Files
cantera/test/python/test_transport.py

496 lines
20 KiB
Python

import numpy as np
import cantera as ct
from . import utilities
from .utilities import allow_deprecated
import copy
import pytest
class TestTransport(utilities.CanteraTest):
def setUp(self):
self.phase = ct.Solution("h2o2.yaml")
self.phase.X = [0.1, 1e-4, 1e-5, 0.2, 2e-4, 0.3, 1e-6, 5e-5, 1e-6, 0.4]
self.phase.TP = 800, 2*ct.one_atm
def test_scalar_properties(self):
self.assertTrue(self.phase.viscosity > 0.0)
self.assertTrue(self.phase.thermal_conductivity > 0.0)
def test_unityLewis(self):
self.phase.transport_model = 'unity-Lewis-number'
alpha = self.phase.thermal_conductivity/(self.phase.density*self.phase.cp)
Dkm_prime = self.phase.mix_diff_coeffs
Dkm = self.phase.mix_diff_coeffs_mass
eps = np.spacing(1) # Machine precision
self.assertTrue(all(np.diff(Dkm) < 2*eps))
self.assertNear(Dkm[0], alpha)
self.assertTrue(all(np.diff(Dkm_prime) < 2*eps))
self.assertNear(Dkm_prime[0], alpha)
def test_mixtureAveraged(self):
self.assertEqual(self.phase.transport_model, 'mixture-averaged')
Dkm1 = self.phase.mix_diff_coeffs
Dkm1b = self.phase.mix_diff_coeffs_mole
Dkm1c = self.phase.mix_diff_coeffs_mass
Dbin1 = self.phase.binary_diff_coeffs
self.phase.transport_model = 'multicomponent'
Dkm2 = self.phase.mix_diff_coeffs
Dkm2b = self.phase.mix_diff_coeffs_mole
Dkm2c = self.phase.mix_diff_coeffs_mass
Dbin2 = self.phase.binary_diff_coeffs
self.assertArrayNear(Dkm1, Dkm2)
self.assertArrayNear(Dkm1b, Dkm2b)
self.assertArrayNear(Dkm1c, Dkm2c)
self.assertArrayNear(Dbin1, Dbin2)
self.assertArrayNear(Dbin1, Dbin1.T)
def test_mixDiffCoeffsChange(self):
# This test is mainly to make code coverage in GasTransport.cpp
# consistent by always covering the path where the binary diffusion
# coefficients need to be updated
Dkm1 = self.phase.mix_diff_coeffs_mole
self.phase.TP = self.phase.T + 1, None
Dkm2 = self.phase.mix_diff_coeffs_mole
self.assertTrue(all(Dkm2 > Dkm1))
Dkm1 = self.phase.mix_diff_coeffs_mass
self.phase.TP = self.phase.T + 1, None
Dkm2 = self.phase.mix_diff_coeffs_mass
self.assertTrue(all(Dkm2 > Dkm1))
Dkm1 = self.phase.mix_diff_coeffs
self.phase.TP = self.phase.T + 1, None
Dkm2 = self.phase.mix_diff_coeffs
self.assertTrue(all(Dkm2 > Dkm1))
def test_CK_mode(self):
mu_ct = self.phase.viscosity
self.phase.transport_model = 'mixture-averaged-CK'
self.assertEqual(self.phase.transport_model, 'mixture-averaged-CK')
mu_ck = self.phase.viscosity
# values should be close, but not identical
self.assertGreater(abs(mu_ct - mu_ck) / mu_ct, 1e-8)
self.assertLess(abs(mu_ct - mu_ck) / mu_ct, 1e-2)
def test_ionGas(self):
# IonGasTransport gives the same result for a mixture
# without ionized species
self.phase.transport_model = 'ionized-gas'
Dkm1 = self.phase.mix_diff_coeffs
Dbin1 = self.phase.binary_diff_coeffs
self.phase.transport_model = 'mixture-averaged'
Dkm2 = self.phase.mix_diff_coeffs
Dbin2 = self.phase.binary_diff_coeffs
self.assertArrayNear(Dkm1, Dkm2)
self.assertArrayNear(Dbin1, Dbin2)
def test_multiComponent(self):
with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
self.phase.multi_diff_coeffs
self.assertArrayNear(self.phase.thermal_diff_coeffs,
np.zeros(self.phase.n_species))
self.phase.transport_model = 'multicomponent'
self.assertTrue(all(self.phase.multi_diff_coeffs.flat >= 0.0))
self.assertTrue(all(self.phase.thermal_diff_coeffs.flat != 0.0))
def test_add_species_mix(self):
yaml = (self.cantera_data_path / "gri30.yaml").read_text()
S = {s.name: s for s in ct.Species.list_from_yaml(yaml, "species")}
base = ['H', 'H2', 'OH', 'O2', 'AR']
extra = ['H2O', 'CH4']
state = 500, 2e5, 'H2:0.4, O2:0.29, CH4:0.01, H2O:0.3'
gas1 = ct.Solution(thermo='ideal-gas', species=[S[s] for s in base+extra])
gas1.transport_model = 'mixture-averaged'
gas1.TPX = state
gas2 = ct.Solution(thermo='ideal-gas', species=[S[s] for s in base])
gas2.transport_model = 'mixture-averaged'
for s in extra:
gas2.add_species(S[s])
gas2.TPX = state
self.assertNear(gas1.viscosity, gas2.viscosity)
self.assertNear(gas1.thermal_conductivity, gas2.thermal_conductivity)
self.assertArrayNear(gas1.binary_diff_coeffs, gas2.binary_diff_coeffs)
self.assertArrayNear(gas1.mix_diff_coeffs, gas2.mix_diff_coeffs)
def test_add_species_multi(self):
yaml = (self.cantera_data_path / "gri30.yaml").read_text()
S = {s.name: s for s in ct.Species.list_from_yaml(yaml, "species")}
base = ['H', 'H2', 'OH', 'O2', 'AR', 'N2']
extra = ['H2O', 'CH4']
state = 500, 2e5, 'H2:0.3, O2:0.28, CH4:0.02, H2O:0.3, N2:0.1'
gas1 = ct.Solution(thermo='ideal-gas', species=[S[s] for s in base+extra])
gas1.transport_model = 'multicomponent'
gas1.TPX = state
gas2 = ct.Solution(thermo='ideal-gas', species=[S[s] for s in base])
gas2.transport_model = 'multicomponent'
for s in extra:
gas2.add_species(S[s])
gas2.TPX = state
self.assertNear(gas1.thermal_conductivity, gas2.thermal_conductivity)
self.assertArrayNear(gas1.multi_diff_coeffs, gas2.multi_diff_coeffs)
def test_species_visosities(self):
for species_name in self.phase.species_names:
# check that species viscosity matches overall for single-species
# state
self.phase.X = {species_name: 1}
self.phase.TP = 800, 2*ct.one_atm
visc = self.phase.viscosity
self.assertNear(self.phase[species_name].species_viscosities[0],
visc)
# and ensure it doesn't change with pressure
self.phase.TP = 800, 5*ct.one_atm
self.assertNear(self.phase[species_name].species_viscosities[0],
visc)
def test_transport_polynomial_fits_viscosity(self):
visc1_h2o = self.phase['H2O'].species_viscosities[0]
mu_poly_h2o = self.phase.get_viscosity_polynomial(self.phase.species_index("H2O"))
visc1_h2 = self.phase['H2'].species_viscosities[0]
mu_poly_h2 = self.phase.get_viscosity_polynomial(self.phase.species_index('H2'))
self.phase.set_viscosity_polynomial(self.phase.species_index('H2'), mu_poly_h2o)
visc2_h2 = self.phase['H2'].species_viscosities[0]
self.phase.set_viscosity_polynomial(self.phase.species_index('H2'), mu_poly_h2)
visc3_h2 = self.phase['H2'].species_viscosities[0]
self.assertTrue(visc1_h2o != visc1_h2)
self.assertEqual(visc1_h2o, visc2_h2)
self.assertEqual(visc1_h2, visc3_h2)
def test_transport_polynomial_fits_conductivity(self):
self.phase.X = {'O2': 1}
cond1_o2 = self.phase.thermal_conductivity
lambda_poly_o2 = self.phase.get_thermal_conductivity_polynomial(self.phase.species_index("O2"))
self.phase.X = {"H2": 1}
cond1_h2 = self.phase.thermal_conductivity
lambda_poly_h2 = self.phase.get_thermal_conductivity_polynomial(self.phase.species_index('H2'))
self.phase.set_thermal_conductivity_polynomial(self.phase.species_index('H2'), lambda_poly_o2)
cond2_h2 = self.phase.thermal_conductivity
self.phase.set_thermal_conductivity_polynomial(self.phase.species_index('H2'), lambda_poly_h2)
cond3_h2 = self.phase.thermal_conductivity
self.assertTrue(cond1_o2 != cond1_h2)
self.assertEqual(cond1_o2, cond2_h2)
self.assertEqual(cond1_h2, cond3_h2)
def test_transport_polynomial_fits_diffusion(self):
D12 = self.phase.binary_diff_coeffs[1, 2]
D23 = self.phase.binary_diff_coeffs[2, 3]
bd_poly_12 = self.phase.get_binary_diff_coeffs_polynomial(1, 2)
bd_poly_23 = self.phase.get_binary_diff_coeffs_polynomial(2, 3)
self.phase.set_binary_diff_coeffs_polynomial(1, 2, bd_poly_23)
self.phase.set_binary_diff_coeffs_polynomial(2, 3, bd_poly_12)
D12mod = self.phase.binary_diff_coeffs[1, 2]
D23mod = self.phase.binary_diff_coeffs[2, 3]
self.phase.set_binary_diff_coeffs_polynomial(1, 2, bd_poly_12)
self.phase.set_binary_diff_coeffs_polynomial(2, 3, bd_poly_23)
D12new = self.phase.binary_diff_coeffs[1, 2]
D23new = self.phase.binary_diff_coeffs[2, 3]
self.assertTrue(D12 != D23)
self.assertEqual(D12, D23mod)
self.assertEqual(D23, D12mod)
self.assertEqual(D12, D12new)
self.assertEqual(D23, D23new)
class TestIonTransport(utilities.CanteraTest):
def setUp(self):
self.p = ct.one_atm
self.T = 2237
self.gas = ct.Solution('ch4_ion.yaml')
self.gas.X = 'O2:0.7010, H2O:0.1885, CO2:9.558e-2'
self.gas.TP = self.T, self.p
self.kN2 = self.gas.species_index("N2")
self.kH3Op = self.gas.species_index("H3O+")
def test_binary_diffusion(self):
bdiff = self.gas.binary_diff_coeffs[self.kN2][self.kH3Op]
self.assertNear(bdiff, 4.258e-4, 1e-4) # Regression test
def test_mixture_diffusion(self):
mdiff = self.gas.mix_diff_coeffs[self.kH3Op]
self.assertNear(mdiff, 5.057e-4, 1e-4) # Regression test
def test_O2_anion_mixture_diffusion(self):
mdiff = self.gas['O2-'].mix_diff_coeffs[0]
self.assertNear(mdiff, 2.784e-4, 1e-3) # Regression test
def test_mobility(self):
mobi = self.gas.mobilities[self.kH3Op]
self.assertNear(mobi, 2.623e-3, 1e-4) # Regression test
def test_update_temperature(self):
bdiff = self.gas.binary_diff_coeffs[self.kN2][self.kH3Op]
mdiff = self.gas.mix_diff_coeffs[self.kH3Op]
mobi = self.gas.mobilities[self.kH3Op]
self.gas.TP = 0.9 * self.T, self.p
self.assertTrue(bdiff != self.gas.binary_diff_coeffs[self.kN2][self.kH3Op])
self.assertTrue(mdiff != self.gas.mix_diff_coeffs[self.kH3Op])
self.assertTrue(mobi != self.gas.mobilities[self.kH3Op])
class TestTransportGeometryFlags(utilities.CanteraTest):
species_data = """
- name: H2
composition: {{H: 2}}
thermo: &dummy-thermo
{{model: constant-cp, T0: 1000, h0: 51.7, s0: 19.5, cp0: 8.41}}
transport:
model: gas
geometry: {H2}
diameter: 2.92
well-depth: 38.00
polarizability: 0.79
rotational-relaxation: 280.0
- name: H
composition: {{H: 1}}
thermo: *dummy-thermo
transport:
model: gas
geometry: {H}
diameter: 2.05
well-depth: 145.00
- name: H2O
composition: {{H: 2, O: 1}}
thermo: *dummy-thermo
transport:
model: gas
geometry: {H2O}
diameter: 2.60
well-depth: 572.40
dipole: 1.84
rotational-relaxation: 4.0
- name: OHp
composition: {{H: 1, O: 1, E: -1}}
thermo: *dummy-thermo
transport:
model: gas
geometry: {OHp}
diameter: 2.60
well-depth: 572.40
dipole: 1.84
rotational-relaxation: 4.0
- name: E
composition: {{E: 1}}
thermo: *dummy-thermo
transport:
model: gas
geometry: {E}
diameter: 0.01
well-depth: 1.0
"""
def test_bad_geometry(self):
good = {'H':'atom', 'H2':'linear', 'H2O':'nonlinear', 'OHp':'linear',
'E':'atom'}
ct.Species.list_from_yaml(self.species_data.format(**good))
bad = [{'H':'linear'}, {'H':'nonlinear'}, {'H2':'atom'},
{'H2':'nonlinear'}, {'H2O':'atom'}, {'OHp':'atom'},
{'OHp':'nonlinear'}, {'E':'linear'}]
for geoms in bad:
test = copy.copy(good)
test.update(geoms)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(ct.CanteraError, 'invalid geometry'):
ct.Species.list_from_yaml(self.species_data.format(**test))
class TestDustyGas(utilities.CanteraTest):
def setUp(self):
self.phase = ct.DustyGas("h2o2.yaml")
self.phase.TPX = 500.0, ct.one_atm, "O2:2.0, H2:1.0, H2O:1.0"
self.phase.porosity = 0.2
self.phase.tortuosity = 0.3
self.phase.mean_pore_radius = 1e-4
self.phase.mean_particle_diameter = 5e-4
self.Dref = self.phase.multi_diff_coeffs
def test_porosity(self):
self.phase.porosity = 0.4
D = self.phase.multi_diff_coeffs
self.assertArrayNear(self.Dref * 2, D)
def test_tortuosity(self):
self.phase.tortuosity = 0.6
D = self.phase.multi_diff_coeffs
self.assertArrayNear(self.Dref * 0.5, D)
# The other parameters don't have such simple relationships to the diffusion
# coefficients, so we can't test them as easily
def test_molar_fluxes(self):
T1, rho1, Y1 = self.phase.TDY
self.phase.TPX = 500.0, ct.one_atm, "O2:2.0, H2:1.001, H2O:0.999"
T2, rho2, Y2 = self.phase.TDY
fluxes0 = self.phase.molar_fluxes(T1, T1, rho1, rho1, Y1, Y1, 1e-4)
self.assertArrayNear(fluxes0, np.zeros(self.phase.n_species))
fluxes1 = self.phase.molar_fluxes(T1, T2, rho1, rho2, Y1, Y2, 1e-4)
kH2 = self.phase.species_index('H2')
kH2O = self.phase.species_index('H2O')
self.assertTrue(fluxes1[kH2] < 0)
self.assertTrue(fluxes1[kH2O] > 0)
# Not sure why the following condition is not satisfied:
# self.assertNear(sum(fluxes1) / sum(abs(fluxes1)), 0.0)
def test_thermal_conductivity(self):
gas1 = ct.Solution("h2o2.yaml", transport_model="multicomponent")
gas1.TPX = self.phase.TPX
self.assertEqual(self.phase.thermal_conductivity, gas1.thermal_conductivity)
class TestWaterTransport(utilities.CanteraTest):
"""
Comparison values are taken from the NIST Chemistry WebBook. Agreement is
limited by the use of a different equation of state here (Reynolds) than
in the Webbook (IAPWS95), as well as a different set of coefficients for
the transport property model. Differences are largest in the region near
the critical point.
"""
@classmethod
def setUpClass(cls):
cls.water = ct.Water()
def check_viscosity(self, T, P, mu, rtol):
self.water.TP = T, P
self.assertNear(self.water.viscosity, mu, rtol)
def check_thermal_conductivity(self, T, P, k, rtol):
self.water.TP = T, P
self.assertNear(self.water.thermal_conductivity, k, rtol)
def test_viscosity_liquid(self):
self.check_viscosity(400, 1e6, 2.1880e-4, 1e-3)
self.check_viscosity(400, 8e6, 2.2061e-4, 1e-3)
self.check_viscosity(620, 1.6e7, 6.7489e-5, 2e-3)
self.check_viscosity(620, 2.8e7, 7.5684e-5, 2e-3)
def test_thermal_conductivity_liquid(self):
self.check_thermal_conductivity(400, 1e6, 0.68410, 1e-3)
self.check_thermal_conductivity(400, 8e6, 0.68836, 1e-3)
self.check_thermal_conductivity(620, 1.6e7, 0.45458, 2e-3)
self.check_thermal_conductivity(620, 2.8e7, 0.49705, 2e-3)
def test_viscosity_vapor(self):
self.check_viscosity(600, 1e6, 2.1329e-5, 1e-3)
self.check_viscosity(620, 5e6, 2.1983e-5, 1e-3)
self.check_viscosity(620, 1.5e7, 2.2858e-5, 2e-3)
def test_thermal_conductivity_vapor(self):
self.check_thermal_conductivity(600, 1e6, 0.047636, 1e-3)
self.check_thermal_conductivity(620, 5e6, 0.055781, 1e-3)
self.check_thermal_conductivity(620, 1.5e7, 0.10524, 2e-3)
def test_viscosity_supercritical(self):
self.check_viscosity(660, 2.2e7, 2.7129e-5, 2e-3)
self.check_viscosity(660, 2.54e7, 3.8212e-5, 1e-2)
self.check_viscosity(660, 2.8e7, 5.3159e-5, 1e-2)
def test_thermal_conductivity_supercritical(self):
self.check_thermal_conductivity(660, 2.2e7, 0.14872, 1e-2)
self.check_thermal_conductivity(660, 2.54e7, 0.35484, 2e-2)
self.check_thermal_conductivity(660, 2.8e7, 0.38479, 1e-2)
class TestIAPWS95WaterTransport(utilities.CanteraTest):
"""
Water transport properties test using the IAPWS95 equation of state. This
results in better comparisons with data from the NIST Webbook.
"""
@classmethod
def setUpClass(cls):
cls.water = ct.Solution('thermo-models.yaml', 'liquid-water')
def check_viscosity(self, T, P, mu, rtol):
self.water.TP = T, P
self.assertNear(self.water.viscosity, mu, rtol)
def check_thermal_conductivity(self, T, P, k, rtol):
self.water.TP = T, P
self.assertNear(self.water.thermal_conductivity, k, rtol)
def test_viscosity_liquid(self):
self.check_viscosity(400, 1e6, 2.1880e-4, 2e-4)
self.check_viscosity(400, 8e6, 2.2061e-4, 2e-4)
self.check_viscosity(620, 1.6e7, 6.7489e-5, 1e-4)
self.check_viscosity(620, 2.8e7, 7.5684e-5, 1e-4)
def test_thermal_conductivity_liquid(self):
self.check_thermal_conductivity(400, 1e6, 0.68410, 1e-4)
self.check_thermal_conductivity(400, 8e6, 0.68836, 1e-4)
self.check_thermal_conductivity(620, 1.6e7, 0.45458, 1e-4)
self.check_thermal_conductivity(620, 2.8e7, 0.49705, 1e-4)
def test_viscosity_supercritical(self):
self.check_viscosity(660, 2.2e7, 2.7129e-5, 1e-4)
self.check_viscosity(660, 2.54e7, 3.8212e-5, 1e-4)
self.check_viscosity(660, 2.8e7, 5.3159e-5, 1e-4)
def test_thermal_conductivity_supercritical(self):
self.check_thermal_conductivity(660, 2.2e7, 0.14872, 1e-4)
self.check_thermal_conductivity(660, 2.54e7, 0.35484, 1e-4)
self.check_thermal_conductivity(660, 2.8e7, 0.38479, 1e-4)
class TestTransportData(utilities.CanteraTest):
@classmethod
def setUpClass(cls):
utilities.CanteraTest.setUpClass()
cls.gas = ct.Solution("h2o2.yaml")
cls.gas.X = 'H2O:0.6, H2:0.4'
def test_read(self):
tr = self.gas.species('H2').transport
self.assertEqual(tr.geometry, 'linear')
self.assertNear(tr.diameter, 2.92e-10)
self.assertNear(tr.well_depth, 38.0 * ct.boltzmann)
self.assertNear(tr.polarizability, 0.79e-30)
self.assertNear(tr.rotational_relaxation, 280)
def test_set_customary_units(self):
tr1 = ct.GasTransportData()
tr1.set_customary_units('nonlinear', 2.60, 572.40, 1.84, 0.0, 4.00)
tr2 = self.gas.species('H2O').transport
self.assertEqual(tr1.geometry, tr2.geometry)
self.assertNear(tr1.diameter, tr2.diameter)
self.assertNear(tr1.well_depth, tr2.well_depth)
self.assertNear(tr1.dipole, tr2.dipole)
self.assertNear(tr1.polarizability, tr2.polarizability)
self.assertNear(tr1.rotational_relaxation, tr2.rotational_relaxation)
class TestIonGasTransportData(utilities.CanteraTest):
def setUp(self):
self.gas = ct.Solution("ch4_ion.yaml")
def test_read_ion(self):
tr = self.gas.species('N2').transport
self.assertNear(tr.dispersion_coefficient, 2.995e-50)
self.assertNear(tr.quadrupole_polarizability, 3.602e-50)
def test_set_customary_units(self):
tr1 = ct.GasTransportData()
tr1.set_customary_units('linear', 3.62, 97.53, 1.76,
dispersion_coefficient = 2.995,
quadrupole_polarizability = 3.602)
tr2 = self.gas.species('N2').transport
self.assertNear(tr1.dispersion_coefficient, tr2.dispersion_coefficient)
self.assertNear(tr1.quadrupole_polarizability, tr2.quadrupole_polarizability)