- 
- 
- 
- 
- I hope others find these scripts useful.
- -Ken Yamaguchi October 1998
- - - diff --git a/Docs/C/pix/appr-asset1.gif b/Docs/C/pix/appr-asset1.gif deleted file mode 100644 index 3d0a6d5bd8..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/C/pix/appr-asset1.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/C/pix/appr-asset2.gif b/Docs/C/pix/appr-asset2.gif deleted file mode 100644 index 8ecf19ebe1..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/C/pix/appr-asset2.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/C/pix/appr-income.gif b/Docs/C/pix/appr-income.gif deleted file mode 100644 index 5800f6a954..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/C/pix/appr-income.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/C/pix/appr-main1.gif b/Docs/C/pix/appr-main1.gif deleted file mode 100644 index 87cae7c15a..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/C/pix/appr-main1.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/C/pix/appr-main2.gif b/Docs/C/pix/appr-main2.gif deleted file mode 100644 index 86351f1149..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/C/pix/appr-main2.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/C/pix/contract.gif b/Docs/C/pix/contract.gif deleted file mode 100644 index 695ca476c1..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/C/pix/contract.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/C/pix/depr-asset.gif b/Docs/C/pix/depr-asset.gif deleted file mode 100644 index 8f3fb79e51..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/C/pix/depr-asset.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/C/pix/depr-main.gif b/Docs/C/pix/depr-main.gif deleted file mode 100644 index 666c55fe5d..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/C/pix/depr-main.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/C/pix/expand.gif b/Docs/C/pix/expand.gif deleted file mode 100644 index 1ee1ee3719..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/C/pix/expand.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/C/pix/foliowin-single.gif b/Docs/C/pix/foliowin-single.gif deleted file mode 100644 index 8004491ac6..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/C/pix/foliowin-single.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/C/pix/foliowin.gif b/Docs/C/pix/foliowin.gif deleted file mode 100644 index e8a9e52c79..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/C/pix/foliowin.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/C/pix/newaccwin-code.gif b/Docs/C/pix/newaccwin-code.gif deleted file mode 100644 index 3de25b520c..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/C/pix/newaccwin-code.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/C/pix/newaccwin-trade.gif b/Docs/C/pix/newaccwin-trade.gif deleted file mode 100644 index 90572e8d90..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/C/pix/newaccwin-trade.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/C/pix/newaccwin.gif b/Docs/C/pix/newaccwin.gif deleted file mode 100644 index 9054787138..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/C/pix/newaccwin.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/C/pix/recnwin.gif b/Docs/C/pix/recnwin.gif deleted file mode 100644 index f23d07982c..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/C/pix/recnwin.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/C/pix/regwin-double.gif b/Docs/C/pix/regwin-double.gif deleted file mode 100644 index 438c0371f3..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/C/pix/regwin-double.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/C/pix/regwin-multi.gif b/Docs/C/pix/regwin-multi.gif deleted file mode 100644 index c267aabfba..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/C/pix/regwin-multi.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/C/pix/regwin-single.gif b/Docs/C/pix/regwin-single.gif deleted file mode 100644 index 4a12317f67..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/C/pix/regwin-single.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/C/pix/regwin-single2.gif b/Docs/C/pix/regwin-single2.gif deleted file mode 100644 index 62df99ba85..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/C/pix/regwin-single2.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/C/pix/regwin.gif b/Docs/C/pix/regwin.gif deleted file mode 100644 index b0adac908d..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/C/pix/regwin.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/C/pix/report-baln.gif b/Docs/C/pix/report-baln.gif deleted file mode 100644 index 4a217ddae6..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/C/pix/report-baln.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/C/pix/report-folio.gif b/Docs/C/pix/report-folio.gif deleted file mode 100644 index ee783f9a01..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/C/pix/report-folio.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/C/pix/report-option.gif b/Docs/C/pix/report-option.gif deleted file mode 100644 index 5c56f978cb..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/C/pix/report-option.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/C/pix/reportwin.gif b/Docs/C/pix/reportwin.gif deleted file mode 100644 index 4e67ad8f61..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/C/pix/reportwin.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/C/pix/ticker-a.gif b/Docs/C/pix/ticker-a.gif deleted file mode 100644 index 929d67a516..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/C/pix/ticker-a.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/C/pix/ticker-b.gif b/Docs/C/pix/ticker-b.gif deleted file mode 100644 index f0e86e075c..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/C/pix/ticker-b.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/C/projects.html b/Docs/C/projects.html deleted file mode 100644 index fbef2c5a90..0000000000 --- a/Docs/C/projects.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1578 +0,0 @@ - - - - -The people behind GnuCash aim - to create a world-class GPL'ed Open Source Personal Financial - Application for GNU/Linux and other Unix's. This page aims to - review some of the technical and development issues surrounding - this product, representing a sort of FAQ for developers and - contributors, to suggest directions when developers are trying to - determine how to implement new functionality.
- -To get a better idea of what - GnuCash is and what it does, visit its home page.
- -There are currently several different versions of - GnuCash.
- -The latest Gnome version, and latest versions in general, - are currently available only via CVS.
- -Precompiled versions are available, but usually - only for the stable releases. Don't use the unstable versions - unless you are ready for excitement and adventure, and are - prepared to cope with a need to keep extensive backups.
- -This document is divided into several sections.
- -Thus, the Motif or Gnome GUIs are merely two possible - manipulators of the data; others, based on e.g. - Qt/KDE, emacs, Java applets or Java servlets ought to be - possible.
-GnuCash also needs to deal with multiple distributed data - sources: stock quotations from the net or transaction - confirmations from online banks and brokerage houses, or from - more mundane sources, such as file imports, or merger of data - from several users.
- -Amongst these terms, the concept of a global Model-View is - dated, and somewhat inappropriate. Rather, we need to be - concerned about how data is represented in the local address - space of the GUI, how the GUI manipulates it, how data is - brought in and merged from external sources, and how that data - is again output, whether to a file or a local or remote - database.
- -Thus, the View essentially represents a local data - cache of the data that is immediately present and being - displayed, reported, and manipulated. The Model is the - abstraction of that data that the GUI (the controller) can act - on.
- -Currently, the Engine is fairly poor, and is tightly tied - to the data structures that the GUI manipulates. These data - structures include:
- -The Engine currently handles only a small set of data - sources:
- -However, since the Engine is meant to be the interface - between the GUI and the financial data, it is really intended - to be able to do much more.
- -In particular, it should be possible to back the Engine - onto an SQL database, and thereby enable multiple users and/or - interface to more complex accounting systems. The engine should - also be expandable to handle other sources of data, such as - OFX, Integrion GOLD, the Open Trading Protocol, the OMG CORBA - General Ledger submission, the IBM San Francisco business - objects, or closer to home, Linux Kontor. In particular, it - should be possible to use GnuCash not only to view data from - these sources, but also to manipulate it and send it back.
- -The above structure should leads us to view GnuCash not so - much as a tightly integrated application, but rather as a loose - confederation of component objects, libraries and - interfaces.
- -In order to facilitate the gluing together of these parts, - as well as simplify the questions of customizability, change - and rapid development, GnuCash makes use of an extension - language to glue the pieces together.
- -The extension language that is most central to Gnucash is - - Scheme, and in particular, the FSF implementation, Guile, - although some of the interfaces are also available through Perl.
- -Important properties of a personal finance system - include:
- -A seemingly contradictory factor is that the kinds of - sophistication that are required vary considerably. - Consider:
- -Thus, home users don't need much of the - sophistication of an Accounts Receivable or Payable system, - or the bizarre depreciation policies that crop up - in Asset Management systems.
-It may be that these will require completely - different systems, and that GnuCash cannot be "all things to - all people." This remains to be seen.
- -The right hand column shows a sizing guesstimate. pm == - person-months
- -| Feature | - -Sizing | -
|---|---|
| - | -|
| Enhanced Engine, Financial - Objects | - -Large | -
| SQL I/O | - -Medium | -
| Multi-User Support | - -Medium | -
| A/R, A/P Accounts Payable, - Receivable | - -Medium | -
| Payroll | - -Medium | -
| Invoicing | - -Medium | -
| Job Costing | - -Medium | -
| Expense Accounts | - -Large | -
Current status:
- -Other output format possibilities include SGML and Extensible - Markup Language - XML. In the long run, these are - preferable to HTML, since DSSSL tools such as Jade (James DSSSL - Engine) can be used to convert to RTF, Postscript, - etc.
- -Add to this the consideration that XML is the basis for - the Document Object - Model, which is being integrated into many web-based - applications, and we can see that XML is an increasingly - significant format as we look to the future.
- -The Report Generator should be a separate but - "dockable" subsystem of the whole.
- -Thus, it should be possible to run the report generator - in a stand-alone, read-only fashion without having to start - up the main application.
- -Graphs, charts, etc. too ...
- -Asset allocation pie chart.
- -Graph portfolio value vs. cost
- -One difficult aspect of reporting is designing a - configurable interface, so that people can build custom - reports. The New - Reporting Infrastructure is seeking to build this up - using Guile.
- -Stock portfolio tools should include a Cost Averaging - report, Market Index report, Stock Option values, - Estimation of capital gains tax liabilities.
- -Status:
- -Question: How to most simply allow the user to - enter loads and fees?
- -Answer: Through splits. Unfortunately, some - users may not properly understand splits, at least not - initially. Thus, a little popup is needed to allow the user - to type in the sales load or fee and such, and then - auto-create the needed splits.
- -Note the current transfer window does NOT - allow a share price to be specified !! Needs fixing ...
- - -A set of themes would be desirable for the Gnome - version.
-A user-configurable button-bar would be nice - too.
-Provide a default list of "Categories" - (Income/Expense Accounts). These are categories such as - "Automobile Expense", "Bank Interest Income", and - "Employment Income". The user should be able to select - a default set of accounts, and have those created - automatically.
- -To actually implement this, it might be best to - simply create a file with these in them, and load that - file. A mechanism should be provided to allow the user - to weed out undesired accounts whilst not preventing - them from using them at a later date, if desired.
-Add an example showing how regular household assets - (house, car, jewelry, etc.) should be treated. In - particular, show how appreciation and depreciation - should be treated.
-Menu navigation using the keyboard should be - possible.
- -Although menu mnemonics exist, they seem to be - broken.
- -Similarly, tab-key navigation should be possible. - Currently, it is possible to use the tab key to - navigate from field to field in the register window, to - user arrow keys to navigate menus, and quick-fill to - automatically complete fields. However, it is not - possible to tab over to the "Commit" button.
- -It should be.
-Currently, Income/Expense accounts can be shown or - hidden by selecting from a menu. It would be nice to be - able to examine different account types (Asset, - Liability, Income, Expense, Payables, Receivables, - Inventory) by selecting a tab folder.
-When the user pauses the mouse over a button, - "fly-over" pop-up help windows should appear.
-Create grayed out entries in the ledger, titled - "Memo", "Description", etc, helping users understand - what should be typed into each field.
-Make sure that text fields can handle the vi and - emacs key bindings, so that e.g. emacs-style - ctrl-a, ctrl-k does the right thing.
-i.e. Ability to permanently lock records as - non-editable. This should be straight-forward by using the - reconciled field to indicate a locked - value, and not allowing the GUI to edit locked records.
- -Also need to report closed books slightly differently. - Need to bring balances forward too...
- - -Preferences include things like showing/not showing - categories, forcing double-entry, etc.
- -Current status:
- -The overall architecture is envisioned thus:
- -All code, including the transaction engine, the file - I/O routines, the menus, and the ledger, will be abstracted - into compact modules that can function independently of - each other. At the highest level, there will be a - infrastructure with extension language interfaces that will - "wire together" the various modules.
- -Such "wiring together" will consist of a dispatch - infrastructure that will allow arbitrary menu entries to be - hooked to arbitrary modules. The configuration for menu - entries, and their associated callbacks, will be specified - in an extension-language configuration file. At the final - stages, it is highly desirable to be able to, in - some manner, import new modules without requiring - that the application itself be recompiled and relinked.
- -Status:
- -This should be handled by having a way of bouncing out - to some Guile code to generate transactions with computed - values.
-Status:
- -Add support for automatic, recurring transactions, - e.g. mortgage payments, fixed-interest bonds, bank - accounts, etc.
- -Note that the design for this could be very different, - depending on whether the multi-user functions are available - or not.
- -Design/implementation for this is tricky. It should - probably leverage crontab, but this can lead to - difficulties and bugs.
- -May need interfaces to email for emailed alerts.
- -Interfaces into calendaring systems? Current - status:
- -Note that the above 'step-by-step' budgeters will have - a very very different GUI than what the budgeting system - required for a small-business might look like.
- -Status:
- -Status:
- -Right now, this is a stand-alone perl script run - from crontab.
-OFX is an open spec from Microsoft, Intuit, and - Checkfree, and which will be supported by Integrion. The - OFX DTD's are included in the 1.1 distributions. See OFX Home Page for - details.
- -There are two ways to build an OFX parser. One way is - to build a compile-time DTD parser that treats the DTD as - if it were an IDL, and generates C language stubs for a - parser.
- -This approach was attempted and abandoned because it - leads to fragile C code and a very large binary.
- -Run-time parsing may be slower, but on the OFX client - side, this should not be a bottleneck.
- -Status:
- -Note that the organizations developing OFX are looking - to use XML as their "formats of the future;" this may - encourage the use of one of the many XML parsers available - for UNIX.
-Double-entry is a powerful way of ensuring the - integrity of of the financial data. Currently, while - double-entry is supported, its use is not enforced: the - user can create dangling transactions, where only - one account is indicated.
- -Although this is acceptable for home use (even - desirable, since it allows the casual user the simplicity - they desire), it is not acceptable for business use.
- -It must be possible to enable forced-double entry, so - that a transaction cannot be completed until two accounts - have been specified.
- -Current status:
- -The tab-delimited format should be compatible with that - of /rdb, aka RAND/Hobbs /rdb or - - NoSQL. (NoSQL is available as part of the Debian GNU/Linux distribution, - for instance.)
- -The /rdb format is thus:
--field-name tab fieldname tab fieldname \n ------------------------------------------- \n -value tab value tab value \n -value tab value tab value \n -etc ... -- -
It is a very simple, very basic flat table format. The - use of /rdb with GnuCash should try to match with - SQL schemas as much as possible in order to minimize I/O - complexity and incompatibility.
-categorize items according to different tax - schedules
-The current engine is rather simple: it provides - support for accounts, account hierarchies and transactions - consisting of multiple entries.
- -Many of the features described elsewhere will require - that the engine have a far richer, more sophisticated data - model, including such things as:
- -Note: it makes no sense at this point to make the - engine API much richer than what the GUI can currently - support.
- -In a business environment, the auditors may have - "signed off" on the validity of the data; at that - point, the ability to modify audited data should be - very tightly controlled, or even downright - forbidden.
-Current Status:
- -These "Transaction processing constructs" should - simplify creation of an SQL back end, or some other - more sophisticated database engine.
-There has been much discussion about this on - mailing lists both for GnuCash and CBB. Major - points have included:
- -This may be a minor cost to a business enterprise - that hires DataBase Administrators.
- -It is not acceptable to require this of - naive users that may find "simple" things like
--% su - -Password: -# cd /tmp -# rpm -i gnucash-4.1.3.i386.rpm -# exit -- to be challenging. -
Changing GnuCash to be suited to use a DBMS in - other than a "load-it-all" / "dump-it-all" manner, but - to rather update the database in a transactional - manner.
- -That being said, it may be possible to recast the - GnuCash engine functionality so as to handle - storage in a transactional manner.
-The following industrial-strength features are - needed:
- -While the GnuCash "engine" might remain free, - maintenance of payroll functionality would require - "subscribing" to an update scheme; it might be troublesome - to try to provide such a "subscription" free of charge.
-Linas Vepstas
- linas@linas.org
-
Christopher Browne
- cbbrowne@ntlug.org
-
GnuCash is a program to keep track of your finances. Its - features include:
- -If you can use the register in the back of your - checkbook, you can use GnuCash.
-At the end of the month, open up the reconcile - window, enter the ending balance from your bank statement, - and check off the transactions that appear in the bank - statement. This agrees what you have recorded in GnuCash - with what your bank has reported, and makes it easier to - track down any discrepancies.
-If you begin typing in the description field, and the - text matches a previous transaction, hitting TAB - will copy in that previous transaction. This is a handy - time saver if you regularly create similar - transactions.
-Track stocks individually (one per account) or in - portfolio of accounts (a group of accounts that can be - displayed together).
- -There are tools to - automatically collect stock quotes.
-Bank accounts may be established in different - currencies, and trades at varying exchange rates may be - made, in much the same way stocks trade at varying - prices.
-Imports Quicken-style QIF files.
-GnuCash offers some features not found in simpler - accounting programs.
- -A master account can have a hierarchy of more detailed - accounts arranged underneath it. This allows related - account types (e.g. - Cash, Bank, Stock) to be - grouped under one master account ( e.g. - - Assets).
-Every transaction involves two accounts, and each - transaction is required to balance. This provides - assurance that the overall set of books will add up - correctly, and prevents out-of-balance errors - altogether.
-Intuit's Quicken - product has what they call "categories" that are used to - track incomes and expenses. These may be used to create - Profit/Loss reports.
-Multiple accounts may be displayed in one register - window at the same time. This can make it easier to track - down data errors. It also provides a convenient way of - viewing a portfolio of many stocks, by showing all - transactions in that portfolio.
-The versioning scheme for GnuCash parallels that of the - Linux kernel, where "even" sub-versions indicate versions that - are intended to be stable, only seeing maintenance to fix bugs, - and "odd" sub-versions indicate an "experimental" stream that - seeks to add enhancement.
- -The present "experimental" stream is gnucash-1.3.x, which - is somewhat unstable.
- -The latest stable release is 1.2.x; if you don't intend to - do development work, you should be using either this version, - or an older 1.0.x version. These versions are fairly stable, - with all currently known bugs fixed.
- -Once the 1.3.x series stabilizes, the next stable series - will be 1.4.x, and experimentation will likely continue on - 1.5.x.
- -If you wish to "hack" on the experimental version, you - should first start by reading through the GnuCash Project Goals document in order to - get some perspective on the overall design.
- -The cast of thousands includes:
- -| Version | - -engine | - -register | - -ledger | - -motif | - -gnome | - -qt | - -prefs (scm) | - -docs (html) | - -misc | - -Total | -
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| xacc-0.9 - Sept 97 |
-
- - | - -- | - -- | - -34 files - (7.5+0.9) |
-
- - | - -- | - -- | - -5 files - (0.4) |
-
- - | - -39 files - (8.8) |
-
| xacc-0.9w - Dec 97 |
-
- - | - -- | - -- | - -51 files - (13.8+1.5) |
-
- - | - -- | - -- | - -9 files - (0.8) |
-
- - | - -60 files - (16.1) |
-
| xacc-1.0.17 - Feb 98 |
-
- - | - -- | - -- | - -52 files - (14.8+1.8) |
-
- - | - -- | - -- | - -12 files - (1.4) |
-
- - | - -64 files - (18.0) |
-
| gnucash-1.1.15 - Aug 98 |
-
- 24 files - (6.2+1.5) |
-
- 31 files - (6.1+1.7) |
-
- 5 files - (1.4+0.4) |
-
- 30 files - (7.4+0.7) |
-
- 17 files - (3.4+0.5) |
-
- 16 files - (1.2+0.2) |
-
- 3 files - (0.3) |
-
- 16 files - (1.9) |
-
- not counted - (>1.0) |
-
- 142 files - (32.9) |
-
Each cell contains:
-
- number of *c and *.h files
- (KLOCS in *.c + KLOCS in *.h),
where KLOC == kilo-lines-of-code, as reported by - wc.
-Return to Main Documentation - Page.
- - - diff --git a/Docs/C/xacc-accountedit.html b/Docs/C/xacc-accountedit.html deleted file mode 100644 index 14f1ca97ff..0000000000 --- a/Docs/C/xacc-accountedit.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,30 +0,0 @@ - - - -The "Edit Account" dialog box lets you change the properties of - an account. You can access this via the "edit" button of the main - window toolbar, the "Accounts" menu, or via the keyboard - shortcuts. For a description of the uses of the various - properties, see the information about new accounts.
- -Account information can be changed by typing in the appropriate - field. The account type cannot be changed.
-A new Parent Account can be selected. Only those accounts that - can legally become the parent of the present account are shown.
-The source for Stock Quotes can be selected. FIXME: - could somebody who uses this feature please document it?>
-Notes about the account can be edited.
- - -Return to Main Documentation - Page.
- - - diff --git a/Docs/C/xacc-acctypes.html b/Docs/C/xacc-acctypes.html deleted file mode 100644 index eb0473b746..0000000000 --- a/Docs/C/xacc-acctypes.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,151 +0,0 @@ - - - - -Return to Main Documentation - Page.
- - - diff --git a/Docs/C/xacc-accwin.html b/Docs/C/xacc-accwin.html deleted file mode 100644 index 50f0993abd..0000000000 --- a/Docs/C/xacc-accwin.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,46 +0,0 @@ - - - - -This is what a new account window looks like:
- - 
Pick an Account - Type.
- -The Currency field should typically be a three-letter ISO curency code - (e.g. - USD for U.S. Dollars). The - Account Code is a number that determines the sort order of the account - when it appears in a report or in the Chart of Accounts.
- -The picure below shows an example for a stock or currency - trading account. Note that the Security field is not greyed - out, and that you can enter a value. That value is typically a - stock-ticker symbol, or a three-letter ISO currency - code.
- -
- 
-
Return to Main Documentation - Page.
- - - diff --git a/Docs/C/xacc-adjbwin.html b/Docs/C/xacc-adjbwin.html deleted file mode 100644 index 892705e9a4..0000000000 --- a/Docs/C/xacc-adjbwin.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,25 +0,0 @@ - - - - -Add more documentation here.
-Return to Main Documentation - Page.
- - - diff --git a/Docs/C/xacc-apar.html b/Docs/C/xacc-apar.html deleted file mode 100644 index b4a074fcbd..0000000000 --- a/Docs/C/xacc-apar.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,192 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - -A/R (Accounts Receivable) and A/P (Accounts Payable) are - somewhat deep, and require thought to fully understand - them.
- -First, let us examine A/R. After all, we really shouldn't - really need to relate to A/P because we always pay - our bills on time, don't we ? :-)
- -As a first approximation, let us assume we don't require - customers to pay instantly, in cash, but rather issue - them an invoice, and give them 30 days to pay the bills. (After - 30 days, we can start charging interest and sending out - harassing letters :-)).
- -When we make a sale, the two accounts affected are - Sales (an income account) and Accounts Receivable. - Accounts Receivable is an asset, but it's not "liquid," as you - can't readily sell it, and it's certainly not cash.
- -Then when they come by to pay their bill, dropping off a - large sack of twenty-dollar bills (or, more likely, a - check/cheque), we transfer the amount from A/R to Cash.
- -The reason we do this in two steps is that we have decided - we need to do our accounting on an accrual basis and not on a - cash basis, because most of our transactions are not solely - based on cash changing hands, but rather based on - establishing obligations.
- -In more sophisticated operations, there may be a much - larger sequence of documents generated and tracked:
- -We report sales in our sales figures as soon as we make - them. Unfortunately, we may wind up selling some product to - no-good shady operators that we didn't know were shady, and - thus may get stuck with some "bad debts."
- -In order to determine which parts of Accounts Receivable - appear to be most at risk, it is typical to arrange AR based on - the "ages" of the debts, commonly segmenting it into several - aging periods, of payments outstanding 0-30 days, those that - outstanding 31-60 days, 61-90 days, and then those that are - way overdue.
- -At some point, it may become clear that a customer is never - going to pay what they owe, and we have to write it off as a - Bad Debt.
- -At that point, it is typical to record an entry thus:
- -| Account | - -DR | - -CR | -
|---|---|---|
| Bad Debt Expense | - -$10,000 | - -- | -
| - | -||
| Accounts Receivable | - -- | - -$10,000 | -
We could have reduced Sales Income instead, but - companies tend to prefer to specifically track the amount that - they're losing to bad customers.
- -Warning: Advanced Accounting Concept. Bad Debt - is an example of a "contra-account." That doesn't refer to - amounts paid to Nicaraguan rebels, but rather the notion - that the account is an income account that is expected to hold - a balance opposite to what is normally expected, to be - counteract the balance in another income account. Accumulated Depreciation, used - to diminish the value of an asset over time, is another example - of a contra-account.
- -The scenario for Accounts Receivable, reversed, reflects - how Accounts Payables work; just switch customer with supplier, - and see how the roles reverse.
- -Analagous techniques are also used for expenses that are - prepaid.
- -If you have to pay out down six months of rent in advance, - that is treated as an "accrued asset."
- -While this puts an unfortunate dent in the Cash - account, it does show on the books as an asset, - and there are no more payments to make for the next six - months.
-Similarly, companies collect payroll taxes on behalf of - employees, and keep them in a special bank account.
- -Return to Main Documentation - Page.
- - - diff --git a/Docs/C/xacc-apprdepr.html b/Docs/C/xacc-apprdepr.html deleted file mode 100644 index 1b14b79fab..0000000000 --- a/Docs/C/xacc-apprdepr.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,716 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - -This section provides a treatment of the handling of - depreciation and appreciation of assets in GnuCash.
- -It also provides a brief introduction to the related tax - issues.
- -Warning: Be aware that different countries can - have substantially different tax policies for handling - these things; all that this document can really provide is some - of the underlying ideas to help you apply your "favorite" - tax/depreciation policies.
- -Note that appreciation and depreciation of assets tend to - be treated somewhat differently:
- -Depreciation tends to only get calculated on assets - that are used for professional or business purposes, because - governments - don't generally allow you to claim depreciation deductions - on personal assets, and it's pointless to bother with the - procedure if it's not deductible.
-Unlike depreciation, governments tend to be quite - interested in taxing capital gains in one manner or - another.
- -(As always, there are exceptions. If you hold a bond - that pays all of its interest at maturity, tax authorities - will often require that you recognize interest each year, - and refuse this to be treated as a capital gain. The - phrases accrued interest, or imputed - interest are often there to scare those that are - sensitive to such things...)
-Appreciaton of assets is, in general, a fairly tricky matter - to deal with. This is so because, for some sorts of assets, it - is difficult to correctly estimate an increase in value - until you actually sell the asset.
- -If you invest in securities - that are traded on a daily basis on open markets such as stock - exchanges, prices may be quite exact, and selling the asset at - market prices may be as simple as calling a broker and issuing - a Market Order.
- -On the other hand, homes in your neighbourhood are sold - somewhat less often, such sales tend to involve expending - considerable effort, and involve negotiations, which means that - estimates are likely to be less precise. Similarly, selling a - used automobile involves a negotiation process that makes - pricing a bit less predictable.
- -Harder to estimate are values of collectible objects such - as jewelry, works of art, baseball cards, and "Beanie Babies." - The markets for such objects are somewhat less open than the - securities markets.
- -Worse still are one-of-a-kind assets. Factories often - contain presses and dies customized to build a very specific - product that cost tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars; - this equipment may be worthless outside of that very - specific context. In such cases, there several conflicting - values might be attached to the asset, none of them - unambiguously correct.
- -Let's suppose you buy an asset expected to increase in - value, say a Degas painting, and want to track this. (The - insurance company will care about this, even if nobody else - does.)
- -Properly tracking the continually-increasing value of the - Degas will require at least three, quite possibly the following - four accounts (plus a bank or cash account where the money for - the purchase comes from):
- -The accrued gains likely won't affect your taxable - income for income tax purposes, although it could - have some effect on property taxes.
- -The first thing you have to do is to create the asset - cost account, then transfer the sum you paid for this - painting from your bank account to this asset account to record - the purchase.
- -A month later, you have reason to suspect that the value of - your painting has increased by $1200. In order to record this - you transfer $1200 from your accrued gains on asset - income account to your asset account.
- -Your main window will resemble this:
-
-
- and your asset account will resemble this:
-
-
- Asset appreciation is a sort of income but it is - not cash in hand.
- -The people that got "rich" in 1999 from IPOs of - Linux-related companies like Red Hat Software and VA Linux - Systems could verify this. They hold options or stock that are - theoretically valued at millions of dollars USD.
- -That doesn't mean that they are actually millionaires; the - principal participants have to hold their stock for at least - six months before selling any of it. The fact that - they can't sell it means that while it may in theory - be worth millions of dollars on paper, there is, as of late - 1999, no way for them to legally get those - millions.
- -Let´s say another month later prices for Degas - paintings have gone up some more, in your case about $2500, you - estimate. You duly record these $2500 as an income like above, - then decide to sell the painting.
- -Now there arise three possibilities:
- -The income account is left alone (or perhaps gets - transferred from an Accrued Gain income to a - Realized Gain income account), and the recording is - rather like:
- -| Account | - -Amount | -
|---|---|
| Cash | - -$16055 | -
| Painting | - --$11000 | -
| Realized Gain Income | - --$5055 | -
And if any amounts had been accrued as Accrued - Gains, the asset amount should be closed out, offset - by a negative value for Accrued Gain - income. If the total that had been accrued was $5000, then - the transaction might look like the following:
- -| Account | - -Amount | -
|---|---|
| Cash | - -$16055 | -
| Painting | - --$11000 | -
| Accrued Gain Asset | - --$5000 | -
| Realized Gain Income | - --$5055 | -
| Accrued Gain Income | - -$5000 | -
Note that the two income accounts offset one another so - that the current income resulting from the - transaction is only $55. The remaining $5000 had previously - been recognized as Accrued Gain Income.
-Instead of the $16055 you thought the painting was - worth are only offered $15000. But you still decide to - sell, because you value $15000 more than you value the - painting.
- -The numbers change a little bit, but not too - dramatically.
- -| Account | - -Amount | -
|---|---|
| Cash | - -$15000 | -
| Painting | - --$11000 | -
| Accrued Gain Asset | - --$5000 | -
| Realized Gain Income | - --$4000 | -
| Accrued Gain Income | - -$5000 | -
Note that the two income accounts offset one another so - that the current income resulting from the - transaction turns out to be a loss of $1000. - That's fine, as you had previously recognized $5000 in - income.
-The extra value is, again, recorded as a gain, - i.e. an income.
- -| Account | - -Amount | -
|---|---|
| Cash | - -$50000 | -
| Painting | - --$11000 | -
| Accrued Gain Asset | - --$5000 | -
| Realized Gain Income | - --$39000 | -
| Accrued Gain Income | - -$5000 | -
In practice, it truly is important to keep the Accrued - Gain Income separate from the Realized Gain - Income, as the former is likely to be ignored by your tax - authorities, who will only care to charge you on the - Realized Gain.
- -Below, we show the second case discussed.
-
-
- As we see in this example, for non-financial assets, it may - be difficult to correctly estimate the ``true'' value of an - asset.
- -It is quite easy to count yourself rich based on - questionable estimates that do not reflect "money in the - bank."
- -Thus, when dealing with appreciation of assets,
- -Do not indulge in wishful thinking.
-Until you have actually sold your asset and got the - money, any numbers on paper (or magnetic patterns on your - hard disk) are merely that.
- -If you could realistically convince a banker to lend - you money, using the assets as collateral, that is a pretty - reasonable evidence that the assets have value, as lenders - are professionally suspicious of dubious overestimations of - value.
- -Be aware: all too many companies that appear - "profitable" on paper go out of business as a result of - running out of cash, precisely because "valuable - assets" were not the same thing as cash.
-Taxation policies vary considerably between countries, so - it is virtually impossible to say anything that will be - universally useful.
- -However, it is common for income generated by - capital gains to not be subject to taxation until the date that - the asset is actually sold, and sometimes not even then.
- -North American home owners usually find that when - they sell personal residences, capital gains that occur are - exempt from taxation. It appears that other countries treat - sale of homes differently, taxing people on such gains. German - authorities, for example, tax those gains only if you owned the - property for less than ten years.
- -I have one story - from my professional tax preparation days where a family sold a - farm, and expected a considerable tax bill that turned - out to be virtually nil due to having owned the property before - 1971 (wherein lies a critical "Valuation Day" date in Canada) - and due to it being a dairy farm, with some - really peculiar resulting deductions.
- -In short, this presentation is fairly simple, but taxation - often gets terribly complicated...
- -Compared to the often uncertain estimates one has to do - where appreciation of assets is concerned, we are on somewhat - firmer ground here.
- -Since depreciation of assets is very often driven by tax - policies, the discussion of depreciation will focus in that - direction, on some of the more common depreciation calculation - schemes.
- -While there has been some discussion about how to - accomplish automated calculation and creation of transactions - to handle things like depreciation, there is not yet any - working code, so for now, you will have to do calculations by - hand.
- -Linear depreciation diminishes the value of an asset by a - fixed amount each period until the net value is zero. This is - the simplest calculation, as you estimate a useful - lifetime, and simply divide the cost equally across that - lifetime.
- -Example: You have bought a computer for $1500 and
- wish to depreciate it over a period of 5 years. Each year the
- amount of depreciation is $300, leading to the following
- calculations:
-
| Year | - -Depreciation | - -Remaining Value | -
|---|---|---|
| 1 | - -300 | - -1200 | -
| 2 | - -300 | - -900 | -
| 3 | - -300 | - -600 | -
| 4 | - -300 | - -300 | -
| 5 | - -300 | - -0 | -
Each period the asset is depreciated by a fixed percentage - of its value in the previous period. In this scheme the rest - value of an asset decreases exponentially leaving a value at - the end that is larger than zero ( i.e. - a resale - value).
- -Beware: Tax authorities may require (or allow) a - larger percentage in the first period. On the other hand, - in Canada, this is reversed, as they permit only a - half share of "Capital Cost Allowance" in the first - year.
- -The result of this approach is that asset value decreases - more rapidly at the beginning than at the end which is - probably more realistic for most assets than a linear - scheme. This is certainly true for automobiles.
- -Example: We take the same example as above, - with an annual depreciation of 30%.
- -| Year | - -Depreciation | - -Remaining Value | -
|---|---|---|
| 1 | - -450 | - -1050 | -
| 2 | - -315 | - -735 | -
| 3 | - -220.50 | - -514.50 | -
| 4 | - -154.35 | - -360.15 | -
| 5 | - -108.05 | - -252.10 | -
A third method most often employed in Anglo/Saxon countries - is the "sum of digits" method. Here is an illustration:
- -Example: First you divide the asset value - by the sum of the years of use, e.g. for our example - from above with an asset worth $1500 that is used over a period - of five years you get 1500/(1+2+3+4+5)=100. Depreciation and - asset value are then calculated as follows:
- -| Year | - -Depreciation | - -Remaining Value | -
|---|---|---|
| 1 | - -100*5=500 | - -1000 | -
| 2 | - -100*4=400 | - -600 | -
| 3 | - -100*3=300 | - -300 | -
| 4 | - -100*2=200 | - -100 | -
| 5 | - -100*1=100 | - -0 | -
In order to keep track of the depreciation of an asset, you - need :
- -The first step, again, is to record the purchase of your - asset by transferring the money from bank bank account to the - asset cost account. Afterwards, in each accounting - period you record the depreciation as an expense in the - appropriate account.
- -The two windows below show your asset account and the main - window after the third year of depreciation using a "sum of - digits" scheme for the example above.
-
-
-
- Since depreciation and tax issues are closely related, you - may not always be free in chosing your preferred method. Fixing - wrong calculations will cost a whole lot more time and trouble - than getting the calculations right the first time, so if you - plan to depreciate assets, it is wise to make sure of the - schemes you will be permitted or required to use.
- -Return to Main Documentation - Page.
- - - diff --git a/Docs/C/xacc-bal_tracker.html b/Docs/C/xacc-bal_tracker.html deleted file mode 100644 index b62444939b..0000000000 --- a/Docs/C/xacc-bal_tracker.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,17 +0,0 @@ - - - - -FIXME: Document this report! -
Return to Main Documentation - Page.
- - - diff --git a/Docs/C/xacc-balsheet.html b/Docs/C/xacc-balsheet.html deleted file mode 100644 index daecaefe26..0000000000 --- a/Docs/C/xacc-balsheet.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,21 +0,0 @@ - - - - - -This report summarizes your assets, liabilities, and equity.
- -There are currently no options for this report, but the option - to specify a date for which the balance sheet is to be calculated - will be added soon.
- -Return to Main Documentation - Page.
- - diff --git a/Docs/C/xacc-currency.html b/Docs/C/xacc-currency.html deleted file mode 100644 index 2d37e1d143..0000000000 --- a/Docs/C/xacc-currency.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1209 +0,0 @@ - - - - -A Double Entry bookkeeping - system stores both values, and requires that all - transactions balance, as described in the Double Entry Identity.
- -When we introduce the notion of having multiple currencies, - or stocks that may vary in price, the identities get a little - more complicated, and we introduce the following formulae:
- -Thus, buying a widget in Japan (JPY) and using US Dollars - (USD) to pay for it would appear thus:
- --Date xfer from memo cost -1/5/99 [JPYAcct] Buy widget $1.00 - --
-Date xfer from memo purchase rate -1/5/99 [SpendAcct] Buy widget Y150 0.00667 - --
The engine links together all three of these values - (1.0, 150, 0.00667) permanently and makes it imposssible - to change one without changing another, so that the grand total - is always zero, thereby guaranteeing satisfaction of the double entry accounting - identity.
- -More currencies than you thought possible...
- -| ISO Code | - -Full Description | -
|---|---|
| - | -|
| ADP | - -Andoran peseta | -
| AED | - -United Arab Emirates Dirham | -
| AFA | - -Afghani | -
| ALL | - -Albanian Lek | -
| AMD | - -Armenian Dram | -
| ANG | - -West Indian Guilder | -
| AOK | - -Angolan Kwanza | -
| ARA | - -Argentinian Austral | -
| ARS | - -Argentina Peso | -
| ATS | - -Austrian Schilling | -
| AUD | - -Australian Dollar | -
| AWG | - -Aruban Guilder | -
| AZM | - -Azerbaijan Manat | -
| BAD | - -Bosnia-Herzogovinian Dinar | -
| BBD | - -Barbados Dollar | -
| BDT | - -Bangladesh Taka | -
| BEF | - -Belgian Franc | -
| BGL | - -Bulgarian Lev | -
| BHD | - -Bahrain Dinar | -
| BIF | - -Burundi Franc | -
| BMD | - -Bermudan Dollar | -
| BND | - -Brunei Dollar | -
| BOB | - -Bolivian Boliviano | -
| BRL | - -Brazilian Real | -
| BRR | - -Brazil | -
| BSD | - -Bahaman Dollar | -
| BWP | - -Botswana Pula | -
| BYR | - -Belorussian Ruble | -
| BZD | - -Belize Dollar | -
| CAD | - -Canadian Dollar | -
| CDP | - -Santo Domiongo | -
| CHF | - -Swiss Franc | -
| CLP | - -CHILEAN PESO | -
| CNY | - -China | -
| COP | - -Colombian Peso | -
| CRC | - -Costa Rica Colon | -
| CUP | - -Cuban Peso | -
| CVE | - -Cape Verde Escudo | -
| CYP | - -Cyprus Pound | -
| CZK | - -Czech Krona | -
| DEM | - -German Mark | -
| DJF | - -Djibouti Franc | -
| DKK | - -Danish Krone | -
| DOP | - -Dominican Peso | -
| DRP | - -Dominican Republic Peso | -
| DZD | - -Algerian Dinar | -
| ECS | - -ECUADORIAN SUCRE | -
| ECS | - -Ecuador Sucre | -
| ECU | - -European Currency Unit | -
| EEK | - -Estonian Krone | -
| EGP | - -Egyptian Pound | -
| ESP | - -Spanish Peseta | -
| ETB | - -Ethiopian Birr | -
| EUR | - -Currency of EMU member states | -
| FIM | - -Finnish Mark | -
| FJD | - -Fiji Dollar | -
| FKP | - -Falkland Pound | -
| FRF | - -French Franc | -
| GBP | - -British Pound | -
| GEK | - -Georgian Kupon | -
| GHC | - -Ghanian Cedi | -
| GIP | - -Gibraltar Pound | -
| GMD | - -Gambian Dalasi | -
| GNF | - -Guinea Franc | -
| GRD | - -Greek Drachma | -
| GTQ | - -Guatemalan Quedzal | -
| GWP | - -Guinea Peso | -
| GYD | - -Guyanese Dollar | -
| HKD | - -Hong Kong Dollar | -
| HNL | - -Honduran Lempira | -
| HRD | - -Croatian Dinar | -
| HTG | - -Haitian Gourde | -
| HUF | - -Hungarian forint | -
| IDR | - -Indeonesian Rupiah | -
| IEP | - -Irish Pound | -
| ILS | - -Israeli Scheckel | -
| INR | - -Indian Rupee | -
| IQD | - -Iraqui Dinar | -
| IRR | - -Iranian Rial | -
| ISK | - -Iceland Krona | -
| ITL | - -Italian Lira | -
| JMD | - -JAMAICAN DOLLAR | -
| JOD | - -Jordanian Dinar | -
| JPY | - -Japanese Yen | -
| KES | - -Kenyan Shilling | -
| KHR | - -Cambodian Riel | -
| KIS | - -Kirghizstan Som | -
| KMF | - -Comoros Franc | -
| KPW | - -North Korean Won | -
| KRW | - -South Korean Won | -
| KWD | - -Kuwaiti Dinar | -
| KYD | - -Cayman Dollar | -
| KZT | - -Kazakhstani Tenge | -
| LAK | - -Laotian Kip | -
| LBP | - -Lebanese Pound | -
| LKR | - -Sri Lankan Rupee | -
| LRD | - -Liberian Dollar | -
| LSL | - -Lesotho Loti | -
| LTL | - -Lithuanian Lita | -
| LUF | - -Luxembourgian Franc | -
| LVL | - -Latvian Lat | -
| LYD | - -Libyan Dinar | -
| MAD | - -Moroccan Dirham | -
| MDL | - -Moldavian Lei | -
| MGF | - -Madagascan Franc | -
| MNC | - -Monaco | -
| MNT | - -Mongolian Tugrik | -
| MOP | - -Macao Pataca | -
| MRO | - -Mauritanian Ouguiya | -
| MTL | - -Maltese Lira | -
| MUR | - -Mauritius Rupee | -
| MVR | - -Maldive Rufiyaa | -
| MWK | - -Malawi Kwacha | -
| MXN | - -Mexican Peso (new) | -
| MXP | - -Mexican Peso (old) | -
| MYR | - -Malaysian Ringgit | -
| MZM | - -Mozambique Metical | -
| NGN | - -Nigerian Naira | -
| NIC | - -Nicaragua | -
| NIO | - -Nicaraguan Cordoba | -
| NIS | - -Isreal | -
| NLG | - -Dutch Guilder | -
| NOK | - -Norwegian Krone | -
| NPR | - -Nepalese Rupee | -
| NZD | - -New Zealand Dollars | -
| OMR | - -Omani Rial | -
| PAB | - -Panamanian Balboa | -
| PEI | - -Peruvian Inti | -
| PEN | - -Peruvian Sol - New | -
| PES | - -Peruvian Sol | -
| PGK | - -Papua New Guinea Kina | -
| PHP | - -Philippino Peso | -
| PKR | - -Pakistan Rupee | -
| PLN | - -Polish Zloty | -
| PLZ | - -Poland | -
| PTE | - -Portuguese Escudo | -
| PYG | - -Paraguayan Guarani | -
| QAR | - -Qatar Riyal | -
| RMB | - -Chinese Renminbi Yuan | -
| ROL | - -Roumanian Lei | -
| RUR | - -Russian Rouble | -
| RWF | - -Rwanda Franc | -
| SAR | - -Saudi Riyal | -
| SBD | - -Solomon Islands Dollar | -
| SCR | - -Seychelles Rupee | -
| SDP | - -Sudanese Pound | -
| SEK | - -Swedish Krona | -
| SGD | - -Singapore Dollar | -
| SHP | - -St.Helena Pound | -
| SIT | - -Slovenian Tolar | -
| SKK | - -Slovakian Krona | -
| SLL | - -Leone | -
| SOL | - -Peru | -
| SOS | - -Somalian Shilling | -
| SRG | - -Surinam Guilder | -
| STD | - -Sao Tome / Principe Dobra | -
| SUR | - -Russian Ruble (old) | -
| SVC | - -El Salvador Colon | -
| SYP | - -Syrian Pound | -
| SZL | - -Swaziland Lilangeni | -
| THB | - -Thailand Baht | -
| TJR | - -Tadzhikistani Ruble | -
| TMM | - -Turkmenistani Manat | -
| TND | - -Tunisian Dinar | -
| TOP | - -Tongan Pa'anga | -
| TPE | - -Timor Escudo | -
| TRL | - -Turkish Lira | -
| TTD | - -Trinidad and Tobago Dollar | -
| TWD | - -New Taiwan Dollar | -
| TZS | - -Tanzanian Shilling | -
| UAK | - -Ukrainian Karbowanez | -
| UGS | - -Ugandan Shilling | -
| USD | - -American Dollar | -
| UYP | - -Uruguayan New Peso | -
| UYU | - -Uruguay | -
| VEB | - -Venezuelan Bolivar | -
| VND | - -Vietnamese Dong | -
| VUV | - -Vanuatu Vatu | -
| WST | - -Samoan Tala | -
| XAF | - -Gabon C.f.A Franc | -
| XCD | - -East Carribean Dollar | -
| XOF | - -Benin C.f.A. Franc | -
| YER | - -Yemeni Ryal | -
| ZAR | - -South African Rand | -
| ZMK | - -Zambian Kwacha | -
| ZRZ | - -Zaire | -
| ZWD | - -Zimbabwean Dollar | -
Return to Main Documentation - Page.
- - - diff --git a/Docs/C/xacc-date.html b/Docs/C/xacc-date.html deleted file mode 100644 index 8231fcb877..0000000000 --- a/Docs/C/xacc-date.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,45 +0,0 @@ - - - - -Return to Main Documentation - Page.
- - - diff --git a/Docs/C/xacc-double.html b/Docs/C/xacc-double.html deleted file mode 100644 index 5ada2964fa..0000000000 --- a/Docs/C/xacc-double.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,156 +0,0 @@ - - - - -Double entry bookkeeping is an accounting methodology - introduced in the 13th century to to make sure that each - accounts and indeed each transaction is properly - balanced.
- -When these are all required to balance, the likelihood of - data-entry errors is greatly reduced. For large, complex sets - of accounts with many transactions, it is distressingly easy to - make errors that may go undetected for a long time, and be - appallingly difficult to track down, even when double-entry - bookkeeping is used.
- -A double-entry transaction is a transaction that contains - entries for two (or more) accounts that balance against one - another. One account is debited by an amount exactly - equal to what the other is credited. By ensuring that - each transaction balances, a balanced set of accounts is - guaranteed. This doesn't prevent you from having errors, but - certainly eliminates the large class of I forgot to enter - that part of the transaction errors.
- -Double-entry may be introduced in a more intuitive way via - the notion of a transfer from one bank account to another, - where an amount is taken out of one bank account and deposited - in the other. This is effectively the "rule" of double entry - accounting; if you add something in to one account, you - have to have another component to that transaction to - balance this.
- -Not-quite-an-aside: If you look at your bank - statements, they are typically written up from the - bank's perspective, which is exactly opposite to - yours. For instance, when you put money in, establishing a - deposit, this establishes a DEBT on their part.
- -The perhaps less obvious extension is the notion that - double entry can be used to represent income and expenses as - well as bank transfers. See the - Income/Expense page for a more detailed discussion of - that.
- - - -The fact that the identity requires merely that the - total balances means that it is a little bit misleading to - call this double-entry bookkeeping; it would be - somewhat more accurate to call it multiple-entry - bookkeeping. Unfortunately, there's 700 years of history of use - of the term, which sufficiently discourages changing it. (And - some people think that UNIX has some crufty old bits of - oddness. Hah!)
- -GnuCash treats "Debits" as positive values, and "Credits" - as negative values, so that this identity simplifies to - value1 + value2 + value3 + ... - = 0
- -To create a double-entry transaction:
- -A menu will drop down, listing all of the accounts from - which a transfer may be made.
-When you record the transaction, the double-entry will - automatically be made, and the transaction automatically - appear in all windows showing the transferred-from and the - transferred-to accounts.
-To change a double-entry transaction:
- -Simply edit the transaction in any window in which it - appears.
- -Any changes made will be automatically reflected in both - accounts and all windows displaying the transaction.
- -Similarly, when a double-entry transaction is deleted, the - "splits" will be deleted from both accounts, and balances will - automatically be recalculated for both accounts.
- -To change the transfer account, simply select a new account - from the pull-down menu. When you record the transaction, it - will automatically be selected from the old account, and - inserted into the new account.
- -GnuCash can be configured to be strict about double entry, - or you may configure it to be "loose."
- -In "loose" mode, you can create unbalanced - transactions, that is, transactions where the "splits" - don't balance to zero. That discards the validation that comes - from using the more strict double entry scheme, which is - probably not a really wise move. In effect:
- -But if you decide to "outsmart the system," and have a - number of unbalanced transactions, you'll probably want to - clean this up at some point. To clean up these unbalanced - transactions, you Scrub the account clean by choosing - Scrub from the window menu. This will examine each - transaction; if the transaction doesn't balance, a split entry - will be created and placed into an account named - Unbalanced. You may then review these splits and move them - to their proper accounts.
-Return to Main Documentation - Page.
- - - diff --git a/Docs/C/xacc-expense.html b/Docs/C/xacc-expense.html deleted file mode 100644 index 4a5174f652..0000000000 --- a/Docs/C/xacc-expense.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,209 +0,0 @@ - - - - - -The words "Income" and "Expense" are beguilingly simple; - everyone thinks they know what they mean; this - usually is that When I spend something, this is an - expense, and when I get money, this is an income.
- -This oversimplifies things somewhat; it is often a - good-enough approximation when doing personal accounting, - but when running a business, incomes and expenses often have be - recognized as having occurred when some "critical event" takes - place that may not perfectly correspond to "when cash comes in - or goes out."
- -For instance, companies usually have to recognize income - when the sale occurs. That may mean that I have to - recognize a $100,000 sale at the moment I and the customer - shake hands on the deal.
- -Since the money hasn't come in, the sale has to be - estimated in other way; the way this is done is to - accrue a sale at that time, and in making the transaction - balance, rather than adding something in to cash, I'd add the - $100,000 sale to Accounts Receivable.
- -In a double entry system, two kinds of accounts must be - created: some of type "Income" and others of type "Expense." - (There tend to be a lot more different kinds of expenses than - there are of incomes.)
- -Income such as salary, wages, bank interest and stock - dividends are then recorded as transfers from an income account - to a bank (or, in general, some asset) account. Similarly, - expenses are recorded as transfers from a credit card account - (or, in general, a liability account).
- -Another way of describing the requirement for "double - entry" is that when you receive an income, two things - happen:
- -When, for instance, salary is deposited in a bank account, - the bank account is credited, and the income account is - debited, thus:
- -| Account | - -Debit | - -Credit | -
|---|---|---|
| Chequing Account | - -1,600.00 | - -- | -
| Salary | - -- | - -1,600.00 | -
This may be readily extended to a greater number of "split" - items thus:
- -| Account | - -Debit | - -Credit | -
|---|---|---|
| Chequing Account | - -1,300.00 | - -- | -
| Income Taxes | - -200.00 | - -- | -
| Health Plan | - -100.00 | - -- | -
| Salary | - -- | - -1,600.00 | -
There may be a whole lot more than two entries in the - transaction, but the total sum of the Debits, $1,600.00, still - equals the total sum of the credits, $1,600.00.
- -If, as with GnuCash, everything is forced onto one - column, so that debits are represented by positive - values, and credits are represented by negative values, - the income/expense accounts do a slightly non-intuitive thing - and you see incomes as negative values. That - appears contrary to intuition, but is nonetheless - necessary in order for the - double-entry bookkeeping identity to hold true.
- -Another way in which income and expense accounts are - special is that their account totals do not directly appear on - a balance sheet. A balance sheet shows "Net Worth": the sum of - all assets minus all liabilities.
- -Income and expenses are neither assets nor liabilities, and - so do not appear on the balance sheet. What appears on the - balance sheet is their effects on equity.
- -There is a separate report, a "Profit and Loss" (P&L) - report, to analyze income and expenses. The total profit (or - loss) is calculated as total income less total expenses. In a - nicely symmetrical fashion, since assets and liabilities are - neither income or expenses, they correspondingly do - not appear on a P&L statement.
- -Even though these accounts may be somewhat "special", you - do not need to do anything particularly special to use income - and expense accounts. GnuCash handles the values automatically, - so that if you record properly the effects of the transactions - on your bank account or credit card, the income/expense side of - the transaction should also be handled correctly.
- -The time when things get "peculiar," and when you need to - more deeply understand this, is when amounts are transferred - between income/expense accounts. (The causes for such - transfers tend to be somewhat peculiar, so it's pretty fair for - this to be a pretty odd situation.)
- -To use an income/expense account, simply create one from - the "New Account" dialogue window, and then be sure to transfer - income/expenses to it as you record paychecks, interest, - etc.
- -You will doubtless wish to create quite a number of income - and expense accounts; it may be worth looking at the Sample Chart of Accounts - for ideas.
- -This partitioning of incomes and expenses is likely to - prove particularly useful for North Americans when income - tax time rolls around.
- -If you have used other personal finance software, be aware - that Quicken calls - them "Categories."
-Return to Main Documentation - Page.
- - - diff --git a/Docs/C/xacc-globalprefs.html b/Docs/C/xacc-globalprefs.html deleted file mode 100644 index 7adc8b9d21..0000000000 --- a/Docs/C/xacc-globalprefs.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ - - - - -You can customize the behaviour of - GnuCash by changing the settings in this dialog box.All settings - are automatically saved so changes are preserved for future - sessions.
- -To change settings, simply click to select the appropriate - page, then make appropriate changes, and click the "Apply" - button to see - your changes take effect. Clicking "OK" applies changes, then - closes the properties dialog box. - them. The "Close" button simply closes the dialog box without - applying the latest changes.
- -The settings are grouped into the following categories:
-Return to Main Documentation - Page.
- - - diff --git a/Docs/C/xacc-globalprops.html b/Docs/C/xacc-globalprops.html deleted file mode 100644 index 7adc8b9d21..0000000000 --- a/Docs/C/xacc-globalprops.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ - - - - -You can customize the behaviour of - GnuCash by changing the settings in this dialog box.All settings - are automatically saved so changes are preserved for future - sessions.
- -To change settings, simply click to select the appropriate - page, then make appropriate changes, and click the "Apply" - button to see - your changes take effect. Clicking "OK" applies changes, then - closes the properties dialog box. - them. The "Close" button simply closes the dialog box without - applying the latest changes.
- -The settings are grouped into the following categories:
-Return to Main Documentation - Page.
- - - diff --git a/Docs/C/xacc-gpl.html b/Docs/C/xacc-gpl.html deleted file mode 100644 index 491ba2c470..0000000000 --- a/Docs/C/xacc-gpl.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,341 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - -Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim - copies of this license document, but changing it is not - allowed.
-The licenses for most software are designed to take away - your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU - General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to - share and change free software--to make sure the software is - free for all its users. This General Public License applies to - most of the Free Software Foundation's software and to any - other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other - Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library - General Public License instead.) You can apply it to your - programs, too.
- -When we speak of free software, we are referring to - freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to - make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of - free software (and charge for this service if you wish), that - you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you - can change the software or use pieces of it in new free - programs; and that you know you can do these things.
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- -Activities other than copying, distribution and - modification are not covered by this License; they are outside - its scope. The act of running the Program is not restricted, - and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents - constitute a work based on the Program (independent of having - been made by running the Program). Whether that is true depends - on what the Program does.
- -1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the - Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, - provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on - each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of - warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this - License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other - recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the - Program.
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- -2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any - portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and - copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms - of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these - conditions:
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-8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is - restricted in certain countries either by patents or by - copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who - places the Program under this License may add an explicit - geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, - so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries - not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the - limitation as if written in the body of this License.
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- -10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into - other free programs whose distribution conditions are - different, write to the author to ask for permission. For - software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, - write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make - exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two - goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our - free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of - software generally.
- -11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE - IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY - APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE - COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS - IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, - INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF - MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE - ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS - WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE - COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
- -12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED - TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO - MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, - BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, - INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR - INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS - OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED - BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE - WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY - HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
- -Return to Main Documentation - Page.
- - - diff --git a/Docs/C/xacc-groups.html b/Docs/C/xacc-groups.html deleted file mode 100644 index 050a83db1f..0000000000 --- a/Docs/C/xacc-groups.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,377 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - -Typically accounts are arranged as a tree, in hierarchical - form.
- -The main branches represent entire categories or groups, - while the leaves of the tree denote individual bank accounts or - expense categories.
- -When a summary report is requested, typically only the main - branches are shown in the report, rather than the individual - accounts. For example, a chart of accounts might look like the - following:
-- 300 Expenses - | - +--310 Living Expenses - | | - | +--311 Beer - | | - | +--312 Cable - | - +--320 Business Expenses - | | - | +--321 8-inch Floppies - | | - : : -- -
Note that accounts not only have names; they have - codes, in order to provide order. When a report - is generated, the sort order is determined - by the numbering.
- -A sensible hierarchy generally will have the "leaf" - accounts end in non-zero digits, whilst parent nodes have - increasing numbers of zeros. For instance, "cash" accounts - might logically be arranged thus:
- -When you create a new - account, GnuCash offers a guess at what an appropriate - account code might be; you are free to change this. GnuCash - does not prevent duplicate numbering, although we would - encourage you to avoid this. Account codes are treated as - numbers in base-36, thus, if you run out of numbers, you - can use the letters, a through z.
- -A "typical" chart of accounts is shown below. Each - account is of a given account - type. This example is a combination of some typical - business and personal accounts.
- >>>>>>> 1.2 - -Return to Main Documentation - Page.
- - - diff --git a/Docs/C/xacc-main.html b/Docs/C/xacc-main.html deleted file mode 100644 index 84d6fe7347..0000000000 --- a/Docs/C/xacc-main.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,105 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - -The following documentation is about the - implementation of GnuCash as opposed to being user - documentation on how to use it.
- -Some of it represents preliminary documentation for - subsystems that are not yet sufficiently functional for use by - end users.
- -The reporting subsystem is presently undergoing active - development; documentation should eventually include:
- -This is the main account window. You control your set of - accounts from here.
- -Below is a picture of the main window, with only the main - accounts shown. Note how Business Expenses has been selected by - highlighting. The box with a cross in it, - immediately to its left, shows that it has one - or more detail accounts that are not shown at present. - To show them, click on this box.
- - 
-
Here is the main window, with the detail accounts - showing.
- -
- 
-
The Open Subaccounts menu item is interesting only - if you choose an account with sub-accounts (detail accounts). - Accounts with sub-accounts will always have a box on thier - left. By choosing the Open Subaccounts menu item, a - general ledger window is opened, which displays all - transactions for the lead and the detail accounts. Note that - the general ledger window is more complicated and harder to use - than the individual account registers. The general ledger - window allows a more comprehensive overview of accounts in a - smaller space. Because of its increased complexity, it use is - recommended only for accounting experts.
- -Return to Main Documentation - Page.
- - - diff --git a/Docs/C/xacc-pnl.html b/Docs/C/xacc-pnl.html deleted file mode 100644 index 1f41177748..0000000000 --- a/Docs/C/xacc-pnl.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,20 +0,0 @@ - - - - - -This report summarizes your sources of income and expenditure.
- -There are currently no options for this report, but the option - to specify an accounting period will be added soon.
- -Return to Main Documentation - Page.
- - diff --git a/Docs/C/xacc-print-check.html b/Docs/C/xacc-print-check.html deleted file mode 100644 index 7c148ece69..0000000000 --- a/Docs/C/xacc-print-check.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,97 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - -You may print a GnuCash transaction as a check by selecting - "Print Check" from the Transaction menu in a register display - window. - -
In the Print Check dialog, select the style of check form that - you wish to use, the position of the check on the page, and the - format for printing the date on the check. Clicking OK - will take you to the GnuCash Printing - dialog, which will allow you to preview the check, select a - printer and paper size, and start the print job. - -
In order to print a check, it is necessary to know where the - pre-printed lines and boxes are on the check form. There are two - widely-used standard check formats: Quicken/QuickBooks (tm) - compatible, and Microsoft Money (tm) compatible. - -
By default, the check format is Quicken/QuickBooks, - which prints to any Quicken-compatible check forms. - -
If you wish to print to a type of check form that is not in - the Check Format option menu, select Custom in - the format menu and enter the positions of the various check - fields in the entry boxes below. - -
Positions in the Custom Check Format entry area are specified - with x = 0 at the left edge of the check with x increasing to the - right, and y = 0 at the bottom edge of the check with y increasing - as you travel up. Numbers may be entered as integer or floating - point values. The length units specified in the Units - option menu are used to interpret all values entered in the custom - check format area. - -
If you arrive at a working set of Custom Check Format - parameters for a commercially-available printable check form, - please submit them to gnucash-devel@gnucash.org so we can - include them as standard in a future release. - -
Printable check forms are available in several styles. In - general, each printable sheet is divided into three sections, and - each section can be either a check or a stub. The Check Position - option menu allows you to select which section of the page - contains the check you wish to print to. Top, - Middle, and Bottom should be defined correctly - for check forms using the paper size that you select in the - printing dialog. - -
If the preset check positions do not work correctly for your - check forms, you may choose Custom from the Check - Position option menu and enter a position for the check in the - Check Position entry. Enter the distance along the left - edge of the paper from the lower left-hand corner of the page to - the lower left-hand corner of the check. The units of this - measurement are those selected in the "Units" option menu. - -
Select your preferred date format from the picker. The picker - shows a sample date of "December 31, 2000" for all formats, but - your date will be substituted when printing. - -
The "MM/DD/YY" and "DD/MM/YY" formats are available, but they - are strongly discouraged since they cannot always be - distinguished from each other. Please use a format with a full - or abbreviated month name instead of a number. - -
If you wish to use another date format besides those available - in the picker, select Custom and enter a - date-formatting string in the Date Format entry in the - custom settings area. If custom date format is selected, this - string is passed to strftime(3) as a format specifier. - - - - diff --git a/Docs/C/xacc-print.html b/Docs/C/xacc-print.html deleted file mode 100644 index 4e85d84e49..0000000000 --- a/Docs/C/xacc-print.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,52 +0,0 @@ - - - -
- - -At present, the only type of printing directly supported by - GnuCash is check printing. - Other types of printing are expected to be supported soon. - -
You may create a printout of the register - window contents by opening a register window and selecting - Print... To File from the File menu. - Reports can also be - exported as HTML. - -
Following the latest fashionable trends of Internet - Hype, GnuCash can also act as a cheesy web server!
- -Return to Main Documentation - Page.
- - - diff --git a/Docs/C/xacc-qif-import.html b/Docs/C/xacc-qif-import.html deleted file mode 100644 index 340d41279f..0000000000 --- a/Docs/C/xacc-qif-import.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,455 +0,0 @@ - - - - -Quicken is one of the best-selling programs in the history of -the Universe. Pretty much everyone that has owned a PC or Mac since -the late 80's has had a copy of it lying around somewhere, and lots of -people actually use it to keep track of their finances. Why? Because -it works pretty well and Intuit has (to their credit) done a good job -of keeping up with what people want the program to do. - -
They've done such a good job, in fact, that lots of Linux folks -keep a Windows partition on their machine just so they can run Quicken -and the latest shoot-em-up games. So of course we want to give you a -way to suck all your Quicken data into GnuCash and remove one more -barrier to putting a nice ext2 filesystem on that Windows partition. - -
The problem is that GnuCash is a real double-entry accounting -system and Quicken has a pretty simplistic view about what an account -is, what a transaction is, and what to save in data files. In short, -QIF files just don't contain enough information to completely and -accurately reconstruct your Quicken account hierarchy in the GnuCash -double entry system without some guessing by the import code and some -handholding by you. QIF files omit small things that can be easily -guessed (for instance, are numbers in decimal-radix [1,000.00 == 1000] -form or European comma-radix form [1.000,00 == 1000]? Are dates m/d/y -or y/m/d?) and big things that can't be easily guessed, like, for -example, what currency the file is denominated in, or what account the -file describes. - -
For the most part, GnuCash's QIF importer does a good job of -figuring this stuff out, but you do have to keep an eye on it. The -system is designed so that you can correct problems BEFORE you make -changes to your GnuCash accounts; nothing is done to your GnuCash -accounts until you click the final "OK" button. - -
In the next section, I'll give an overview of the QIF file and -its "features". This may seem unnecessarily technical, but if you -will at least glance through it you will be much better able to -understand what's going on if you are having to jump through hoops to -make things work right, and how you might be able to jump right in and -edit the QIF file to fix really tough problems. - -
There are two major "paths" for using the GnuCash QIF importer. -One is the "I am a Quicken user just migrating to GnuCash" path; the -other is the "I am downloading some updates from my bank as a QIF -file" path. This document mainly focuses on the former case, since -new users are likely to need the most help and you can't get started -using GnuCash until you can get your old records in. - -
Table of Contents
-
- Introduction to the QIF file
-
-
QIF files are plain text files formatted as "tag-value" pairs. -At the beginning of each line there is a single character "tag" -followed immedately by the "value", which extends to the end of the -line. Don't be afraid to pop up a QIF file in "less" or the text -editor of your choice if you are having problems getting some Quicken -data imported correctly; chances are a simple search-and-replace will -fix just about any problem you might have with a QIF file. And a -regexp search-and-replace will get the rest. - -
Collections of tag-value pairs form records of various types. -There are records to store the names and descriptions of your accounts -and of expense and income categories that you have defined in Quicken. -There are records to define Quicken "classes" (sort of like -sub-accounts, sort of like categories, but not exactly like either). -And there are records to describe transactions. - -
Here's a typical Quicken transaction record: -
- !Type:Bank - D6/20/97 - T-500 - N1012 - C* - M - P - L[Visa] - ^ -- -
The ! tag denotes the start of a section of records of a -certain type. In this case, Bank transactions. Type:Cat means -a section of Category descriptions, Account means account -descriptions, and so on. - -
The D tag denotes the date. Note y2k compliance "issue". -Here's a lovely "feature" of some version of Quicken and dates in -2000: -
- D1/ 1' 0 - T-640.00 - CX - N511 - PJoe Bob - LRent:Apartment - ^ -- -
Ouch! Fortunately the GnuCash QIF importer can handle all of -the wacky date formats that the gnucash-devel list can find. - -
The T field is the "Total" amount of the transaction. If there -are splits, the sum of all the split amounts is in a T field. Money -going out of the account is negative. - -
The N field is a "Number", which is usually a check number or -some other identifying number for the transaction. - -
The C field represents the clearing/reconciliation state of the -transaction. An x or X in this field means the transaction is -"Cleared", a * means the transaction is Reconciled. - -
The M field is the transaction memo. - -
The P field is the Payee. - -
The L field is the Category/Account line. If the value in this -field is enclosed in square brackets, like [Visa], this transaction is -a transfer to the Quicken account named Visa. If there are no square -brackets, the transaction is in the named Category (like -Rent:Apartment). - -
The ^ tag means End of Record. - -
Quicken users taking advantage of Classes will see a slash (/) -character followed by the class name appended on the Category line -(like [Visa]/Project) - -
If a transaction has "splits", meaning that it is a single -transaction with "this" account but is "split" into multiple -source/destination accounts, the splits are described with S fields -for the category/account/class of each split, an $ field for the -amount of the split, and an E field for a per-split memo. The total -of all the $ fields in a transaction record should equal the T field. - -
Note that nowhere in the transaction record, nor anywhere -else in the file, does Quicken store the name of the account that the -file describes. Don't ask me, I don't know why either. Microsoft -Money (which also can save QIF files) started doing a "trick" to get -the information in the file. If the very first Bank transaction in -the file has a payee of "Opening Balance", the L line contains the -name of the account that the file describes: -
- !Type:Bank - D12/03/95 - T4,706.57 - CX - POpening Balance - L[New Bank] - ^ --
Opening Balance records are handled specially, since they don't -mean what they appear to mean (if you interpret the record literally, -as a transfer of $4706.57 from [New Bank] to [New Bank], your new -balance is a whopping $0.00). In the -Accounts Tab section there's a discussion -of what we do with them. - -
Table of Contents
-
- How to use the QIF Import dialog
-
-
QIF files describe only one account, and try to be "complete" -in representing all the transactions involving that account. This is -fine if you only have one account, but if you have multiple Quicken -accounts and transfers between them, transactions will show up in -multiple files. This means that if you aren't smart about catching -duplicate transactions you will end up with wrong balances in GnuCash. -Definitely a bad thing. - -
In order to get the best possible replication of your Quicken -account tree, export everything you can from Quicken and then import -it all in one session. The importer's -Files tab will allow you to load -as many QIF files as you want, and to make sure that the currency, -Quicken account name, and so on are right for each one. Then the -importer can do a really good job of catching cross-references and -marking them. - -
The importer is written mostly in Guile, and it can be a little -slow on large QIF files. Load File takes 5-6 seconds for a QIF file -with 1000 or so transactions on my machine. - -
Once you have loaded all the files into the importer, go to the -Accounts tab, and then to the -Categories tab, and check that the -importer is going to put your Quicken transactions in the right place. -You can click to pop up a dialog and change the GnuCash destination -account name/type for any QIF account. Don't be afraid to change -these destination accounts; they are only guesses by the importer -based on the name and type of the QIF account. Mappings of Quicken -account to GnuCash account are written to a preferences file when you -click "OK", so if you import other Quicken files describing these same -accounts you won't have to correct the importer again. - -
Make sure (especially in the Accounts tab) that the QIF account -names and transaction counts make sense to you. If you see that one -QIF account is mentioned by two different names, make sure that the -"QIF Account" for every file in the Files tab is what you meant it to -be. If the QIF Account for a file is wrong, the importer won't be -able to match up transfers correctly and your balances will be wrong. -If a QIF Account for a file is wrong, select the file in the Files tab, -unmark the "Auto" checkbox, and edit the text box to contain the right -name, then click "Load File" again. You will be asked to confirm a -reload of the file and then it will be done. Flip back to the -Accounts tab, see if that fixed the problem, repeat as necessary. - -
When you are happy with the account mappings (double check -them, and make sure to save your GnuCash session first just to be -sure), then and only then click OK. If you click Cancel at any time, -your accounts will not be touched. - -
Again, the importer is written mostly in Guile, and it can be a -little slow on large QIF files. It takes 3-4 seconds to stuff 1000 -transactions into GnuCash on a Celeron 433, proportionately longer on -slower CPUs. You only have to do a large import like that a few -times, fortunately, so I'm not too worried about it. - -
Table of Contents
-
- The first thing to do is load all your files. Click "Select
-File", pick your file, then set the account, currency, radix, and date
-fields, then click "Load File". The Currency field defaults to the
-GnuCash default currency (set in the International tab of the
-Preferences dialog). Try autodetecting radix, date format, and
-account name first. The radix and date formats will stay on
-"Autodetect" if the autodetector is not 100 percent sure of the right
-answer; in that case, you will have to make a manual selection. You
-probably know what the correct radix format is; if you're in the US or
-the UK, it's definitely "decimal". Almost every QIF file I have seen
-in the US is m/d/y for the date format, so try that if autodetect
-doesn't work.
-
- To go back to a file that you have previously loaded, select
-its name in the file list on the left. If you change settings for a
-previously-loaded file, click "Load File" again to reload it with new
-settings. Don't forget to turn off "Auto" on the QIF Account entry if
-you manually enter it.
-
- If there's no Opening Balance record in the file, the account
-name is guessed from the file name: any .qif extension is removed, and
-all dashes and underscores are changed to spaces. If you want to save
-yourself manually re-entering the name, save the file with a name that
-will get guessed correctly (i.e. save the account "My Bank Account" as
-My-Bank-Account.qif or My_Bank_Account.qif).
-
- GnuCash makes a hearty effort to interpret any QIF file that
-you throw at it, but you need to make sure that it's a normal DOS or
-Unix text file before trying to import. The Mac version of Quicken
-saves files with Macintosh newline conventions, which really confuses
-the Guile reader. Macintoshes use the carriage-return only (which
-usually prints as ^M), and the Unix convention requires a line feed
-(usually prints as ^J). You can use "tr" to fix this problem, or a
-search and replace in your favorite text editor. With tr,
-the command might look like
- Table of Contents
-
- Each line in the Accounts tab display represents a mapping from
-a Quicken account to a GnuCash account. Similarly, the Categories tab
-display shows mappings from Quicken categories to GnuCash
-accounts. Only QIF accounts referenced by one or more transaction
-records are displayed. The name of the GnuCash account is displayed
-in "full name" format, including the names of all parent accounts
-separated by your default separator character (generally ":").
-
- The first thing to check is the column of Quicken account
-names. Make sure there are no duplicates with slightly-different
-names. If a QIF transaction makes a transfer to [My Checking], and
-you imported a file called my-checking.qif, you might have one account
-entry for "my checking" and one for "My Checking". If these are the
-same account, you need to go back to the Files tab and reload
-my-checking.qif with the correct Quicken account name, My Checking.
-
- Once you have all the Quicken accounts making sense, check the
-GnuCash account column. The default GnuCash account for a given
-Quicken account is determined by a fallback procedure which makes the
-best guess it can given the available information. The guesses that
-are tried are (in order of preference):
-
- Check both the name of the GnuCash account for each QIF account
-and the type. If you are unhappy with either, click on the row in the
-display containing the offensive mapping. You will see the
-Account Picker dialog which will allow you
-to change it.
-
- Table of Contents
-
- This account picker is sort of broken. The idea is that you
-can select an existing account from the tree display, or enter
-information for a new account in the boxes below. However, right now
-it's possible to do Very Bad things like specify a subaccount of an
-existing account with a type that's not compatible with the parent.
-As soon as I figure out how I want this dialog to work I'll fix it. I
-have tested out the worst things that you can do and nothing terrible
-happens, except your account tree might be in a state that you could
-never have created through the GUI (a Credit Card account as a child
-of a Bank account, for example). Don't do that. I'll fix it Real
-Soon.
-
- Table of Contents
-
- Everything really happens when you hit the "OK" button, so it
-gets a section to itself.
- Table of Contents
-
- If your Quicken files have "Opening Balance" records, you will
-see an account called "Opening Balance" in the Accounts tab.
-Accounting for the source of opening balances is sort of a hassle,
-when you think about it, because they come from accounts that are
-outside the scope of the GnuCash universe. The suggestion I've seen
-on the gnucash-devel list is to make Opening Balances point to a
-GnuCash account called "Retained Earnings", of type Equity. I don't
-exactly understand this but it seems reasonable, and it's the default
-for accounts called "Opening Balance".
-
- In the Categories display, you may notice a blank QIF Category
-entry. Quicken transactions are not required to have a Category, but
-GnuCash transactions are required to have a source and a destination.
-The blank category lets you select which GnuCash account all
-uncategorized transactions go to. This will generally be
-miscellaneous checks you have written, cash withdrawals, and so on, so
-you probably want to put these in a "Misc Expenses" account or
-something similar. It may make sense to put this in an equity
-account; let me know if there's a good explanation for how it should
-be.
-
- Quicken stock transactions have a recognizable pattern for
-dividend payments. If the importer can definitely tell that a
-transaction is a transfer from dividends then it will default to
-creating a "Dividend" income account. This category is usually not
-present in the Quicken file, so it's being manufactured out of
-nowhere.
-
- Quicken has the abstraction of a single account representing a
-"fund family" for the purpose of allowing smooth transfers between the
-various accounts administered within the family. The GnuCash Importer
-will ALWAYS get this wrong the first time, because Quicken explicitly
-puts the wrong information in the file. The "blanket" account
-representing the fund family as a whole should probably be a Bank
-account, since the transfers to and from it in the Quicken file are
-denominated in currency, not shares. The balance of such an account
-is supposed to always be 0 since you just use it as an intermediary
-between two accounts in the family. Hopefully I'll fix this at some
-point if someone tells me how it's supposed to work.
-
- Brokerage accounts are really confusing to me. Basically, my
-thinking is that the brokerage account itself should probably be a
-Bank account. The only wierdness is in stuff like dividends paid from
-securities to the brokerage account. If you're using a Dividend
-account, you can lose the information about where the dividend came
-from. The importer tries to save this information by putting the
-security name in the Payee slot (which shows up in the GnuCash
-Description field for the transaction). If you have a better idea,
-let me know.
-
-
-
-
diff --git a/Docs/C/xacc-quicken.html b/Docs/C/xacc-quicken.html
deleted file mode 100644
index 0b6c6a7bf3..0000000000
--- a/Docs/C/xacc-quicken.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,172 +0,0 @@
-
-
-
- Not all accounting systems use the same words to describe
- the same concepts. The following are some notes that may be
- helpful to users accustomed to Intuit's products. What Quicken calls Categories are really just Income/Expense accounts. Thus, if
- you are used to specifying a category in Quicken, just create
- an income/expense account of the same name in GnuCash, and use
- that as the name of the account. Note that the QIF format is representive of a somewhat
- peculiar data model that is not as expressive as one might
- wish; it requires dumping out a separate data file for each
- account, rather than permitting you to have one file that
- represents all of the accounts you might have had in
- Quicken. Furthermore, while there are plans to do so in the future,
- there is not, at this point, a way of mapping the account or
- category names used in Quicken to a different set of
- account names that you might be using in GnuCash. As a result, please read this section carefully. You may be
- somewhat disappointed with the results of a QIF import; this
- will at least give you some more accurate expectations as to
- what will happen. To create a set of Quicken QIF files, perform the
- following procedure: It works on Wine,
- Caldera's Wabi, and doubtless on VMWare, so this may not
- forcibly require that you run Windows. Quicken can only export one account to each data file,
- which means that if you have many accounts, this may prove
- to be a somewhat tedious process. (On the other hand, it
- should be a whole lot less tedious than entering
- the data from scratch.) This will provide a dialog that requests a filename,
- effective dates, as well as a series of checkboxes,
- including Transactions, Accounts List,
- Category List, and so forth. For best results, you should make sure that those three
- are checked. If you do not check the Accounts
- List box, then the name of your account will likely be
- lost, and that will cause problems when you try to import
- the data into GnuCash later. Note that during merge, a scan is made for duplicate
- transactions, and duplicates are removed. A duplicate
- transaction is one where the date, description (payee),
- memo, quantity, share price, and debited/credited accounts
- or categories match exactly. Thus, the merge
- should be safe unless you have multiple transactions
- on the same date, to the same account, for the same amount,
- with the same description and memo. This unfortunately can occur, the typical
- scenario involving where you make multiple withdrawals of
- identical amounts from ATM machines on the same day. Note that when the Accounts List and
- Category List is exported from Quicken, all
- accounts and categories will be exported, even if they are
- empty and contain no transactions. When these are imported,
- they will appear as accounts with a balance of zero. If you
- do not plan to use such accounts, feel free to delete them.
- Future enhancements may allow you to delete them "en
- masse," or to make them invisible without deleting
- them. At this point, it successfully parses QIF
- files; what remains is the (rather complex task) of
- determine appropriate correspondences between the Quicken
- Categories and the GnuCash equivalents. That is one
- of the most significant weaknesses with the present QIF
- import scheme. Further details about the QIF Interchange Format may be
- found
- here. Return to Main Documentation
- Page. The Reconciliation window is used to reconcile cleared
- transactions from a bank statement. Enter a dollar amount from
- your last bank statement in the box, and then click
- OK . The window will then show all unreconciled
- transactions since your last bank statment. The reconcile
- window looks like this: The Reconciliation window is used to reconcile the user's
- records at the end of the month. This involves validating the
- transactions in GnuCash against the transactions indicated on
- your bank statement. For example, when you write a check for something, you
- should enter the transaction into GnuCash. At the end of the month, you receive your bank statement,
- perhaps including cancelled checks. At that point,
- you should "reconcile" the account, that is, agree your
- personal records to the documentation provided by the bank. If a check has cleared, as indicated by your bank
- statement, you should click the field between the
- description and payment fields, and it will then change
- from n to c, indicating the transaction
- has cleared. You then repeat this for each item that appears on the
- bank statement, verifying that the amounts match with the
- amounts in GnuCash, and marking off transactions in GnuCash
- as they are reconciled. When you change anything in a transaction that has been
- reconciled, a dialog box warning you that such changes are
- unwise should pop up, but this doesn't seem to happen
- anymore. Also, the "cleared" total at the bottom seems to display
- $0.00 regardless of what transactions are cleared or
- reconciled. The "cleared" total should display the total of only the
- transactions that have been cleared (c) or reconciled
- (y). Return to Main Documentation
- Page. This is the "Register" or the "Ledger" window. Transactions are entered here. To enter a new transaction, just type into the last blank transaction.
- Use the mouse or the Register Keyboard Shortcutsto move between fields, and hit the Enter key or click record to
- record the transaction: Notice how a the transaction has been recorded and a new, blank
- transaction has been created. You can edit existing transactions in a similar manner. GnuCash
- will prompt you to confirm any changes you make. You can manipulate transactions with the toolbar or the "Transaction"
- menu:
- The register can show transactions in a variety of different
- ways, controlled by entries on the "Register" menu. The register can display transactions in several different
- styles: To change the display style, to go the "Register" menu and select
- "style". Existing transactions are normally displayed in date order, but
- this can also be changed with "Sort Order".
- You can also select a date rate from which transactions will be
- displayed with "Date Range". Transactions are typically checked against bank statements - a
- process known as "reconciliation". GnuCash keeps track of
- the reconciliation status of each transaction. The reconciliation status of a transaction is shown by the
- reconciliation (R) field. 'c' indicates that a transaction
- has been reconciled, 'n' indicates that it has not. You can
- change the reconciliation status by clicking on a the 'r' field
- of the transaction. At the bottom of the account window, there are two running
- balances, the "cleared and reconciled" balance, and the "total"
- balance... the "cleared and reconciled" balance should
- correspond to how much money the bank thinks you have in your
- account, and the "total" balance includes outstanding
- transactions. Reconciliation can be done in the Reconcile Window You can do stock transactions either from a single-stock
- window, or from a portfolio-view window, shown below. The portfolio ledger can seem a bit daunting at first
- sight. If you have trouble understanding it, then you may wish to
- create an account for each stock you wish to track. Some important points to remember about the portfolio
- window: The share amounts shown are for each particular
- stock. Debited accounts and debited amounts are on the upper
- line, and credited amounts and accounts are on the lower
- line. Return to Main Documentation
- Page. A variety of financial reports can be selected on the "Extensions"
- menu":
- The report is displayed in a resizable, scrollable window. To
- control the report, you can use the toolbar buttons at the
- top of the window:
- See the help for the individual reports for details of options
- available. The reporting interface is presently undocumented, but you can
- get a good idea of how it works by examining the file
- src/scm/report/hello-world.scm in the GnuCash source distribution.
- You will also need to access data from the "engine" to get
- information for your report. This is performed by a set of Scheme
- wrapper functions that are documented in the file src/g-wrap/gnc.html.
- You may wish to examine some of the other reports in src/scm/report
- for an indication of how they are used.
- At present, reports are produced by internally creating HTML and
- rendering this with a HTML widget. (Future versions of GnuCash
- will hopefully support a more flexible system).
- If you need more information, or have developed a new report that
- may be of use to others, please contact the GnuCash development
- mailing list at gnucash-devel@gnucash.org.
- Return to Main Documentation
- Page. If a GnuCash stock
- account is suitably configured, and the host computer is
- connected to the internet, the program gnc-prices may
- be used to load stock and mutual fund price quotes from various
- web sites directly into GnuCash. To make use of this facility, the following must be
- done:The "Files" Tab
-
-
- cat macfile | tr 015 012 > unixfile
-
-
- The "Accounts" and "Categories" Tabs
-
-
-
-
- The Account Picker
-
- The "OK" Button
-
-
-
-
-A few hints
-
- Opening Balance
- Empty category
-
- Dividend category
-
- Fund families
-
- Brokerage accounts
-
- Quicken (TM) User's Guide
-
- Quicken Categories
-
-
- Quicken QIF File Import
- GnuCash supports the import of Quicken
- Import Files (QIF). (Note: Only Quicken Version 3.0 QIF has
- been formally tested so far.)
-
- Creating QIF Files
-
-
-
- Now you have a set of .QIF files, and should run
- GnuCash.
-
- Loading QIF files into GnuCash
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Things To Note About QIF Import
-
-
-
-
-
- Reconciliation Window
-
-
- 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Register Window
- 
- 
- Manipulating transactions
-
-
- Viewing Transactions
-
-
-
- Reconciliation
- Stock Portfolios
-
- 
- 
-
-
- Reports
-
-
-
- The Report Window
- Once you select a report, a report window will appear:
- 
- 
Constructing custom reports
-
- It is possible to write your own reports to meet your own needs, if
- you can program a little.
- You will need to know Scheme (a LISP-like programming language),
- and it is an excellent idea to have a copy of the Gnucash source code
- available.
-
- Stock Pricing and Ticker Symbols
- GnuCash provides a somewhat rudimentary automated stock quote
- gathering system.
-
-
-
-
-
| Code | - -Market | -
|---|---|
| PA | - -Paris | -
| BC | - -Barcelona | -
| BE | - -Berlin | -
| BI | - -Bilbao | -
| BR | - -Brême | -
| CO | - -Copenhagen | -
| D | - -Dusseldorf | -
| F | - -Frankfurt | -
| H | - -Hambourg | -
| HA | - -Hanover | -
| L | - -London | -
| MA | - -Madrid | -
| MC | - -Madrid (M.C.) | -
| MI | - -Milan | -
| MU | - -Munich | -
| O | - -Oslo | -
| ST | - -Stockholm | -
| SG | - -Stuttgart | -
| VA | - -Valence | -
| FX | - -Xetra | -
A sample image is shown below:
- 
To update the prices stored in a gnucash account file, run - the command line command gnc-price, specifying the - filename; for example:
-- gnc-prices myaccts.xac -- -
Running this command will print various diagnostic messages - to the screen while it loads data. It will work only when the - host computer is attached to the internet. It can function in - conjunction with masquerading-style firewalls and proxy - servers.
- -The command can be run many times in one day; however, it - will update the accounts at most once with the most recent - trading days price data.
- -Thus, if gnc-prices is run on Friday, Saturday, - Sunday and Monday, only two price entires will be made: one - containing Friday's data, and one containing Monday's data, - since the Saturday and Sunday runs will only retrieve the - Friday closing price.
- -To keep gnc-prices from updating one account, while - allowing it to update another account, merely mark the data - source for that account as (none). You can do this - from the Edit Account window.
- -After running gnc-prices for a few days, your
- accounts will begin to resemble the following:
- 
Return to Main Documentation - Page.
- - diff --git a/Docs/C/xacc-trans_report.html b/Docs/C/xacc-trans_report.html deleted file mode 100644 index 7bf0033934..0000000000 --- a/Docs/C/xacc-trans_report.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,33 +0,0 @@ - - - - - -Transaction reports list details for transactions in a specified - account over a specified period, in a convenient format for - viewing and exporting.
-Options specifiable for this report include:
-Return to Main Documentation - Page.
- - diff --git a/Docs/C/xacc-y2k.html b/Docs/C/xacc-y2k.html deleted file mode 100644 index ef16947461..0000000000 --- a/Docs/C/xacc-y2k.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,53 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - -GnuCash versions 1.1.25 and later store all dates as - seconds and nanoseconds, where the seconds are stored in a - 64-bit signed integer. This should suffice to store dates into - both the distant past as well as the distant future, so long as - they fall not too many orders of magnitude outside - cosmologists' estimations of the age of the universe.
- -The file format for version 1.1.25 and later stores dates - in the above-described fashion.
- -Some internal routines use the time_t type to - express seconds. Note that on most OSes, this is a 32-bit - quantity, and is thus limited to the Unix epoch, roughly - December 1901 thru Jan 2038. It is reasonable to expect that - time_t will migrate to the use of 64 bit values by - that time.
- -Backup and log files are time-stamped using the standard - Unix ctime() routine, which takes a time_t - argument. Thus, the backup and log mechanism may experience - trouble in 2038, assuming your present Unix continues to be in - service at that time without any remediation.
- -Note that GnuCash also correctly recognizes February 29th, - 2000 as a "leap day," another of the "critical Y2K dates."
- -This is all highly suggestive that GnuCash should cope - reasonably well with the transition to the new millennium, - whether that take place in 2000 or in 2001...
- -Y2K issues are described in more detail at Linux and Year - 2000.
-Return to Main Documentation - Page.
- - - diff --git a/Docs/fr/bofa-mym.html b/Docs/fr/bofa-mym.html deleted file mode 100644 index 963221de91..0000000000 --- a/Docs/fr/bofa-mym.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,39 +0,0 @@ - - - - - -http://www-cad.eecs.berkeley.edu/~gooch/mymdump.html -
http://www-cad.eecs.berkeley.edu/~gooch/qifuniq.html -
J'espère que les autres trouveront ces scripts facile à -utiliser. -
Ken Yamaguchi Octobre 1998 - - diff --git a/Docs/fr/pix/appr-asset1.gif b/Docs/fr/pix/appr-asset1.gif deleted file mode 100644 index 3d0a6d5bd8..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/fr/pix/appr-asset1.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/fr/pix/appr-asset2.gif b/Docs/fr/pix/appr-asset2.gif deleted file mode 100644 index 8ecf19ebe1..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/fr/pix/appr-asset2.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/fr/pix/appr-income.gif b/Docs/fr/pix/appr-income.gif deleted file mode 100644 index 5800f6a954..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/fr/pix/appr-income.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/fr/pix/appr-main1.gif b/Docs/fr/pix/appr-main1.gif deleted file mode 100644 index 87cae7c15a..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/fr/pix/appr-main1.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/fr/pix/appr-main2.gif b/Docs/fr/pix/appr-main2.gif deleted file mode 100644 index 86351f1149..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/fr/pix/appr-main2.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git 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file mode 100644 index f8182424d0..0000000000 --- a/Docs/fr/projects.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1558 +0,0 @@ - - - -
-The people behind GnuCash aim - to create a world-class GPL'ed Open Source Personal Financial - Application for GNU/Linux and other Unix's. This page aims to - review some of the technical and development issues surrounding - this product, representing a sort of FAQ for developers and - contributors, to suggest directions when developers are trying to - determine how to implement new functionality.
- -To get a better idea of what - GnuCash is and what it does, visit its home page.
- -There are currently several different versions of - GnuCash.
- -The latest Gnome version, and latest versions in general, - are currently available only via CVS.
- -Precompiled versions are available, but usually - only for the stable releases. Don't use the unstable versions - unless you are ready for excitement and adventure, and are - prepared to cope with a need to keep extensive backups.
- -This document is divided into several sections.
- -Thus, the Motif or Gnome GUIs are merely two possible - manipulators of the data; others, based on e.g. - Qt/KDE, emacs, Java applets or Java servlets ought to be - possible.
-GnuCash also needs to deal with multiple distributed data - sources: stock quotations from the net or transaction - confirmations from online banks and brokerage houses, or from - more mundane sources, such as file imports, or merger of data - from several users.
- -Amongst these terms, the concept of a global Model-View is - dated, and somewhat inappropriate. Rather, we need to be - concerned about how data is represented in the local address - space of the GUI, how the GUI manipulates it, how data is - brought in and merged from external sources, and how that data - is again output, whether to a file or a local or remote - database.
- -Thus, the View essentially represents a local data - cache of the data that is immediately present and being - displayed, reported, and manipulated. The Model is the - abstraction of that data that the GUI (the controller) can act - on.
- -Currently, the Engine is fairly poor, and is tightly tied - to the data structures that the GUI manipulates. These data - structures include:
- -The Engine currently handles only a small set of data - sources:
- -However, since the Engine is meant to be the interface - between the GUI and the financial data, it is really intended - to be able to do much more.
- -In particular, it should be possible to back the Engine - onto an SQL database, and thereby enable multiple users and/or - interface to more complex accounting systems. The engine should - also be expandable to handle other sources of data, such as - OFX, Integrion GOLD, the Open Trading Protocol, the OMG CORBA - General Ledger submission, the IBM San Francisco business - objects, or closer to home, Linux Kontor. In particular, it - should be possible to use GnuCash not only to view data from - these sources, but also to manipulate it and send it back.
- -The above structure should leads us to view GnuCash not so - much as a tightly integrated application, but rather as a loose - confederation of component objects, libraries and - interfaces.
- -In order to facilitate the gluing together of these parts, - as well as simplify the questions of customizability, change - and rapid development, GnuCash makes use of an extension - language to glue the pieces together.
- -The extension language that is most central to Gnucash is - - Scheme, and in particular, the FSF implementation, Guile, - although some of the interfaces are also available through Perl.
- -Important properties of a personal finance system - include:
- -A seemingly contradictory factor is that the kinds of - sophistication that are required vary considerably. - Consider:
- -Thus, home users don't need much of the - sophistication of an Accounts Receivable or Payable system, - or the bizarre depreciation policies that crop up - in Asset Management systems.
-It may be that these will require completely - different systems, and that GnuCash cannot be "all things to - all people." This remains to be seen.
- -The right hand column shows a sizing guesstimate. pm == - person-months
- -| Feature | - -Sizing | -
|---|---|
| - | -|
| Enhanced Engine, Financial - Objects | - -Large | -
| SQL I/O | - -Medium | -
| Multi-User Support | - -Medium | -
| A/R, A/P Accounts Payable, - Receivable | - -Medium | -
| Payroll | - -Medium | -
| Invoicing | - -Medium | -
| Job Costing | - -Medium | -
| Expense Accounts | - -Large | -
Current status:
- -Other output format possibilities include SGML and Extensible - Markup Language - XML. In the long run, these are - preferable to HTML, since DSSSL tools such as Jade (James DSSSL - Engine) can be used to convert to RTF, Postscript, - etc.
- -Add to this the consideration that XML is the basis for - the Document Object - Model, which is being integrated into many web-based - applications, and we can see that XML is an increasingly - significant format as we look to the future.
- -The Report Generator should be a separate but - "dockable" subsystem of the whole.
- -Thus, it should be possible to run the report generator - in a stand-alone, read-only fashion without having to start - up the main application.
- -Graphs, charts, etc. too ...
- -Asset allocation pie chart.
- -Graph portfolio value vs. cost
- -One difficult aspect of reporting is designing a - configurable interface, so that people can build custom - reports. The New - Reporting Infrastructure is seeking to build this up - using Guile.
- -Stock portfolio tools should include a Cost Averaging - report, Market Index report, Stock Option values, - Estimation of capital gains tax liabilities.
- -Status:
- -Question: How to most simply allow the user to - enter loads and fees?
- -Answer: Through splits. Unfortunately, some - users may not properly understand splits, at least not - initially. Thus, a little popup is needed to allow the user - to type in the sales load or fee and such, and then - auto-create the needed splits.
- -Note the current transfer window does NOT - allow a share price to be specified !! Needs fixing ...
- - -A set of themes would be desirable for the Gnome - version.
-A user-configurable button-bar would be nice - too.
-Provide a default list of "Categories" - (Income/Expense Accounts). These are categories such as - "Automobile Expense", "Bank Interest Income", and - "Employment Income". The user should be able to select - a default set of accounts, and have those created - automatically.
- -To actually implement this, it might be best to - simply create a file with these in them, and load that - file. A mechanism should be provided to allow the user - to weed out undesired accounts whilst not preventing - them from using them at a later date, if desired.
-Add an example showing how regular household assets - (house, car, jewelry, etc.) should be treated. In - particular, show how appreciation and depreciation - should be treated.
-Menu navigation using the keyboard should be - possible.
- -Although menu mnemonics exist, they seem to be - broken.
- -Similarly, tab-key navigation should be possible. - Currently, it is possible to use the tab key to - navigate from field to field in the register window, to - user arrow keys to navigate menus, and quick-fill to - automatically complete fields. However, it is not - possible to tab over to the "Commit" button.
- -It should be.
-Currently, Income/Expense accounts can be shown or - hidden by selecting from a menu. It would be nice to be - able to examine different account types (Asset, - Liability, Income, Expense, Payables, Receivables, - Inventory) by selecting a tab folder.
-When the user pauses the mouse over a button, - "fly-over" pop-up help windows should appear.
-Create grayed out entries in the ledger, titled - "Memo", "Description", etc, helping users understand - what should be typed into each field.
-Make sure that text fields can handle the vi and - emacs key bindings, so that e.g. emacs-style - ctrl-a, ctrl-k does the right thing.
-i.e. Ability to permanently lock records as - non-editable. This should be straight-forward by using the - reconciled field to indicate a locked - value, and not allowing the GUI to edit locked records.
- -Also need to report closed books slightly differently. - Need to bring balances forward too...
- - -Preferences include things like showing/not showing - categories, forcing double-entry, etc.
- -Current status:
- -The overall architecture is envisioned thus:
- -All code, including the transaction engine, the file - I/O routines, the menus, and the ledger, will be abstracted - into compact modules that can function independently of - each other. At the highest level, there will be a - infrastructure with extension language interfaces that will - "wire together" the various modules.
- -Such "wiring together" will consist of a dispatch - infrastructure that will allow arbitrary menu entries to be - hooked to arbitrary modules. The configuration for menu - entries, and their associated callbacks, will be specified - in an extension-language configuration file. At the final - stages, it is highly desirable to be able to, in - some manner, import new modules without requiring - that the application itself be recompiled and relinked.
- -Status:
- -This should be handled by having a way of bouncing out - to some Guile code to generate transactions with computed - values.
-Status:
- -Add support for automatic, recurring transactions, - e.g. mortgage payments, fixed-interest bonds, bank - accounts, etc.
- -Note that the design for this could be very different, - depending on whether the multi-user functions are available - or not.
- -Design/implementation for this is tricky. It should - probably leverage crontab, but this can lead to - difficulties and bugs.
- -May need interfaces to email for emailed alerts.
- -Interfaces into calendaring systems? Current - status:
- -Note that the above 'step-by-step' budgeters will have - a very very different GUI than what the budgeting system - required for a small-business might look like.
- -Status:
- -Status:
- -Right now, this is a stand-alone perl script run - from crontab.
-OFX is an open spec from Microsoft, Intuit, and - Checkfree, and which will be supported by Integrion. The - OFX DTD's are included in the 1.1 distributions. See OFX Home Page for - details.
- -There are two ways to build an OFX parser. One way is - to build a compile-time DTD parser that treats the DTD as - if it were an IDL, and generates C language stubs for a - parser.
- -This approach was attempted and abandoned because it - leads to fragile C code and a very large binary.
- -Run-time parsing may be slower, but on the OFX client - side, this should not be a bottleneck.
- -Status:
- -Note that the organizations developing OFX are looking - to use XML as their "formats of the future;" this may - encourage the use of one of the many XML parsers available - for UNIX.
-Double-entry is a powerful way of ensuring the - integrity of of the financial data. Currently, while - double-entry is supported, its use is not enforced: the - user can create dangling transactions, where only - one account is indicated.
- -Although this is acceptable for home use (even - desirable, since it allows the casual user the simplicity - they desire), it is not acceptable for business use.
- -It must be possible to enable forced-double entry, so - that a transaction cannot be completed until two accounts - have been specified.
- -Current status:
- -The tab-delimited format should be compatible with that - of /rdb, aka RAND/Hobbs /rdb or - - NoSQL. (NoSQL is available as part of the Debian GNU/Linux distribution, - for instance.)
- -The /rdb format is thus:
--field-name tab fieldname tab fieldname \n ------------------------------------------- \n -value tab value tab value \n -value tab value tab value \n -etc ... -- -
It is a very simple, very basic flat table format. The - use of /rdb with GnuCash should try to match with - SQL schemas as much as possible in order to minimize I/O - complexity and incompatibility.
-categorize items according to different tax - schedules
-The current engine is rather simple: it provides - support for accounts, account hierarchies and transactions - consisting of multiple entries.
- -Many of the features described elsewhere will require - that the engine have a far richer, more sophisticated data - model, including such things as:
- -Note: it makes no sense at this point to make the - engine API much richer than what the GUI can currently - support.
- -In a business environment, the auditors may have - "signed off" on the validity of the data; at that - point, the ability to modify audited data should be - very tightly controlled, or even downright - forbidden.
-Current Status:
- -These "Transaction processing constructs" should - simplify creation of an SQL back end, or some other - more sophisticated database engine.
-There has been much discussion about this on - mailing lists both for GnuCash and CBB. Major - points have included:
- -This may be a minor cost to a business enterprise - that hires DataBase Administrators.
- -It is not acceptable to require this of - naive users that may find "simple" things like
--% su - -Password: -# cd /tmp -# rpm -i gnucash-4.1.3.i386.rpm -# exit -- to be challenging. -
Changing GnuCash to be suited to use a DBMS in - other than a "load-it-all" / "dump-it-all" manner, but - to rather update the database in a transactional - manner.
- -That being said, it may be possible to recast the - GnuCash engine functionality so as to handle - storage in a transactional manner.
-The following industrial-strength features are - needed:
- -While the GnuCash "engine" might remain free, - maintenance of payroll functionality would require - "subscribing" to an update scheme; it might be troublesome - to try to provide such a "subscription" free of charge.
-Mostly aimed at mainframes, middleware, high - transaction volumes and data integrity.
-Linas Vepstas
- linas@linas.org
-
Christopher Browne
- cbbrowne@ntlug.org
-
Le courant "experimental" actuel est gnucash-1.3.x, qui est en quelque -sorte instable. -
La dernière version stable est la 1.2.x; si vous n'avez pas l'intention -de participer au travail de développement , vous ne devriez -utiliser que cette version, ou une vieille version 1.0.x. Ces versions -sont assez stable, avec tous les bugs couramment connus corrigés. -
Une fois les séries 1.3.x stabilisées, les prochaines
-séries stables seront les 1.4.x, et l'expérimentation devrait
-probablement
-
continuer sur les 1.5.x.
-
Si tu es intéressé pour "hacker" sur la version expérimentale,tu
-devrais premièrement commencer par lire de bout en bout le document
-GnuCash
-Project Goals(buts du projet Gnucash) afin d'acquérir
-quelques perspectives sur la conception globale.
-
-
Yannick Le Ny
-
Localise
-(traduction et adaptation) de Xacc et Gnucash pour la France et les pays
-francophones.
-
Travail
-effectué :traduction du Readme, des messages et de l'aide en ligne
-de Gnucash en français
-
A finis
-de traduire tout le site web de Gnucash en français sauf la liste
-de courriers et le maintient à jour
-
| Version | - -moteur | - -registre | - -grand livre | - -motif | - -prefs (scm) | - -docs (html) | - -divers | - -Total | -
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| xacc-0.9
- Sept 97 |
-
-- | - -- | - -- | - -34 fichiers
- (7.5+0.9) |
-
-- | - -5 fichiers
- (0.4) |
-
-- | - -39 fichiers
- (8.8) |
-
| xacc-0.9w
- Dec 97 |
-
-- | - -- | - -- | - -51 fichiers
- (13.8+1.5) |
-
-- | - -9 fichiers
- (0.8) |
-
-- | - -60 fichiers
- (16.1) |
-
| xacc-1.0.17
- Fev 98 |
-
-- | - -- | - -- | - -52 files
- (14.8+1.8) |
-
-- | - -12 files
- (1.4) |
-
-- | - -64 files
- (18.0) |
-
| gnucash-1.1.15
- Aou 98 |
-
-24 fichiers
- (6.2+1.5) |
-
-31 fichiers
- (6.1+1.7) |
-
-5 fichiers
- (1.4+0.4) |
-
-30 fichiers
- (7.4+0.7) |
-
-3 fichiers
- (0.3) |
-
-16 fichiers
- (1.9) |
-
-non compté
- (>1.0) |
-
-109 fichiers
- (32.9) |
-
| gnucash-1.2.2
- Aou 99 |
-
-41 fichiers
- (10.2+3.6) |
-
-28 fichiers
- (5.5+1.7) |
-
-14 fichiers
- (2.4+0.6) |
-
-26 fichiers
- (8.7+0.5) |
-
-14 fichiers
- (1.4) |
-
-30 fichiers
- (2.6) |
-
-non compté
- (>1.0) |
-
-153 fichiers
- (37.2) |
-
Chaque cellule contient: -
nombre de fichiers *c et *.h
-
(KLOCS dans *.c + KLOCS dans *.h),
-
où KLOC == kilo-lignes-de-code, comme rapported par wc. -
-
L'Information du compte peut être changée en tapant -dans le champ approprié. Le type de compte ne peut pas être -changé. -
Un nouveau Compte parent peut être sélectionné.Seulement -ceux de ces comptes qui peuvent légalement devenir le parent du -compte actuel sont montrés. -
La source pour le Cours des actions peut être sélectionné. -FIXME: Pourrait-il y avoir quelqu'un qui utilise cette fonction la documente,s'il -vous plait ?> -
Les notes à propos du comptes peuvent être modifiées.
-
-
Retour à la Page principale de la documentation. - - diff --git a/Docs/fr/xacc-acctypes.html b/Docs/fr/xacc-acctypes.html deleted file mode 100644 index 6a56112f4a..0000000000 --- a/Docs/fr/xacc-acctypes.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,225 +0,0 @@ - - -
- - -
Ci-dessous se trouve à quoi ressemble une fenêtre nouveau
-compte :
-
-
-
-
Choisissez un Type de compte. -
Le champ Monnaie devrait être typiquement un code -monétaire ISO à trois lettres ISO (par exemple USD -pour les dollars US). Le code du compte est un numéro qui -détermine l' ordre de tri -pour le compte quand il apparait dans un rapport ou dans le Tableau -de comptes. -
L'image ci-dessus montre un exemple pour un compte d'actions ou de d'achat/ventes
-de monnaies/devises. Noter que le champ valeur n'est pas grisé,
-et que vous pouvez entrer une valeur. Cette valeur est typiquement un code
-de valeur d'une action, ou un code
-monétaire à trois lettres ISO.
-
-
-
-
Retour à la Page principale de la documentation.
-
-
-
-
-
diff --git a/Docs/fr/xacc-adjbwin.html b/Docs/fr/xacc-adjbwin.html
deleted file mode 100644
index ec10717abc..0000000000
--- a/Docs/fr/xacc-adjbwin.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-
-
-
Fenêtre d'ajustement du solde. Utiliser la pour ajuster le -solde. Entrez le montant en francs , et une entrée dans le -registre sera créée qui mettra le solde courant -équivalent à ce nouveau solde. Ajouter plus de -documentation ici. -
En tous cas, considérons Crédits fournisseurs. Après
-tout, nous ne devrions à vrai dire avoir besoin de rien raconter
-sur les D/F parce que nous payons toujours nos factures à
-temps, n'est ce pas ? :-)
-
Aussi comme première considération, allons et supposons -que nous ne demandons pas aux clients de payer instantanément, -en liquide, mais plutôt envoyons leur une facture, et donnons leur -30 jours pour payer les factures. (Après 30 jours, nous pouvons -commencer à faire payer des intérêts et leur envoyer -des lettres de harcèlement :-)). -
Quand nous faisons une vente, les deux comptes affectés sont -les Ventes (un compte revenus) et Crédit fournisseurs. -Crédit fournisseurs est un avoir, mais il n'est pas liquide, comme -vous ne pouvez pas volontairement le vendre, et il n'est pas forcément -en espèces/argent comptant. -
Alors quand ils réusissent à payer leurs factures, déposant -un gros sac de vingt dollars de factures,(ou, plus probablement, un chèque) -nous transférons le montant depuis Crédit fournisseurs vers -Liquidités. -
La raison pour laquelle nous le faisons en deux étapes est que -nous avons decidés de faire notre comptabilité sur une base -d'accumulation et non sur une base de liquidités, parce que la plupart -de nos transactions ne sont pas seulement basées sur un changement -de main de liquidités, mais plutôt basé sur l'établisement -d'obligations, ce sont des engagements. -
Dans des opérations plus sophistiqués, il peut y avoir -une plus large séquence de documents générés -et suivis: -
Afin de determiner quelles parts de Crédit fournisseurs apparait -être à plus de risque, il est typique d'arranger les Crédits -fournisseurs basé sur les "ages" des débits, généralement -en le segmentant en plusieurs periodes d'ages différents, de paiements -qui sont en cours de règlement de 0-30 jours, ceux qui sont en cours -de règlement de 31-60 jours, puis 61-90 jours, et ensuite ceux qui -n'ont -pas été payés à l'échéance. -
A un certain point, il peut devenir clair qu'un client ne va jamais -aller payer ce qu'il doit, et nous devons l'inscrire comme un Mauvais -débiteur. -
A ce point, il est typique d'enregistrer une entrée ainsi:
-
-
| Compte | - -DR | - -CR | -
|---|---|---|
| Dépense mauvais débiteurs | - -10,000F | - -- |
| - | ||
| Crédit fournisseurs | - -- - | 10,000F | -
Nous pouvons avoir Revenus de ventes réduits à -la place, mais les sociétés tendent à préférer -specifiquement le suivi de montants qu'ils ont perdus avec de mauvais clients. -
Attention: Concept de comptabilité avancée.
-Les dettes perdues / créances douteuses sont un exemple d' un "contre-compte."
-Qui ne se réfère pas au montants payés aux
-rebelles nicaraguyens (ndt:!!!) , mais plutôt à la notion
-que le compte est un compte de revenus qui espère conserver un solde
-opposé à ce qui est normalement espéré, pour
-annuler le solde dans un autre compte de revenus. La
-dépréciation accumulée , utilisée pour
-diminuer la valeur d'un avoir au cours du temps, est un autre exemple de
-contre-compte.
-
-
Si vous devez payer six mois de loyer en avance, c'est traité -comme un "avoir accumulé." -
Tandis que celà impose un malheureux préjudice dans
-le compte de Liquidités, il apparait sur les livres comme
-un avoir, et il n'y a pas plus de paiements à faire pour les six
-prochains mois.
-
-
Retour à la Page principale de la documentation.
-
-
-
diff --git a/Docs/fr/xacc-apprdepr.html b/Docs/fr/xacc-apprdepr.html
deleted file mode 100644
index a4e3d264b9..0000000000
--- a/Docs/fr/xacc-apprdepr.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,682 +0,0 @@
-
-
-
Il fournit aussi une brève introduction au sujet relatif aux -impôts. -
Attention: Soyez conscients que les différents pays -peuvent avoir des politiques fiscales considérablement différentes -pour le traitement de ces choses; tout ce que ce document peut réellement -fournir est quelques idées fondamentales pour vous aider -à appliquer votre méthode "favorite"d'impots/dépréciation. -
Notez que l'appréciation et la dépréciation des -avoirs tend à être traitées quelque peu différemment: -
La dépréciation tend à uniquement à
-s'obtenir calculée sur les avoirs qui sont utilisés par des
-professionnels ou à objectifs professionnels, parce que les gouvernements
-ne vous permettent générallement pas de réclamer des
-déductions de dépréciation sur les avoirs personnels,
-et c'est inutile de s'ennuyer avec la procédure si ce n'est pas
-déductible.
-
(Comme toujours, ils y a des exceptions. Si vous possédez une -obligation qui paie tous ces intérêts en fin de vie, les autoritées -fiscales requéreront souvent que vous reconnaissez/percevez des -intérêts chaque année, et refuser celà pour -être traité comme un gain en capital. L'expression intérêts -accumulés, ou intérêts imputés sont -souvent là pour effayer ceux qui sont sensibles à de telles -choses...)
L'appréciaton des avoirs est, en général, une question -assez astucieuse à traiter avec. C'est ainsi parce que, pour quelques -types d'avoirs, il est difficile de correctement estimer une augmentation -en valeur jusqu'à ce que réellement vous vendiez les avoirs. -
Si vous investissez dans des valeurs -qui sont échangées sur une base journalière sur des -marchés ouverts tel que des bourses d'actions, les cours peuvent -être assez exacts, et vendre l'avoir aux prix du marché peut -être aussi simple que d'appeler un courtier et d'émettre un -Ordre -de bourse. -
D'un autre coté, les maisons que vos voisins ont vendus en quelque -sorte moins souvent, tel que les ventes tendent à entrainer un effort -considérable de dépenses, et entraine des négociations, -ce qui veut dire que les estimations sont probablement moins précises. -De la même manière, vendre une automobile utilisée -implique un processus de négociation qui rend la tarification un -peu moins prédictible. -
Plus difficile à estimer sont les valeurs de collections d'objets -tel que les bijoux, création d'Art, cartes de baseball, et -"Beanie Babies." Les marchés pour de tels objets sont quelque peu -moins ouvert/accessible que les marchés de valeurs. -
Les pires choses poutant sont une sorte de biens. Les usines contiennent -souvent des presses et font des produits personnalisés pour -construire un produit très spécifique qui coûte dix -ou cent de milliers de dollars; cet équipement peut-être de -moins de valeur en dehors de ce contexte très spécifique. -Dans de tels cas, il y a plusieurs valeurs contracdictoires qui peuvent -être attaché au bien, aucune d'elles sans ambiguité -ne sont correctes. -
Supposons que vous achetez un avoir prévu pour augmenter en valeur, -disons un tableau de Degas, et vous voulez suivre celà. (La compagnie -d'assurances se souciera de celà, même si personne d'autre -le fait.) -
Le suivi correctement de la valeur en augmentation continuelle du Degas -requèrera au moins trois, plutôt peut-être les quatre -comptes suivants (plus un compte bancaire ou de liquidités d'où -l'argent pour l'argent pour l'achat provient): -
Un mois plus tard, vous avez raison de suspecter que la valeur de votre -tableau a augmenté de 1200F. Afin d'enregistrer celà -vous transférez 1200F depuis votre compte revenus gains accumulés -sur un avoir vers votre compte avoirs. -
Votre fenêtre principale ressemblera à celà:
-
-
et votre compte avoirs ressemblera à celà:
-
-
Les gens qui sont devenus "riches" en 1999 grâce à -l'offre initiale au public en bourse (IPO) de sociétés ayant -rapport à Linux comme Red Hat Software et VA Linux Systems permettent -de vérifier celà. Ils détiennent des options ou des -actions qui sont théoriquement évaluées -à des millions de dollars USD. -
Ce qui ne veut pas dire qu'ils sont actuellement millionnaires; les -participants principaux ont possédé leurs actions au moins -six mois auparavant avant de vendre n'importe lesquelles d'entre -elles. Le fait qu'ils ne pouvait les vendre veut dire que tant qu' -elles doivent en théorie être d'une valeur de millions de -dollars sur le papier, il y a, comme à la fin de 1999, aucune voie -pour eux pour légallement recevoir ces millions. -
Maintenant il se produit trois possibilitées: -
| Compte | - -Montant | -
|---|---|
| Liquidités | - -16055F | -
| Tableau | - --11000F | -
| Revenu du gain réalisé | - --5055F | -
Et si n'importe lequel des montants a été accumulé
-comme des Gains accumulés, le montant de l'avoir devrait
-être augmenté(closed out), compensé par une valeur
-négative
-pour le revenu Gain accumulés. Si le total qui a été
-accumulé était de 5000F, alors la transaction devrait ressembler
-à ce qui suit :
-
-
| Compte | - -Montant | -
|---|---|
| Liquidités | - -16055F | -
| Tableau | - --11000F | -
| Avoir du gain accumulé | - --5000F | -
| Revenu du gain réalisé | - --5055F | -
| Revenu du gain accumulé | - -5000F | -
Notez que les deux comptes de revenus compense un autre ainsi que le -revenu actuel resultant de la transaction est seulement de 55F. -Le reste de 5000F a précédemment été reconnu -comme un Revenu de gain accumulé. -
A la place de 16055F que vous pensiez que le tableau était
-évalué, il est seulement proposé à 15000F.
-Mais vous décidez poutant de le vendre, parce que vous l'évaluez
-à 15000F de plus que ce que vous évaluez le tableau.
-
Les chiffres changent un petit peu, mais pas aussi dramatiquement.
-
-
| Compte | - -Montant | -
|---|---|
| Liquidités | - -15000F | -
| Tableau | - --11000F | -
| Avoir du gain accumulé | - --5000F | -
| Revenu du gain réalisé | - --4000F | -
| Revenu du gain accumulé | - -5000F | -
Notez que les deux comptes de revenus compensent un autre ainsi que -le revenu actuel résultant de la transaction fait ressortir -une pertes de 1000F. C'est formidable, comme vous avez précédemment -reconnu 5000F de revenus. -
La valeur supplémentaire est, encore, enregistré comme
-un gain, par exemple un revenu.
-
-
| Compte | - -Montant | -
|---|---|
| Liquidités | - -50000F | -
| Tableau | - --11000F | -
| Avoir du gain accumulé | - --5000F | -
| Revenus du gain réalisé | - --39000F | -
| Revenus du gain accumulé | - -5000F | -
En bas, nous montrons le second cas à discuter.
-
-
-
Il est tout à fait facile de compter vous-même votre richesse -en vous basant sur des estimations discutables qui ne reflètent -pas "l'argent à la banque." -
Ainsi, quand vous traitez de l'appreciation des avoirs, -
Ne vous adonnez pas à un espoir secret.
-
Jusqu'à ce que vous ayez réellement vendu vos avoirs
-et récupérez l'argent, n'importe quel chiffres sur le papier
-(ou une preuve magnetique sur votre dique dur) sont simplement celà.
-
Si vous pouvez convaincre avec réalisme un banquier de vous prêter -de l'argent, utilisant les biens comme garantie, ce qui est une évidence -très raisonnable qui est que les biens ont de la valeurs, comme -les prêteurssont professionnellement suspicieux des surestimations -douteuses de valeurs. -
Soyez conscient: toutes les trop nombreuses sociétés qui -apparaissent "profitable" sur le papier quittent les affaires à -la suite d'un épuisement des liquidités, précisément -parce que les "biens de valeur" ne seront pas la même chose que l'argent -comptant.
Pourtant, il est commun pour les revenus générés -par des gains en capital de n'être pas sujet à la taxation -jusqu'à la date où le bien est réellement vendu, et -quelque fois pas même alors. -
Les ropriétaires de maisons nord américain habituellement -trouve -que quand ils vendent leurs résidences personnelles, les gains en -capital qui surviennent sont exempt de taxation. Il apparait que d'autres -pays traitent les ventes de maisons différemment, taxant les gens -sur de tels gains. Les autoritées allemandes, par exemple, taxent -ces gains seulement si vous possédez la propriété -depuis moins de dix ans. -
J'ai une histoire de mes jours -de préparation de taxe en tant que professionnel où une famille -vendit une ferme, et s'attendit à une facture fiscale considérable -qui se trouva être virtuellement en raison de nul en raison de la -posession de la propriété avant 1971 (en quoi les mensonges -sont une critique de la date du "Jour de l'évaluation" au Canada) -et en raison qu'étant une ferme laitière, avec -quelquesdéductions résultant d'un régime réellement -singulier. -
En résumé, cette présentation est assez simple, -mais la taxation souvent devient terriblement compliquée... -
Comparé à des estimations souvent incertaines une à -faire où l'appréciation des avoirs est concernée, -nous sommes en quelque sorte en terrain solide ici. -
Tandis qu'il a eu quelques discussions à propos de comment accomplir -des calculs automatisés et la création de transactions pour -traiter des choses comme la dépréciation, il n'y a pas encore -aucun code fonctionnel, ainsi pour maintenant, vous devrez faire les calculs -à la main. -
Exemple: Vous avez acheté un ordinateur pour $1500 et
-souhaité le déprécier sur une période de 5
-années. Chaque année le montant de dépréciation
-est de $300, aboutissant aux calculs suivants:
-
-
| Année | - -Dépréciation | - -Valeur restante | -
|---|---|---|
| 1 | - -300 | - -1200 | -
| 2 | - -300 | - -900 | -
| 3 | - -300 | - -600 | -
| 4 | - -300 | - -300 | -
| 5 | - -300 | - -0 | -
Faites attention: les autorités fiscales peuvent demander -(orpermettre) un plus large pourcentage dans la première période. -D'un autre côté, au Canada, c'est changé/inversé, -comme ils permettent seulement une moitié de la part -of "Remise du coût du capital" dans la première année. -
Le résultat de cette approche est que la valeur du bien diminue -plus rapidement au départ qu'à la fin ce qui est probablement -plus réaliste pour la plupart des biens qu'un système linéaire. -C'est certainement vrai pour les automobiles. -
Exemple: Nous prenons le même exemple comme ci-dessus,
-avec une dépréciation annuelle de 30%.
-
-
| Année | - -Dépréciation | - -Valeur restante | -
|---|---|---|
| 1 | - -450 | - -1050 | -
| 2 | - -315 | - -735 | -
| 3 | - -220.50 | - -514.50 | -
| 4 | - -154.35 | - -360.15 | -
| 5 | - -108.05 | - -252.10 | -
Exemple: Premièrement vous divisez la valeurs des biens
-par la somme des années d'utilisation, par exemple pour notre exemple
-avec ci-dessus une valeur du bien de $1500 qui est utilisé sur une
-période de cinq années vous avez 1500/(1+2+3+4+5)=100. La
-dépréciation et la valeur du bien sont alors calculés
-comme suivant:
-
-
| Année | - -Dépréciation | - -Valeur restante | -
|---|---|---|
| 1 | - -100*5=500 | - -1000 | -
| 2 | - -100*4=400 | - -600 | -
| 3 | - -100*3=300 | - -300 | -
| 4 | - -100*2=200 | - -100 | -
| 5 | - -100*1=100 | - -0 | -
Les deux fenêtres ci-dessous montre votre compte avoirs et la
-fenêtre principale après la troisième année
-de dépréciation en utilisant un système de "somme
-de chiffres" pour l'exemple ci-dessous.
-
-
-
FIXME: Document this report! -
Return to Main Documentation - Page.
- - - diff --git a/Docs/fr/xacc-balsheet.html b/Docs/fr/xacc-balsheet.html deleted file mode 100644 index ffd689481f..0000000000 --- a/Docs/fr/xacc-balsheet.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,20 +0,0 @@ - - - - - -This report summarizes your assets, liabilities, and equity.
- -There are currently no options for this report, but the option - to specify a date for which the balance sheet is to be calculated - will be added soon.
- -Return to Main Documentation - Page.
- - diff --git a/Docs/fr/xacc-currency.html b/Docs/fr/xacc-currency.html deleted file mode 100644 index 46f0adcaf9..0000000000 --- a/Docs/fr/xacc-currency.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1203 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - - - -Quand nous introduisons la notion d'avoir de multiples monnaies, ou -actions qui peuvent varier en cours/prix, les identitées deviennent -un peu plus compliquées, et nous introduisons la formule suivante: -
Date transfert depuis mémo coût -1/5/99 [JPYAcct] Achat gadget $1.00 - -- -
-
Date transfert depuis
-mémo
-achat taux
-
1/5/99 [SpendAcct]
-Achat gadget Y150
-0.00667
-
-
-Le moteur lie ,toutes les trois, ces valeurs ensemble (1.0, 150, 0.00667)
-en permanence et les rend imposssible à changer sans en changer
-une autre, ainsi que la grande addition est toujours zéro, de ce
-fait garantissant le respect de l'
-identité de la comptabilité du double livret.
-
-
Plus de monnaies que vous pensez possible...
-
-
| Code ISO | - -Description complète | -
|---|---|
| - | |
| ADP | - -Andoran peseta | -
| AED | - -United Arab Emirates Dirham | -
| AFA | - -Afghani | -
| ALL | - -Albanian Lek | -
| AMD | - -Armenian Dram | -
| ANG | - -West Indian Guilder | -
| AOK | - -Angolan Kwanza | -
| ARA | - -Argentinian Austral | -
| ARS | - -Argentina Peso | -
| ATS | - -Austrian Schilling | -
| AUD | - -Australian Dollar | -
| AWG | - -Aruban Guilder | -
| AZM | - -Azerbaijan Manat | -
| BAD | - -Bosnia-Herzogovinian Dinar | -
| BBD | - -Barbados Dollar | -
| BDT | - -Bangladesh Taka | -
| BEF | - -Belgian Franc | -
| BGL | - -Bulgarian Lev | -
| BHD | - -Bahrain Dinar | -
| BIF | - -Burundi Franc | -
| BMD | - -Bermudan Dollar | -
| BND | - -Brunei Dollar | -
| BOB | - -Bolivian Boliviano | -
| BRL | - -Brazilian Real | -
| BRR | - -Brazil | -
| BSD | - -Bahaman Dollar | -
| BWP | - -Botswana Pula | -
| BYR | - -Belorussian Ruble | -
| BZD | - -Belize Dollar | -
| CAD | - -Canadian Dollar | -
| CDP | - -Santo Domiongo | -
| CHF | - -Swiss Franc | -
| CLP | - -CHILEAN PESO | -
| CNY | - -China | -
| COP | - -Colombian Peso | -
| CRC | - -Costa Rica Colon | -
| CUP | - -Cuban Peso | -
| CVE | - -Cape Verde Escudo | -
| CYP | - -Cyprus Pound | -
| CZK | - -Czech Krona | -
| DEM | - -German Mark | -
| DJF | - -Djibouti Franc | -
| DKK | - -Danish Krone | -
| DOP | - -Dominican Peso | -
| DRP | - -Dominican Republic Peso | -
| DZD | - -Algerian Dinar | -
| ECS | - -ECUADORIAN SUCRE | -
| ECS | - -Ecuador Sucre | -
| ECU | - -European Currency Unit | -
| EEK | - -Estonian Krone | -
| EGP | - -Egyptian Pound | -
| ESP | - -Spanish Peseta | -
| ETB | - -Ethiopian Birr | -
| EUR | - -Currency of EMU member states | -
| FIM | - -Finnish Mark | -
| FJD | - -Fiji Dollar | -
| FKP | - -Falkland Pound | -
| FRF | - -French Franc/ Franc Français | -
| GBP | - -British Pound | -
| GEK | - -Georgian Kupon | -
| GHC | - -Ghanian Cedi | -
| GIP | - -Gibraltar Pound | -
| GMD | - -Gambian Dalasi | -
| GNF | - -Guinea Franc | -
| GRD | - -Greek Drachma | -
| GTQ | - -Guatemalan Quedzal | -
| GWP | - -Guinea Peso | -
| GYD | - -Guyanese Dollar | -
| HKD | - -Hong Kong Dollar | -
| HNL | - -Honduran Lempira | -
| HRD | - -Croatian Dinar | -
| HTG | - -Haitian Gourde | -
| HUF | - -Hungarian forint | -
| IDR | - -Indeonesian Rupiah | -
| IEP | - -Irish Pound | -
| ILS | - -Israeli Scheckel | -
| INR | - -Indian Rupee | -
| IQD | - -Iraqui Dinar | -
| IRR | - -Iranian Rial | -
| ISK | - -Iceland Krona | -
| ITL | - -Italian Lira | -
| JMD | - -JAMAICAN DOLLAR | -
| JOD | - -Jordanian Dinar | -
| JPY | - -Japanese Yen | -
| KES | - -Kenyan Shilling | -
| KHR | - -Cambodian Riel | -
| KIS | - -Kirghizstan Som | -
| KMF | - -Comoros Franc | -
| KPW | - -North Korean Won | -
| KRW | - -South Korean Won | -
| KWD | - -Kuwaiti Dinar | -
| KYD | - -Cayman Dollar | -
| KZT | - -Kazakhstani Tenge | -
| LAK | - -Laotian Kip | -
| LBP | - -Lebanese Pound | -
| LKR | - -Sri Lankan Rupee | -
| LRD | - -Liberian Dollar | -
| LSL | - -Lesotho Loti | -
| LTL | - -Lithuanian Lita | -
| LUF | - -Luxembourgian Franc | -
| LVL | - -Latvian Lat | -
| LYD | - -Libyan Dinar | -
| MAD | - -Moroccan Dirham | -
| MDL | - -Moldavian Lei | -
| MGF | - -Madagascan Franc | -
| MNC | - -Monaco | -
| MNT | - -Mongolian Tugrik | -
| MOP | - -Macao Pataca | -
| MRO | - -Mauritanian Ouguiya | -
| MTL | - -Maltese Lira | -
| MUR | - -Mauritius Rupee | -
| MVR | - -Maldive Rufiyaa | -
| MWK | - -Malawi Kwacha | -
| MXN | - -Mexican Peso (new) | -
| MXP | - -Mexican Peso (old) | -
| MYR | - -Malaysian Ringgit | -
| MZM | - -Mozambique Metical | -
| NGN | - -Nigerian Naira | -
| NIC | - -Nicaragua | -
| NIO | - -Nicaraguan Cordoba | -
| NIS | - -Isreal | -
| NLG | - -Dutch Guilder | -
| NOK | - -Norwegian Krone | -
| NPR | - -Nepalese Rupee | -
| NZD | - -New Zealand Dollars | -
| OMR | - -Omani Rial | -
| PAB | - -Panamanian Balboa | -
| PEI | - -Peruvian Inti | -
| PEN | - -Peruvian Sol - New | -
| PES | - -Peruvian Sol | -
| PGK | - -Papua New Guinea Kina | -
| PHP | - -Philippino Peso | -
| PKR | - -Pakistan Rupee | -
| PLN | - -Polish Zloty | -
| PLZ | - -Poland | -
| PTE | - -Portuguese Escudo | -
| PYG | - -Paraguayan Guarani | -
| QAR | - -Qatar Riyal | -
| RMB | - -Chinese Renminbi Yuan | -
| ROL | - -Roumanian Lei | -
| RUR | - -Russian Rouble | -
| RWF | - -Rwanda Franc | -
| SAR | - -Saudi Riyal | -
| SBD | - -Solomon Islands Dollar | -
| SCR | - -Seychelles Rupee | -
| SDP | - -Sudanese Pound | -
| SEK | - -Swedish Krona | -
| SGD | - -Singapore Dollar | -
| SHP | - -St.Helena Pound | -
| SIT | - -Slovenian Tolar | -
| SKK | - -Slovakian Krona | -
| SLL | - -Leone | -
| SOL | - -Peru | -
| SOS | - -Somalian Shilling | -
| SRG | - -Surinam Guilder | -
| STD | - -Sao Tome / Principe Dobra | -
| SUR | - -Russian Ruble (old) | -
| SVC | - -El Salvador Colon | -
| SYP | - -Syrian Pound | -
| SZL | - -Swaziland Lilangeni | -
| THB | - -Thailand Baht | -
| TJR | - -Tadzhikistani Ruble | -
| TMM | - -Turkmenistani Manat | -
| TND | - -Tunisian Dinar | -
| TOP | - -Tongan Pa'anga | -
| TPE | - -Timor Escudo | -
| TRL | - -Turkish Lira | -
| TTD | - -Trinidad and Tobago Dollar | -
| TWD | - -New Taiwan Dollar | -
| TZS | - -Tanzanian Shilling | -
| UAK | - -Ukrainian Karbowanez | -
| UGS | - -Ugandan Shilling | -
| USD | - -American Dollar | -
| UYP | - -Uruguayan New Peso | -
| UYU | - -Uruguay | -
| VEB | - -Venezuelan Bolivar | -
| VND | - -Vietnamese Dong | -
| VUV | - -Vanuatu Vatu | -
| WST | - -Samoan Tala | -
| XAF | - -Gabon C.f.A Franc | -
| XCD | - -East Carribean Dollar | -
| XOF | - -Benin C.f.A. Franc | -
| YER | - -Yemeni Ryal | -
| ZAR | - -South African Rand | -
| ZMK | - -Zambian Kwacha | -
| ZRZ | - -Zaire | -
| ZWD | - -Zimbabwean Dollar | -
Retour à la Page principale de la documentation. - - diff --git a/Docs/fr/xacc-double.html b/Docs/fr/xacc-double.html deleted file mode 100644 index c50b94996d..0000000000 --- a/Docs/fr/xacc-double.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,149 +0,0 @@ - - -
- - -Quand celles-ci sont toutes requises pour s'équilibrer, la probabilité
-qu'une erreur sur les données entrées est été
-faite est beaucoup moindre. Pour les grands et complexes ensembles de comptes
-avec beaucoup de transactions , il est d'une manière navrante facile
-de faire des erreurs qui peuvent continuer à rester undétectées
-pendant longtemps, et être épouvantablement
-
difficile à localiser, même quand la comptabilité
-du double livret est utilisé.
-
Une transaction à double entrée est une transaction qui
-contient des entrées pour deux (ou plus) comptes qui s'annule l'un
-et l'autre. Un compte est débité d'un montant exactement
-égal à celui dont l'autre est crédité.En
-s'assurant que chaque transaction
-
s'équilibre/s'annule, un ensemble équilibré de
-comptes est garanti. Celà ne vous empêche pas d'avoir des
-errors, mais certainement il élimine le grand type d'erreurs du
-genre :J'ai oublié d'entrer cette partie de la transaction.
-
La double entrée peut être introduite d'une façon -plus grâce à la notion de transfert d'un compte bancaire vers -un autre , où le montant est retiré d'un compte et déposé -dans un autre. C'est effectivement le "rôle" de la comptabilité -du double livret; si vous avez ajouté quelque chose dans un compte, -vous devez avoir un autre composant de cette transaction pour équilibrer -celà. -
Pas forcément un aparté: Si vous regardez votre -relevé de compte, il est typiquement décrit en détail -à partir du point de vue de la banque, qui est exactement -l'opposé du votre. Par exemple, quand vous y mettez de l'argent, -effectuant un dépôt, qui établit un DEBIT de -leur part/pour eux. -
Peut-être moins évident est la notion que la double entrée -peut être utilisée pour représenter les revenus et -dépenses aussi bien que les transferts bancaires . Regardez la fenêtre -d'aide "Revenu/Dépense" pour plus -d'informations sur celà -
Dans un système traditionnel qui enregistre
-les débits et crédits séparément, l'identité
-que toutes les transactions sont
-
requises pour satisfaire que Total de débits = Total
-de crédits.
-
Le fait que l'identité requiert seulement que le total
-des soldes veut dire que c'est un petit peu trompeux d'appeler celle-ci
-comptabilité de la double-entée; il devrait être
-quelque peu plus exact de l'appeler comptabilité multiple-entrée.
-Malheureusement, il y a 700 ans d'histoire d'utilisation de ce terme, ce
-qui sufisamment décourageant pour le changer.
-
(Et quelques gens pensent qu' UNIX a quelques croustillants et
-vieux morceau d'étrangeté. Hah!)
-
GnuCash traite les "Débits" comme valeurs positives, et "Crédits"
-comme valeurs négatives, de telle façon à ce que cette
-
identité simplifie en value1 + value2
-+ value3 + ... = 0.
-
Un menu se déroulera , listant tous les comptes depuis lequel
-un transfert peut être réalisé.
-
Quand vous enregistrez la transaction, la double entrée sera
-automatiquement réalisée, et la transaction apparaîtra
-automatiquement dans toutes les fenêtres montrant les comptes transféré-depuis
-et transféré-vers.
Pour changer une transaction à double entrée:
-
Afficher simplement la transaction dans n'importe quelle fenêtre -dans laquelle elle apparait -
N'importe quels changements effectués seront automatiquement -reflétés dans l'ensemble des comptes et dans toutes les fenêtres -affichant la transaction. -
De la même manière, quand une transaction à double -entrée est supprimée , les répartitions seront supprimés -depuis l'ensemble des comptes ; et les soldes seront automatiquement recalculés -pour l'ensemble des comptes . -
Pour changer le compte de transfert, sélectionnez simplement -un nouveau compte depuis le menu déroulant . Quand vous enregistrez -la transaction, elle sera automatiquement selectionnée depuis le -vieux compte , et insérée dans le nouveau compte . -
En mode "relaché", vous pouvez créer des transactions
-anormales/non équilibrées, c'est à dire, des transactions
-où les répartitions ne s'équilibrent pas pour faire
-zéro.Celà met de coté la validation qui vient en utilisant
-le schema le plus strict
-
de la double entrée, qui n'est pas probablement réellement
-une prudent modification. En effet:
-
Retour à la Page principale de la documentation.
-
-
-
diff --git a/Docs/fr/xacc-expense.html b/Docs/fr/xacc-expense.html
deleted file mode 100644
index 1f1dbda56c..0000000000
--- a/Docs/fr/xacc-expense.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,195 +0,0 @@
-
-
-
Celà simplifie trop les choses en quelque sorte; il est souvent
-une assez-bonne approximation quand je fais de la comptabilité
-
personelle, mais quand je fais fonctionner un commerce, revenus et
-dépenses ont souvent été reconnu/identifié
-comme ayant lieu quand quelques "évènement critique" ont
-lieu et qui peut-être ne corresponde pas parfaitement à "quand
-l'argent comptant rentre ou sort."
-
Par exemple, les sociétés habituellement doivent reconnaitre -revenus quand une vente se passe. Celà veut dire que j'ai -reconnu une vente de 100 000F sur le moment avec moi et le client -nous serrant la main lors de l'accord. -
Depuis que l'argent ne rentre pas, les ventes ont été
-estimé d'une autre manière; la manière qui est faite
-est de cumuler une vente à ce moment, et la faire mettre
-dans le solde de la transaction, plutôt que d'ajouter quelque chose
-en argent comptant,
-
j'ajoute les 100 000F de la vente dans Crédit fournisseurs.
-
Dans un système à double entrée, deux sortes de -comptes doivent être créés: certains de type "Revenus" -et d'autres de type "Dépenses ". (Il tend à y avoir beaucoup -plus de différents sortes de dépenses qu'il y a de revenus.) -
Les Revenus de ce genre: salaire, primes , intérêt bancaire -et les dividendes d'actions sont alors enregistrés comme transferts -depuis un compte revenus vers un compte bancaire (ou, en général, -quelques avoirs (actif) ) . De la même manière, les dépenses -sont enregistrés comme des transferts depuis un compte de carte -de crédit (ou, en général, un compte de passif(dettes)). -
Une autre voie pour décrire la nécessité de la -"double entrée" est que quand vous recevez un revenu, deux choses -se passent: -
| Compte | - -Débit | - -Crédit | -
|---|---|---|
| Compte chèques | - -1.600,00 | - -- |
| Salaire | - -- - | 1.600,00 | -
Celà peut être volontairement étendu à un
-grand nombre d'éléments "réparti" ainsi:
-
-
| Compte | - -Débit | - -Crédit | -
|---|---|---|
| Compte chèques | - -1.300,00 | - -- |
| Impôts sur le revenu | - -200.00 | - -- |
| Sécurité sociale | - -100.00 | - -- |
| Salaire | - -- - | 1.600,00 | -
Il peut y avoir un lot entier de plus de deux entrées dans la -transaction, mais la somme totale des débits, de 1.600,.00F, pourtant -égalera la somme totale des crédits, 1.600,00F. -
Si, comme avec GnuCash, tout est forcé sur une colonne, -de telle façon à ce que les débits soit représentés -par des valeurs positives, et les crédits sont représentés -par des valeurs négatives, les comptes revenus/dépenses font -légèrement une chose non-intuitive et vous voyez des revenus -comme valeurs négatives. Celà -apparait -contraire à l'intuition, mais c'est néanmoins nécessaire -pour que l'ordre de l' identité -de la comptabilité de la double-entrée se maintienne vraie. -
Une autre manière de voir la façon dont les comptes revenus -et dépenses sont spéciaux est que leurs totaux de comptes -n'apparaissent pas directement sur la feuille du solde/bilan. Une feuille -du solde montre la "Valeur nette": la somme de tous les avoirs moins -toutes les dettes. -
Les revenus et dépenses ne sont ni des avoirs ni des dettes, -et ainsi n'apparaissent pas sur la feuille du solde. Ce qui apparait sur -la feuille du solde est leurs effets sur les capitaux propres. -
Il y a un rapport séparé, un rapport "Pertes et profits" -(P&P), pour analyser les revenus et dépenses. Le profit total -(ou pertes) est calculé comme le total des revenus moins le total -des dépenses. D'une manière agréablement symétrique, -étant donné que les avoirs et les dettes ne sont ni des revenus -et ni des dépenses, ils n' apparaissent pas également -sur l'état des Pertes et Profits. -
Même si malgré tout ces comptes peuvent être en quelque -sorte "spéciaux", vous n'avez pas besoin de faire quelque chose -de particulièrement spécial pour utiliser les comptes de -revenus et dépenses. GnuCash traite les valeurs automatiquement, -de telle façon à ce que si vous enregistrez proprement les -effets des transactions sur votre compte bancaire ou de carte de crédit, -la face revenus/dépenses de la transaction devrait aussi être -chargé traité correctement. -
Le temps quand les choses deviennent "particulières," et quand -vous avez besoin de plus de compréhension profonde de celles-ci, -est quand les montants sont transférés entre les comptes -revenus/dépenses. (Les causes pour de tels transferts tendent -à être en quelque sorte particulières, ainsi c'est -une jolie exposition pour celui-ci d'être une jolie situation singulière.) -
Vous souhaitez sans doute créer un certain nombre de comptes -de revenus et dépenses; I peut être valable de regarder le -Tableau de comptes d'exemple pour des idées. -
Ce partitionnement de revenus et dépenses est surement prouvé -être particulièrement utile quand .le temps des impôts -arrive. -
Retour à la Page principale de la documentation. - - diff --git a/Docs/fr/xacc-globalprefs.html b/Docs/fr/xacc-globalprefs.html deleted file mode 100644 index d1351b6c4c..0000000000 --- a/Docs/fr/xacc-globalprefs.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,50 +0,0 @@ - - -
- - -Pour changer les paramètres, cliquez simplement pour sélectionner -la page appropriée, alors faites les changements appropriées, -et cliquez sur le bouton "Appliquer" pour voir vos changements prendre -effet. Cliquer sur "OK" applique les changement, alors fermez la boîte -de dialogue propriétées. Le bouton "Fermer" ferme simplement -la boîte de dialogue sans appliquer les derniers changements. -
Les paramètres sont groupés dans les catégories -suivantes: -
Retour à la Page principale de la documentation. - - diff --git a/Docs/fr/xacc-gpl.html b/Docs/fr/xacc-gpl.html deleted file mode 100644 index 863bed904e..0000000000 --- a/Docs/fr/xacc-gpl.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,335 +0,0 @@ - - -
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Le tronc principal représente les catégories ou groupes -en entier, tandis que les feuillles de l'arbre contiennent des comptes -bancaires individuels ou des catégories de dépenses. -
Quand un rapport sommaire est demandé, typiquement seulement -les branches principales sont montrés dans le rapport, plutôt -que les comptes individuels. Par example, un tableau de comptes devrait -ressembler à ce qui suit: -
300 Dépenses - | - +--310 Dépenses en cours - | | - | +--311 Bière - | | - | +--312 Cable - | - +--320 Dépenses commerciales - | | - | +--321 Disquettes 8 pouces - | | - : :-Noter que les comptes n'ont pas seulement des noms; ils ont des codes,afin -de fournir un ordre. Quand un rapport est généré, -l'ordre de tri est déterminé entièrement par la numérotation. -
Une arborescence logique générallement aura la fin des -comptes "feuilles" en chiffre différent de zéro, tandis que -les noeuds parents ont des numéros croissant de zéro. -Par exemple, les comptes "liquidités" devraient logiquement être -arrangés ainsi: -
Un exemple de tableaux -de comptes -
Un
-tableau "typique" de comptes est montré ci-dessous. Chaque compte
-est un type de compte donné.C'est
-une
-
-combinaison de quelques comptes commerciaux et personnels typiques.
-
->>>>>>> 1.2
-
Retour à la Page principale de la documentation.
Pour l'aide sur un sujet en particulier: -
Ces quelques pages représentent la documentation préliminaire -pour les sous-systemes qui ne sont pas encore suffisamment fonctionnel -pour être utilisé par les utilisateurs finaux. -
Ci dessous se trouve une image de la fenêtre principale , avec -seulement les comptes principaux affichés . Notez comment Business -Expenses a été sélectionné par surbrillance -. La boîte avec une croix à l'intérieur d'elle, immediatement -à sa gauche, montre qu'il y a un un ou plus de comptes detaillés -qui ne sont pas montrés en ce moment. Pour le voir, cliquez sur -cette boîte. -
-
Ci-dessous se trouve la fenêtre principale , avec les détails
-des comptes affichés.
-
-
-
-
-
This report summarizes your sources of income and expenditure.
- -There are currently no options for this report, but the option - to specify an accounting period will be added soon.
- -Return to Main Documentation - Page.
- - diff --git a/Docs/fr/xacc-print.html b/Docs/fr/xacc-print.html deleted file mode 100644 index 5ae845b9ba..0000000000 --- a/Docs/fr/xacc-print.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,46 +0,0 @@ - - - - - -
Suivant la dernière tendance à la mode de l'exagération
-internet, GnuCash peut aussi agir comme un serveur web sans valeur!
-
-
Retour à la Page principale de la documentation - - diff --git a/Docs/fr/xacc-quicken.html b/Docs/fr/xacc-quicken.html deleted file mode 100644 index 2dba01fdd1..0000000000 --- a/Docs/fr/xacc-quicken.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,156 +0,0 @@ - - -
- - -Ce que Quicken appelle "Catégories" sont juste réellement -des comptes Revenus/Dépenses . Ainsi, -si vous utilisez les spécifications d'une catégorie dans -Quicken, créez juste un compte revenus/dépenses du même -nom dans Gnucash, et utilisez le comme le nom d'un compte. -
Notez que le format QIF est representif dans une certaine mesure d'un -modèle de données particulier qui n'est pas aussi expressif:adapté -que l'on aurait voulu; il requiert pour chaque compte de se faire enregistrer -dans un fichier de données séparé, plutôt que -de vous permettre d'avoir un fichier qui représente tous -les comptes que vous pouvez avoir eu dans Quicken. -
De plus, tandis qu'il y a des plans pour faire ainsi dans le futur,
-il n'y a pas, à ce point, une solution pour organiser les noms de
-catégories ou comptes utilisés dans Quicken vers un différent
-ensemble de noms de compte que vous puissiez utiliser dans
-
GnuCash.
-
En conséquence de, s'il vous plaît lisez cette section -avec attention. Il se peut en quelque sorte que vous soyez déçu -avec les résultats d'une importation de fichier QIF; celà -vous donnera au moins quelques espérances plus précises quant -à ce qui se passera. -
Il fonctionne avec Wine, Wabi
-de Caldera, et sans doute sur VMWare, ainsi il n'est pas requis que vous
-démarreriez Windows.
-
Quicken ne peut exporter seulement qu'un compte pour chaque
-fichier de données, ce qui veut dire que si vous avez plusieurs
-comptes, ce là se révèlera être un procesus
-quelquesc peu pénible. (D'un autre coté, il devrait être
-en globalité
-
moins pénible que d'entrer les données depuis
-zéro/rien.)
-
Celà fournira une boite de dialogue qui demandera un nom
-de fichier, les dates effectives, en plus d'une série de
-
boite à cocher, incluant Transactions, Liste
-de comptes, Liste de catégories, et ainsi dorénavant.
-
Pour de meilleurs résultats, vous devrez etre sûr -d'avoir ces trois dernières qui soit vérifiées/activées. -
Si vous ne vérifiez pas la boite Listes de Comptes,
-alors le nom de votre compte sera probablement perdu., et que
-
celà causera des problèmes quand vous essairez d'importer
-des données dans GnuCash plus tard.
Notez que durant la fusion, une analyse est effectuée pour
-les transactions dupliquées , et les doubles sont enlevés.
-Une transaction dupliquée est où la date, la description
-(bénéficiaire), mémo, quantitée, prix du titre
-, et les comptes ou catégories débités/crédités
-se retrouve exactement. Ainsi, la fusion devrait être
-sûr à moins que vous ayez de multiples transactions à
-la même date, au même compte , pour le même montant ,
-avec la même description et mémo.
-
Celà malheureusement peut se produire, le scénario -typique se produit quand vous faites de multiples retraits d'argent liquide -de montants identiques à partir de DAB (distributeur automatique -de billets) le même jour. -
Notez que quand la "Liste des Comptes " et la "Liste de Catégories"
-est exporté depuis Quicken, tous les comptes et catégories
-seront exportés, même s'ils sont vides et ne contiennent pas
-de transactions. Quand ceux-ci sont importés, ils apparaitront comme
-des comptes avec un solde de zéro. Si vous n'avez pas besoin ou
-n'utilisez pas ces comptes , soyez libre de les supprimer . Les futures
-améliorations de Gnucash vous permettront de les supprimer "en-masse",
-ou de les rendre invisible sans les supprimer.
-
Pour plus de détails à propos du format d'échange
-QIF peuvent être trouvés ici.
-
-
Retour à la Page principale de la documentation.
-
La fenêtre de rapprochement est pour le rapprochement des enregistrements -des utilisateurs à la fin du mois quand le relevé bancaire -arrive. Par example, si vous écrivez un chèque pour quelqu'un -, entrez la transaction. Quand vous savez que que le chèque a été -pointé (débité de votre compte) , vous pouvez cliquez -le champ entre les champs de description et de paiement , et le changer -depuis 'n' vers 'c', indiquant que la transaction a été pointée -A la fin du mois , ouvrez la fenêtre de rapprochement , et xacc vous -suggèrera /soufflera l'entrée du solde final à partir -du relevé bancaire . Alors la fenêtre de rapprochement apparaitra -, et vous verrez une colonne de crédit et de débit qui listera -toutes les transactions non rapprochés . Vous pouvez alors pointer -les transactions qui apparaissent dans le relevé bancaire , et vérifier -que le montant des champs soit correct. En bas de la fenêtre se trouve -un champ différence , qui devrait être de 0.00F quand vous -avez fait le rapprochement . Si'il ne l'est pas alors vous avez laisser -échapper une transaction, ou un des montants est erroné (ou -faux). Quand vous cliquez sur "Ok", alors le 'n' ou 'c' dans les transactions -qui ont été pointé se changera en un 'y'. Quand vous -changez quelque chose dans une transaction de rapprochement , une boite -de dialogue de verification devrait apparaitre , mais celà ne semble -pas être encore un évènement. Aussi , le total "pointé" -en bas semble afficher F0.00 sans se soucier de ces transactions qui ont -été pointés ou rapprochés . Le total"pointé" -devrait afficher le total de seulement les transactions qui ont été -pointés ('c') ou rapprochés ('y'). -
-
-C'est la fenêtre du Registre/Grand Livre(ou d'enregistrement ). -Les transactions sont entrées ici . -
Pour entrer une nouvelle transaction, tapez juste à l'intérieur -de la dernière transaction vierge. Utilisez la souris (ndt : ou -le mulot pour ce qui préfère) ou les Raccourcis -clavier du registre pour se déplacer entre les champs, et frappez -la touche Entrée ou cliquez sur Enregistrer pour enregistrer la -transaction: -
-
Remarquez comment la transaction a été enregistrée -et une transaction vierge, nouvelle a été créée. -
Vous pouvez affichez des transactions existantes de la même manière.
-GnuCash vous demandera de confirmer n'importe quel
-
changements que vous ayez fait.
-
Le registre peut afficher les transactions dans plusieurs styles différents: -
Les transactions existantes sont normallement affichées dans
-l'ordre de la date, mais celà peut auusi être changé
-avec
-
"Trier par ordre". Vous pouvez aussi sélectionner une échelle
-de date durant laquelle les transactions seront affichées avec
-"Echelle de date".
-
L'état du rapprochement d'une transaction est montré par
-le champ rapprochement (R) . 'c' indique qu'une transaction a été
-
rapprochée, 'n' indique qu'elle ne l'est pas. Vous pouvez changer
-l'état du rapprochement en cliquant sur le champ 'r' de la
-
transaction.
-
En bas de la fenêtre du compte, il y a deux soldes en cours, le -solde "pointé et rapproché", et le solde "total"... le solde -"pointé et rapproché " devrait correspondre à la totalité -de l'argent que la banque pense que vous ayez sur votre compte, et le solde -"total" inclut les transactions en cours de règlement. -
Le rapprochement peut être fait dans la fenêtre -de rapprochement -
-
-
Le registre du porte-feuille peut intimidé un peu au premier -abord . -
Si vous avez de la peine à le comprendre , alors tournez vous -vers la création de comptes qui contiennent une seule valeur d'action. -
Quelques points importants à se souvenir à propos de la -fenêtre du porte-feuille: -
-
Le rapport est affiché dans une fenêtre redimensionnable -et déroulante. Pour controler le rapport, vous pouvez utilisez les -boutons de la barre d'outils en haut de la fenêtre: -
-
-
Voyez l'aide pour les rapports individuels pour les détails des -options disponibles. -
L'interface de rapport est actuellement non documenté, mais vous -pouvez obtenir une bonne idée de comment il fonctionne en -examinant le fichier src/scm/report/hello-world.scm dans la distribution -du source de GnuCash. -
Vous aurez aussi besoin pour accédez aux données du "moteur" -d'obtenir de l'information pour votre rapport. Celà est accompli -par un ensemble de fonctions d'encapsulage Scheme qui sont documentés -dans le fichier src/g-wrap/gnc.html. Vous pouvez souhaiter examiner quelques -uns des autres rapports dans src/scm/report pour une indication de comment -ils sont utilisés. -
A présent, les rapports sont produit intérieurement en -créant du HTML et en présentant celà avec un widget -HTML. (Les futures versions de GnuCash supporteront si tout va bien un -système plus flexible). -
Si vous avez besoin plus d'information, ou avez développé -un nouveau rapport qui peut être utilisé par les autres, s'il -vous plait contactez la liste de courriers de développement -de GnuCash (mailing list) à gnucash-devel@gnucash.org. -
Retour à la Page principale de la documentation. - - diff --git a/Docs/fr/xacc-ticker.html b/Docs/fr/xacc-ticker.html deleted file mode 100644 index 2c0f1d6dbe..0000000000 --- a/Docs/fr/xacc-ticker.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,102 +0,0 @@ - - -
- - -Si un compte d'actions de -Gnucash est convenablement configuré, et l'ordinateur hôte -est connecté sur internet, le programme gnc-prices peut -être utilisé pour récupérer les cotations -des cours d'actions et de fonds communs (pas de FCP et de SICAV pour la -france) à partir de divers sites web directement dans GnuCash. -
Pour utiliser cette fonctionnalité, ce qui suit doit être -fait: -
Un exemple d'image est montré ci-dessous: -
-
Pour mettre à jour les cours stockés dans un fichier de -compte de gnucash, lancez en ligne de commande gnc-price, en specifiant -le nom du fichier; par exemple: -
gnc-prices myaccts.xac-En lançant cette commande, elle affichera divers messages de diagnostic -vers l'écran tandis qu'elle chargera les données. Elle fonctionnera -seulement quand l'ordinateur hôte est connecté à internet. -Elle peut fonctionner ensemble avec un parefeu/firewall de style -masqué. Elle ne fonctionne pas actuellement depuis derrière -des parefeu de style socks. -
La commande peut être lancée plusieurs fois dans une journée; -pourtant, elle mettra les comptes à jour au maximum une fois avec -les plus récentes données du cours des échanges de -la journée. -
Ainsi, si gnc-prices est lancé le vendredi, samedi, -dimanche et lundi, seulement deux chargement de cours seront effectués: -un contenant les données du vendredi, et un contenant les données -du lundi, tandis que celui lancé le samedi et dimanche retrouvera -seulement les cours de clôture du vendredi. -
Pour empêcher gnc-prices de mettre à jour un compte, -tandis que vous lui permettez de mettre à jour un autre compte, -marquez simplement les données source pour ce compte comme "(aucun)". -Vous pouvez le faire depuis la fenêtre "Afficher un compte". -
Après avoir lancé gnc-prices pendant quelques jours, vos -comptes commenceront à ressembler à ce qui suit: -
-
Transaction reports list details for transactions in a specified - account over a specified period, in a convenient format for - viewing and exporting.
-Options specifiable for this report include:
-Return to Main Documentation - Page.
- - diff --git a/Docs/fr/xacc-y2k.html b/Docs/fr/xacc-y2k.html deleted file mode 100644 index 134307f458..0000000000 --- a/Docs/fr/xacc-y2k.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,45 +0,0 @@ - - - - - -Le format de fichier pour la version 1.1.25 et suivantes stocke les -dates de la manière cité ci-dessus. -
Quelques routines internes utilisent le type time_t pour exprimer -les secondes. Noter que sur la plupart des OS, c'est une longueur de 32-bit, -et elle est limité à l'ère Unix (Déc 1901 à -Jan 2038).Il est résonnable d'espérer que time_t -sera migré vers l'utilisation de valeurs de 64 bit à ce moment -là. -
Les fichiers de sauvegarde et log sont estampillé temporellement -en utilisant la routine standard Unix ctime(), qui prend comme -argument time_t. Ainsi, le mécanisme de sauvegarde et de -log pourrait éprouver des troubles en 2038.Supposant que votre Unix -actuel continue à être en service à ce moment là -sans aucune correction. -
Notez aussi que GnuCash reconnait correctement le 29 février -2000 comme une "année bissextile," une autre des "dates critiques -de l'année 2000." -
Il est très fortement suggéré que GnuCash devrait -faire face raisonnablement bien à la transition vers le nouveau -millénaire, ou qu'il prend place en 2000 ou en 2001... -
Les éléments de l'an 2000 sont décrits en plus
-de détails à Linux
-et l'an 2000.
-
-
Retour à la Page principale de la documentation. - - diff --git a/Docs/gnucash.css b/Docs/gnucash.css deleted file mode 100644 index 148c57cfbc..0000000000 --- a/Docs/gnucash.css +++ /dev/null @@ -1,35 +0,0 @@ -/* Style Sheet */ -/* $Id$ */ - -BODY{ background-color:#EEFFEE; -/* background-image: url(http://www.isomedia.com/homes/tboyle/greenpaper.gif); */ - background-repeat: repeat-y;} - -SPAN.indent{margin-left:0.4in;} - -/* This may be a bit excessively loud... */ -H1, H2, H3, H4 {font-family: Optima, Lucida, Helvetica, sans-serif; - color: green; background-color: transparent; - font-weight: bolder; } - -/* Utopia, Helvetica, Optima, Lucida Typewriter */ - -H1{ font-size: 18pt;} -H2{ font-size: 16pt;} -H3{ font-size: 14pt;} -H4{ font-size: 12pt;} - -/* And make the main title big, centre it */ - -H1.title {font-size: 24pt; text-align: center; color: maroon; -background-color: transparent; font-family: Optima, Lucida, Helvetica, -sans-serif;} - -DEL {font-weight: bold} -INS {background-color: white} - -/* Zowie way of presenting PRE stuff */ - -PRE,TT.LITERAL,P.LITERALLAYOUT{ font-family:Lucida Typewriter, Courier, -monospace; font-weight: normal; background-color: gray; color: white; -border-width: thin; white-space:pre; } diff --git a/Docs/logos/NetBSD-banner.gif b/Docs/logos/NetBSD-banner.gif deleted file mode 100644 index 8796228cde..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/logos/NetBSD-banner.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/logos/bullogogross.gif b/Docs/logos/bullogogross.gif deleted file mode 100644 index 6acdfdb605..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/logos/bullogogross.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/logos/debian.jpg b/Docs/logos/debian.jpg deleted file mode 100644 index 906ecffb71..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/logos/debian.jpg and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/logos/ibm.gif b/Docs/logos/ibm.gif deleted file mode 100644 index 2ee97f792e..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/logos/ibm.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/logos/linux.gif b/Docs/logos/linux.gif deleted file mode 100644 index 6a136a030f..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/logos/linux.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/logos/sgi.gif b/Docs/logos/sgi.gif deleted file mode 100644 index bb00dce8f1..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/logos/sgi.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Docs/logos/skunkware.gif b/Docs/logos/skunkware.gif deleted file mode 100644 index a19d9baabb..0000000000 Binary files a/Docs/logos/skunkware.gif and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Makefile.in b/Makefile.in index cd5cf7c881..6e0e3c3a96 100644 --- a/Makefile.in +++ b/Makefile.in @@ -134,8 +134,12 @@ install-bin: gnucash.${FLAVOR} (cd ${GNC_BINDIR} && ln -sf gnucash.${FLAVOR} gnucash) install: - $(INSTALL) -d ${GNC_BINDIR} ${GNC_LIBDIR} ${GNC_DOCDIR} ${GNC_SHAREDIR} + $(INSTALL) -d ${GNC_BINDIR} ${GNC_LIBDIR} ${GNC_DOCDIR} $(INSTALL) -d ${GNC_DOCDIR}/examples ${GNC_MANDIR}/man1 + $(INSTALL) -d ${GNC_SHAREDIR} ${GNC_SHAREDIR}/html + $(INSTALL) -d ${GNC_SHAREDIR}/html/C ${GNC_SHAREDIR}/html/C/pix + $(INSTALL) -d ${GNC_SHAREDIR}/html/fr ${GNC_SHAREDIR}/html/fr/pix + $(INSTALL) -d ${GNC_SHAREDIR}/html/logos # Put these in the opposite order of precedence. Final bin/gnucash link will # point to the last one that exists... @@ -191,18 +195,12 @@ install: ${INSTALL_DATA} $$file ${GNC_SHAREDIR}/scm/$$dest; \ done - @mkdir -p ${GNC_SHAREDIR}/Docs - @mkdir -p ${GNC_SHAREDIR}/Docs/C - @mkdir -p ${GNC_SHAREDIR}/Docs/C/pix - @mkdir -p ${GNC_SHAREDIR}/Docs/fr - @mkdir -p ${GNC_SHAREDIR}/Docs/fr/pix - $(INSTALL_DATA) Docs/C/*.html ${GNC_SHAREDIR}/Docs/C - $(INSTALL_DATA) Docs/fr/*.html ${GNC_SHAREDIR}/Docs/fr - $(INSTALL_DATA) Docs/C/pix/*.* ${GNC_SHAREDIR}/Docs/C/pix - $(INSTALL_DATA) Docs/fr/pix/*.* ${GNC_SHAREDIR}/Docs/fr/pix - $(INSTALL_DATA) Docs/*.css ${GNC_SHAREDIR}/Docs - @mkdir -p ${GNC_SHAREDIR}/Docs/logos - $(INSTALL_DATA) Docs/logos/*.* ${GNC_SHAREDIR}/Docs/logos + $(INSTALL_DATA) doc/html/C/*.html ${GNC_SHAREDIR}/html/C + $(INSTALL_DATA) doc/html/fr/*.html ${GNC_SHAREDIR}/html/fr + $(INSTALL_DATA) doc/html/C/pix/*.* ${GNC_SHAREDIR}/html/C/pix + $(INSTALL_DATA) doc/html/fr/pix/*.* ${GNC_SHAREDIR}/html/fr/pix + $(INSTALL_DATA) doc/html/*.css ${GNC_SHAREDIR}/html + $(INSTALL_DATA) doc/html/logos/*.* ${GNC_SHAREDIR}/html/logos # ------------------------------------------------------------------ # hack alert -- the config dir stuff is messed up in configure.in as well diff --git a/src/scm/html-generator.scm b/src/scm/html-generator.scm index 1f075a665d..48de4bc28e 100644 --- a/src/scm/html-generator.scm +++ b/src/scm/html-generator.scm @@ -117,12 +117,7 @@ (define (html-end-table) (list "")) -;;;; Here's functions defined in average-balance.scm -;;;; The point to this is twofold: -;;;; 1. It doesn't break anything because if the functions get -;;;; redefined somewhere here, things were *already broken.* -;;;; 2. It pushes all HTML stuff into *this* file, and encourages -;;;; fixing any resulting mess. + ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; HTML Table ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; @@ -139,14 +134,26 @@ (define (html-table-col val) (string-append "