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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" title="normal" type="text/css" href=
"gnucash.css">
<title>Currency Handling and Double Entry Bookkeeping</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1> Currency Handling and Double Entry Bookkeeping</h1>
<p>A <a href="xacc-double.html"> Double Entry bookkeeping
system</a> stores both values, and requires that all
transactions balance, as described in the <a href=
"xacc-double.html#IDENTITY"> Double Entry Identity.</a></p>
<p> When we introduce the notion of having multiple currencies,
or stocks that may vary in price, the identities get a little
more complicated, and we introduce the following formulae:</p>
<ul>
<li><b>value=exch-rate*amount</b> (for currency
accounts)</li>
<li><b>value=price*num-shares</b> (for
stocks/mutual-funds)</li>
</ul>
<p>Thus, buying a widget in Japan (JPY) and using US Dollars
(USD) to pay for it would appear thus:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<i> <b>SpendAcct:</b> (an ordinary bank/cash acct valued in
USD)</i>
<pre>
<i>Date xfer from memo cost
1/5/99 [JPYAcct] Buy widget $1.00
</i>
</pre>
</li>
<li>
<i> <b>JPYAcct</b>: (a currency trading account valued in
yen)</i>
<pre>
<i>Date xfer from memo purchase rate
1/5/99 [SpendAcct] Buy widget Y150 0.00667
</i>
</pre>
</li>
</ul>
<p>The engine links together all three of these values <tt>
(1.0, 150, 0.00667)</tt> permanently and makes it impossible
to change one without changing another, so that the grand total
is always zero, thereby guaranteeing satisfaction of the <a
href="xacc-double.html#IDENTITY"> double entry accounting
identity.</a></p>
<h1> ISO Currency Codes</h1>
<a name="ISOCURR"></a>
<p> More currencies than you thought possible...</p>
<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>ISO Code</th>
<th>Full Description</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ADP</td>
<td>Andoran peseta</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>AED</td>
<td>United Arab Emirates Dirham</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>AFA</td>
<td>Afghani</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ALL</td>
<td>Albanian Lek</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>AMD</td>
<td>Armenian Dram</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ANG</td>
<td>West Indian Guilder</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>AOK</td>
<td>Angolan Kwanza</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ARA</td>
<td>Argentinian Austral</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ARS</td>
<td>Argentina Peso</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ATS</td>
<td>Austrian Schilling</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>AUD</td>
<td>Australian Dollar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>AWG</td>
<td>Aruban Guilder</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>AZM</td>
<td>Azerbaijan Manat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>BAD</td>
<td>Bosnia-Herzogovinian Dinar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>BBD</td>
<td>Barbados Dollar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>BDT</td>
<td>Bangladesh Taka</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>BEF</td>
<td>Belgian Franc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>BGL</td>
<td>Bulgarian Lev</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>BHD</td>
<td>Bahrain Dinar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>BIF</td>
<td>Burundi Franc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>BMD</td>
<td>Bermudan Dollar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>BND</td>
<td>Brunei Dollar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>BOB</td>
<td>Bolivian Boliviano</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>BRL</td>
<td>Brazilian Real</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>BRR</td>
<td>Brazil</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>BSD</td>
<td>Bahaman Dollar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>BWP</td>
<td>Botswana Pula</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>BYR</td>
<td>Belorussian Ruble</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>BZD</td>
<td>Belize Dollar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>CAD</td>
<td>Canadian Dollar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>CDP</td>
<td>Santo Domiongo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>CHF</td>
<td>Swiss Franc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>CLP</td>
<td>CHILEAN PESO</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>CNY</td>
<td>China</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>COP</td>
<td>Colombian Peso</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>CRC</td>
<td>Costa Rica Colon</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>CUP</td>
<td>Cuban Peso</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>CVE</td>
<td>Cape Verde Escudo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>CYP</td>
<td>Cyprus Pound</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>CZK</td>
<td>Czech Krona</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>DEM</td>
<td>German Mark</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>DJF</td>
<td>Djibouti Franc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>DKK</td>
<td>Danish Krone</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>DOP</td>
<td>Dominican Peso</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>DRP</td>
<td>Dominican Republic Peso</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>DZD</td>
<td>Algerian Dinar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ECS</td>
<td>ECUADORIAN SUCRE</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ECS</td>
<td>Ecuador Sucre</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ECU</td>
<td>European Currency Unit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>EEK</td>
<td>Estonian Krone</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>EGP</td>
<td>Egyptian Pound</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ESP</td>
<td>Spanish Peseta</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ETB</td>
<td>Ethiopian Birr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>EUR</td>
<td>Currency of EMU member states</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>FIM</td>
<td>Finnish Mark</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>FJD</td>
<td>Fiji Dollar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>FKP</td>
<td>Falkland Pound</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>FRF</td>
<td>French Franc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GBP</td>
<td>British Pound</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GEK</td>
<td>Georgian Kupon</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GHC</td>
<td>Ghanian Cedi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GIP</td>
<td>Gibraltar Pound</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GMD</td>
<td>Gambian Dalasi</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GNF</td>
<td>Guinea Franc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GRD</td>
<td>Greek Drachma</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GTQ</td>
<td>Guatemalan Quedzal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GWP</td>
<td>Guinea Peso</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>GYD</td>
<td>Guyanese Dollar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>HKD</td>
<td>Hong Kong Dollar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>HNL</td>
<td>Honduran Lempira</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>HRD</td>
<td>Croatian Dinar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>HTG</td>
<td>Haitian Gourde</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>HUF</td>
<td>Hungarian forint</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>IDR</td>
<td>Indeonesian Rupiah</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>IEP</td>
<td>Irish Pound</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ILS</td>
<td>Israeli Scheckel</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>INR</td>
<td>Indian Rupee</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>IQD</td>
<td>Iraqui Dinar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>IRR</td>
<td>Iranian Rial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ISK</td>
<td>Iceland Krona</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ITL</td>
<td>Italian Lira</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>JMD</td>
<td>JAMAICAN DOLLAR</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>JOD</td>
<td>Jordanian Dinar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>JPY</td>
<td>Japanese Yen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>KES</td>
<td>Kenyan Shilling</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>KHR</td>
<td>Cambodian Riel</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>KIS</td>
<td>Kirghizstan Som</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>KMF</td>
<td>Comoros Franc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>KPW</td>
<td>North Korean Won</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>KRW</td>
<td>South Korean Won</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>KWD</td>
<td>Kuwaiti Dinar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>KYD</td>
<td>Cayman Dollar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>KZT</td>
<td>Kazakhstani Tenge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LAK</td>
<td>Laotian Kip</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LBP</td>
<td>Lebanese Pound</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LKR</td>
<td>Sri Lankan Rupee</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LRD</td>
<td>Liberian Dollar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LSL</td>
<td>Lesotho Loti</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LTL</td>
<td>Lithuanian Lita</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LUF</td>
<td>Luxembourgian Franc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LVL</td>
<td>Latvian Lat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>LYD</td>
<td>Libyan Dinar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MAD</td>
<td>Moroccan Dirham</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MDL</td>
<td>Moldavian Lei</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MGF</td>
<td>Madagascan Franc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MNC</td>
<td>Monaco</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MNT</td>
<td>Mongolian Tugrik</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MOP</td>
<td>Macao Pataca</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MRO</td>
<td>Mauritanian Ouguiya</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MTL</td>
<td>Maltese Lira</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MUR</td>
<td>Mauritius Rupee</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MVR</td>
<td>Maldive Rufiyaa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MWK</td>
<td>Malawi Kwacha</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MXN</td>
<td>Mexican Peso (new)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MXP</td>
<td>Mexican Peso (old)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MYR</td>
<td>Malaysian Ringgit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MZM</td>
<td>Mozambique Metical</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>NGN</td>
<td>Nigerian Naira</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>NIC</td>
<td>Nicaragua</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>NIO</td>
<td>Nicaraguan Cordoba</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>NIS</td>
<td>Isreal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>NLG</td>
<td>Dutch Guilder</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>NOK</td>
<td>Norwegian Krone</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>NPR</td>
<td>Nepalese Rupee</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>NZD</td>
<td>New Zealand Dollars</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OMR</td>
<td>Omani Rial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>PAB</td>
<td>Panamanian Balboa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>PEI</td>
<td>Peruvian Inti</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>PEN</td>
<td>Peruvian Sol - New</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>PES</td>
<td>Peruvian Sol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>PGK</td>
<td>Papua New Guinea Kina</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>PHP</td>
<td>Philippino Peso</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>PKR</td>
<td>Pakistan Rupee</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>PLN</td>
<td>Polish Zloty</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>PLZ</td>
<td>Poland</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>PTE</td>
<td>Portuguese Escudo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>PYG</td>
<td>Paraguayan Guarani</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>QAR</td>
<td>Qatar Riyal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>RMB</td>
<td>Chinese Renminbi Yuan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ROL</td>
<td>Roumanian Lei</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>RUR</td>
<td>Russian Rouble</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>RWF</td>
<td>Rwanda Franc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SAR</td>
<td>Saudi Riyal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SBD</td>
<td>Solomon Islands Dollar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SCR</td>
<td>Seychelles Rupee</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SDP</td>
<td>Sudanese Pound</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SEK</td>
<td>Swedish Krona</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SGD</td>
<td>Singapore Dollar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SHP</td>
<td>St.Helena Pound</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SIT</td>
<td>Slovenian Tolar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SKK</td>
<td>Slovakian Krona</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SLL</td>
<td>Leone</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SOL</td>
<td>Peru</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SOS</td>
<td>Somalian Shilling</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SRG</td>
<td>Surinam Guilder</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>STD</td>
<td>Sao Tome / Principe Dobra</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SUR</td>
<td>Russian Ruble (old)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SVC</td>
<td>El Salvador Colon</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SYP</td>
<td>Syrian Pound</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>SZL</td>
<td>Swaziland Lilangeni</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>THB</td>
<td>Thailand Baht</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>TJR</td>
<td>Tadzhikistani Ruble</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>TMM</td>
<td>Turkmenistani Manat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>TND</td>
<td>Tunisian Dinar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>TOP</td>
<td>Tongan Pa'anga</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>TPE</td>
<td>Timor Escudo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>TRL</td>
<td>Turkish Lira</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>TTD</td>
<td>Trinidad and Tobago Dollar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>TWD</td>
<td>New Taiwan Dollar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>TZS</td>
<td>Tanzanian Shilling</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>UAK</td>
<td>Ukrainian Karbowanez</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>UGS</td>
<td>Ugandan Shilling</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>USD</td>
<td>American Dollar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>UYP</td>
<td>Uruguayan New Peso</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>UYU</td>
<td>Uruguay</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>VEB</td>
<td>Venezuelan Bolivar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>VND</td>
<td>Vietnamese Dong</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>VUV</td>
<td>Vanuatu Vatu</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>WST</td>
<td>Samoan Tala</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>XAF</td>
<td>Gabon C.f.A Franc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>XCD</td>
<td>East Carribean Dollar</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>XOF</td>
<td>Benin C.f.A. Franc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>YER</td>
<td>Yemeni Ryal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ZAR</td>
<td>South African Rand</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ZMK</td>
<td>Zambian Kwacha</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ZRZ</td>
<td>Zaire</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ZWD</td>
<td>Zimbabwean Dollar</td>
</tr>
</table>
<hr>
<p> Return to <a href="xacc-main.html"> Main Documentation
Page.</a></p>
</body>
</html>
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