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runtime: Include vim-tutor-mode

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vim-tutor-mode provides a mechanism to write and read interactive
tutorials in vim. It's aim is to replace the venerable vimtutor with a
more modern system.

The plugin's development is maintained at https://github.com/fmoralesc
/vim-tutor-mode

Closes #2351.
This commit is contained in:
Felipe Morales 2015-05-18 23:17:39 -03:00
parent 27f0e74542
commit 4fc1ab779d
12 changed files with 1771 additions and 40 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

350
runtime/autoload/tutor.vim Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
" vim: fdm=marker et ts=4 sw=4
" Setup: {{{1
function! tutor#SetupVim()
if has('syntax')
if !exists('g:syntax_on') || g:syntax_on == 0
syntax on
endif
endif
endfunction
" Mappings: {{{1
function! s:CheckMaps()
nmap
endfunction
function! s:MapKeyWithRedirect(key, cmd)
if maparg(a:key) !=# ''
redir => l:keys
silent call s:CheckMaps()
redir END
let l:key_list = split(l:keys, '\n')
let l:raw_map = filter(copy(l:key_list), "v:val =~# '\\* ".a:key."'")
if len(l:raw_map) == 0
exe "nnoremap <buffer> <expr> ".a:key." ".a:cmd
return
endif
let l:map_data = split(l:raw_map[0], '\s*')
exe "nnoremap <buffer> <expr> ".l:map_data[0]." ".a:cmd
else
exe "nnoremap <buffer> <expr> ".a:key." ".a:cmd
endif
endfunction
function! tutor#MouseDoubleClick()
if foldclosed(line('.')) > -1
normal! zo
else
if match(getline('.'), '^#\{1,} ') > -1
normal! zc
else
call tutor#FollowLink(0)
endif
endif
endfunction
function! tutor#InjectCommand()
let l:cmd = substitute(getline('.'), '^\s*', '', '')
exe l:cmd
redraw | echohl WarningMsg | echon "tutor: ran" | echohl None | echon " " | echohl Statement | echon l:cmd
endfunction
function! tutor#SetNormalMappings()
call s:MapKeyWithRedirect('l', 'tutor#ForwardSkipConceal(v:count1)')
call s:MapKeyWithRedirect('h', 'tutor#BackwardSkipConceal(v:count1)')
call s:MapKeyWithRedirect('<right>', 'tutor#ForwardSkipConceal(v:count1)')
call s:MapKeyWithRedirect('<left>', 'tutor#BackwardSkipConceal(v:count1)')
nnoremap <silent> <buffer> <CR> :call tutor#FollowLink(0)<cr>
nnoremap <silent> <buffer> <2-LeftMouse> :call tutor#MouseDoubleClick()<cr>
nnoremap <buffer> >> :call tutor#InjectCommand()<cr>
endfunction
function! tutor#SetSampleTextMappings()
noremap <silent> <buffer> A :if match(getline('.'), '^--->') > -1 \| call search('\s{\@=', 'Wc') \| startinsert \| else \| startinsert! \| endif<cr>
noremap <silent> <buffer> $ :if match(getline('.'), '^--->') > -1 \| call search('.\s{\@=', 'Wc') \| else \| call search('$', 'Wc') \| endif<cr>
onoremap <silent> <buffer> $ :if match(getline('.'), '^--->') > -1 \| call search('.\s{\@=', 'Wc') \| else \| call search('$', 'Wc') \| endif<cr>
noremap <silent> <buffer> ^ :if match(getline('.'), '^--->') > -1 \| call search('\(--->\s\)\@<=.', 'bcW') \| else \| call search('^', 'bcW') \|endif<cr>
onoremap <silent> <buffer> ^ :if match(getline('.'), '^--->') > -1 \| call search('\(--->\s\)\@<=.', 'bcW') \| else \| call search('^', 'bcW') \|endif<cr>
nmap <silent> <buffer> 0 ^<esc>
nmap <silent> <buffer> <Home> ^<esc>
nmap <silent> <buffer> <End> $
imap <silent> <buffer> <Home> <esc>^<esc>:startinsert<cr>
imap <silent> <buffer> <End> <esc>$:startinsert<cr>
noremap <silent> <buffer> I :exe "normal! 0" \| startinsert<cr>
endfunction
" Navigation: {{{1
" taken from http://stackoverflow.com/a/24224578
function! tutor#ForwardSkipConceal(count)
let cnt=a:count
let mvcnt=0
let c=col('.')
let l=line('.')
let lc=col('$')
let line=getline('.')
while cnt
if c>=lc
let mvcnt+=cnt
break
endif
if stridx(&concealcursor, 'n')==-1
let isconcealed=0
else
let [isconcealed, cchar, group] = synconcealed(l, c)
endif
if isconcealed
let cnt-=strchars(cchar)
let oldc=c
let c+=1
while c < lc
let [isconcealed2, cchar2, group2] = synconcealed(l, c)
if !isconcealed2 || cchar2 != cchar
break
endif
let c+= 1
endwhile
let mvcnt+=strchars(line[oldc-1:c-2])
else
let cnt-=1
let mvcnt+=1
let c+=len(matchstr(line[c-1:], '.'))
endif
endwhile
return mvcnt.'l'
endfunction
function! tutor#BackwardSkipConceal(count)
let cnt=a:count
let mvcnt=0
let c=col('.')
let l=line('.')
let lc=0
let line=getline('.')
while cnt
if c<=1
let mvcnt+=cnt
break
endif
if stridx(&concealcursor, 'n')==-1 || c == 0
let isconcealed=0
else
let [isconcealed, cchar, group]=synconcealed(l, c-1)
endif
if isconcealed
let cnt-=strchars(cchar)
let oldc=c
let c-=1
while c>1
let [isconcealed2, cchar2, group2] = synconcealed(l, c-1)
if !isconcealed2 || cchar2 != cchar
break
endif
let c-=1
endwhile
let c = max([c, 1])
let mvcnt+=strchars(line[c-1:oldc-2])
else
let cnt-=1
let mvcnt+=1
let c-=len(matchstr(line[:c-2], '.$'))
endif
endwhile
return mvcnt.'h'
endfunction
" Hypertext: {{{1
function! tutor#FollowLink(force)
let l:stack_s = join(map(synstack(line('.'), col('.')), 'synIDattr(v:val, "name")'), '')
if l:stack_s =~# 'tutorLink'
let l:link_start = searchpairpos('\[', '', ')', 'nbcW')
let l:link_end = searchpairpos('\[', '', ')', 'ncW')
if l:link_start[0] == l:link_end[0]
let l:linkData = getline(l:link_start[0])[l:link_start[1]-1:l:link_end[1]-1]
else
return
endif
let l:target = matchstr(l:linkData, '(\@<=.*)\@=')
if a:force != 1 && match(l:target, '\*.\+\*') > -1
call cursor(l:link_start[0], l:link_end[1])
call search(l:target, '')
normal! ^
elseif a:force != 1 && match(l:target, '^@tutor:') > -1
let l:tutor = matchstr(l:target, '@tutor:\zs.*')
exe "Tutor ".l:tutor
else
exe "help ".l:target
endif
endif
endfunction
" Folding And Info: {{{1
function! tutor#TutorFolds()
if getline(v:lnum) =~# '^#\{1,6}'
return ">". len(matchstr(getline(v:lnum), '^#\{1,6}'))
else
return "="
endif
endfunction
function! tutor#InfoText()
let l:info_parts = []
if exists('b:tutor_infofunc')
call add(l:info_parts, eval(b:tutor_infofunc.'()'))
endif
return join(l:info_parts, " ")
endfunction
" Marks {{{1
function! tutor#PlaceXMarks()
call cursor(1, 1)
let b:tutor_sign_id = 1
while search('^--->', 'W') > 0
call tutor#CheckText(getline('.'))
let b:tutor_sign_id+=1
endwhile
call cursor(1, 1)
endfunction
function! tutor#CheckText(text)
if match(a:text, '{expect:ANYTHING}\s*$') == -1
if match(getline('.'), '^--->\s*$') > -1
exe "sign place ".b:tutor_sign_id." line=".line('.')." name=tutorbad buffer=".bufnr('%')
else
if match(getline('.'), '|expect:.\+|') == -1
let l:cur_text = matchstr(a:text, '---> \zs.\{-}\ze {expect:')
let l:expected_text = matchstr(a:text, '{expect:\zs.*\ze}\s*$')
else
let l:cur_text = matchstr(a:text, '---> \zs.\{-}\ze |expect:')
let l:expected_text = matchstr(a:text, '|expect:\zs.*\ze|\s*$')
endif
if l:cur_text ==# l:expected_text
exe "sign place ".b:tutor_sign_id." line=".line('.')." name=tutorok buffer=".bufnr('%')
else
exe "sign place ".b:tutor_sign_id." line=".line('.')." name=tutorbad buffer=".bufnr('%')
endif
endif
endif
endfunction
function! tutor#OnTextChanged()
let l:text = getline('.')
if match(l:text, '^--->') > -1
call tutor#CheckText(l:text)
endif
endfunction
" Tutor Cmd: {{{1
function! s:Locale()
let l:lang = ""
if exists('v:lang') && v:lang =~ '\a\a'
let l:lang = v:lang
elseif $LC_ALL =~ '\a\a'
let l:lang = $LC_ALL
elseif $LANG =~ '\a\a'
let l:lang = $LANG
endif
return split(l:lang, '_')
endfunction
function! s:GlobPath(lp, pat)
if version >= 704 && has('patch279')
return globpath(a:lp, a:pat, 0, 1)
else
return split(globpath(a:lp, a:pat, 0), '\n')
endif
endfunction
function! s:Sort(a, b)
let mod_a = fnamemodify(a:a, ':t')
let mod_b = fnamemodify(a:b, ':t')
if mod_a == mod_b
let retval = 0
elseif mod_a > mod_b
if match(mod_a, '^vim-') > -1 && match(mod_b, '^vim-') == -1
let retval = -1
else
let retval = 1
endif
else
if match(mod_b, '^vim-') > -1 && match(mod_a, '^vim-') == -1
let retval = 1
else
let retval = -1
endif
endif
return retval
endfunction
function! s:GlobTutorials(name)
" search for tutorials:
" 1. non-localized
let l:tutors = s:GlobPath(&rtp, 'tutor/'.a:name.'.tutor')
" 2. localized for current locale
let l:locale_tutors = s:GlobPath(&rtp, 'tutor/'.s:Locale()[0].'/'.a:name.'.tutor')
" 3. fallback to 'en'
if len(l:locale_tutors) == 0
let l:locale_tutors = s:GlobPath(&rtp, 'tutor/en/'.a:name.'.tutor')
endif
call extend(l:tutors, l:locale_tutors)
return uniq(sort(l:tutors, 's:Sort'), 's:Sort')
endfunction
function! tutor#TutorCmd(tutor_name)
if match(a:tutor_name, '[[:space:]]') > 0
echom "Only one argument accepted (check spaces)"
return
endif
if a:tutor_name == ''
let l:tutor_name = 'vim-01-beginner.tutor'
else
let l:tutor_name = a:tutor_name
endif
if match(l:tutor_name, '\.tutor$') > 0
let l:tutor_name = fnamemodify(l:tutor_name, ':r')
endif
let l:tutors = s:GlobTutorials(l:tutor_name)
if len(l:tutors) == 0
echom "No tutorial with that name found"
return
endif
if len(l:tutors) == 1
let l:to_open = l:tutors[0]
else
let l:idx = 0
let l:candidates = ['Several tutorials with that name found. Select one:']
for candidate in map(copy(l:tutors),
\'fnamemodify(v:val, ":h:h:t")."/".s:Locale()[0]."/".fnamemodify(v:val, ":t")')
let l:idx += 1
call add(l:candidates, l:idx.'. '.candidate)
endfor
let l:tutor_to_open = inputlist(l:candidates)
let l:to_open = l:tutors[l:tutor_to_open-1]
endif
if has('gui') || has('nvim')
exe "drop ".l:to_open
else
exe "edit ".l:to_open
endif
endfunction
function! tutor#TutorCmdComplete(lead,line,pos)
let l:tutors = s:GlobTutorials('*')
let l:names = uniq(sort(map(l:tutors, 'fnamemodify(v:val, ":t:r")'), 's:Sort'))
return join(l:names, "\n")
endfunction

2
runtime/doc/options.txt
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@ -5238,7 +5238,7 @@ A jump table for the options with a short description can be found at |Q_op|.
print/ files for printing |postscript-print-encoding|
spell/ spell checking files |spell|
syntax/ syntax files |mysyntaxfile|
tutor/ files for vimtutor |tutor|
tutor/ tutorial files |:Tutor|
And any other file searched for with the |:runtime| command.

50
runtime/doc/pi_tutor.txt Normal file
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*pi_tutor.txt* Interactive tutorials.
*vim-tutor-mode*
vim-tutor-mode provides a system to follow and create interactive tutorials
for vim and third party plugins. It replaces the venerable `vimtutor` system.
==============================================================================
1. Usage *vim-tutor-usage*
vim-tutor-mode tutorials are hypertext documents, they have rich text and
contain links. To stand out from the rest of the text, links are underlined.
You can follow them by placing the cursor over them and pressing <Enter>, or
by double-clicking them.
1.1 Commands
------------
*:Tutor*
:Tutor {tutorial} Opens a tutorial. Command-line completion for
{tutorial} is provided, the candidates are a list of
'.tutor' files found in the 'tutor/' folder in
the 'runtimepath'. Tutorials prefixed with 'vim-' will
always be shown first.
If no {tutorial} is provided, the command starts the
'vim-01-beginner' tutorial, which is equivalent to
Vim's `vimtutor`.
=============================================================================
2. Creating tutorials *vim-tutor-create*
Writing vim-tutor-mode tutorials is easy. For an overview of the format used,
please consult the 'tutor.tutor' file: >
:Tutor tutor
<
New tutorials must be placed in the 'tutor/' folder in the 'runtimepath'
to be detected by the :Tutor command.
It is recommended to use a less formal style when writing tutorials than in
regular documentation (unless the content requires it).
============================================================================
3. Contributing
Development of the plugin is done over at github [1]. Feel free to report
issues and make suggestions.
[1]: https://github.com/fmoralesc/vim-tutor-mode
" vim: set ft=help :

42
runtime/doc/usr_01.txt
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@ -70,52 +70,18 @@ If the file already exists you probably want to keep it.
For more info see |vimrc|.
==============================================================================
*01.3* Using the Vim tutor *tutor* *vimtutor*
*01.3* Using the Vim tutor *tutor* *vimtutor*
Instead of reading the text (boring!) you can use the vimtutor to learn your
first Vim commands. This is a 30 minute tutorial that teaches the most basic
Vim functionality hands-on.
On Unix, if Vim has been properly installed, you can start it from the shell:
>
vimtutor
To start the tutorial, execute >
On MS-Windows you can find it in the Program/Vim menu. Or execute
vimtutor.bat in the $VIMRUNTIME directory.
This will make a copy of the tutor file, so that you can edit it without
the risk of damaging the original.
There are a few translated versions of the tutor. To find out if yours is
available, use the two-letter language code. For French: >
vimtutor fr
On Unix, if you prefer using the GUI version of Vim, use "gvimtutor" or
"vimtutor -g", optionally with a two-letter language code.
On other systems, you have to do a little work:
1. Copy the tutor file. You can do this with Vim (it knows where to find it):
>
vim -u NONE -c 'e $VIMRUNTIME/tutor/tutor' -c 'w! TUTORCOPY' -c 'q'
:Tutor
<
This will write the file "TUTORCOPY" in the current directory. To use a
translated version of the tutor, append the two-letter language code to the
filename. For French:
>
vim -u NONE -c 'e $VIMRUNTIME/tutor/tutor.fr' -c 'w! TUTORCOPY' -c 'q'
<
2. Edit the copied file with Vim:
>
vim -u NONE TUTORCOPY
<
The extra arguments make sure Vim is started in a good mood.
from within nvim. The tutorial will lead you from that point. Have fun!
3. Delete the copied file when you are finished with it:
>
del TUTORCOPY
<
==============================================================================
*01.4* Copyright *manual-copyright*

2
runtime/doc/usr_02.txt
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@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ right and j points down. In a picture: >
The best way to learn these commands is by using them. Use the "i" command to
insert some more lines of text. Then use the hjkl keys to move around and
insert a word somewhere. Don't forget to press <Esc> to go back to Normal
mode. The |vimtutor| is also a nice way to learn by doing.
mode. |:Tutor| is also a nice way to learn by doing.
For Japanese users, Hiroshi Iwatani suggested using this:

3
runtime/filetype.vim
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@ -2259,6 +2259,9 @@ au BufNewFile,BufReadPost *.tssop setf tssop
" TSS - Command Line (temporary)
au BufNewFile,BufReadPost *.tsscl setf tsscl
" Tutor mode
au BufNewFile,BufReadPost *.tutor setf tutor
" TWIG files
au BufNewFile,BufReadPost *.twig setf twig

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runtime/ftplugin/tutor.vim Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
" vim: fdm=marker
" Base: {{{1
call tutor#SetupVim()
" Buffer Settings: {{{1
if !exists('g:tutor_debug') || g:tutor_debug == 0
setlocal buftype=nofile
setlocal concealcursor+=inv
setlocal conceallevel=2
else
setlocal buftype=
setlocal concealcursor&
setlocal conceallevel=0
endif
setlocal noundofile
setlocal keywordprg=:help
setlocal iskeyword=@,-,_
setlocal foldmethod=expr
setlocal foldexpr=tutor#TutorFolds()
setlocal foldcolumn=3
setlocal foldlevel=4
setlocal statusline=%{toupper(expand('%:t:r'))}\ tutorial%=
setlocal statusline+=%{tutor#InfoText()}
" Mappings: {{{1
call tutor#SetNormalMappings()
call tutor#SetSampleTextMappings()
" Checks: {{{1
sign define tutorok text=✓ texthl=tutorOK
sign define tutorbad text=✗ texthl=tutorX
if !exists('g:tutor_debug') || g:tutor_debug == 0
call tutor#PlaceXMarks()
autocmd! TextChanged <buffer> call tutor#OnTextChanged()
autocmd! TextChangedI <buffer> call tutor#OnTextChanged()
endif

6
runtime/plugin/tutor.vim Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
if exists('g:loaded_tutor_mode_plugin') || &compatible
finish
endif
let g:loaded_tutor_mode_plugin = 1
command! -nargs=? -complete=custom,tutor#TutorCmdComplete Tutor call tutor#TutorCmd(<q-args>)

83
runtime/syntax/tutor.vim Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
if exists("b:current_syntax")
finish
endif
syn include @VIM syntax/vim.vim
unlet b:current_syntax
syn include @TUTORSHELL syntax/sh.vim
unlet b:current_syntax
syn include @VIMNORMAL syntax/vimnormal.vim
syn match tutorLink /\[.\{-}\](.\{-})/ contains=tutorInlineNormal
syn match tutorLinkBands /\[\|\]\|(\|)/ contained containedin=tutorLink,tutorLinkAnchor conceal
syn match tutorLinkAnchor /(.\{-})/ contained containedin=tutorLink conceal
syn match tutorURL /\(https\?\|file\):\/\/[[:graph:]]\+\>\/\?/
syn match tutorEmail /\<[[:graph:]]\+@[[:graph:]]\+\>/
syn match tutorInternalAnchor /\*[[:alnum:]-]\+\*/ contained conceal containedin=tutorSection
syn match tutorSection /^#\{1,6}\s.\+$/ fold
syn match tutorSectionBullet /#/ contained containedin=tutorSection
syn match tutorTOC /\ctable of contents:/
syn match tutorConcealedEscapes /\\[`*!\[\]()«»:$-]\@=/ conceal
syn region tutorEmphasis matchgroup=Delimiter start=/[\*]\@<!\*\*\@!/ end=/[\*]\@<!\*\*\@!/
\ concealends contains=tutorInlineCommand,tutorInlineNormal
syn region tutorBold matchgroup=Delimiter start=/\*\{2}/ end=/\*\{2}/
\ concealends contains=tutorInlineCommand,tutorInlineNormal
syn keyword tutorMarks TODO NOTE IMPORTANT TIP ATTENTION EXERCISE
syn keyword tutorMarks todo note tip attention exercise
syn keyword tutorMarks Todo Note Tip Excersise
syn match tutorTextMark /\\\@<!--->/ conceal cchar=→
syn region tutorSampleText start=/^\(--->\)\@=/ end=/$/ keepend contains=@SPELL
syn match tutorSampleTextMark /^--->/ contained containedin=tutorSampleText conceal cchar=→
syn match tutorSampleTextExpect /\}\@<! {expect:.\+}\s*$/ contained containedin=tutorSampleText conceal
syn match tutorSampleTextExpect /|\@<! |expect:.\+|\s*$/ contained containedin=tutorSampleText conceal
syn region tutorCodeblock matchgroup=Delimiter start=/^\~\{3}.*$/ end=/^\~\{3}/
syn region tutorShell matchgroup=Delimiter start=/^\~\{3} sh\s*$/ end=/^\~\{3}/ keepend contains=@TUTORSHELL concealends
syn match tutorShellPrompt /\(^\s*\)\@<=[$#]/ contained containedin=tutorShell
syn region tutorInlineCode matchgroup=Delimiter start=/\\\@<!`/ end=/\\\@<!\(`{\@!\|`\s\)/ concealends
syn region tutorCommand matchgroup=Delimiter start=/^\~\{3} cmd\( :\)\?\s*$/ end=/^\~\{3}/ keepend contains=@VIM concealends
syn region tutorInlineCommand matchgroup=Delimiter start=/\\\@<!`\(.*{vim}\)\@=/ end=/\\\@<!`\({vim}\)\@=/ nextgroup=tutorInlineType contains=@VIM concealends
syn region tutorNormal matchgroup=Delimiter start=/^\~\{3} norm\(al\?\)\?\s*$/ end=/^\~\{3}/ contains=@VIMNORMAL concealends
syn region tutorInlineNormal matchgroup=Delimiter start=/\\\@<!`\(\S*{normal}\)\@=/ end=/\\\@<!`\({normal}\)\@=/ nextgroup=tutorInlineType contains=@VIMNORMAL concealends
syn match tutorInlineType /{\(normal\|vim\)}/ contained conceal
syn match tutorInlineOK /✓/
syn match tutorInlineX /✗/
hi! tutorLink cterm=underline gui=underline ctermfg=lightblue guifg=#0088ff
hi! link tutorLinkBands Delimiter
hi! link tutorLinkAnchor Underlined
hi! link tutorInternalAnchor Underlined
hi! link tutorURL tutorLink
hi! link tutorEmail tutorLink
hi! link tutorSection Title
hi! link tutorSectionBullet Delimiter
hi! link tutorTOC Directory
hi! tutorMarks cterm=bold gui=bold
hi! tutorEmphasis gui=italic cterm=italic
hi! tutorBold gui=bold cterm=bold
hi! link tutorSampleText Special
hi! tutorOK ctermfg=green guifg=#00ff88 cterm=bold gui=bold
hi! tutorX ctermfg=red guifg=#ff2000 cterm=bold gui=bold
hi! link tutorInlineOK tutorOK
hi! link tutorInlineX tutorX
hi! link tutorShellPrompt Delimiter
let b:current_syntax = "tutor"

16
runtime/syntax/vimnormal.vim Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
syn match normalOp /[dcrypoaxv!"#%&.-\/:<>=?@ABCDGHIJKLMNOPQRSUVWXYZgmqstz~iu]/ nextgroup=normalMod
syn match normalMod /m\@<![ia]/
syn match normalObject /["'()<>BW\[\]`bstweE{}ftFT;,$]/
syn match normalCount /[0-9]/
syn region normalSearch start=/[/?]\@<=./ end=/.<CR>\@=/ contains=normalKey keepend
syn region normalChange start=/\([cr][wWbBeE()\[\]{}pst]\)\@<=./ end=/.\@=/ contains=normalKey keepend
syn match normalCharSearch /\c[ftr]\@<=\w/
syn match normalMark /\(f\@<!m\)\@<=[a-zA-Z0-9]/
syn match normalKey /<'\@!.\{-}>'\@!/
hi! link normalOp Operator
hi! link normalMod PreProc
hi! link normalObject Structure
hi! link normalCount Number
hi! link normalMark Identifier
hi! link normalKey Special

955
runtime/tutor/en/vim-01-beginner.tutor Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,955 @@
# Welcome to the VIM Tutor
Vim is a very powerful editor that has many commands, too many to explain in a
tutor such as this. This tutor is designed to describe enough of the commands
that you will be able to easily use Vim as an all-purpose editor. It is
IMPORTANT to remember that this tutor is set up to teach by use. That means
that you need to do the exercises to learn them properly. If you only read
the text, you will soon forget what is most important!
NOTE: The commands in the lessons will modify the text, but those changes won't
be saved. Don't worry about messing things up; just remember that pressing
[<Esc>](<Esc>) and then [u](u) will undo the latest change.
This tutorial is interactive, and there are a few things you should know.
Pressing [<Enter>](<Enter>) over text highlighted [like this](holy-grail) will take you to some relevant
help (hopefully), and pressing K over any word will try to do so too. Sometimes
you will be required to modify text like
---> this here {expect:this here}
Once you have done the changes correctly, the ✗ sign at the left will change
to ✓. I imagine you can already see how neat Vim can be ;)
Other times, you'll be prompted to run a command (I'll explain this later):
~~~ cmd
:help <Enter>
~~~
or press a sequence of keys
~~~ normal
<Esc>0f<Space>d3wP$P
~~~
Text within <'s and >'s (like `<Enter>`{normal}) describes a key to press instead of text
to type.
Now, make sure that your Shift-Lock key is NOT depressed and press the `j`{normal}
key enough times to move the cursor so that Lesson 1.1 completely fills the
screen.
## Lesson 1.1: MOVING THE CURSOR
** To move the cursor, press the `h`, `j`, `k`, `l` keys as indicated. **
↑
k Hint: The h key is at the left and moves left.
← h l → The l key is at the right and moves right.
j The j key looks like a down arrow.
↓
1. Move the cursor around the screen until you are comfortable.
2. Hold down the down key (j) until it repeats.
Now you know how to move to the next lesson.
3. Using the down key, move to Lesson 1.2.
NOTE: If you are ever unsure about something you typed, press <Esc> to place
you in Normal mode. Then retype the command you wanted.
NOTE: The cursor keys should also work. But using hjkl you will be able to
move around much faster, once you get used to it. Really!
# Lesson 1.2: EXITING VIM
!! NOTE: Before executing any of the steps below, read this entire lesson !!
1. Press the <Esc> key (to make sure you are in [Normal mode]().
2. Type:
`:q!`{vim} `<Enter>`{normal}.
This exits the editor, DISCARDING any changes you have made.
3. Open vim and get back here by executing the command that got you into this
tutor. That might be:
:Tutor <Enter>
4. If you have these steps memorized and are confident, execute steps
1 through 3 to exit and re-enter the editor.
NOTE: [:q!](:q) <Enter> discards any changes you made. In a few lessons you
will learn how to save the changes to a file.
5. Move the cursor down to Lesson 1.3.
## Lesson 1.3: TEXT EDITING - DELETION
** Press `x`{normal} to delete the character under the cursor. **
1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
2. To fix the errors, move the cursor until it is on top of the
character to be deleted.
3. Press [the x key](x) to delete the unwanted character.
4. Repeat steps 2 through 4 until the sentence is correct.
---> The ccow jumpedd ovverr thhe mooon. {expect:The cow jumped over the moon.}
5. Now that the line is correct, go on to Lesson 1.4.
NOTE: As you go through this tutor, do not try to memorize, learn by usage.
# Lesson 1.4: TEXT EDITING: INSERTION
** Press `i`{normal} to insert text. **
1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
2. To make the first line the same as the second, move the cursor on top
of the first character AFTER where the text is to be inserted.
3. Press i and type in the necessary additions.
4. As each error is fixed press <Esc> to return to Normal mode.
Repeat steps 2 through 4 to correct the sentence.
---> There is text misng this . {expect:There is some text missing from this line.}
---> There is some text missing from this line. {expect:There is some text missing from this line.}
5. When you are comfortable inserting text move to lesson 1.5.
# Lesson 1.5: TEXT EDITING: APPENDING
** Press `A`{normal} to append text. **
1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
It does not matter on what character the cursor is in that line.
2. Press [A](A) and type in the necessary additions.
3. As the text has been appended press <Esc> to return to Normal mode.
4. Move the cursor to the second line marked ---> and repeat
steps 2 and 3 to correct this sentence.
---> There is some text missing from th {expect:There is some text missing from this line.}
---> There is some text missing from this line. {expect:There is some text missing from this line.}
---> There is also some text miss {expect:There is also some text missing here.}
---> There is also some text missing here. {expect:There is also some text missing here.}
5. When you are comfortable appending text move to lesson 1.6.
# Lesson 1.6: EDITING A FILE
** Use `:wq`{vim} to save a file and exit. **
!! NOTE: Before executing any of the steps below, read this entire lesson !!
1. Exit this tutor as you did in lesson 1.2: :q!
Or, if you have access to another terminal, do the following there.
2. At the shell prompt type this command:
~~~ sh
$ vim tutor
~~~
'vim' is the command to start the Vim editor, 'tutor' is the name of the
file you wish to edit. Use a file that may be changed.
3. Insert and delete text as you learned in the previous lessons.
4. Save the file with changes and exit Vim with:
~~~ cmd
:wq
~~~
Note you'll need to press `<Enter>` to execute the command.
5. If you have quit vimtutor in step 1 restart the vimtutor and move down to
the following summary.
6. After reading the above steps and understanding them: do it.
# Lesson 1 SUMMARY
1. The cursor is moved using either the arrow keys or the hjkl keys.
h (left) j (down) k (up) l (right)
2. To start Vim from the shell prompt type:
~~~ sh
$ vim FILENAME
~~~
3. To exit Vim type: <Esc> :q! <Enter> to trash all changes.
OR type: <Esc> :wq <Enter> to save the changes.
4. To delete the character at the cursor type: `x`{normal}
5. To insert or append text type:
`i`{normal} type inserted text `<Esc>`{normal} insert before the cursor
`A`{normal} type appended text `<Esc>`{normal} append after the line
NOTE: Pressing `<Esc>`{normal} will place you in Normal mode or will cancel
an unwanted and partially completed command.
Now continue with Lesson 2.
# Lesson 2.1: DELETION COMMANDS
** Type `dw`{normal} to delete a word. **
1. Press `<Esc>`{normal} to make sure you are in Normal mode.
2. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
3. Move the cursor to the beginning of a word that needs to be deleted.
4. Type [d](d)[w](w) to make the word disappear.
---> There are a some words fun that don't belong paper in this sentence. {expect:There are some words that don't belong in this sentence.}
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the sentence is correct and go to Lesson 2.2.
# Lesson 2.2: MORE DELETION COMMANDS
** Type `d$`{normal} to delete to the end of the line. **
1. Press <Esc> to make sure you are in Normal mode.
2. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
3. Move the cursor to the end of the correct line (AFTER the first . ).
4. Type `d$`{normal} to delete to the end of the line.
---> Somebody typed the end of this line twice. end of this line twice. {expect:ANYTHING}
5. Move on to Lesson 2.3 to understand what is happening.
# Lesson 2.3: ON OPERATORS AND MOTIONS
Many commands that change text are made from an [operator](operator) and a [motion](navigation).
The format for a delete command with the [d](d) delete operator is as follows:
d motion
Where:
d - is the delete operator.
motion - is what the operator will operate on (listed below).
A short list of motions:
[w](w) - until the start of the next word, EXCLUDING its first character.
[e](e) - to the end of the current word, INCLUDING the last character.
[$]($) - to the end of the line, INCLUDING the last character.
Thus typing `de`{normal} will delete from the cursor to the end of the word.
NOTE: Pressing just the motion while in Normal mode without an operator will
move the cursor as specified.
# Lesson 2.4: USING A COUNT FOR A MOTION
** Typing a number before a motion repeats it that many times. **
1. Move the cursor to the start of the line marked ---> below.
2. Type `2w`{normal} to move the cursor two words forward.
3. Type `3e`{normal} to move the cursor to the end of the third word forward.
4. Type `0`{normal} ([zero](0)) to move to the start of the line.
5. Repeat steps 2 and 3 with different numbers.
---> This is just a line with words you can move around in. {expect:ANYTHING}
6. Move on to Lesson 2.5.
# Lesson 2.5: USING A COUNT TO DELETE MORE
** Typing a number with an operator repeats it that many times. **
In the combination of the delete operator and a motion mentioned above you
insert a count before the motion to delete more:
d number motion
1. Move the cursor to the first UPPER CASE word in the line marked --->.
2. Type `d2w`{normal} to delete the two UPPER CASE words
3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 with a different count to delete the consecutive
UPPER CASE words with one command
---> this ABC DE line FGHI JK LMN OP of words is Q RS TUV cleaned up. {expect:this line of words is cleaned up.}
# Lesson 2.6: OPERATING ON LINES
** Type dd to delete a whole line. **
Due to the frequency of whole line deletion, the designers of Vi decided
it would be easier to simply type two d's to delete a line.
1. Move the cursor to the second line in the phrase below.
2. Type [dd](dd) to delete the line.
3. Now move to the fourth line.
4. Type `2dd`{normal} to delete two lines.
---> 1) Roses are red, {expect:ANYTHING}
---> 2) Mud is fun, {expect:ANYTHING}
---> 3) Violets are blue, {expect:ANYTHING}
---> 4) I have a car, {expect:ANYTHING}
---> 5) Clocks tell time, {expect:ANYTHING}
---> 6) Sugar is sweet {expect:ANYTHING}
---> 7) And so are you. {expect:ANYTHING}
# Lesson 2.7: THE UNDO COMMAND
** Press u to undo the last commands, U to fix a whole line. **
1. Move the cursor to the line below marked ---> and place it on the
first error.
2. Type `x`{normal} to delete the first unwanted character.
3. Now type `u`{normal} to undo the last command executed.
4. This time fix all the errors on the line using the `x`{normal} command.
5. Now type a capital `U`{normal} to return the line to its original state.
6. Now type `u`{normal} a few times to undo the U and preceding commands.
7. Now type `<Ctrl-r>`{normal} a few times to redo the commands (undo the undo's).
---> Fiix the errors oon thhis line and reeplace them witth undo. {expect:Fix the errors on this line and replace them with undo.}
8. These are very useful commands. Now move on to the Lesson 2 Summary.
# Lesson 2 SUMMARY
1. To delete from the cursor up to the next word type: `dw`{normal}
2. To delete from the cursor to the end of a line type: `d$`{normal}
3. To delete a whole line type: `dd`{normal}
4. To repeat a motion prepend it with a number: `2w`{normal}
5. The format for a change command is:
operator [number] motion
where:
operator - is what to do, such as [d](d) for delete
[number] - is an optional count to repeat the motion
motion - moves over the text to operate on, such as:
[w](w) (word),
[$]($) (to the end of line), etc.
6. To move to the start of the line use a zero: [0](0)
7. To undo previous actions, type: `u`{normal} (lowercase u)
To undo all the changes on a line, type: `U`{normal} (capital U)
To undo the undo's, type: `<Ctrl-r>`{normal}
# Lesson 3.1: THE PUT COMMAND
** Type p to put previously deleted text after the cursor. **
1. Move the cursor to the first ---> line below.
2. Type `dd`{normal} to delete the line and store it in a Vim register.
3. Move the cursor to the c) line, ABOVE where the deleted line should go.
4. Type `p`{normal} to put the line below the cursor.
5. Repeat steps 2 through 4 to put all the lines in correct order.
---> d) Can you learn too? {expect:ANYTHING}
---> b) Violets are blue, {expect:ANYTHING}
---> c) Intelligence is learned, {expect:ANYTHING}
---> a) Roses are red, {expect:ANYTHING}
# Lesson 3.2: THE REPLACE COMMAND
** Type `rx`{normal} to replace the character at the cursor with x. **
1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
2. Move the cursor so that it is on top of the first error.
3. Type `r`{normal} and then the character which should be there.
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the first line is equal to the second one.
---> Whan this lime was tuoed in, someone presswd some wrojg keys! {expect:When this line was typed in, someone pressed some wrong keys!}
---> When this line was typed in, someone pressed some wrong keys! {expect:When this line was typed in, someone pressed some wrong keys!}
5. Now move on to Lesson 3.3.
NOTE: Remember that you should be learning by doing, not memorization.
# Lesson 3.3: THE CHANGE OPERATOR
** To change until the end of a word, type `ce`{normal} **
1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->.
2. Place the cursor on the "u" in "lubw".
3. Type `ce`{normal} and the correct word (in this case, type "ine" ).
4. Press `<Esc>`{normal} and move to the next character that needs to be changed.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the first sentence is the same as the second.
---> This lubw has a few wptfd that mrrf changing usf the change operator. {expect:This line has a few words that need changing using the change operator.}
---> This line has a few words that need changing using the change operator. {expect:This line has a few words that need changing using the change operator.}
Notice that [c](c)e deletes the word and places you in Insert mode.
# Lesson 3.4: MORE CHANGES USING c
** The change operator is used with the same motions as delete. **
1. The change operator works in the same way as delete. The format is:
c [number] motion
2. The motions are the same, such as `w`{normal} (word) and `$`{normal} (end of line).
3. Move to the first line below marked --->.
4. Move the cursor to the first error.
5. Type `c$`{normal} and type the rest of the line like the second and press `<Esc>`{normal}.
---> The end of this line needs some help to make it like the second. {expect:The end of this line needs to be corrected using the c$ command.}
---> The end of this line needs to be corrected using the c$ command. {expect:The end of this line needs to be corrected using the c$ command.}
NOTE: You can use the Backspace key to correct mistakes while typing.
# Lesson 3 SUMMARY
1. To put back text that has just been deleted, type [p](p). This puts the
deleted text AFTER the cursor (if a line was deleted it will go on the
line below the cursor).
2. To replace the character under the cursor, type [r](r) and then the
character you want to have there.
3. The [change operator](c) allows you to change from the cursor to where the
motion takes you. eg. Type `ce`{normal} to change from the cursor to the end of
the word, `c$`{normal} to change to the end of a line.
4. The format for change is:
c [number] motion
Now go on to the next lesson.
# Lesson 4.1: CURSOR LOCATION AND FILE STATUS
** Type `<Ctrl-g>`{normal} to show your location in the file and the file status.
Type `G`{normal} to move to a line in the file. **
NOTE: Read this entire lesson before executing any of the steps!!
1. Hold down the `<Ctrl>`{normal} key and press `g`{normal}. We call this `<Ctrl-g>`{normal}.
A message will appear at the bottom of the page with the filename and the
position in the file. Remember the line number for Step 3.
NOTE: You may see the cursor position in the lower right corner of the screen
This happens when the ['ruler']('ruler') option is set (see :help 'ruler' )
2. Press [G](G) to move you to the bottom of the file.
Type [gg](gg) to move you to the start of the file.
3. Type the number of the line you were on and then `G`{normal} . This will
return you to the line you were on when you first pressed `<Ctrl-g>`{normal}.
4. If you feel confident to do this, execute steps 1 through 3.
# Lesson 4.2: THE SEARCH COMMAND
** Type `/`{normal} followed by a phrase to search for the phrase. **
1. In Normal mode type the `/`{normal} character. Notice that it and the cursor
appear at the bottom of the screen as with the : command.
2. Now type 'errroor' `<Enter>`{normal}. This is the word you want to search for.
3. To search for the same phrase again, simply type [n](n) .
To search for the same phrase in the opposite direction, type [N](N) .
4. To search for a phrase in the backward direction, use [?](?) instead of / .
5. To go back to where you came from press `<Ctrl-o>`{normal} (Keep Ctrl down while
pressing the letter o). Repeat to go back further. `<Ctrl-i>`{normal} goes forward.
---> "errroor" is not the way to spell error; errroor is an error. {expect:ANYTHING}
NOTE: When the search reaches the end of the file it will continue at the
start, unless the ['wrapscan']('wrapscan') option has been reset.
# Lesson 4.3: MATCHING PARENTHESES SEARCH
** Type `%`{normal} to find a matching ),], or }. **
1. Place the cursor on any (, [, or { in the line below marked --->.
2. Now type the [%](%) character.
3. The cursor will move to the matching parenthesis or bracket.
4. Type `%`{normal} to move the cursor to the other matching bracket.
5. Move the cursor to another (,),[,],{ or } and see what `%`{normal} does.
---> This ( is a test line with ('s, ['s ] and {'s } in it. )) {expect:ANYTHING}
NOTE: This is very useful in debugging a program with unmatched parentheses!
# Lesson 4.4: THE SUBSTITUTE COMMAND
** Type `:s/old/new/g` to substitute "new" for "old". **
1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
2. Type
~~~ cmd
:s/thee/the/
~~~
NOTE that the [:s](:s) command only changed the first occurrence of "thee" in the line.
3. Now type
~~~ cmd
:s/thee/the/g
~~~
Adding the g [flag](:s_flags) means to substitute globally in the line, change
all occurrences of "thee" in the line.
---> thee best time to see thee flowers is in thee spring. {expect:the best time to see the flowers is in the spring.}
4. To change every occurrence of a character string between two lines, type
~~~ cmd
:#,#s/old/new/g
~~~
where #,# are the line numbers of the range of lines where the substitution is to be done.
Type
~~~ cmd
:%s/old/new/g
~~~
to change every occurrence in the whole file.
Type
~~~ cmd
:%s/old/new/gc
~~~
to find every occurrence in the whole file, with a prompt whether to substitute or not.
# Lesson 4 SUMMARY
1. `<Ctrl-g>`{normal} displays your location in the file and the file status.
`G`{normal} moves to the end of the file.
number `G`{normal} moves to that line number.
`gg`{normal} moves to the first line.
2. Typing `/`{normal} followed by a phrase searches FORWARD for the phrase.
Typing `?`{normal} followed by a phrase searches BACKWARD for the phrase.
After a search type `n`{normal} to find the next occurrence in the same direction
or `N`{normal} to search in the opposite direction.
`<Ctrl-o>`{normal} takes you back to older positions, `<Ctrl-i>`{normal} to newer positions.
3. Typing `%`{normal} while the cursor is on a (,),[,],{, or } goes to its match.
4. To substitute new for the first old in a line type
~~~ cmd
:s/old/new
~~~
To substitute new for all 'old's on a line type
~~~ cmd
:s/old/new/g
~~~
To substitute phrases between two line #'s type
~~~ cmd
:#,#s/old/new/g
~~~
To substitute all occurrences in the file type
~~~ cmd
:%s/old/new/g
~~~
To ask for confirmation each time add 'c'
~~~ cmd
:%s/old/new/gc
~~~
# Lesson 5.1: HOW TO EXECUTE AN EXTERNAL COMMAND
** Type `:!`{vim} followed by an external command to execute that command. **
1. Type the familiar command `:`{normal} to set the cursor at the bottom of the
screen. This allows you to enter a command-line command.
2. Now type the [!](!cmd) (exclamation point) character. This allows you to
execute any external shell command.
3. As an example type "ls" following the "!" and then hit `<Enter>`{normal}. This
will show you a listing of your directory, just as if you were at the
shell prompt.
NOTE: It is possible to execute any external command this way, also with
arguments.
NOTE: All : commands must be finished by hitting <Enter>
From here on we will not always mention it.
# Lesson 5.2: MORE ON WRITING FILES
** To save the changes made to the text, type `:w`{vim} FILENAME. **
1. Type `:!ls`{vim} to get a listing of your directory.
You already know you must hit `<Enter>`{normal} after this.
2. Choose a filename that does not exist yet, such as TEST.
3. Now type:
~~~ cmd
:w TEST
~~~
(where TEST is the filename you chose.)
4. This saves the whole file (the Vim Tutor) under the name TEST.
To verify this, type `:!ls`{vim} again to see your directory.
NOTE: If you were to exit Vim and start it again with vim TEST , the file
would be an exact copy of the tutor when you saved it.
5. Now remove the file by typing:
~~~ cmd
:!rm TEST
~~~
# Lesson 5.3: SELECTING TEXT TO WRITE
** To save part of the file, type `v`{normal} motion `:w FILENAME`{vim} **
1. Move the cursor to this line.
2. Press [v](v) and move the cursor to the fifth item below. Notice that the
text is highlighted.
3. Press the `:`{normal} character. At the bottom of the screen
:'<,'>
will appear.
4. Type
`:w TEST`{vim}
where TEST is a filename that does not exist yet. Verify that you see
`:'<,'>w TEST`{vim}
before you press `<Enter>`{normal}.
5. Vim will write the selected lines to the file TEST. Use `:!ls`{vim} to see it.
Do not remove it yet! We will use it in the next lesson.
NOTE: Pressing [v](v) starts [Visual selection](visual-mode). You can move
the cursor around to make the selection bigger or smaller. Then you can
use an operator to do something with the text. For example, `d`{normal} deletes
the text.
# Lesson 5.4: RETRIEVING AND MERGING FILES
** To insert the contents of a file, type `:r FILENAME`{vim} **
1. Place the cursor just above this line.
NOTE: After executing Step 2 you will see text from Lesson 5.3. Then move
DOWN to see this lesson again.
2. Now retrieve your TEST file using the command
`:r TEST`{vim}
where TEST is the name of the file you used.
The file you retrieve is placed below the cursor line.
3. To verify that a file was retrieved, cursor back and notice that there
are now two copies of Lesson 5.3, the original and the file version.
NOTE: You can also read the output of an external command. For example,
`:r !ls`{vim}
reads the output of the `ls` command and puts it below the cursor.
# Lesson 5 SUMMARY
1. [:!command](:!cmd) executes an external command.
Some useful examples are:
`:!ls`{vim} - shows a directory listing
`:!rm FILENAME`{vim} - removes file FILENAME
2. [:w](:w) FILENAME writes the current Vim file to disk with
name FILENAME.
3. [v](v) motion :w FILENAME saves the Visually selected lines in file
FILENAME.
4. [:r](:r) FILENAME retrieves disk file FILENAME and puts it
below the cursor position.
5. [:r !dir](:r!) reads the output of the dir command and
puts it below the cursor position.
# Lesson 6.1: THE OPEN COMMAND
** Type `o`{normal} to open a line below the cursor and place you in Insert mode. **
1. Move the cursor to the line below marked --->.
2. Type the lowercase letter `o`{normal} to [open](o) up a line BELOW the cursor and place
you in Insert mode.
3. Now type some text and press `<Esc>`{normal} to exit Insert mode.
---> After typing o the cursor is placed on the open line in Insert mode. {expect:ANYTHING}
4. To open up a line ABOVE the cursor, simply type a [capital O](O), rather
than a lowercase `o`{normal}. Try this on the line below.
---> Open up a line above this by typing O while the cursor is on this line. {expect:ANYTHING}
# Lesson 6.2: THE APPEND COMMAND
** Type `a`{normal} to insert text AFTER the cursor. **
1. Move the cursor to the start of the line below marked --->.
2. Press `e`{normal} until the cursor is on the end of "li".
3. Type an `a`{normal} (lowercase) to [append](a) text AFTER the cursor.
4. Complete the word like the line below it. Press `<Esc>`{normal} to exit Insert
mode.
5. Use `e`{normal} to move to the next incomplete word and repeat steps 3 and 4.
---> This li will allow you to pract appendi text to a line. {expect:This line will allow you to practice appending text to a line.}
---> This line will allow you to practice appending text to a line. {expect:This line will allow you to practice appending text to a line.}
NOTE: [a](a), [i](i) and [A](A) all go to the same Insert mode, the only difference is where
the characters are inserted.
# Lesson 6.3: ANOTHER WAY TO REPLACE
** Type a capital `R`{normal} to replace more than one character. **
1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked --->. Move the cursor to
the beginning of the first "xxx".
2. Now press `R`{normal} ([capital R](R)) and type the number below it in the second line, so that it
replaces the "xxx".
3. Press `<Esc>`{normal} to leave [Replace mode](mode-replace). Notice that the rest of the line
remains unmodified.
4. Repeat the steps to replace the remaining "xxx".
---> Adding 123 to xxx gives you xxx. {expect:Adding 123 to 456 gives you 579.}
---> Adding 123 to 456 gives you 579. {expect:Adding 123 to 456 gives you 579.}
NOTE: Replace mode is like Insert mode, but every typed character deletes an
existing character.
# Lesson 6.4: COPY AND PASTE TEXT
** Use the `y`{normal} operator to copy text and `p`{normal} to paste it **
1. Go to the line marked with ---> below and place the cursor after "a)".
2. Start Visual mode with `v`{normal} and move the cursor to just before "first".
3. Type `y`{normal} to [yank](yank) (copy) the highlighted text.
4. Move the cursor to the end of the next line: `j$`{normal}
5. Type `p`{normal} to [put](put) (paste) the text. Then type: "a second"`<Esc>`{normal}.
6. Use Visual mode to select " item.", yank it with `y`{normal}, move to the end of
the next line with `j$`{normal} and put the text there with `p`{normal}.
---> a) this is the first item.
---> b) {expect: b) this is the second item}
NOTE: you can also use `y`{normal} as an operator; `yw`{normal} yanks one word.
# Lesson 6.5: SET OPTION
** Set an option so a search or substitute ignores case **
1. Search for 'ignore' by entering: `/ignore`
Repeat several times by pressing `n`{normal}.
2. Set the 'ic' (Ignore case) option by entering:
~~~ cmd
:set ic
~~~
3. Now search for 'ignore' again by pressing n
Notice that Ignore and IGNORE are now also found.
4. Set the 'hlsearch' and 'incsearch' options:
~~~ cmd
:set hls is
~~~
5. Now type the search command again and see what happens: /ignore <Enter>
6. To disable ignoring case enter:
~~~ cmd
:set noic
~~~
7. To toggle the value of a setting, prepend it with "inv":
~~~ cmd
:set invic
~~~
NOTE: To remove the highlighting of matches enter:
~~~ cmd
:nohlsearch
~~~
NOTE: If you want to ignore case for just one search command, use [\c](/\c)
in the phrase: /ignore\c <Enter>
# Lesson 6 SUMMARY
1. Type `o`{normal} to open a line BELOW the cursor and start Insert mode.
Type `O`{normal} to open a line ABOVE the cursor.
2. Type `a`{normal} to insert text AFTER the cursor.
Type `A`{normal} to insert text after the end of the line.
3. The `e`{normal} command moves to the end of a word.
4. The `y`{normal} operator yanks (copies) text, `p`{normal} puts (pastes) it.
5. Typing a capital `R`{normal} enters Replace mode until `<Esc>`{normal} is pressed.
6. Typing "[:set](:set) xxx" sets the option "xxx". Some options are:
'ic' 'ignorecase' ignore upper/lower case when searching
'is' 'incsearch' show partial matches for a search phrase
'hls' 'hlsearch' highlight all matching phrases
You can either use the long or the short option name.
7. Prepend "no" to switch an option off:
~~~ cmd
:set noic
~~~
8. Prepend "inv" to toggle an option:
~~~ cmd
:set invic
~~~
# Lesson 7.1: GETTING HELP
** Use the on-line help system **
Vim has a comprehensive on-line help system. To get started, try one of
these three:
- press the `<HELP>`{normal} key (if you have one)
- press the `<F1>`{normal} key (if you have one)
- type
`:help`{vim}
Read the text in the help window to find out how the help works.
Type `<Ctrl-w><Ctrl-w>`{normal} to jump from one window to another.
Type `:q`{vim} to close the help window.
You can find help on just about any subject, by giving an argument to the
":help" command. Try these (don't forget pressing <Enter>):
~~~ cmd
:help w
:help c_CTRL-D
:help insert-index
:help user-manual
~~~
# Lesson 7.2: CREATE A STARTUP SCRIPT
** Enable Vim features **
Vim has many more features than Vi, but most of them are disabled by
default. To start using more features you have to create a "vimrc" file.
1. Start editing the "vimrc" file. This depends on your system:
`:e ~/.vimrc`{vim} for Unix-like systems
`:e $VIM/_vimrc`{vim} for Microsoft Windows
2. Now read the example "vimrc" file contents:
`:r $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim`{vim}
3. Write the file with:
`:w`{vim}
The next time you start Vim it will use syntax highlighting.
You can add all your preferred settings to this "vimrc" file.
For more information type :help vimrc-intro
# Lesson 7.3: COMPLETION
** Command line completion with `<Ctrl-d>`{normal} and `<Tab>`{normal} **
1. Look what files exist in the directory: `:!ls`{vim}
2. Type the start of a command: `:e`{vim}
3. Press `<Ctrl-d>`{normal} and Vim will show a list of commands that start with "e".
4. Press `<Tab>`{normal} and Vim will complete the command name to ":edit".
5. Now add a space and the start of an existing file name: `:edit FIL`{vim}
6. Press `<Tab>`{normal}. Vim will complete the name (if it is unique).
NOTE: Completion works for many commands. It is especially useful for `:help`{vim}.
# Lesson 7 SUMMARY
1. Type `:help`{vim}
or press `<F1>`{normal} or `<Help>`{normal} to open a help window.
2. Type `:help TOPIC`{vim} to find help on TOPIC.
3. Type `<Ctrl-w><Ctrl-w>`{normal} to jump to another window
4. Type `:q`{vim} to close the help window
5. Create a vimrc startup script to keep your preferred settings.
6. While in command mode, press `<Ctrl-d>`{normal} to see possible completions.
Press `<Tab>`{normal} to use one completion.
# CONCLUSION
This was intended to give a brief overview of the Vim editor, just enough to
allow you to use the editor fairly easily. It is far from complete as Vim has
many many more commands. Consult the help often.
There are many resources online to learn more about vim. Here's a bunch of them:
- *Learn Vim Progressively*: http://yannesposito.com/Scratch/en/blog/Learn-Vim-Progressively/
- *Learning Vim in 2014*: http://benmccormick.org/learning-vim-in-2014/
- Vimcasts: http://vimcasts.org/
- Vim Video-Tutorials by Derek Wyatt: http://derekwyatt.org/vim/tutorials/
- *Learn Vimscript the Hard Way*: http://learnvimscriptthehardway.stevelosh.com/
- *7 Habits of Effective Text Editing*: http://www.moolenaar.net/habits.html
If you prefer a book, *Practival Vim* by Drew Neil is recommended often.
This tutorial was written by Michael C. Pierce and Robert K. Ware, Colorado
School of Mines using ideas supplied by Charles Smith, Colorado State
University. E-mail: bware@mines.colorado.edu.
Modified for Vim by Bram Moolenaar.
Modified for vim-tutor-mode by Felipe Morales.

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# CREATING A VIM TUTORIAL WITH VIM-TUTOR-MODE
This tutorial will guide you through the steps required to create a tutorial
file for vim-tutor-mode. It is also meant as a demo of vim-tutor-mode
capabilities.
Table of contents:
- [Setting up](*setting-up*)
- [vim-tutor-mode's markup](*markup*)
- [emphasis](*emphasis*)
- [headers](*headers*)
- [links](*links*)
- [codeblocks](*codeblocks*)
- [Interactive elements](*interactive*)
- [expect](*expect*)
## SETTING UP *setting-up*
First, you'll need to enable "debug" mode
~~~ cmd
:let g:tutor_debug = 1
~~~
This will allow saving changes to the tutor files and will disable conceals, so
you can more easily check your changes.
After this, create a new .tutor file (we will be practicing on this very file, so you
don't need to do this now):
~~~ cmd
:e new-tutorial.tutor
~~~
## VIM-TUTOR-MODE's MARKDOWN *markup*
vim-tutor-mode uses a subset of markdown's syntax to format the tutorials. The
subset supported should be enough for most tutorials and the maintainers will
try to keep it as small as possible (if regular markdown allows for several
ways to do the same thing, tutor markdown will only provide the one the
maintainers think is easier to handle).
### Emphasis *emphasis*
For emphasized text (italics), as in normal markdown, you use \*. E.g.:
\*text\*
is displayed like
*text*
Note: The underscores variant is not supported.
For strong emphasis (bold), you use \*\*. E.g.:
\*\*this\*\*
is displayed like
**this**
1. Format the line below so it becomes a lesson description:
---> This is text with importat information {expect:This is text with **important information**}
---> This is text with **important information** {expect:This is text with **important information**}
Note: Some words (e.g., NOTE, IMPORTANT, tip, ATTENTION, etc.) will also be
highlighted. You don't need to mark them specially.
2. Turn the line below into a TODO item:
---> Document '&variable' {expect:TODO: Document '&variable'}
---> TODO: Document '&variable' {expect:TODO: Document '&variable'}
### Headers *headers*
3. Practice fixing the lines below:
---> This is a level 1 header {expect:# This is a level 1 header}
---> # This is a level 1 header {expect:# This is a level 1 header}
---> This is a level 3 header {expect:### This is a level 3 header}
---> ### This is a level 3 header {expect:### This is a level 3 header}
---> This is a header with a label {expect:# This is a header with a label {*label*}}
---> # This is a header with a label {*label*} {expect:# This is a header with a label {*label*}}
4. Now, create a 4th level section here, and add a label like in the previous
exercise:
ATTENTION We will use this label later, so remember it.
### Links *links*
It is good practice to include links in your tutorials to reference materials,
like vim's own help or external documents. You can also link to other parts of
the document.
Links have the syntax
\[label\]\(target\)
#### Help links
If the target of a link matches a help topic, opening it will open it.
5. Fix the following line:
---> A link to help for the 'breakindent' option {expect:A link to help for the ['breakindent']('breakindent') option}
---> A link to help for the ['breakindent']('breakindent') option {expect:A link to help for the ['breakindent']('breakindent') option}
#### Anchor links
A link can also lead to a place in the file itself. Anchors are written
\*anchor\*
and are hidden by default. Links to them look like
\[label\]\(\*anchor\*\)
6. Add the appropiate link:
---> A link to the Links section {expect:A link to the [Links](*links*) section}
---> A link to the [Links](*links*) section {expect:A link to the [Links](*links*) section}
7. Now, create a link to the section you created on exercise 4
above.
# Tutorial links
You can also have links to other tutorials. For this, you'll write the wnchor in the format
@tutor:TUTORIAL
7. Create a link to this tutorial:
---> A link to the vim-tutor-mode tutorial {expect:A link to [the vim-tutor-mode tutorial](@tutor:tutor)}
---> A link to [the vim-tutor-mode tutorial](@tutor:tutor) {expect:A link to [the vim-tutor-mode tutorial](@tutor:tutor)}
### Codeblocks *codeblocks*
vim-tutor-mode tutorials can include viml sections
~~~ cmd
echom "hello"
~~~
is displayed as
~~~ cmd
echom "hello"
~~~
8. Copy the viml section below
---> {expect:~~~ viml}
---> {expect:echom "the value of &number is".string(&number)}
---> {expect:~~~}
---> ~~~ viml {expect:~~~ viml}
---> echom "the value of &number is".string(&number) {expect:echom "the value of &number is".string(&number)}
---> ~~~ {expect:~~~}
You can inline viml code using "\`" and "\`{vim}":
\`call myFunction()\`{vim}
is displayed as
`call myFunction()`{vim}
[normal](Normal-mode) commands can also be embedded in tutorials.
~~~ normal
ftdaW
~~~
is displayed as
~~~ normal
ftdaW
~~~
Note: you can also write `norm` or `normal`.
9. Copy the normal section below
---> {expect:~~~ normal}
---> {expect:d2w}
---> {expect:~~~}
---> ~~~ normal {expect:~~~ normal}
---> d2w {expect:d2w}
---> ~~~ {expect:~~~}
You can also inline normal commands by using "\`" and "\`{normal}":
\`gq\`{normal} is very useful.
is displayed:
`gq`{normal} is very useful.
10. Complete the line as shown
---> d {expect:«d2w»}
---> «d2w» {expect:«d2w»}
Commands to run in the system shell can be highlighted by indenting a line starting with "$".
~~~ sh
$ vim --version
~~~
## INTERACTIVE ELEMENTS *interactive*
As visible in this very document, vim-tutor-mode includes some interactive
elements, to provide feedback to the user about his progress. These elements
all have the syntax
\---> TEXT {CLAUSE}
where \---> must start at the beginning of the line. If TEXT satisfies CLAUSE,
a ✓ sign will appear to the left. A ✗ sign is displayed otherwise. The CLAUSE
itself is hidden unless debug mode is set or ['conceallevel']('conceallevel')
is 2.
### expect *expect*
The basic clause is "expect", which is satisfied if TEXT is the same as the
content of the clause. For example
\---> TEXT {expect:TEXT}
is satisfied, but
\---> OTHER TEXT {expect:TEXT}
is not.
13. Make both lines the same:
---> this is not right {expect:---> this is right} |expect:---> this is right {expect:---> this is right}|
---> ---> this is right {expect:---> this is right} |expect:---> this is right {expect:---> this is right}|
If the content of a expect clause is ANYTHING, no checks will be performed. This is
useful to create a line that is highlighted you want the user to play with.
\---> TEXT {expect:ANYTHING}
is displayed
---> this is free text {expect:ANYTHING}
14. Turn the line below into free text:
---> this is some text |expect:---> this is some text {expect:ANYTHING}|
---> ---> this is some text {expect:ANYTHING} |expect:---> this is some text {expect:ANYTHING}|