http release fixes

driver-http/src/main/java/io/nosqlbench/activitytype/cmds/ReadyHttpOp.java

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import java.time.Duration;
 import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.function.LongFunction;
 
 public class ReadyHttpOp implements LongFunction<HttpOp> {
@@ -69,15 +68,6 @@ public class ReadyHttpOp implements LongFunction<HttpOp> {
             builder.uri(uri);
         }
 
-        Set<String> headers = cmd.keySet();
-        for (String header : headers) {
-            if (header.charAt(0) >= 'A' && header.charAt(0) <= 'Z') {
-                builder.header(header, cmd.remove(header));
-            } else {
-                throw new BasicError("HTTP request parameter '" + header + "' was not recognized as a basic request parameter, and it is not capitalized to indicate that it is a header.");
-            }
-        }
-
         String ok_status = cmd.remove("ok-status");
         String ok_body = cmd.remove("ok-body");
 
@@ -86,10 +76,21 @@ public class ReadyHttpOp implements LongFunction<HttpOp> {
             builder.timeout(Duration.of(Long.parseLong(timeoutStr), ChronoUnit.MILLIS));
         }
 
-        if (cmd.size()>0) {
-            throw new BasicError("Some provided request fields were not used: " + cmd.toString());
+        // At this point, the only things left in the list must be headers,
+        // but we check them for upper-case conventions as a sanity check for the user
+        for (String headerName : cmd.keySet()) {
+            if (headerName.charAt(0) >= 'A' && headerName.charAt(0) <= 'Z') {
+                String headerValue = cmd.get(headerName);
+                builder = builder.header(headerName, headerValue);
+            } else {
+                throw new BasicError("HTTP request parameter '" + headerName + "' was not recognized as a basic request parameter, and it is not capitalized to indicate that it is a header.");
             }
-
+        }
+//        cmd.clear();
+//        if (cmd.size()>0) {
+//            throw new BasicError("Some provided request fields were not used: " + cmd.toString());
+//        }
+//
         HttpRequest request = builder.build();
         return new HttpOp(request, ok_status, ok_body);
     }

driver-http/src/main/java/io/nosqlbench/activitytype/http/HttpAction.java

@@ -75,16 +75,16 @@ public class HttpAction implements SyncAction {
             ReadyHttpOp readHTTPOperation = httpActivity.getSequencer().get(cycleValue);
             httpOp = readHTTPOperation.apply(cycleValue);
         } catch (Exception e) {
-            throw new RuntimeException("while binding request in cycle " + cycleValue + ": " + e.getMessage(),e);
-        } finally {
             if (httpActivity.isDiagnosticMode()) {
-                System.out.println("==== cycle " + cycleValue + " DIAGNOSTICS ====");
                 if (httpOp != null) {
-                    httpActivity.console.summarizeRequest(httpOp.request,System.out,cycleValue);
+                    httpActivity.console.summarizeRequest("ERRORED REQUEST", e, httpOp.request, System.out, cycleValue,
+                            System.nanoTime());
                 } else {
                     System.out.println("---- REQUEST was null");
                 }
             }
+            throw new RuntimeException("while binding request in cycle " + cycleValue + ": " + e.getMessage(), e);
+        } finally {
         }
 
         int tries = 0;
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ public class HttpAction implements SyncAction {
                 }
                 if (httpActivity.isDiagnosticMode()) {
                     if (response!=null) {
-                        httpActivity.console.summarizeResponse(response,System.out,cycleValue,nanos);
+                        httpActivity.console.summarizeResponseChain(null, response, System.out, cycleValue, nanos);
                     } else {
                         System.out.println("---- RESPONSE was null");
                     }

driver-http/src/main/java/io/nosqlbench/activitytype/http/HttpActivity.java

@@ -14,9 +14,6 @@ import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 import java.net.http.HttpClient;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.HashSet;
-import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.function.Function;
 
 public class HttpActivity extends SimpleActivity implements Activity, ActivityDefObserver {
@@ -45,7 +42,6 @@ public class HttpActivity extends SimpleActivity implements Activity, ActivityDe
         this.activityDef = activityDef;
     }
 
-
     @Override
     public void initActivity() {
         super.initActivity();
@@ -65,10 +61,13 @@ public class HttpActivity extends SimpleActivity implements Activity, ActivityDe
     @Override
     public synchronized void onActivityDefUpdate(ActivityDef activityDef) {
         super.onActivityDefUpdate(activityDef);
-        String[] diag = getParams().getOptionalString("diag").orElse("").split(",");
-        Set<String> diags = new HashSet<String>(Arrays.asList(diag));
-        this.console = new HttpConsoleFormats(diags);
+
+        this.console = getParams().getOptionalString("diag")
+                .map(s -> HttpConsoleFormats.apply(s, this.console))
+                .orElseGet(() -> HttpConsoleFormats.apply(null, null));
+
         this.diagnosticsEnabled = console.isDiagnosticMode();
+
         this.timeout = getParams().getOptionalLong("timeout").orElse(Long.MAX_VALUE);
 
         getParams().getOptionalString("client_scope")
@@ -104,14 +103,14 @@ public class HttpActivity extends SimpleActivity implements Activity, ActivityDe
 
     public HttpClient newClient() {
         HttpClient.Builder builder = HttpClient.newBuilder();
-        getParams().getOptionalString("follow_redirects")
+        HttpClient.Redirect follow_redirects = getParams().getOptionalString("follow_redirects")
                 .map(String::toUpperCase)
                 .map(HttpClient.Redirect::valueOf)
                 .map(r -> {
                     logger.debug("follow_redirects=>" + r);
                     return r;
-                })
-                .ifPresent(builder::followRedirects);
+                }).orElse(HttpClient.Redirect.NORMAL);
+        builder = builder.followRedirects(follow_redirects);
         return builder.build();
     }
 

driver-http/src/main/java/io/nosqlbench/activitytype/http/HttpConsoleFormats.java

@@ -5,81 +5,252 @@ import java.net.http.HttpClient;
 import java.net.http.HttpHeaders;
 import java.net.http.HttpRequest;
 import java.net.http.HttpResponse;
-import java.util.HashSet;
-import java.util.Optional;
-import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.*;
 
 public class HttpConsoleFormats {
 
-    private final Set<String> includes;
-    private final long modulo;
+    private static final String CYCLE_CUE = "==== ";
+    private static final String REQUEST_CUE = " ==> ";
+    private static final String RESPONSE_CUE = " <== ";
+    private static final String MESSAGE_CUE = "---- ";
+    private static final String COMPONENT_CUE = " === ";
+    private static final String DETAIL_CUE = "   - ";
+    private static final String ENTRY_CUE = "   - ";
+    private static final String PAYLOAD_CUE = "data:";
+
+    private final long mask;
+    private final long modulo;
+    private final String enabled;
+    private String filter;
+
+    public String getFilter() {
+        return this.filter;
+    }
+
+    private final static long _STATS = 1L;
+    private final static long _REQUESTS = 1L << 1;
+    private final static long _RESPONSES = 1L << 2;
+    private final static long _HEADERS = 1L << 3;
+    private final static long _REDIRECTS = 1L << 4;
+    private final static long _DATA = 1L << 5;
+    private final static long _DATA10 = 1L << 6;
+    private final static long _DATA100 = 1L << 7;
+    private final static long _DATA1000 = 1L << 8;
+
+    enum Diag {
+
+        headers(_HEADERS),
+        stats(_STATS),
+        data(_DATA),
+        data10(_DATA10),
+        data100(_DATA100),
+        data1000(_DATA1000),
+        redirects(_REDIRECTS),
+        requests(_REQUESTS),
+        responses(_RESPONSES),
+        brief(_HEADERS | _STATS | _REQUESTS | _RESPONSES | _DATA10),
+        all(_HEADERS | _STATS | _REDIRECTS | _REQUESTS | _RESPONSES | _DATA);
+
+        private final long mask;
+
+        Diag(long mask) {
+            this.mask = mask;
+        }
+
+        public long addTo(long othermask) {
+            return othermask | this.mask;
+        }
+
+        public boolean includedIn(long component) {
+            return (mask & component) > 0L;
+        }
+
+
+        public static boolean anyIncluded(long mask, Diag... levels) {
+            for (Diag level : levels) {
+                if (level.includedIn(mask)) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        public static String enabledSummary(long includedMask) {
+            if (includedMask <= 0L) {
+                return "";
+            }
+            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+            for (Diag d : values()) {
+                if ((d.mask & includedMask) == d.mask) {
+                    sb.append(d).append(",");
+                }
+            }
+            sb.setLength(sb.length() - 1);
+            return sb.toString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static HttpConsoleFormats apply(String spec, HttpConsoleFormats extant) {
+        if (extant == null || (extant.getFilter() != null && !extant.getFilter().equals(spec))) {
+            return new HttpConsoleFormats(spec);
+        } else {
+            return extant;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private HttpConsoleFormats(String spec) {
+        Set<String> filterSet = Set.of();
+        if (spec != null) {
+            filterSet = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(spec.split(",")));
+        }
 
-    public HttpConsoleFormats(Set<String> includes) {
         long mod = 1L;
         Set<String> incl = new HashSet<>();
+        long mask = 0L;
 
-        for (String include : includes) {
+        for (String include : filterSet) {
             if (include.matches("[0-9]+")) {
                 mod = Long.parseLong(include);
-            } else if (include.toLowerCase().equals("all")) {
-                incl.add("headers");
-                incl.add("stats");
-                incl.add("content");
-            } {
-                incl.add(include);
+            } else {
+                Diag diag = null;
+                try {
+                    diag = Diag.valueOf(include);
+                    mask = diag.addTo(mask);
+                } catch (Exception e) {
+                    throw new RuntimeException("Invalid http diagnostic filter '" + include + "', choose from " +
+                            Arrays.toString(Diag.values()));
+
                 }
             }
-        this.includes = incl;
+        }
+        this.mask = mask;
         this.modulo = mod;
+        this.enabled = Diag.enabledSummary(mask);
     }
 
-    public void summarizeRequest(HttpRequest request, PrintStream out, long cycle) {
+    public void summarizeResponseChain(Exception e, HttpResponse<String> lastResponse, PrintStream out, long cycle, long nanos) {
         if ((cycle % modulo) != 0) {
             return;
         }
-        out.println("----  REQUEST cycle=" + cycle);
-        out.println(" --- " + request.method() + " " + request.uri() + " " + request.version().orElse(HttpClient.Version.HTTP_2));
 
-        if (includes.contains("headers")) {
-            out.println("  -- headers:");
+        out.println(CYCLE_CUE + "DIAGNOSTICS (cycle " + cycle + ") (filters " + enabled + ")");
+
+        LinkedList<HttpResponse<String>> responses = new LinkedList<>();
+        HttpResponse<String> walking = lastResponse;
+
+        while (lastResponse != null) {
+            responses.add(lastResponse);
+            lastResponse = lastResponse.previousResponse().orElse(null);
+        }
+
+
+        Iterator<HttpResponse<String>> iter = responses.descendingIterator();
+        int index = 0;
+        while (iter.hasNext()) {
+            index++;
+            HttpResponse<String> resp = iter.next();
+            if (Diag.requests.includedIn(mask) && (Diag.redirects.includedIn(mask) || index == 1)) {
+                summarizeRequest("REQUEST [" + index + "]", null, resp.request(), out, cycle, nanos);
+            }
+
+            if (Diag.stats.includedIn(mask) && index == 1) {
+                out.println(DETAIL_CUE + "redirects = " + (responses.size() - 1));
+            }
+
+            if (Diag.responses.includedIn(mask) && (Diag.redirects.includedIn(mask) || index == responses.size())) {
+                summarizeResponse("RESPONSE[" + index + "]", null, resp, out, cycle, nanos);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void summarizeRequest(String caption, Exception e, HttpRequest request, PrintStream out, long cycle, long nanos) {
+        if ((cycle % modulo) != 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        out.println(REQUEST_CUE + (caption != null ? caption : " REQUEST"));
+
+        if (e != null) {
+            out.println(CYCLE_CUE + " EXCEPTION: " + e.getMessage());
+        }
+
+        out.println(COMPONENT_CUE + request.method() + " " + request.uri() + " " + request.version().orElse(HttpClient.Version.HTTP_2));
         summariseHeaders(request.headers(), out);
+        out.println(DETAIL_CUE + "body length:" + request.bodyPublisher().get().contentLength());
     }
 
-        out.println("  -- body length:" + request.bodyPublisher().get().contentLength());
-    }
-
-    public void summarizeResponse(HttpResponse<String> response, PrintStream out, long cycle, long nanos) {
+    public void summarizeResponse(String caption, Exception e, HttpResponse<String> response, PrintStream out, long cycle, long nanos) {
         if ((cycle % modulo) != 0) {
             return;
         }
-        out.println("----  RESPONSE for cycle=" + cycle + " status=" + response.statusCode() + " took=" + (nanos/1_000_000) + "ms");
 
-        if (includes.contains("stats")) {
-            int redirects=0;
-            Optional<HttpResponse<String>> walkResponses = response.previousResponse();
-            while (walkResponses.isPresent()) {
-                walkResponses=walkResponses.get().previousResponse();
-                redirects++;
-            }
-            System.out.println(" redirects = " + redirects);
+        out.println(RESPONSE_CUE + (caption != null ? caption : " RESPONSE") +
+                " status=" + response.statusCode() + " took=" + (nanos / 1_000_000) + "ms");
+
+        if (e != null) {
+            out.println(MESSAGE_CUE + " EXCEPTION: " + e.getMessage());
         }
 
         summariseHeaders(response.headers(), out);
+        summarizeContent(response, out);
 
-        if (this.includes.contains("content")) {
-            System.out.println("  --  body:");
-            System.out.println(response.body());
+    }
+
+    private void summarizeContent(HttpResponse<String> response, PrintStream out) {
+        if (Diag.anyIncluded(mask, Diag.data, Diag.data10, Diag.data100, Diag.data1000)) {
+
+            String contentLenStr = response.headers().map().getOrDefault("content-length", List.of("0")).get(0);
+            Long contentLength = Long.parseLong(contentLenStr);
+            if (contentLength == 0L) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            System.out.println(PAYLOAD_CUE);
+            List<String> contentTypeList = response.headers().map().getOrDefault("content-type", List.of("text/html"));
+            String printable = "<non-printable>";
+            if (contentTypeList.size() > 1) {
+                printable = "non-printable/multiple content types provided";
+            } else {
+                String contentType = contentTypeList.get(0).toLowerCase();
+                if (!contentType.contains("text") && !contentType.contains("json")) {
+                    printable = "non-printable content type:" + contentTypeList.get(0);
+                } else {
+                    printable = response.body();
+                    if (printable == null) {
+                        printable = "content-length was " + contentLength + ", but body was null";
+                    }
+
+                    if (Diag.data1000.includedIn(mask)) {
+                        if (printable.length() > 1000) {
+                            printable = printable.substring(0, 1000) + "\n--truncated at 1000 characters--\n";
+                        }
+                    } else if (Diag.data100.includedIn(mask)) {
+                        if (printable.length() > 100) {
+                            printable = printable.substring(0, 100) + "\ntruncated at 100 characters\n";
+                        }
+                    } else if (Diag.data10.includedIn(mask)) {
+                        if (printable.length() > 10) {
+                            printable = printable.substring(0, 10) + "\ntruncated at 10 characters\n";
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            System.out.println(printable);
         }
     }
 
-    private static void summariseHeaders(HttpHeaders headers, PrintStream out) {
-        out.println(" ---  headers:");
+    private void summariseHeaders(HttpHeaders headers, PrintStream out) {
+        if (!Diag.headers.includedIn(mask)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        out.println(COMPONENT_CUE + "headers(" + headers.map().keySet().size() + ")");
         headers.map().forEach((k, v) -> {
-            out.print("  --- " + k + ":");
+            out.print(DETAIL_CUE + k + ":");
             if (v.size() > 1) {
                 out.println();
                 v.forEach(h -> {
-                    out.println("    - " + h);
+                    out.println(ENTRY_CUE + h);
                 });
             } else {
                 out.println(" " + v.get(0));
@@ -88,6 +259,6 @@ public class HttpConsoleFormats {
     }
 
     public boolean isDiagnosticMode() {
-        return this.includes.size()>0;
+        return this.mask > 0L;
     }
 }

driver-http/src/main/resources/http.md

@@ -35,7 +35,9 @@ statements:
  - s2: https://www.amazon.com/s?k={query}
    ratio: 2
 bindings:
- query: WeightedStrings('function generator;backup generator;static generator');
+ query: >
+  WeightedStrings('function generator;backup generator;static generator');
+  UrlEncode();
 ```
 
 You can even make a detailed request with custom headers and result verification conditions:
@@ -43,12 +45,13 @@ You can even make a detailed request with custom headers and result verification
 ```yaml
 # Require that the result be status code 200-299 match regex "OK, account id is .*" in the body
 statements:
-  - method: GET
-    uri: https://google.com/
-    version: HTTP/1.1
-    "Content-Type": "application/json"
-    ok-status: 2[0-9][0-9]
-    ok-body: ^(OK, account id is .*)$
+  - name: 'get-from-google'  
+    method: GET
+    uri: "https://google.com/"
+    version: "HTTP/1.1"
+    Content-Type: "application/json"
+    ok-status: "2[0-9][0-9]"
+    ok-body: "^(OK, account id is .*)$"
 ```
 
 For those familiar with what an HTTP request looks like on the wire, the format below may be
@@ -163,19 +166,53 @@ results. Support may be added for long-lived connections in a future release.
 - **client_scope** - default: activity - One of activity, or thread. This controls how many
   clients instances you use with an HTTP activity. By default, all threads will use the same
   client instance.
-- **follow_redirects** - default: normal - One of never, always, or normal. Normal redirects
+
+- **follow_redirects** - default: normal - One of never, always, or
+ normal. Normal redirects
   are those which do not redirect from HTTPS to HTTP.
-- **diagnostics** - default: none -
-  This setting is a selector for what level of verbosity you will get on console. If you set
-  this to true, you'll get every request and response logged to console. This is only for
-  verifying that a test is configured and to spot check services before running higher scale
+  
+- **diagnostics** - default: none - synonym: **diag**
+  example: `diag=brief,1000` - print diagnostics for every 1000th
+  cycle, including only brief details as explained below.
+  
+  This setting is a selector for what level of verbosity you will get
+  on the console. If you set this to true, you'll get every request
+  and response logged to console. This is only for verifying that a test 
+  is configured and to spot check services before running higher scale
   tests.
-  If you want finer control over how much information diagnostics provides, you can specify
-  a comma separated list of the below.
-  - all - Includes all of the below categories
-  - stats - Counts of redirects, headers, body length, etc
-  - headers - include header details
-  - content - include
-  - a number, like 3000 - causes the diagnostics to be reported only on this cycle modulo
+  
+  All of the data shown in diagnostics is post-hoc, directly from
+  the response provided by the internal HTTP client in the Java runtime.
+  
+  If you want finer control over how much information diagnostics
+  provides, you can specify a comma separated list of the below.
+    
+  - headers - show headers 
+  - stats - show basic stats of each request
+  - data10 - show only the first 10 characters of each response body
+  - data100 - show only the first 100 characters of each response body
+    this setting supersedes `data10`
+  - data1000 - show only the first 1000 characters of each response body
+    this setting supersedes `data100`
+  - data - show all of each response body
+     this setting supersedes `data1000`
+  - redirects - show details for interstitial request which are made
+    when the client follows a redirect directive like a `location` header.
+  - requests - show details for requests
+  - responses - show details for responses 
+  - brief - Show headers, stats, requests, responses, and 10 characters
+  - all - Show everything, including full payloads and redirects 
+  - a modulo - any number, like 3000 - causes the diagnostics to be
+   reported only on this cycle modulo. If you set `diag=300,brief` 
+   then you will get the brief diagnostic output for every 300th
+   response.  
+
+  The requests, responses, and redirects setting work intersectionally.
+  For example, if you specify responses, and redirect, but not requests,
+  then you will only see the response portion of all calls made by the
+  client.
+  
+  All of the diagnostic filters are incrementally added. 
+    
 - **timeout** - default: forever -
   Sets the timeout of each request in milliseconds.

driver-http/src/test/resources/activities/test-http-3.yaml

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 # A list of named statements with variable fields and specific ratios:
 statements:
-  - s1: http://google.com/search?query={query}
+  - s1: "http://google.com/search?query={query}"
     ratio: 3
-  - s2: https://www.amazon.com/s?k={query}
+  - s2: "https://www.amazon.com/s?k={query}"
     ratio: 2
 bindings:
-  query: WeightedStrings('function generator;backup generator;static generator');
+  query: >
+    WeightedStrings('function generator;backup generator;static generator');
+    URLEncode();

driver-http/src/test/resources/activities/test-http-4.yaml

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 # Require that the result be status code 200-299 match regex "OK, account id is .*" in the body
 statements:
-  - method: GET
-    uri: https://google.com/
-    version: HTTP/1.1
-    "Content-Type": "application/json"
-    ok-status: 2[0-9][0-9]
-    ok-body: ^(OK, account id is .*)$
+  - name: 'get-from-google'
+    method: GET
+    uri: "https://google.com/"
+    version: "HTTP/1.1"
+    Content-Type: "application/json"
+    ok-status: "2[0-9][0-9]"
+    ok-body: "^(OK, account id is .*)$"

engine-api/src/main/java/io/nosqlbench/engine/api/activityconfig/MultiMapLookup.java

@@ -76,7 +76,9 @@ public class MultiMapLookup<V> implements Map<String, V> {
 
     @Override
     public V remove(Object key) {
-        throw immutable();
+        V result = get(key);
+        maps.stream().forEach(m -> m.remove(String.valueOf(key)));
+        return result;
     }
 
     @Override

virtdata-lib-basics/src/main/java/io/nosqlbench/virtdata/library/basics/shared/unary_string/URLDecode.java

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package io.nosqlbench.virtdata.library.basics.shared.unary_string;
+
+import io.nosqlbench.virtdata.api.annotations.Categories;
+import io.nosqlbench.virtdata.api.annotations.Category;
+import io.nosqlbench.virtdata.api.annotations.Example;
+import io.nosqlbench.virtdata.api.annotations.ThreadSafeMapper;
+
+import java.net.URLDecoder;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+
+/**
+ * URLDecode string data
+ */
+@ThreadSafeMapper
+@Categories({Category.conversion})
+public class URLDecode implements Function<String, String> {
+
+    private final Charset charset;
+
+    /**
+     * URLDecode any incoming string using the specified charset.
+     *
+     * @param charset A valid character set name from {@link Charset}
+     */
+    @Example({"URLDecode('UTF-16')", "URLDecode using the UTF-16 charset."})
+    public URLDecode(String charset) {
+        this.charset = Charset.forName(charset);
+    }
+
+    @Example({"URLDecode()", "URLDecode using the default UTF-8 charset."})
+    public URLDecode() {
+        this.charset = StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String apply(String s) {
+        return URLDecoder.decode(s, charset);
+    }
+}

virtdata-lib-basics/src/main/java/io/nosqlbench/virtdata/library/basics/shared/unary_string/URLEncode.java

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package io.nosqlbench.virtdata.library.basics.shared.unary_string;
+
+import io.nosqlbench.virtdata.api.annotations.Categories;
+import io.nosqlbench.virtdata.api.annotations.Category;
+import io.nosqlbench.virtdata.api.annotations.Example;
+import io.nosqlbench.virtdata.api.annotations.ThreadSafeMapper;
+
+import java.net.URLEncoder;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+
+/**
+ * URLEncode string data
+ */
+@ThreadSafeMapper
+@Categories({Category.conversion})
+public class URLEncode implements Function<String, String> {
+
+    private final Charset charset;
+
+    /**
+     * UrlEncode any incoming string using the specified charset.
+     *
+     * @param charset A valid character set name from {@link Charset}
+     */
+    @Example({"URLEncode('UTF-16')", "URLEncode using the UTF-16 charset."})
+    public URLEncode(String charset) {
+        this.charset = Charset.forName(charset);
+    }
+
+    @Example({"URLEncode()", "URLEncode using the default UTF-8 charset."})
+    public URLEncode() {
+        this.charset = StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String apply(String s) {
+        return URLEncoder.encode(s, charset);
+    }
+}