update rfc

docs/rfcs/2024-01-28-message-encoding.md

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+# Space-efficient chat message encoding
+
+## Problem
+
+We use JSON format to encode messages in SimpleX Chat protocol. It has many advantages:
+- human readable, unlike binary formats.
+- easy to extend.
+- relatively low overhead for large text messages (and the overhead is not important for small messages, as we send fixed size blocks).
+- ability to use Internet RFC 8927 for message format schema.
+
+The main overhead of this format is for images that are included as text base64 encoded data in JSON for image and video previews, link previews (limited to 14,000 bytes of base64 encoded size) and profile pictures (limited to 12,500 of base64 encoded size, to account for the connection links sent alongside the profile images).
+
+Adding post quantum encryption requires adding additional message headers with additional keys requiring up to 2500 additional bytes of cryptographic data in each message header. This is a significant overhead for messages with images and would not be compatible with the current constraints.
+
+## Possible solutions
+
+- reduce image preview sizes. The downside is that it would further reduce the quality of the image previews and profile pictures, that is already suboptimal.
+- switch to a binary format for messages. The downside is that, depending on the format, it may be more difficult to extend and debug, and in any case it is not human readable.
+- allow larger client messages than the block size, by extending SMP agent protocol. This is possible, but 1) quite complex, 2) leaks information when an image preview is sent, as multiple messages would be required sent in rapid succession (or some additional throttling logic).
+- use hybrid format combining JSON format for the text and metadata part of the message, and binary format for the image previews and profile pictures.
+- use some other binary format, e.g. MessagePack or CBOR.
+- compress messages, e.g. using zstd.
+
+The latter option looks attractive, as it avoids the complexities and downsides of the other options, while allows to provide the space for additional cryptographic data in the message headers without reducing image quality.
+
+## Hybrid format
+
+Currently we support two formats in chat protocol messages:
+
+- JSON, which is identified by the first byte of the message being `{` or `[` (for batch of multiple messages sent in a single block, e.g. when message history or group introductions are sent).
+- deprecated binary format for small chunks of files sent via SMP protocol that is only used for small voice messages, and only in case the user disables local file encryption. This format is identified by the first byte of the message being `F` (for "file").
+
+The proposed format would use this format, using ABNF notation:
+
+```abnf
+hybridMessage = jsonPart "," binaryPart
+jsonPart = "J" partLen ":" json
+binaryPart = "B" partLen ":" 1*OCTET
+partLen = 1*DIGIT
+```
+
+We could use a standart multipart format, but it seems unnecessarily generic and complex, and also more wasteful.
+
+This syntax is sufficiently generic and extensible, and can be used for messages with more than two parts if necessary.
+
+The downside is that it is ad-hoc, and does not achieve any possible reduction for other binary fields in JSON.
+
+## MessagePack or CBOR
+
+Using [MessagePack](https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack/blob/master/spec.md) or CBOR instead of JSON is another possible option, as it's both compact and efficient. While it's not human readable, it will result not only in more efficient binary encoding for images, but for all fields (such as hashes and member IDs, for example), and will also result in more efficient batching of small messages.
+
+As we need to maintain backwards compatibility, we need to recognise MessagePack format, and as it has no distinct first byte of its own, we could use some fixed letter for it, e.g. `X` (we use `x` as a namespace prefix for all protocol message types).
+
+The downside is implementation complexity, particularly given that historically use different binary encoding in JSON (base64 for images and base64url for other binary fields), so we would have to do one of the following:
+- maintain two different encodings for all types that are sent between the clients, some of these encodings are manual.
+- implement alternative AST for extended JSON format with binary support.
+- in either case, types representing binary data would have to support decoding from both JSON strings and from binary data.
+
+## Message compression
+
+This might be the simplest option, as it does not require any changes to protocol encoding other than adding compression and have a different encoding for batching that can be the same as for SMP protocol (we could reuse the same function). The syntax for chat packet would be:
+
+```abnf
+chatPacket = %s'X' count 1*(message)
+count = OCTET ; up to 255 messages in the batch
+message = length compressedMessage
+length = 2*2 OCTET ; length of compressed message, up to 65535 bytes (we have less than 15000 bytes limit).
+```
+
+After the character 'X' the encoding is the same as for SMP batches, so the same function can be used.
+
+## Additional considerations
+
+We do not just send images as base64 binary, we use web format for images, with the different prefixes for jpg and png images. In the client UIs though we simply discard these prefixes, and they are not processed. So we could use pure binary format for image data without any prefix.
+
+We also use base64 format with prefix to send images in the API. We could continue using it, or we could remove prefix from the API and use plain base64.
+
+base64 format with prefix also saved to the database, so we would need to parse and strip the prefix. Alternatively, we could do some data migration (it is likely to be slow) or export images to storage, at least for profile images - that would reduce overhead. This is not directly related to the problem we are solving here, and can be considered separately.

src/Simplex/Chat/Migrations/M20220302_profile_images.hs

@@ -8,6 +8,6 @@ import Database.SQLite.Simple.QQ (sql)
 m20220302_profile_images :: Query
 m20220302_profile_images =
   [sql|
-    ALTER TABLE contact_profiles ADD COLUMN image TEXT;
-    ALTER TABLE group_profiles ADD COLUMN image TEXT;
+    ALTER TABLE contact_profiles ADD COLUMN image TEXT; -- currently saved as BLOB
+    ALTER TABLE group_profiles ADD COLUMN image TEXT; -- currently saved as BLOB
 |]

src/Simplex/Chat/Types.hs

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 
 module Simplex.Chat.Types where
 
+import Control.Applicative (optional, (<|>))
 import Crypto.Number.Serialize (os2ip)
 import Data.Aeson (FromJSON (..), ToJSON (..), (.:), (.=))
 import qualified Data.Aeson as J
@@ -29,10 +30,12 @@ import qualified Data.Aeson.Encoding as JE
 import qualified Data.Aeson.TH as JQ
 import qualified Data.Aeson.Types as JT
 import qualified Data.Attoparsec.ByteString.Char8 as A
+import qualified Data.ByteString.Base64 as B64
 import Data.ByteString.Char8 (ByteString, pack, unpack)
 import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8 as B
 import Data.Int (Int64)
 import Data.Maybe (isJust)
+import Data.String (IsString (..))
 import Data.Text (Text)
 import qualified Data.Text as T
 import Data.Text.Encoding (encodeUtf8)
@@ -49,7 +52,7 @@ import Simplex.FileTransfer.Description (FileDigest)
 import Simplex.Messaging.Agent.Protocol (ACommandTag (..), ACorrId, AParty (..), APartyCmdTag (..), ConnId, ConnectionMode (..), ConnectionRequestUri, InvitationId, SAEntity (..), UserId)
 import Simplex.Messaging.Crypto.File (CryptoFileArgs (..))
 import Simplex.Messaging.Encoding.String
-import Simplex.Messaging.Parsers (defaultJSON, dropPrefix, enumJSON, fromTextField_, sumTypeJSON, taggedObjectJSON)
+import Simplex.Messaging.Parsers (base64P, defaultJSON, dropPrefix, enumJSON, fromTextField_, parseString, sumTypeJSON, taggedObjectJSON)
 import Simplex.Messaging.Protocol (ProtoServerWithAuth, ProtocolTypeI)
 import Simplex.Messaging.Util (safeDecodeUtf8, (<$?>))
 import Simplex.Messaging.Version
@@ -523,19 +526,39 @@ data GroupProfile = GroupProfile
   }
   deriving (Eq, Show)
 
-newtype ImageData = ImageData Text
+newtype ImageData = ImageData ByteString
   deriving (Eq, Show)
 
+-- The encoding does not add prefix, as the old clients do not validate that it is present.
+-- The decoding strips an optional prefix, as the old clients would have it added in the UI.
+instance StrEncoding ImageData where
+  strEncode (ImageData d) = B64.encode d
+  strP = ImageData <$> (optional ("data:image/jpg;base64," <|> "data:image/png;base64,") *> base64P)
+
+instance IsString ImageData where
+  fromString = parseString strDecode
+
 instance FromJSON ImageData where
-  parseJSON = fmap ImageData . J.parseJSON
+  parseJSON = strParseJSON "ImageData"
 
 instance ToJSON ImageData where
-  toJSON (ImageData t) = J.toJSON t
-  toEncoding (ImageData t) = J.toEncoding t
+  toJSON = strToJSON
+  toEncoding = strToJEncoding
 
+-- The encoder saves image data is binary blob.
+-- We can do it because SQLite supports different value types in the same column.
 instance ToField ImageData where toField (ImageData t) = toField t
 
-instance FromField ImageData where fromField = fmap ImageData . fromField
+-- The decoder supports both the old Text format, with and without prefix, and the new binary format too.
+-- We need to support Text format without prefix as the old clients can receive Text without prefix
+-- from the new clients in JSON and store it in the database as Text.
+instance FromField ImageData where
+  fromField f@(Field r _) = case r of
+    SQLBlob b -> Ok $ ImageData b
+    SQLText t -> case strDecode $ encodeUtf8 t of
+      Right d -> Ok d
+      Left e -> returnError ConversionFailed f ("couldn't parse field ImageData: " ++ e)
+    _ -> returnError ConversionFailed f "expecting SQLBlob or SQLText column type"
 
 data CReqClientData = CRDataGroup {groupLinkId :: GroupLinkId}
 

src/Simplex/Chat/View.hs

@@ -1294,7 +1294,7 @@ viewUserProfileUpdated Profile {displayName = n, fullName, image, contactLink, p
 
 viewUserProfileImage :: Profile -> [StyledString]
 viewUserProfileImage Profile {image} = case image of
-  Just (ImageData img) -> ["Profile image:", plain img]
+  Just img -> ["Profile image:", plain $ strEncode img]
   _ -> ["No profile image"]
 
 viewUserContactPrefsUpdated :: User -> Contact -> Contact -> [StyledString]

tests/ChatTests/Groups.hs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 {-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}
 {-# LANGUAGE PostfixOperators #-}
+{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
 
 module ChatTests.Groups where
 
@@ -8,7 +9,7 @@ import ChatTests.Utils
 import Control.Concurrent (threadDelay)
 import Control.Concurrent.Async (concurrently_)
 import Control.Monad (void, when)
-import qualified Data.ByteString as B
+import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8 as B
 import Data.List (isInfixOf)
 import qualified Data.Text as T
 import Simplex.Chat.Controller (ChatConfig (..), XFTPFileConfig (..))
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ import Simplex.Chat.Protocol (supportedChatVRange)
 import Simplex.Chat.Store (agentStoreFile, chatStoreFile)
 import Simplex.Chat.Types (GroupMemberRole (..))
 import qualified Simplex.Messaging.Agent.Store.SQLite.DB as DB
+import Simplex.Messaging.Encoding.String
 import Simplex.Messaging.Version
 import System.Directory (copyFile)
 import System.FilePath ((</>))
@@ -3046,6 +3048,7 @@ testGroupLinkNoContactHostProfileReceived =
   testChat2 aliceProfile bobProfile $
     \alice bob -> do
       let profileImage = "data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII="
+          profileImageData = either error id $ strDecode $ B.pack profileImage
       alice ##> ("/set profile image " <> profileImage)
       alice <## "profile image updated"
 
@@ -3067,7 +3070,7 @@ testGroupLinkNoContactHostProfileReceived =
       threadDelay 100000
 
       aliceImage <- getProfilePictureByName bob "alice"
-      aliceImage `shouldBe` Just profileImage
+      aliceImage `shouldBe` Just profileImageData
 
 testGroupLinkNoContactExistingContactMerged :: HasCallStack => FilePath -> IO ()
 testGroupLinkNoContactExistingContactMerged =

tests/ChatTests/Profiles.hs

@@ -116,11 +116,11 @@ testUpdateProfileImage =
   testChat2 aliceProfile bobProfile $
     \alice bob -> do
       connectUsers alice bob
-      alice ##> "/set profile image data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII="
+      alice ##> "/set profile image iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII="
       alice <## "profile image updated"
       alice ##> "/show profile image"
       alice <## "Profile image:"
-      alice <## "data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII="
+      alice <## "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII="
       alice ##> "/delete profile image"
       alice <## "profile image removed"
       alice ##> "/show profile image"

tests/ChatTests/Utils.hs

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ aliceProfile :: Profile
 aliceProfile = Profile {displayName = "alice", fullName = "Alice", image = Nothing, contactLink = Nothing, preferences = defaultPrefs}
 
 bobProfile :: Profile
-bobProfile = Profile {displayName = "bob", fullName = "Bob", image = Just (ImageData "data:image/png;base64,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"), contactLink = Nothing, preferences = defaultPrefs}
+bobProfile = Profile {displayName = "bob", fullName = "Bob", image = Just "data:image/png;base64,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", contactLink = Nothing, preferences = defaultPrefs}
 
 cathProfile :: Profile
 cathProfile = Profile {displayName = "cath", fullName = "Catherine", image = Nothing, contactLink = Nothing, preferences = defaultPrefs}
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ createCCNoteFolder cc =
     withCCUser cc $ \user ->
       runExceptT (createNoteFolder db user) >>= either (fail . show) pure
 
-getProfilePictureByName :: TestCC -> String -> IO (Maybe String)
+getProfilePictureByName :: TestCC -> String -> IO (Maybe ImageData)
 getProfilePictureByName cc displayName =
   withTransaction (chatStore $ chatController cc) $ \db ->
     maybeFirstRow fromOnly $

tests/ProtocolTests.hs

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ testGroupPreferences :: Maybe GroupPreferences
 testGroupPreferences = Just GroupPreferences {timedMessages = Nothing, directMessages = Nothing, reactions = Just ReactionsGroupPreference {enable = FEOn}, voice = Just VoiceGroupPreference {enable = FEOn}, files = Nothing, fullDelete = Nothing, history = Nothing}
 
 testProfile :: Profile
-testProfile = Profile {displayName = "alice", fullName = "Alice", image = Just (ImageData "data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII="), contactLink = Nothing, preferences = testChatPreferences}
+testProfile = Profile {displayName = "alice", fullName = "Alice", image = Just "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=", contactLink = Nothing, preferences = testChatPreferences}
 
 testGroupProfile :: GroupProfile
 testGroupProfile = GroupProfile {displayName = "team", fullName = "Team", description = Nothing, image = Nothing, groupPreferences = testGroupPreferences}
@@ -118,13 +118,19 @@ decodeChatMessageTest = describe "Chat message encoding/decoding" $ do
       #==# XMsgNew (MCSimple (ExtMsgContent (MCText "hello") Nothing Nothing (Just True)))
   it "x.msg.new simple link" $
     "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.msg.new\",\"params\":{\"content\":{\"text\":\"https://simplex.chat\",\"type\":\"link\",\"preview\":{\"description\":\"SimpleX Chat\",\"image\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgA\",\"title\":\"SimpleX Chat\",\"uri\":\"https://simplex.chat\"}}}}"
-      #==# XMsgNew (MCSimple (extMsgContent (MCLink "https://simplex.chat" $ LinkPreview {uri = "https://simplex.chat", title = "SimpleX Chat", description = "SimpleX Chat", image = ImageData "data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgA", content = Nothing}) Nothing))
-  it "x.msg.new simple image" $
+      ==# XMsgNew (MCSimple (extMsgContent (MCLink "https://simplex.chat" $ LinkPreview {uri = "https://simplex.chat", title = "SimpleX Chat", description = "SimpleX Chat", image = "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgA", content = Nothing}) Nothing))
+  it "x.msg.new simple link (no image prefix)" $
+    "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.msg.new\",\"params\":{\"content\":{\"text\":\"https://simplex.chat\",\"type\":\"link\",\"preview\":{\"description\":\"SimpleX Chat\",\"image\":\"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgA\",\"title\":\"SimpleX Chat\",\"uri\":\"https://simplex.chat\"}}}}"
+      #==# XMsgNew (MCSimple (extMsgContent (MCLink "https://simplex.chat" $ LinkPreview {uri = "https://simplex.chat", title = "SimpleX Chat", description = "SimpleX Chat", image = "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgA", content = Nothing}) Nothing))
+  it "x.msg.new simple image (with impage prefix)" $
     "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.msg.new\",\"params\":{\"content\":{\"text\":\"\",\"type\":\"image\",\"image\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"}}}"
-      #==# XMsgNew (MCSimple (extMsgContent (MCImage "" $ ImageData "data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=") Nothing))
+      ==# XMsgNew (MCSimple (extMsgContent (MCImage "" "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=") Nothing))
+  it "x.msg.new simple image (no impage prefix)" $
+    "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.msg.new\",\"params\":{\"content\":{\"text\":\"\",\"type\":\"image\",\"image\":\"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"}}}"
+      #==# XMsgNew (MCSimple (extMsgContent (MCImage "" "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=") Nothing))
   it "x.msg.new simple image with text" $
-    "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.msg.new\",\"params\":{\"content\":{\"text\":\"here's an image\",\"type\":\"image\",\"image\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"}}}"
-      #==# XMsgNew (MCSimple (extMsgContent (MCImage "here's an image" $ ImageData "data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=") Nothing))
+    "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.msg.new\",\"params\":{\"content\":{\"text\":\"here's an image\",\"type\":\"image\",\"image\":\"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\"}}}"
+      #==# XMsgNew (MCSimple (extMsgContent (MCImage "here's an image" "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=") Nothing))
   it "x.msg.new chat message" $
     "{\"v\":\"1\",\"msgId\":\"AQIDBA==\",\"event\":\"x.msg.new\",\"params\":{\"content\":{\"text\":\"hello\",\"type\":\"text\"}}}"
       ##==## ChatMessage chatInitialVRange (Just $ SharedMsgId "\1\2\3\4") (XMsgNew (MCSimple (extMsgContent (MCText "hello") Nothing)))
@@ -208,23 +214,26 @@ decodeChatMessageTest = describe "Chat message encoding/decoding" $ do
   it "x.file.cancel" $
     "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.file.cancel\",\"params\":{\"msgId\":\"AQIDBA==\"}}"
       #==# XFileCancel (SharedMsgId "\1\2\3\4")
-  it "x.info" $
+  it "x.info (with image prefix)" $
     "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.info\",\"params\":{\"profile\":{\"fullName\":\"Alice\",\"displayName\":\"alice\",\"image\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\",\"preferences\":{\"reactions\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"},\"voice\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"}}}}}"
+      ==# XInfo testProfile
+  it "x.info (no image prefix)" $
+    "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.info\",\"params\":{\"profile\":{\"fullName\":\"Alice\",\"displayName\":\"alice\",\"image\":\"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\",\"preferences\":{\"reactions\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"},\"voice\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"}}}}}"
       #==# XInfo testProfile
   it "x.info with empty full name" $
     "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.info\",\"params\":{\"profile\":{\"fullName\":\"\",\"displayName\":\"alice\",\"preferences\":{\"reactions\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"},\"voice\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"}}}}}"
       #==# XInfo Profile {displayName = "alice", fullName = "", image = Nothing, contactLink = Nothing, preferences = testChatPreferences}
   it "x.contact with xContactId" $
-    "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.contact\",\"params\":{\"contactReqId\":\"AQIDBA==\",\"profile\":{\"fullName\":\"Alice\",\"displayName\":\"alice\",\"image\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\",\"preferences\":{\"reactions\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"},\"voice\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"}}}}}"
+    "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.contact\",\"params\":{\"contactReqId\":\"AQIDBA==\",\"profile\":{\"fullName\":\"Alice\",\"displayName\":\"alice\",\"image\":\"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\",\"preferences\":{\"reactions\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"},\"voice\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"}}}}}"
       #==# XContact testProfile (Just $ XContactId "\1\2\3\4")
   it "x.contact without XContactId" $
-    "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.contact\",\"params\":{\"profile\":{\"fullName\":\"Alice\",\"displayName\":\"alice\",\"image\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\",\"preferences\":{\"reactions\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"},\"voice\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"}}}}}"
+    "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.contact\",\"params\":{\"profile\":{\"fullName\":\"Alice\",\"displayName\":\"alice\",\"image\":\"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\",\"preferences\":{\"reactions\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"},\"voice\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"}}}}}"
       #==# XContact testProfile Nothing
   it "x.contact with content null" $
-    "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.contact\",\"params\":{\"content\":null,\"profile\":{\"fullName\":\"Alice\",\"displayName\":\"alice\",\"image\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\",\"preferences\":{\"reactions\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"},\"voice\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"}}}}}"
+    "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.contact\",\"params\":{\"content\":null,\"profile\":{\"fullName\":\"Alice\",\"displayName\":\"alice\",\"image\":\"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\",\"preferences\":{\"reactions\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"},\"voice\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"}}}}}"
       ==# XContact testProfile Nothing
   it "x.contact with content (ignored)" $
-    "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.contact\",\"params\":{\"content\":{\"text\":\"hello\",\"type\":\"text\"},\"profile\":{\"fullName\":\"Alice\",\"displayName\":\"alice\",\"image\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\",\"preferences\":{\"reactions\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"},\"voice\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"}}}}}"
+    "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.contact\",\"params\":{\"content\":{\"text\":\"hello\",\"type\":\"text\"},\"profile\":{\"fullName\":\"Alice\",\"displayName\":\"alice\",\"image\":\"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\",\"preferences\":{\"reactions\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"},\"voice\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"}}}}}"
       ==# XContact testProfile Nothing
   it "x.grp.inv" $
     "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.grp.inv\",\"params\":{\"groupInvitation\":{\"connRequest\":\"simplex:/invitation#/?v=1&smp=smp%3A%2F%2F1234-w%3D%3D%40smp.simplex.im%3A5223%2F3456-w%3D%3D%23%2F%3Fv%3D1-2%26dh%3DMCowBQYDK2VuAyEAjiswwI3O_NlS8Fk3HJUW870EY2bAwmttMBsvRB9eV3o%253D&e2e=v%3D1-2%26x3dh%3DMEIwBQYDK2VvAzkAmKuSYeQ_m0SixPDS8Wq8VBaTS1cW-Lp0n0h4Diu-kUpR-qXx4SDJ32YGEFoGFGSbGPry5Ychr6U%3D%2CMEIwBQYDK2VvAzkAmKuSYeQ_m0SixPDS8Wq8VBaTS1cW-Lp0n0h4Diu-kUpR-qXx4SDJ32YGEFoGFGSbGPry5Ychr6U%3D\",\"invitedMember\":{\"memberRole\":\"member\",\"memberId\":\"BQYHCA==\"},\"groupProfile\":{\"fullName\":\"Team\",\"displayName\":\"team\",\"groupPreferences\":{\"reactions\":{\"enable\":\"on\"},\"voice\":{\"enable\":\"on\"}}},\"fromMember\":{\"memberRole\":\"admin\",\"memberId\":\"AQIDBA==\"}}}}"
@@ -235,20 +244,23 @@ decodeChatMessageTest = describe "Chat message encoding/decoding" $ do
   it "x.grp.acpt without incognito profile" $
     "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.grp.acpt\",\"params\":{\"memberId\":\"AQIDBA==\"}}"
       #==# XGrpAcpt (MemberId "\1\2\3\4")
-  it "x.grp.mem.new" $
+  it "x.grp.mem.new (with image prefix)" $
     "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.grp.mem.new\",\"params\":{\"memberInfo\":{\"memberRole\":\"admin\",\"memberId\":\"AQIDBA==\",\"profile\":{\"fullName\":\"Alice\",\"displayName\":\"alice\",\"image\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\",\"preferences\":{\"reactions\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"},\"voice\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"}}}}}}"
+      ==# XGrpMemNew MemberInfo {memberId = MemberId "\1\2\3\4", memberRole = GRAdmin, v = Nothing, profile = testProfile}
+  it "x.grp.mem.new (no image prefix)" $
+    "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.grp.mem.new\",\"params\":{\"memberInfo\":{\"memberRole\":\"admin\",\"memberId\":\"AQIDBA==\",\"profile\":{\"fullName\":\"Alice\",\"displayName\":\"alice\",\"image\":\"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\",\"preferences\":{\"reactions\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"},\"voice\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"}}}}}}"
       #==# XGrpMemNew MemberInfo {memberId = MemberId "\1\2\3\4", memberRole = GRAdmin, v = Nothing, profile = testProfile}
   it "x.grp.mem.new with member chat version range" $
-    "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.grp.mem.new\",\"params\":{\"memberInfo\":{\"memberRole\":\"admin\",\"memberId\":\"AQIDBA==\",\"v\":\"1-7\",\"profile\":{\"fullName\":\"Alice\",\"displayName\":\"alice\",\"image\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\",\"preferences\":{\"reactions\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"},\"voice\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"}}}}}}"
+    "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.grp.mem.new\",\"params\":{\"memberInfo\":{\"memberRole\":\"admin\",\"memberId\":\"AQIDBA==\",\"v\":\"1-7\",\"profile\":{\"fullName\":\"Alice\",\"displayName\":\"alice\",\"image\":\"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\",\"preferences\":{\"reactions\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"},\"voice\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"}}}}}}"
       #==# XGrpMemNew MemberInfo {memberId = MemberId "\1\2\3\4", memberRole = GRAdmin, v = Just $ ChatVersionRange supportedChatVRange, profile = testProfile}
   it "x.grp.mem.intro" $
-    "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.grp.mem.intro\",\"params\":{\"memberInfo\":{\"memberRole\":\"admin\",\"memberId\":\"AQIDBA==\",\"profile\":{\"fullName\":\"Alice\",\"displayName\":\"alice\",\"image\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\",\"preferences\":{\"reactions\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"},\"voice\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"}}}}}}"
+    "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.grp.mem.intro\",\"params\":{\"memberInfo\":{\"memberRole\":\"admin\",\"memberId\":\"AQIDBA==\",\"profile\":{\"fullName\":\"Alice\",\"displayName\":\"alice\",\"image\":\"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\",\"preferences\":{\"reactions\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"},\"voice\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"}}}}}}"
       #==# XGrpMemIntro MemberInfo {memberId = MemberId "\1\2\3\4", memberRole = GRAdmin, v = Nothing, profile = testProfile} Nothing
   it "x.grp.mem.intro with member chat version range" $
-    "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.grp.mem.intro\",\"params\":{\"memberInfo\":{\"memberRole\":\"admin\",\"memberId\":\"AQIDBA==\",\"v\":\"1-7\",\"profile\":{\"fullName\":\"Alice\",\"displayName\":\"alice\",\"image\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\",\"preferences\":{\"reactions\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"},\"voice\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"}}}}}}"
+    "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.grp.mem.intro\",\"params\":{\"memberInfo\":{\"memberRole\":\"admin\",\"memberId\":\"AQIDBA==\",\"v\":\"1-7\",\"profile\":{\"fullName\":\"Alice\",\"displayName\":\"alice\",\"image\":\"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\",\"preferences\":{\"reactions\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"},\"voice\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"}}}}}}"
       #==# XGrpMemIntro MemberInfo {memberId = MemberId "\1\2\3\4", memberRole = GRAdmin, v = Just $ ChatVersionRange supportedChatVRange, profile = testProfile} Nothing
   it "x.grp.mem.intro with member restrictions" $
-    "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.grp.mem.intro\",\"params\":{\"memberRestrictions\":{\"restriction\":\"blocked\"},\"memberInfo\":{\"memberRole\":\"admin\",\"memberId\":\"AQIDBA==\",\"profile\":{\"fullName\":\"Alice\",\"displayName\":\"alice\",\"image\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\",\"preferences\":{\"reactions\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"},\"voice\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"}}}}}}"
+    "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.grp.mem.intro\",\"params\":{\"memberRestrictions\":{\"restriction\":\"blocked\"},\"memberInfo\":{\"memberRole\":\"admin\",\"memberId\":\"AQIDBA==\",\"profile\":{\"fullName\":\"Alice\",\"displayName\":\"alice\",\"image\":\"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\",\"preferences\":{\"reactions\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"},\"voice\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"}}}}}}"
       #==# XGrpMemIntro MemberInfo {memberId = MemberId "\1\2\3\4", memberRole = GRAdmin, v = Nothing, profile = testProfile} (Just MemberRestrictions {restriction = MRSBlocked})
   it "x.grp.mem.inv" $
     "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.grp.mem.inv\",\"params\":{\"memberId\":\"AQIDBA==\",\"memberIntro\":{\"directConnReq\":\"simplex:/invitation#/?v=1&smp=smp%3A%2F%2F1234-w%3D%3D%40smp.simplex.im%3A5223%2F3456-w%3D%3D%23%2F%3Fv%3D1-2%26dh%3DMCowBQYDK2VuAyEAjiswwI3O_NlS8Fk3HJUW870EY2bAwmttMBsvRB9eV3o%253D&e2e=v%3D1-2%26x3dh%3DMEIwBQYDK2VvAzkAmKuSYeQ_m0SixPDS8Wq8VBaTS1cW-Lp0n0h4Diu-kUpR-qXx4SDJ32YGEFoGFGSbGPry5Ychr6U%3D%2CMEIwBQYDK2VvAzkAmKuSYeQ_m0SixPDS8Wq8VBaTS1cW-Lp0n0h4Diu-kUpR-qXx4SDJ32YGEFoGFGSbGPry5Ychr6U%3D\",\"groupConnReq\":\"simplex:/invitation#/?v=1&smp=smp%3A%2F%2F1234-w%3D%3D%40smp.simplex.im%3A5223%2F3456-w%3D%3D%23%2F%3Fv%3D1-2%26dh%3DMCowBQYDK2VuAyEAjiswwI3O_NlS8Fk3HJUW870EY2bAwmttMBsvRB9eV3o%253D&e2e=v%3D1-2%26x3dh%3DMEIwBQYDK2VvAzkAmKuSYeQ_m0SixPDS8Wq8VBaTS1cW-Lp0n0h4Diu-kUpR-qXx4SDJ32YGEFoGFGSbGPry5Ychr6U%3D%2CMEIwBQYDK2VvAzkAmKuSYeQ_m0SixPDS8Wq8VBaTS1cW-Lp0n0h4Diu-kUpR-qXx4SDJ32YGEFoGFGSbGPry5Ychr6U%3D\"}}}"
@@ -257,13 +269,13 @@ decodeChatMessageTest = describe "Chat message encoding/decoding" $ do
     "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.grp.mem.inv\",\"params\":{\"memberId\":\"AQIDBA==\",\"memberIntro\":{\"groupConnReq\":\"simplex:/invitation#/?v=1&smp=smp%3A%2F%2F1234-w%3D%3D%40smp.simplex.im%3A5223%2F3456-w%3D%3D%23%2F%3Fv%3D1-2%26dh%3DMCowBQYDK2VuAyEAjiswwI3O_NlS8Fk3HJUW870EY2bAwmttMBsvRB9eV3o%253D&e2e=v%3D1-2%26x3dh%3DMEIwBQYDK2VvAzkAmKuSYeQ_m0SixPDS8Wq8VBaTS1cW-Lp0n0h4Diu-kUpR-qXx4SDJ32YGEFoGFGSbGPry5Ychr6U%3D%2CMEIwBQYDK2VvAzkAmKuSYeQ_m0SixPDS8Wq8VBaTS1cW-Lp0n0h4Diu-kUpR-qXx4SDJ32YGEFoGFGSbGPry5Ychr6U%3D\"}}}"
       #==# XGrpMemInv (MemberId "\1\2\3\4") IntroInvitation {groupConnReq = testConnReq, directConnReq = Nothing}
   it "x.grp.mem.fwd" $
-    "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.grp.mem.fwd\",\"params\":{\"memberIntro\":{\"directConnReq\":\"simplex:/invitation#/?v=1&smp=smp%3A%2F%2F1234-w%3D%3D%40smp.simplex.im%3A5223%2F3456-w%3D%3D%23%2F%3Fv%3D1-2%26dh%3DMCowBQYDK2VuAyEAjiswwI3O_NlS8Fk3HJUW870EY2bAwmttMBsvRB9eV3o%253D&e2e=v%3D1-2%26x3dh%3DMEIwBQYDK2VvAzkAmKuSYeQ_m0SixPDS8Wq8VBaTS1cW-Lp0n0h4Diu-kUpR-qXx4SDJ32YGEFoGFGSbGPry5Ychr6U%3D%2CMEIwBQYDK2VvAzkAmKuSYeQ_m0SixPDS8Wq8VBaTS1cW-Lp0n0h4Diu-kUpR-qXx4SDJ32YGEFoGFGSbGPry5Ychr6U%3D\",\"groupConnReq\":\"simplex:/invitation#/?v=1&smp=smp%3A%2F%2F1234-w%3D%3D%40smp.simplex.im%3A5223%2F3456-w%3D%3D%23%2F%3Fv%3D1-2%26dh%3DMCowBQYDK2VuAyEAjiswwI3O_NlS8Fk3HJUW870EY2bAwmttMBsvRB9eV3o%253D&e2e=v%3D1-2%26x3dh%3DMEIwBQYDK2VvAzkAmKuSYeQ_m0SixPDS8Wq8VBaTS1cW-Lp0n0h4Diu-kUpR-qXx4SDJ32YGEFoGFGSbGPry5Ychr6U%3D%2CMEIwBQYDK2VvAzkAmKuSYeQ_m0SixPDS8Wq8VBaTS1cW-Lp0n0h4Diu-kUpR-qXx4SDJ32YGEFoGFGSbGPry5Ychr6U%3D\"},\"memberInfo\":{\"memberRole\":\"admin\",\"memberId\":\"AQIDBA==\",\"profile\":{\"fullName\":\"Alice\",\"displayName\":\"alice\",\"image\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\",\"preferences\":{\"reactions\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"},\"voice\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"}}}}}}"
+    "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.grp.mem.fwd\",\"params\":{\"memberIntro\":{\"directConnReq\":\"simplex:/invitation#/?v=1&smp=smp%3A%2F%2F1234-w%3D%3D%40smp.simplex.im%3A5223%2F3456-w%3D%3D%23%2F%3Fv%3D1-2%26dh%3DMCowBQYDK2VuAyEAjiswwI3O_NlS8Fk3HJUW870EY2bAwmttMBsvRB9eV3o%253D&e2e=v%3D1-2%26x3dh%3DMEIwBQYDK2VvAzkAmKuSYeQ_m0SixPDS8Wq8VBaTS1cW-Lp0n0h4Diu-kUpR-qXx4SDJ32YGEFoGFGSbGPry5Ychr6U%3D%2CMEIwBQYDK2VvAzkAmKuSYeQ_m0SixPDS8Wq8VBaTS1cW-Lp0n0h4Diu-kUpR-qXx4SDJ32YGEFoGFGSbGPry5Ychr6U%3D\",\"groupConnReq\":\"simplex:/invitation#/?v=1&smp=smp%3A%2F%2F1234-w%3D%3D%40smp.simplex.im%3A5223%2F3456-w%3D%3D%23%2F%3Fv%3D1-2%26dh%3DMCowBQYDK2VuAyEAjiswwI3O_NlS8Fk3HJUW870EY2bAwmttMBsvRB9eV3o%253D&e2e=v%3D1-2%26x3dh%3DMEIwBQYDK2VvAzkAmKuSYeQ_m0SixPDS8Wq8VBaTS1cW-Lp0n0h4Diu-kUpR-qXx4SDJ32YGEFoGFGSbGPry5Ychr6U%3D%2CMEIwBQYDK2VvAzkAmKuSYeQ_m0SixPDS8Wq8VBaTS1cW-Lp0n0h4Diu-kUpR-qXx4SDJ32YGEFoGFGSbGPry5Ychr6U%3D\"},\"memberInfo\":{\"memberRole\":\"admin\",\"memberId\":\"AQIDBA==\",\"profile\":{\"fullName\":\"Alice\",\"displayName\":\"alice\",\"image\":\"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\",\"preferences\":{\"reactions\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"},\"voice\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"}}}}}}"
       #==# XGrpMemFwd MemberInfo {memberId = MemberId "\1\2\3\4", memberRole = GRAdmin, v = Nothing, profile = testProfile} IntroInvitation {groupConnReq = testConnReq, directConnReq = Just testConnReq}
   it "x.grp.mem.fwd with member chat version range and w/t directConnReq" $
-    "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.grp.mem.fwd\",\"params\":{\"memberIntro\":{\"groupConnReq\":\"simplex:/invitation#/?v=1&smp=smp%3A%2F%2F1234-w%3D%3D%40smp.simplex.im%3A5223%2F3456-w%3D%3D%23%2F%3Fv%3D1-2%26dh%3DMCowBQYDK2VuAyEAjiswwI3O_NlS8Fk3HJUW870EY2bAwmttMBsvRB9eV3o%253D&e2e=v%3D1-2%26x3dh%3DMEIwBQYDK2VvAzkAmKuSYeQ_m0SixPDS8Wq8VBaTS1cW-Lp0n0h4Diu-kUpR-qXx4SDJ32YGEFoGFGSbGPry5Ychr6U%3D%2CMEIwBQYDK2VvAzkAmKuSYeQ_m0SixPDS8Wq8VBaTS1cW-Lp0n0h4Diu-kUpR-qXx4SDJ32YGEFoGFGSbGPry5Ychr6U%3D\"},\"memberInfo\":{\"memberRole\":\"admin\",\"memberId\":\"AQIDBA==\",\"v\":\"1-7\",\"profile\":{\"fullName\":\"Alice\",\"displayName\":\"alice\",\"image\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\",\"preferences\":{\"reactions\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"},\"voice\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"}}}}}}"
+    "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.grp.mem.fwd\",\"params\":{\"memberIntro\":{\"groupConnReq\":\"simplex:/invitation#/?v=1&smp=smp%3A%2F%2F1234-w%3D%3D%40smp.simplex.im%3A5223%2F3456-w%3D%3D%23%2F%3Fv%3D1-2%26dh%3DMCowBQYDK2VuAyEAjiswwI3O_NlS8Fk3HJUW870EY2bAwmttMBsvRB9eV3o%253D&e2e=v%3D1-2%26x3dh%3DMEIwBQYDK2VvAzkAmKuSYeQ_m0SixPDS8Wq8VBaTS1cW-Lp0n0h4Diu-kUpR-qXx4SDJ32YGEFoGFGSbGPry5Ychr6U%3D%2CMEIwBQYDK2VvAzkAmKuSYeQ_m0SixPDS8Wq8VBaTS1cW-Lp0n0h4Diu-kUpR-qXx4SDJ32YGEFoGFGSbGPry5Ychr6U%3D\"},\"memberInfo\":{\"memberRole\":\"admin\",\"memberId\":\"AQIDBA==\",\"v\":\"1-7\",\"profile\":{\"fullName\":\"Alice\",\"displayName\":\"alice\",\"image\":\"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\",\"preferences\":{\"reactions\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"},\"voice\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"}}}}}}"
       #==# XGrpMemFwd MemberInfo {memberId = MemberId "\1\2\3\4", memberRole = GRAdmin, v = Just $ ChatVersionRange supportedChatVRange, profile = testProfile} IntroInvitation {groupConnReq = testConnReq, directConnReq = Nothing}
   it "x.grp.mem.info" $
-    "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.grp.mem.info\",\"params\":{\"memberId\":\"AQIDBA==\",\"profile\":{\"fullName\":\"Alice\",\"displayName\":\"alice\",\"image\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\",\"preferences\":{\"reactions\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"},\"voice\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"}}}}}"
+    "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.grp.mem.info\",\"params\":{\"memberId\":\"AQIDBA==\",\"profile\":{\"fullName\":\"Alice\",\"displayName\":\"alice\",\"image\":\"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAIAQMAAAD+wSzIAAAABlBMVEX///+/v7+jQ3Y5AAAADklEQVQI12P4AIX8EAgALgAD/aNpbtEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\",\"preferences\":{\"reactions\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"},\"voice\":{\"allow\":\"yes\"}}}}}"
       #==# XGrpMemInfo (MemberId "\1\2\3\4") testProfile
   it "x.grp.mem.con" $
     "{\"v\":\"1\",\"event\":\"x.grp.mem.con\",\"params\":{\"memberId\":\"AQIDBA==\"}}"