DEV: Add DB backed problem checks to support perform_every config (#25834)

As part of problem checks refactoring, we're moving some data to be DB backed. In this PR it's the tracking of problem check execution. When was it last run, when was the last problem, when should it run next, how many consecutive checks had problems, etc.

This allows us to implement the perform_every feature in scheduled problem checks for checks that don't need to be run every 10 minutes.

db/migrate/20240223052820_create_problem_check_trackers.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+class CreateProblemCheckTrackers < ActiveRecord::Migration[7.0]
+  def change
+    create_table :problem_check_trackers do |t|
+      t.string :identifier, null: false, index: { unique: true }
+
+      t.integer :blips, null: false, default: 0
+
+      t.datetime :last_run_at
+      t.datetime :next_run_at
+      t.datetime :last_success_at
+      t.datetime :last_problem_at
+    end
+  end
+end