discourse/app/controllers/users_controller.rb

# frozen_string_literal: true

class UsersController < ApplicationController
  skip_before_action :authorize_mini_profiler, only: [:avatar]

  requires_login only: [
    :username, :update, :upload_user_image,
    :pick_avatar, :destroy_user_image, :destroy, :check_emails,
    :topic_tracking_state, :preferences, :create_second_factor_totp,
    :enable_second_factor_totp, :disable_second_factor, :list_second_factors,
    :update_second_factor, :create_second_factor_backup, :select_avatar,
    :notification_level, :revoke_auth_token, :register_second_factor_security_key,
    :create_second_factor_security_key, :feature_topic, :clear_featured_topic,
    :bookmarks, :invited
  ]

  skip_before_action :check_xhr, only: [
    :show, :badges, :password_reset_show, :password_reset_update, :update, :account_created,
    :activate_account, :perform_account_activation, :avatar,
    :my_redirect, :toggle_anon, :admin_login, :confirm_admin, :email_login, :summary,
    :feature_topic, :clear_featured_topic, :bookmarks
  ]

  before_action :second_factor_check_confirmed_password, only: [
                  :create_second_factor_totp, :enable_second_factor_totp,
                  :disable_second_factor, :update_second_factor, :create_second_factor_backup,
                  :register_second_factor_security_key, :create_second_factor_security_key
                ]

  before_action :respond_to_suspicious_request, only: [:create]

  # we need to allow account creation with bad CSRF tokens, if people are caching, the CSRF token on the
  #  page is going to be empty, this means that server will see an invalid CSRF and blow the session
  #  once that happens you can't log in with social
  skip_before_action :verify_authenticity_token, only: [:create]
  skip_before_action :redirect_to_login_if_required, only: [:check_username,
                                                            :create,
                                                            :get_honeypot_value,
                                                            :account_created,
                                                            :activate_account,
                                                            :perform_account_activation,
                                                            :send_activation_email,
                                                            :update_activation_email,
                                                            :password_reset_show,
                                                            :password_reset_update,
                                                            :confirm_email_token,
                                                            :email_login,
                                                            :admin_login,
                                                            :confirm_admin]

  after_action :add_noindex_header, only: [:show, :my_redirect]

  def index
  end

  def show(for_card: false)
    return redirect_to path('/login') if SiteSetting.hide_user_profiles_from_public && !current_user

    @user = fetch_user_from_params(
      include_inactive: current_user.try(:staff?) || (current_user && SiteSetting.show_inactive_accounts)
    )

    user_serializer = nil
    if guardian.can_see_profile?(@user)
      serializer_class = for_card ? UserCardSerializer : UserSerializer
      user_serializer = serializer_class.new(@user, scope: guardian, root: 'user')

      topic_id = params[:include_post_count_for].to_i
      if topic_id != 0
        user_serializer.topic_post_count = { topic_id => Post.secured(guardian).where(topic_id: topic_id, user_id: @user.id).count }
      end
    else
      user_serializer = HiddenProfileSerializer.new(@user, scope: guardian, root: 'user')
    end

    if !params[:skip_track_visit] && (@user != current_user)
      track_visit_to_user_profile
    end

    # This is a hack to get around a Rails issue where values with periods aren't handled correctly
    # when used as part of a route.
    if params[:external_id] && params[:external_id].ends_with?('.json')
      return render_json_dump(user_serializer)
    end

    respond_to do |format|
      format.html do
        @restrict_fields = guardian.restrict_user_fields?(@user)
        store_preloaded("user_#{@user.username}", MultiJson.dump(user_serializer))
        render :show
      end

      format.json do
        render_json_dump(user_serializer)
      end
    end
  end

  def show_card
    show(for_card: true)
  end

  def cards
    return redirect_to path('/login') if SiteSetting.hide_user_profiles_from_public && !current_user

    user_ids = params.require(:user_ids).split(",").map(&:to_i)
    raise Discourse::InvalidParameters.new(:user_ids) if user_ids.length > 50

    users = User.where(id: user_ids).includes(:user_option,
                                              :user_stat,
                                              :default_featured_user_badges,
                                              :user_profile,
                                              :card_background_upload,
                                              :primary_group,
                                              :primary_email
                                            )

    users = users.filter { |u| guardian.can_see_profile?(u) }

    preload_fields = User.whitelisted_user_custom_fields(guardian) + UserField.all.pluck(:id).map { |fid| "#{User::USER_FIELD_PREFIX}#{fid}" }
    User.preload_custom_fields(users, preload_fields)
    User.preload_recent_time_read(users)

    render json: users, each_serializer: UserCardSerializer
  end

  def badges
    raise Discourse::NotFound unless SiteSetting.enable_badges?
    show
  end

  def update
    user = fetch_user_from_params
    guardian.ensure_can_edit!(user)
    attributes = user_params

    # We can't update the username via this route. Use the username route
    attributes.delete(:username)

    if params[:user_fields].present?
      attributes[:custom_fields] ||= {}

      fields = UserField.all
      fields = fields.where(editable: true) unless current_user.staff?
      fields.each do |f|
        field_id = f.id.to_s
        next unless params[:user_fields].has_key?(field_id)

        val = params[:user_fields][field_id]
        val = nil if val === "false"
        val = val[0...UserField.max_length] if val

        return render_json_error(I18n.t("login.missing_user_field")) if val.blank? && f.required?
        attributes[:custom_fields]["#{User::USER_FIELD_PREFIX}#{f.id}"] = val
      end
    end

    json_result(user, serializer: UserSerializer, additional_errors: [:user_profile, :user_option]) do |u|
      updater = UserUpdater.new(current_user, user)
      updater.update(attributes.permit!)
    end
  end

  def username
    params.require(:new_username)

    if clashing_with_existing_route?(params[:new_username]) || User.reserved_username?(params[:new_username])
      return render_json_error(I18n.t("login.reserved_username"))
    end

    user = fetch_user_from_params
    guardian.ensure_can_edit_username!(user)

    result = UsernameChanger.change(user, params[:new_username], current_user)

    if result
      render json: { id: user.id, username: user.username }
    else
      render_json_error(user.errors.full_messages.join(','))
    end
  rescue Discourse::InvalidAccess
    if current_user&.staff?
      render_json_error(I18n.t('errors.messages.sso_overrides_username'))
    else
      render json: failed_json, status: 403
    end
  end

  def check_emails
    user = fetch_user_from_params(include_inactive: true)

    unless user == current_user
      guardian.ensure_can_check_emails!(user)
      StaffActionLogger.new(current_user).log_check_email(user, context: params[:context])
    end

    email, *secondary_emails = user.emails
    unconfirmed_emails = user.unconfirmed_emails

    render json: {
      email: email,
      secondary_emails: secondary_emails,
      unconfirmed_emails: unconfirmed_emails,
      associated_accounts: user.associated_accounts
    }
  rescue Discourse::InvalidAccess
    render json: failed_json, status: 403
  end

  def update_primary_email
    if !SiteSetting.enable_secondary_emails
      return render json: failed_json, status: 410
    end

    params.require(:email)

    user = fetch_user_from_params
    guardian.ensure_can_edit_email!(user)

    old_primary = user.primary_email
    if old_primary.email == params[:email]
      return render json: success_json
    end

    new_primary = user.user_emails.find_by(email: params[:email])
    if new_primary.blank?
      return render json: failed_json.merge(errors: [I18n.t("change_email.doesnt_exist")]), status: 428
    end

    User.transaction do
      old_primary.update!(primary: false)
      new_primary.update!(primary: true)

      if current_user.staff? && current_user != user
        StaffActionLogger.new(current_user).log_update_email(user)
      else
        UserHistory.create!(action: UserHistory.actions[:update_email], acting_user_id: user.id)
      end
    end

    render json: success_json
  end

  def destroy_email
    if !SiteSetting.enable_secondary_emails
      return render json: failed_json, status: 410
    end

    params.require(:email)

    user = fetch_user_from_params
    guardian.ensure_can_edit!(user)

    user_email = user.user_emails.find_by(email: params[:email])
    if user_email&.primary
      return render json: failed_json, status: 428
    end

    ActiveRecord::Base.transaction do
      if user_email
        user_email.destroy
      elsif
        user.email_change_requests.where(new_email: params[:email]).destroy_all
      end

      if current_user.staff? && current_user != user
        StaffActionLogger.new(current_user).log_destroy_email(user)
      else
        UserHistory.create(action: UserHistory.actions[:destroy_email], acting_user_id: user.id)
      end
    end

    render json: success_json
  end

  def topic_tracking_state
    user = fetch_user_from_params
    guardian.ensure_can_edit!(user)

    report = TopicTrackingState.report(user)
    serializer = ActiveModel::ArraySerializer.new(report, each_serializer: TopicTrackingStateSerializer)

    render json: MultiJson.dump(serializer)
  end

  def badge_title
    params.require(:user_badge_id)

    user = fetch_user_from_params
    guardian.ensure_can_edit!(user)

    user_badge = UserBadge.find_by(id: params[:user_badge_id])
    previous_title = user.title
    if user_badge && user_badge.user == user && user_badge.badge.allow_title?
      user.title = user_badge.badge.display_name
      user.save!

      log_params = {
        details: "title matching badge id #{user_badge.badge.id}",
        previous_value: previous_title,
        new_value: user.title
      }

      if current_user.staff? && current_user != user
        StaffActionLogger.new(current_user).log_title_change(user, log_params)
      else
        UserHistory.create!(log_params.merge(target_user_id: user.id, action: UserHistory.actions[:change_title]))
      end
    else
      user.title = ''
      user.save!

      log_params = {
        previous_value: previous_title
      }

      if current_user.staff? && current_user != user
        StaffActionLogger
          .new(current_user)
          .log_title_revoke(user, log_params.merge(revoke_reason: 'user title was same as revoked badge name or custom badge name'))
      else
        UserHistory.create!(log_params.merge(target_user_id: user.id, action: UserHistory.actions[:revoke_title]))
      end
    end

    render body: nil
  end

  def preferences
    render body: nil
  end

  def my_redirect
    raise Discourse::NotFound if params[:path] !~ /^[a-z_\-\/]+$/

    if current_user.blank?
      cookies[:destination_url] = path("/my/#{params[:path]}")
      redirect_to path("/login-preferences")
    else
      redirect_to(path("/u/#{current_user.encoded_username}/#{params[:path]}"))
    end
  end

  def profile_hidden
    render nothing: true
  end

  def summary
    @user = fetch_user_from_params(include_inactive: current_user.try(:staff?) || (current_user && SiteSetting.show_inactive_accounts))
    raise Discourse::NotFound unless guardian.can_see_profile?(@user)

    response.headers['X-Robots-Tag'] = 'noindex'

    respond_to do |format|
      format.html do
        @restrict_fields = guardian.restrict_user_fields?(@user)
        render :show
      end
      format.json do
        summary_json = Discourse.cache.fetch(summary_cache_key(@user), expires_in: 1.hour) do
          summary = UserSummary.new(@user, guardian)
          serializer = UserSummarySerializer.new(summary, scope: guardian)
          MultiJson.dump(serializer)
        end
        render json: summary_json
      end
    end
  end

  def invited
    guardian.ensure_can_invite_to_forum!

    offset = params[:offset].to_i || 0
    filter_by = params[:filter] || "redeemed"
    inviter = fetch_user_from_params(include_inactive: current_user.staff? || SiteSetting.show_inactive_accounts)

    invites = if guardian.can_see_invite_details?(inviter) && filter_by == "pending"
      Invite.find_pending_invites_from(inviter, offset)
    elsif filter_by == "redeemed"
      Invite.find_redeemed_invites_from(inviter, offset)
    else
      []
    end

    show_emails = guardian.can_see_invite_emails?(inviter)
    if params[:search].present? && invites.present?
      filter_sql = '(LOWER(users.username) LIKE :filter)'
      filter_sql = '(LOWER(invites.email) LIKE :filter) or (LOWER(users.username) LIKE :filter)' if show_emails
      invites = invites.where(filter_sql, filter: "%#{params[:search].downcase}%")
    end

    render json: MultiJson.dump(InvitedSerializer.new(
      OpenStruct.new(invite_list: invites.to_a, show_emails: show_emails, inviter: inviter, type: filter_by),
      scope: guardian,
      root: false
    ))
  end

  def invite_links
    guardian.ensure_can_invite_to_forum!

    inviter = fetch_user_from_params(include_inactive: current_user.try(:staff?) || (current_user && SiteSetting.show_inactive_accounts))
    guardian.ensure_can_see_invite_details!(inviter)

    offset = params[:offset].to_i || 0
    invites = Invite.find_links_invites_from(inviter, offset)

    render json: MultiJson.dump(invites: serialize_data(invites.to_a, InviteLinkSerializer), can_see_invite_details:  guardian.can_see_invite_details?(inviter))
  end

  def invited_count
    guardian.ensure_can_invite_to_forum!

    inviter = fetch_user_from_params(include_inactive: current_user.try(:staff?) || (current_user && SiteSetting.show_inactive_accounts))

    pending_count = Invite.find_pending_invites_count(inviter)
    redeemed_count = Invite.find_redeemed_invites_count(inviter)
    links_count = Invite.find_links_invites_count(inviter)

    render json: { counts: { pending: pending_count, redeemed: redeemed_count, links: links_count,
                             total: (pending_count.to_i + redeemed_count.to_i) } }
  end

  def is_local_username
    usernames = params[:usernames] if params[:usernames].present?
    usernames = [params[:username]] if params[:username].present?

    raise Discourse::InvalidParameters.new(:usernames) if !usernames.kind_of?(Array)

    groups = Group.where(name: usernames).pluck(:name)
    mentionable_groups =
      if current_user
        Group.mentionable(current_user, include_public: false)
          .where(name: usernames)
          .pluck(:name, :user_count)
          .map do |name, user_count|
          {
            name: name,
            user_count: user_count
          }
        end
      end

    usernames -= groups
    usernames.each(&:downcase!)

    cannot_see = []
    topic_id = params[:topic_id]
    unless topic_id.blank?
      topic = Topic.find_by(id: topic_id)
      usernames.each { |username| cannot_see.push(username) unless Guardian.new(User.find_by_username(username)).can_see?(topic) }
    end

    result = User.where(staged: false)
      .where(username_lower: usernames)
      .pluck(:username_lower)

    render json: {
      valid: result,
      valid_groups: groups,
      mentionable_groups: mentionable_groups,
      cannot_see: cannot_see,
      max_users_notified_per_group_mention: SiteSetting.max_users_notified_per_group_mention
    }
  end

  def render_available_true
    render(json: { available: true })
  end

  def changing_case_of_own_username(target_user, username)
    target_user && username.downcase == (target_user.username.downcase)
  end

  # Used for checking availability of a username and will return suggestions
  # if the username is not available.
  def check_username
    if !params[:username].present?
      params.require(:username) if !params[:email].present?
      return render(json: success_json)
    end
    username = params[:username]&.unicode_normalize

    target_user = user_from_params_or_current_user

    # The special case where someone is changing the case of their own username
    return render_available_true if changing_case_of_own_username(target_user, username)

    checker = UsernameCheckerService.new
    email = params[:email] || target_user.try(:email)
    render json: checker.check_username(username, email)
  end

  def user_from_params_or_current_user
    params[:for_user_id] ? User.find(params[:for_user_id]) : current_user
  end

  def create
    params.require(:email)
    params.require(:username)
    params.require(:invite_code) if SiteSetting.require_invite_code
    params.permit(:user_fields)

    unless SiteSetting.allow_new_registrations
      return fail_with("login.new_registrations_disabled")
    end

    if params[:password] && params[:password].length > User.max_password_length
      return fail_with("login.password_too_long")
    end

    if params[:email].length > 254 + 1 + 253
      return fail_with("login.email_too_long")
    end

    if SiteSetting.require_invite_code && SiteSetting.invite_code.strip.downcase != params[:invite_code].strip.downcase
      return fail_with("login.wrong_invite_code")
    end

    if clashing_with_existing_route?(params[:username]) || User.reserved_username?(params[:username])
      return fail_with("login.reserved_username")
    end

    params[:locale] ||= I18n.locale unless current_user

    new_user_params = user_params.except(:timezone)

    user = User.where(staged: true).with_email(new_user_params[:email].strip.downcase).first

    if user
      user.active = false
      user.unstage!
    end

    user ||= User.new
    user.attributes = new_user_params

    # Handle API approval and
    # auto approve users based on auto_approve_email_domains setting
    if user.approved? || EmailValidator.can_auto_approve_user?(user.email)
      ReviewableUser.set_approved_fields!(user, current_user)
    end

    # Handle custom fields
    user_fields = UserField.all
    if user_fields.present?
      field_params = params[:user_fields] || {}
      fields = user.custom_fields

      user_fields.each do |f|
        field_val = field_params[f.id.to_s]
        if field_val.blank?
          return fail_with("login.missing_user_field") if f.required?
        else
          fields["#{User::USER_FIELD_PREFIX}#{f.id}"] = field_val[0...UserField.max_length]
        end
      end

      user.custom_fields = fields
    end

    authentication = UserAuthenticator.new(user, session)

    if !authentication.has_authenticator? && !SiteSetting.enable_local_logins && !(current_user&.admin? && is_api?)
      return render body: nil, status: :forbidden
    end

    authentication.start

    if authentication.email_valid? && !authentication.authenticated?
      # posted email is different that the already validated one?
      return fail_with('login.incorrect_username_email_or_password')
    end

    activation = UserActivator.new(user, request, session, cookies)
    activation.start

    # just assign a password if we have an authenticator and no password
    # this is the case for Twitter
    user.password = SecureRandom.hex if user.password.blank? && authentication.has_authenticator?

    if user.save
      authentication.finish
      activation.finish
      user.update_timezone_if_missing(params[:timezone])

      secure_session[HONEYPOT_KEY] = nil
      secure_session[CHALLENGE_KEY] = nil

      # save user email in session, to show on account-created page
      session["user_created_message"] = activation.message
      session[SessionController::ACTIVATE_USER_KEY] = user.id

      # If the user was created as active this will
      # ensure their email is confirmed and
      # add them to the review queue if they need to be approved
      user.activate if user.active?

      render json: {
        success: true,
        active: user.active?,
        message: activation.message,
        user_id: user.id
      }
    elsif SiteSetting.hide_email_address_taken && user.errors[:primary_email]&.include?(I18n.t('errors.messages.taken'))
      session["user_created_message"] = activation.success_message

      if existing_user = User.find_by_email(user.primary_email&.email)
        Jobs.enqueue(:critical_user_email, type: :account_exists, user_id: existing_user.id)
      end

      render json: {
        success: true,
        active: user.active?,
        message: activation.success_message,
        user_id: user.id
      }
    else
      errors = user.errors.to_hash
      errors[:email] = errors.delete(:primary_email) if errors[:primary_email]

      render json: {
        success: false,
        message: I18n.t(
          'login.errors',
          errors: user.errors.full_messages.join("\n")
        ),
        errors: errors,
        values: {
          name: user.name,
          username: user.username,
          email: user.primary_email&.email
        },
        is_developer: UsernameCheckerService.is_developer?(user.email)
      }
    end
  rescue ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid
    render json: {
      success: false,
      message: I18n.t("login.something_already_taken")
    }
  end

  def get_honeypot_value
    secure_session.set(HONEYPOT_KEY, honeypot_value, expires: 1.hour)
    secure_session.set(CHALLENGE_KEY, challenge_value, expires: 1.hour)

    render json: {
      value: honeypot_value,
      challenge: challenge_value,
      expires_in: SecureSession.expiry
    }
  end

  def password_reset_show
    expires_now
    token = params[:token]
    password_reset_find_user(token, committing_change: false)

    if !@error
      security_params = {
        is_developer: UsernameCheckerService.is_developer?(@user.email),
        admin: @user.admin?,
        second_factor_required: @user.totp_enabled?,
        security_key_required: @user.security_keys_enabled?,
        backup_enabled: @user.backup_codes_enabled?,
        multiple_second_factor_methods: @user.has_multiple_second_factor_methods?
      }
    end

    respond_to do |format|
      format.html do
        return render 'password_reset', layout: 'no_ember' if @error

        Webauthn.stage_challenge(@user, secure_session)
        store_preloaded(
          "password_reset",
          MultiJson.dump(security_params.merge(Webauthn.allowed_credentials(@user, secure_session)))
        )

        render 'password_reset'
      end

      format.json do
        return render json: { message: @error } if @error

        Webauthn.stage_challenge(@user, secure_session)
        render json: security_params.merge(Webauthn.allowed_credentials(@user, secure_session))
      end
    end
  end

  def password_reset_update
    expires_now
    token = params[:token]
    password_reset_find_user(token, committing_change: true)

    if params[:second_factor_token].present?
      RateLimiter.new(nil, "second-factor-min-#{request.remote_ip}", 3, 1.minute).performed!
    end

    # no point doing anything else if we can't even find
    # a user from the token
    if @user

      if !secure_session["second-factor-#{token}"]
        second_factor_authentication_result = @user.authenticate_second_factor(params, secure_session)
        if !second_factor_authentication_result.ok
          user_error_key = second_factor_authentication_result.reason == "invalid_security_key" ? :user_second_factors : :security_keys
          @user.errors.add(user_error_key, :invalid)
          @error = second_factor_authentication_result.error
        else

          # this must be set because the first call we authenticate e.g. TOTP, and we do
          # not want to re-authenticate on the second call to change the password as this
          # will cause a TOTP error saying the code has already been used
          secure_session["second-factor-#{token}"] = true
        end
      end

      if @invalid_password = params[:password].blank? || params[:password].size > User.max_password_length
        @user.errors.add(:password, :invalid)
      end

      # if we have run into no errors then the user is a-ok to
      # change the password
      if @user.errors.empty?
        @user.update_timezone_if_missing(params[:timezone]) if params[:timezone]
        @user.password = params[:password]
        @user.password_required!
        @user.user_auth_tokens.destroy_all
        if @user.save
          Invite.invalidate_for_email(@user.email) # invite link can't be used to log in anymore
          secure_session["password-#{token}"] = nil
          secure_session["second-factor-#{token}"] = nil
          UserHistory.create!(
            target_user: @user,
            acting_user: @user,
            action: UserHistory.actions[:change_password]
          )
          logon_after_password_reset
        end
      end
    end

    respond_to do |format|
      format.html do
        return render 'password_reset', layout: 'no_ember' if @error

        Webauthn.stage_challenge(@user, secure_session)

        security_params = {
          is_developer: UsernameCheckerService.is_developer?(@user.email),
          admin: @user.admin?,
          second_factor_required: @user.totp_enabled?,
          security_key_required: @user.security_keys_enabled?,
          backup_enabled: @user.backup_codes_enabled?,
          multiple_second_factor_methods: @user.has_multiple_second_factor_methods?
        }.merge(Webauthn.allowed_credentials(@user, secure_session))

        store_preloaded("password_reset", MultiJson.dump(security_params))

        return redirect_to(wizard_path) if Wizard.user_requires_completion?(@user)

        render 'password_reset'
      end

      format.json do
        if @error || @user&.errors&.any?
          render json: {
            success: false,
            message: @error,
            errors: @user&.errors&.to_hash,
            is_developer: UsernameCheckerService.is_developer?(@user&.email),
            admin: @user&.admin?
          }
        else
          render json: {
            success: true,
            message: @success,
            requires_approval: !Guardian.new(@user).can_access_forum?,
            redirect_to: Wizard.user_requires_completion?(@user) ? wizard_path : nil
          }
        end
      end
    end
  end

  def confirm_email_token
    expires_now
    EmailToken.confirm(params[:token])
    render json: success_json
  end

  def logon_after_password_reset
    message =
      if Guardian.new(@user).can_access_forum?
        # Log in the user
        log_on_user(@user)
        'password_reset.success'
      else
        @requires_approval = true
        'password_reset.success_unapproved'
      end

    @success = I18n.t(message)
  end

  def admin_login
    return redirect_to(path("/")) if current_user

    if request.put? && params[:email].present?
      RateLimiter.new(nil, "admin-login-hr-#{request.remote_ip}", 6, 1.hour).performed!
      RateLimiter.new(nil, "admin-login-min-#{request.remote_ip}", 3, 1.minute).performed!

      if user = User.with_email(params[:email]).admins.human_users.first
        email_token = user.email_tokens.create(email: user.email)
        Jobs.enqueue(:critical_user_email, type: :admin_login, user_id: user.id, email_token: email_token.token)
        @message = I18n.t("admin_login.success")
      else
        @message = I18n.t("admin_login.errors.unknown_email_address")
      end
    end

    render layout: 'no_ember'
  rescue RateLimiter::LimitExceeded
    @message = I18n.t("rate_limiter.slow_down")
    render layout: 'no_ember'
  end

  def email_login
    raise Discourse::NotFound if !SiteSetting.enable_local_logins_via_email
    return redirect_to path("/") if current_user

    expires_now
    params.require(:login)

    RateLimiter.new(nil, "email-login-hour-#{request.remote_ip}", 6, 1.hour).performed!
    RateLimiter.new(nil, "email-login-min-#{request.remote_ip}", 3, 1.minute).performed!
    user = User.human_users.find_by_username_or_email(params[:login])
    user_presence = user.present? && !user.staged

    if user
      RateLimiter.new(nil, "email-login-hour-#{user.id}", 6, 1.hour).performed!
      RateLimiter.new(nil, "email-login-min-#{user.id}", 3, 1.minute).performed!

      if user_presence
        email_token = user.email_tokens.create!(email: user.email)

        Jobs.enqueue(:critical_user_email,
          type: :email_login,
          user_id: user.id,
          email_token: email_token.token
        )
      end
    end

    json = success_json
    json[:hide_taken] = SiteSetting.hide_email_address_taken
    json[:user_found] = user_presence unless SiteSetting.hide_email_address_taken
    render json: json
  rescue RateLimiter::LimitExceeded
    render_json_error(I18n.t("rate_limiter.slow_down"))
  end

  def toggle_anon
    user = AnonymousShadowCreator.get_master(current_user) ||
           AnonymousShadowCreator.get(current_user)

    if user
      log_on_user(user)
      render json: success_json
    else
      render json: failed_json, status: 403
    end
  end

  def account_created
    if current_user.present?
      if SiteSetting.enable_sso_provider && payload = cookies.delete(:sso_payload)
        return redirect_to(session_sso_provider_url + "?" + payload)
      elsif destination_url = cookies.delete(:destination_url)
        return redirect_to(destination_url)
      else
        return redirect_to(path('/'))
      end
    end

    @custom_body_class = "static-account-created"
    @message = session['user_created_message'] || I18n.t('activation.missing_session')
    @account_created = { message: @message, show_controls: false }

    if session_user_id = session[SessionController::ACTIVATE_USER_KEY]
      if user = User.where(id: session_user_id.to_i).first
        @account_created[:username] = user.username
        @account_created[:email] = user.email
        @account_created[:show_controls] = !user.from_staged?
      end
    end

    store_preloaded("accountCreated", MultiJson.dump(@account_created))
    expires_now

    respond_to do |format|
      format.html { render "default/empty" }
      format.json { render json: success_json }
    end
  end

  def activate_account
    expires_now
    render layout: 'no_ember'
  end

  def perform_account_activation
    raise Discourse::InvalidAccess.new if honeypot_or_challenge_fails?(params)

    if @user = EmailToken.confirm(params[:token])
      # Log in the user unless they need to be approved
      if Guardian.new(@user).can_access_forum?
        @user.enqueue_welcome_message('welcome_user') if @user.send_welcome_message
        log_on_user(@user)

        if Wizard.user_requires_completion?(@user)
          return redirect_to(wizard_path)
        elsif destination_url = cookies[:destination_url]
          cookies[:destination_url] = nil
          return redirect_to(destination_url)
        elsif SiteSetting.enable_sso_provider && payload = cookies.delete(:sso_payload)
          return redirect_to(session_sso_provider_url + "?" + payload)
        end
      else
        @needs_approval = true
      end
    else
      flash.now[:error] = I18n.t('activation.already_done')
    end

    render layout: 'no_ember'
  end

  def update_activation_email
    RateLimiter.new(nil, "activate-edit-email-hr-#{request.remote_ip}", 5, 1.hour).performed!

    if params[:username].present?
      @user = User.find_by_username_or_email(params[:username])
      raise Discourse::InvalidAccess.new unless @user.present?
      raise Discourse::InvalidAccess.new unless @user.confirm_password?(params[:password])
    elsif user_key = session[SessionController::ACTIVATE_USER_KEY]
      @user = User.where(id: user_key.to_i).first
    end

    if @user.blank? || @user.active? || current_user.present? || @user.from_staged?
      raise Discourse::InvalidAccess.new
    end

    User.transaction do
      primary_email = @user.primary_email
      primary_email.email = params[:email]
      primary_email.skip_validate_email = false

      if primary_email.save
        @user.email_tokens.create!(email: @user.email)
        enqueue_activation_email
        render json: success_json
      else
        render_json_error(primary_email)
      end
    end
  end

  def send_activation_email
    if current_user.blank? || !current_user.staff?
      RateLimiter.new(nil, "activate-hr-#{request.remote_ip}", 30, 1.hour).performed!
      RateLimiter.new(nil, "activate-min-#{request.remote_ip}", 6, 1.minute).performed!
    end

    raise Discourse::InvalidAccess.new if SiteSetting.must_approve_users?

    if params[:username].present?
      @user = User.find_by_username_or_email(params[:username].to_s)
    end
    raise Discourse::NotFound unless @user

    if !current_user&.staff? &&
        @user.id != session[SessionController::ACTIVATE_USER_KEY]

      raise Discourse::InvalidAccess.new
    end

    session.delete(SessionController::ACTIVATE_USER_KEY)

    if @user.active && @user.email_confirmed?
      render_json_error(I18n.t('activation.activated'), status: 409)
    else
      @email_token = @user.email_tokens.unconfirmed.active.first
      enqueue_activation_email
      render body: nil
    end
  end

  def enqueue_activation_email
    @email_token ||= @user.email_tokens.create!(email: @user.email)
    Jobs.enqueue(:critical_user_email, type: :signup, user_id: @user.id, email_token: @email_token.token, to_address: @user.email)
  end

  def search_users
    term = params[:term].to_s.strip

    topic_id = params[:topic_id]
    topic_id = topic_id.to_i if topic_id

    category_id = params[:category_id].to_i if category_id.present?

    topic_allowed_users = params[:topic_allowed_users] || false

    group_names = params[:groups] || []
    group_names << params[:group] if params[:group]
    if group_names.present?
      @groups = Group.where(name: group_names)
    end

    options = {
     topic_allowed_users: topic_allowed_users,
     searching_user: current_user,
     groups: @groups
    }

    if topic_id
      options[:topic_id] = topic_id
    end

    if category_id
      options[:category_id] = category_id
    end

    results = UserSearch.new(term, options).search

    user_fields = [:username, :upload_avatar_template]
    user_fields << :name if SiteSetting.enable_names?

    to_render = { users: results.as_json(only: user_fields, methods: [:avatar_template]) }

    groups =
      if current_user
        if params[:include_groups] == 'true'
          Group.visible_groups(current_user)
        elsif params[:include_mentionable_groups] == 'true'
          Group.mentionable(current_user)
        elsif params[:include_messageable_groups] == 'true'
          Group.messageable(current_user)
        end
      end

    # blank term is only handy for in-topic search of users after @
    # we do not want group results ever if term is blank
    groups = nil if term.blank?

    if groups
      groups = Group.search_groups(term, groups: groups)
      groups = groups.order('groups.name asc')

      to_render[:groups] = groups.map do |m|
        { name: m.name, full_name: m.full_name }
      end
    end

    render json: to_render
  end

  AVATAR_TYPES_WITH_UPLOAD ||= %w{uploaded custom gravatar}

  def pick_avatar
    user = fetch_user_from_params
    guardian.ensure_can_edit!(user)

    type = params[:type]
    upload_id = params[:upload_id]

    if SiteSetting.sso_overrides_avatar
      return render json: failed_json, status: 422
    end

    if !SiteSetting.allow_uploaded_avatars
      if type == "uploaded" || type == "custom"
        return render json: failed_json, status: 422
      end
    end

    upload = Upload.find_by(id: upload_id)

    # old safeguard
    user.create_user_avatar unless user.user_avatar

    guardian.ensure_can_pick_avatar!(user.user_avatar, upload)

    if AVATAR_TYPES_WITH_UPLOAD.include?(type)

      if !upload
        return render_json_error I18n.t("avatar.missing")
      end

      if type == "gravatar"
        user.user_avatar.gravatar_upload_id = upload_id
      else
        user.user_avatar.custom_upload_id = upload_id
      end
    end

    user.uploaded_avatar_id = upload_id
    user.save!
    user.user_avatar.save!

    render json: success_json
  end

  def select_avatar
    user = fetch_user_from_params
    guardian.ensure_can_edit!(user)

    url = params[:url]

    if url.blank?
      return render json: failed_json, status: 422
    end

    unless SiteSetting.selectable_avatars_enabled
      return render json: failed_json, status: 422
    end

    if SiteSetting.selectable_avatars.blank?
      return render json: failed_json, status: 422
    end

    unless SiteSetting.selectable_avatars[url]
      return render json: failed_json, status: 422
    end

    unless upload = Upload.find_by(url: url)
      return render json: failed_json, status: 422
    end

    user.uploaded_avatar_id = upload.id
    user.save!

    avatar = user.user_avatar || user.create_user_avatar
    avatar.custom_upload_id = upload.id
    avatar.save!

    render json: {
      avatar_template: user.avatar_template,
      custom_avatar_template: user.avatar_template,
      uploaded_avatar_id: upload.id,
    }
  end

  def destroy_user_image
    user = fetch_user_from_params
    guardian.ensure_can_edit!(user)

    case params.require(:type)
    when "profile_background"
      user.user_profile.clear_profile_background
    when "card_background"
      user.user_profile.clear_card_background
    else
      raise Discourse::InvalidParameters.new(:type)
    end

    render json: success_json
  end

  def destroy
    @user = fetch_user_from_params
    guardian.ensure_can_delete_user!(@user)

    UserDestroyer.new(current_user).destroy(@user, delete_posts: true, context: params[:context])

    render json: success_json
  end

  def notification_level
    user = fetch_user_from_params

    if params[:notification_level] == "ignore"
      @error_message = "ignore_error"
      guardian.ensure_can_ignore_user!(user)
      MutedUser.where(user: current_user, muted_user: user).delete_all
      ignored_user = IgnoredUser.find_by(user: current_user, ignored_user: user)
      if ignored_user.present?
        ignored_user.update(expiring_at: DateTime.parse(params[:expiring_at]))
      else
        IgnoredUser.create!(user: current_user, ignored_user: user, expiring_at: Time.parse(params[:expiring_at]))
      end
    elsif params[:notification_level] == "mute"
      @error_message = "mute_error"
      guardian.ensure_can_mute_user!(user)
      IgnoredUser.where(user: current_user, ignored_user: user).delete_all
      MutedUser.find_or_create_by!(user: current_user, muted_user: user)
    elsif params[:notification_level] == "normal"
      MutedUser.where(user: current_user, muted_user: user).delete_all
      IgnoredUser.where(user: current_user, ignored_user: user).delete_all
    end

    render json: success_json
  rescue Discourse::InvalidAccess => e
    render_json_error(I18n.t("notification_level.#{@error_message}"))
  end

  def read_faq
    if user = current_user
      user.user_stat.read_faq = 1.second.ago
      user.user_stat.save
    end

    render json: success_json
  end

  def staff_info
    @user = fetch_user_from_params(include_inactive: true)
    guardian.ensure_can_see_staff_info!(@user)

    result = {}

    %W{
      number_of_deleted_posts number_of_flagged_posts number_of_flags_given
      number_of_suspensions warnings_received_count number_of_rejected_posts
    }.each do |info|
      result[info] = @user.public_send(info)
    end

    render json: result
  end

  def confirm_admin
    @confirmation = AdminConfirmation.find_by_code(params[:token])

    raise Discourse::NotFound unless @confirmation
    raise Discourse::InvalidAccess.new unless
      @confirmation.performed_by.id == (current_user&.id || @confirmation.performed_by.id)

    if request.post?
      @confirmation.email_confirmed!
      @confirmed = true
    end

    respond_to do |format|
      format.json { render json: success_json }
      format.html { render layout: 'no_ember' }
    end
  end

  def list_second_factors
    raise Discourse::NotFound if SiteSetting.enable_sso || !SiteSetting.enable_local_logins

    unless params[:password].empty?
      RateLimiter.new(nil, "login-hr-#{request.remote_ip}", SiteSetting.max_logins_per_ip_per_hour, 1.hour).performed!
      RateLimiter.new(nil, "login-min-#{request.remote_ip}", SiteSetting.max_logins_per_ip_per_minute, 1.minute).performed!
      unless current_user.confirm_password?(params[:password])
        return render json: failed_json.merge(
                        error: I18n.t("login.incorrect_password")
                      )
      end
      confirm_secure_session
    end

    if secure_session_confirmed?
      totp_second_factors = current_user.totps
        .select(:id, :name, :last_used, :created_at, :method)
        .where(enabled: true).order(:created_at)

      security_keys = current_user.security_keys.where(factor_type: UserSecurityKey.factor_types[:second_factor]).order(:created_at)

      render json: success_json.merge(
               totps: totp_second_factors,
               security_keys: security_keys
             )
    else
      render json: success_json.merge(
               password_required: true
             )
    end
  end

  def create_second_factor_backup
    backup_codes = current_user.generate_backup_codes

    render json: success_json.merge(
      backup_codes: backup_codes
    )
  end

  def create_second_factor_totp
    require 'rotp' if !defined? ROTP
    totp_data = ROTP::Base32.random
    secure_session["staged-totp-#{current_user.id}"] = totp_data
    qrcode_svg = RQRCode::QRCode.new(current_user.totp_provisioning_uri(totp_data)).as_svg(
      offset: 0,
      color: '000',
      shape_rendering: 'crispEdges',
      module_size: 4
    )

    render json: success_json.merge(
             key: totp_data.scan(/.{4}/).join(" "),
             qr: qrcode_svg
           )
  end

  def create_second_factor_security_key
    challenge_session = Webauthn.stage_challenge(current_user, secure_session)
    render json: success_json.merge(
      challenge: challenge_session.challenge,
      rp_id: challenge_session.rp_id,
      rp_name: challenge_session.rp_name,
      supported_algorithms: ::Webauthn::SUPPORTED_ALGORITHMS,
      user_secure_id: current_user.create_or_fetch_secure_identifier,
      existing_active_credential_ids: current_user.second_factor_security_key_credential_ids
    )
  end

  def register_second_factor_security_key
    params.require(:name)
    params.require(:attestation)
    params.require(:clientData)

    ::Webauthn::SecurityKeyRegistrationService.new(
      current_user,
      params,
      challenge: Webauthn.challenge(current_user, secure_session),
      rp_id: Webauthn.rp_id(current_user, secure_session),
      origin: Discourse.base_url
    ).register_second_factor_security_key
    render json: success_json
  rescue ::Webauthn::SecurityKeyError => err
    render json: failed_json.merge(error: err.message)
  end

  def update_security_key
    user_security_key = current_user.security_keys.find_by(id: params[:id].to_i)
    raise Discourse::InvalidParameters unless user_security_key

    if params[:name] && !params[:name].blank?
      user_security_key.update!(name: params[:name])
    end
    if params[:disable] == "true"
      user_security_key.update!(enabled: false)
    end

    render json: success_json
  end

  def enable_second_factor_totp
    if params[:second_factor_token].blank?
      return render json: failed_json.merge(error: I18n.t("login.missing_second_factor_code"))
    end
    if params[:name].blank?
      return render json: failed_json.merge(error: I18n.t("login.missing_second_factor_name"))
    end
    auth_token = params[:second_factor_token]

    totp_data = secure_session["staged-totp-#{current_user.id}"]
    totp_object = current_user.get_totp_object(totp_data)

    [request.remote_ip, current_user.id].each do |key|
      RateLimiter.new(nil, "second-factor-min-#{key}", 3, 1.minute).performed!
    end

    authenticated = !auth_token.blank? && totp_object.verify(
      auth_token,
      drift_ahead: SecondFactorManager::TOTP_ALLOWED_DRIFT_SECONDS,
      drift_behind: SecondFactorManager::TOTP_ALLOWED_DRIFT_SECONDS
    )
    unless authenticated
      return render json: failed_json.merge(
                      error: I18n.t("login.invalid_second_factor_code")
                    )
    end
    current_user.create_totp(data: totp_data, name: params[:name], enabled: true)
    render json: success_json
  end

  def disable_second_factor
    # delete all second factors for a user
    current_user.user_second_factors.destroy_all

    Jobs.enqueue(
      :critical_user_email,
      type: :account_second_factor_disabled,
      user_id: current_user.id
    )

    render json: success_json
  end

  def update_second_factor
    params.require(:second_factor_target)
    update_second_factor_method = params[:second_factor_target].to_i

    if update_second_factor_method == UserSecondFactor.methods[:totp]
      params.require(:id)
      second_factor_id = params[:id].to_i
      user_second_factor = current_user.user_second_factors.totps.find_by(id: second_factor_id)
    elsif update_second_factor_method == UserSecondFactor.methods[:backup_codes]
      user_second_factor = current_user.user_second_factors.backup_codes
    end

    raise Discourse::InvalidParameters unless user_second_factor

    if params[:name] && !params[:name].blank?
      user_second_factor.update!(name: params[:name])
    end
    if params[:disable] == "true"
      # Disabling backup codes deletes *all* backup codes
      if update_second_factor_method == UserSecondFactor.methods[:backup_codes]
        current_user.user_second_factors.where(method: UserSecondFactor.methods[:backup_codes]).destroy_all
      else
        user_second_factor.update!(enabled: false)
      end

    end

    render json: success_json
  end

  def second_factor_check_confirmed_password
    raise Discourse::NotFound if SiteSetting.enable_sso || !SiteSetting.enable_local_logins

    raise Discourse::InvalidAccess.new unless current_user && secure_session_confirmed?
  end

  def revoke_account
    user = fetch_user_from_params
    guardian.ensure_can_edit!(user)
    provider_name = params.require(:provider_name)

    # Using Discourse.authenticators rather than Discourse.enabled_authenticators so users can
    # revoke permissions even if the admin has temporarily disabled that type of login
    authenticator = Discourse.authenticators.find { |a| a.name == provider_name }
    raise Discourse::NotFound if authenticator.nil? || !authenticator.can_revoke?

    skip_remote = params.permit(:skip_remote)

    # We're likely going to contact the remote auth provider, so hijack request
    hijack do
      DiscourseEvent.trigger(:before_auth_revoke, authenticator, user)
      result = authenticator.revoke(user, skip_remote: skip_remote)
      if result
        render json: success_json
      else
        render json: {
          success: false,
          message: I18n.t("associated_accounts.revoke_failed", provider_name: provider_name)
        }
      end
    end
  end

  def revoke_auth_token
    user = fetch_user_from_params
    guardian.ensure_can_edit!(user)

    if params[:token_id]
      token = UserAuthToken.find_by(id: params[:token_id], user_id: user.id)
      # The user should not be able to revoke the auth token of current session.
      raise Discourse::InvalidParameters.new(:token_id) if !token || guardian.auth_token == token.auth_token
      UserAuthToken.where(id: params[:token_id], user_id: user.id).each(&:destroy!)

      MessageBus.publish "/file-change", ["refresh"], user_ids: [user.id]
    else
      UserAuthToken.where(user_id: user.id).each(&:destroy!)
    end

    render json: success_json
  end

  def feature_topic
    user = fetch_user_from_params
    topic = Topic.find(params[:topic_id].to_i)

    if !guardian.can_feature_topic?(user, topic)
      return render_json_error(I18n.t('activerecord.errors.models.user_profile.attributes.featured_topic_id.invalid'), 403)
    end

    user.user_profile.update(featured_topic_id: topic.id)
    render json: success_json
  end

  def clear_featured_topic
    user = fetch_user_from_params
    guardian.ensure_can_edit!(user)
    user.user_profile.update(featured_topic_id: nil)
    render json: success_json
  end

  def bookmarks
    user = fetch_user_from_params
    guardian.ensure_can_edit!(user)

    respond_to do |format|
      format.json do
        bookmark_list = UserBookmarkList.new(user: user, guardian: guardian, params: params)
        bookmark_list.load

        if bookmark_list.bookmarks.empty?
          render json: {
            bookmarks: [],
            no_results_help: I18n.t("user_activity.no_bookmarks.self")
          }
        else
          page = params[:page].to_i + 1
          bookmark_list.more_bookmarks_url = "#{Discourse.base_path}/u/#{params[:username]}/bookmarks.json?page=#{page}"
          render_serialized(bookmark_list, UserBookmarkListSerializer)
        end
      end
      format.ics do
        @bookmark_reminders = Bookmark.where(user_id: user.id).where.not(reminder_at: nil).joins(:topic)
      end
    end
  end

  HONEYPOT_KEY ||= 'HONEYPOT_KEY'
  CHALLENGE_KEY ||= 'CHALLENGE_KEY'

  protected

  def honeypot_value
    secure_session[HONEYPOT_KEY] ||= SecureRandom.hex
  end

  def challenge_value
    secure_session[CHALLENGE_KEY] ||= SecureRandom.hex
  end

  private

  def password_reset_find_user(token, committing_change:)
    if EmailToken.valid_token_format?(token)
      @user = committing_change ? EmailToken.confirm(token) : EmailToken.confirmable(token)&.user
      if @user
        secure_session["password-#{token}"] = @user.id
      else
        user_id = secure_session["password-#{token}"].to_i
        @user = User.find(user_id) if user_id > 0
      end
    end

    @error = I18n.t('password_reset.no_token') if !@user
  end

  def respond_to_suspicious_request
    if suspicious?(params)
      render json: {
        success: true,
        active: false,
        message: I18n.t("login.activate_email", email: params[:email])
      }
    end
  end

  def suspicious?(params)
    return false if current_user && is_api? && current_user.admin?
    honeypot_or_challenge_fails?(params) || SiteSetting.invite_only?
  end

  def honeypot_or_challenge_fails?(params)
    return false if is_api?
    params[:password_confirmation] != honeypot_value ||
    params[:challenge] != challenge_value.try(:reverse)
  end

  def user_params
    permitted = [
      :name,
      :email,
      :password,
      :username,
      :title,
      :date_of_birth,
      :muted_usernames,
      :ignored_usernames,
      :theme_ids,
      :locale,
      :bio_raw,
      :location,
      :website,
      :dismissed_banner_key,
      :profile_background_upload_url,
      :card_background_upload_url,
      :primary_group_id,
      :featured_topic_id
    ]

    editable_custom_fields = User.editable_user_custom_fields(by_staff: current_user.try(:staff?))
    permitted << { custom_fields: editable_custom_fields } unless editable_custom_fields.blank?
    permitted.concat UserUpdater::OPTION_ATTR
    permitted.concat UserUpdater::CATEGORY_IDS.keys.map { |k| { k => [] } }
    permitted.concat UserUpdater::TAG_NAMES.keys

    result = params
      .permit(permitted, theme_ids: [])
      .reverse_merge(
        ip_address: request.remote_ip,
        registration_ip_address: request.remote_ip
      )

    if !UsernameCheckerService.is_developer?(result['email']) &&
        is_api? &&
        current_user.present? &&
        current_user.admin?

      result.merge!(params.permit(:active, :staged, :approved))
    end

    modify_user_params(result)
  end

  # Plugins can use this to modify user parameters
  def modify_user_params(attrs)
    attrs
  end

  def fail_with(key)
    render json: { success: false, message: I18n.t(key) }
  end

  def track_visit_to_user_profile
    user_profile_id = @user.user_profile.id
    ip = request.remote_ip
    user_id = (current_user.id if current_user)

    Scheduler::Defer.later 'Track profile view visit' do
      UserProfileView.add(user_profile_id, ip, user_id)
    end
  end

  def clashing_with_existing_route?(username)
    normalized_username = User.normalize_username(username)
    http_verbs = %w[GET POST PUT DELETE PATCH]
    allowed_actions = %w[show update destroy]

    http_verbs.any? do |verb|
      begin
        path = Rails.application.routes.recognize_path("/u/#{normalized_username}", method: verb)
        allowed_actions.exclude?(path[:action])
      rescue ActionController::RoutingError
        false
      end
    end
  end

  def confirm_secure_session
    secure_session["confirmed-password-#{current_user.id}"] = "true"
  end

  def secure_session_confirmed?
    secure_session["confirmed-password-#{current_user.id}"] == "true"
  end

  def summary_cache_key(user)
    "user_summary:#{user.id}:#{current_user ? current_user.id : 0}"
  end
end