freeipa/ipaserver/install/certs.py

# Authors: Karl MacMillan <kmacmillan@mentalrootkit.com>
#
# Copyright (C) 2007  Red Hat
# see file 'COPYING' for use and warranty information
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
#

import os
import stat
import sys
import tempfile
import shutil
import xml.dom.minidom
import pwd
import base64
from hashlib import sha1
import fcntl
import time
import datetime

from six.moves import configparser

from ipapython.ipa_log_manager import root_logger
from ipapython import dogtag
from ipapython import sysrestore
from ipapython import ipautil
from ipapython import certmonger
from ipapython.certdb import get_ca_nickname, find_cert_from_txt, NSSDatabase
from ipapython.dn import DN
from ipalib import pkcs10, x509, api
from ipalib.errors import CertificateOperationError
from ipalib.text import _
from ipaplatform.constants import constants
from ipaplatform.paths import paths

# Apache needs access to this database so we need to create it
# where apache can reach
NSS_DIR = paths.HTTPD_ALIAS_DIR


def get_cert_nickname(cert):
    """
    Using the subject from cert come up with a nickname suitable
    for NSS. The caller can decide whether to use just the RDN
    or the whole subject.

    Returns a tuple of (rdn, subject_dn) when rdn is the string
    representation of the first RDN in the subject and subject_dn
    is a DN object.
    """
    cert_obj = x509.load_certificate(cert)
    dn = DN(cert_obj.subject)

    return (str(dn[0]), dn)


class CertDB(object):
    """An IPA-server-specific wrapper around NSS

    This class knows IPA-specific details such as nssdir location, or the
    CA cert name.
    """
    # TODO: Remove all selfsign code
    def __init__(self, realm, nssdir=NSS_DIR, fstore=None, host_name=None, subject_base=None):
        self.nssdb = NSSDatabase(nssdir)

        self.secdir = nssdir
        self.realm = realm

        self.noise_fname = self.secdir + "/noise.txt"
        self.passwd_fname = self.secdir + "/pwdfile.txt"
        self.certdb_fname = self.secdir + "/cert8.db"
        self.keydb_fname = self.secdir + "/key3.db"
        self.secmod_fname = self.secdir + "/secmod.db"
        self.cacert_fname = self.secdir + "/cacert.asc"
        self.pk12_fname = self.secdir + "/cacert.p12"
        self.pin_fname = self.secdir + "/pin.txt"
        self.pwd_conf = paths.HTTPD_PASSWORD_CONF
        self.reqdir = None
        self.certreq_fname = None
        self.certder_fname = None
        self.host_name = host_name
        self.subject_base = subject_base
        try:
            self.cwd = os.getcwd()
        except OSError as e:
            raise RuntimeError("Unable to determine the current directory: %s" % str(e))

        if not subject_base:
            self.subject_base = DN(('O', 'IPA'))

        self.cacert_name = get_ca_nickname(self.realm)
        self.valid_months = "120"
        self.keysize = "1024"

        # We are going to set the owner of all of the cert
        # files to the owner of the containing directory
        # instead of that of the process. This works when
        # this is called by root for a daemon that runs as
        # a normal user
        mode = os.stat(self.secdir)
        self.uid = mode[stat.ST_UID]
        self.gid = mode[stat.ST_GID]

        if fstore:
            self.fstore = fstore
        else:
            self.fstore = sysrestore.FileStore(paths.SYSRESTORE)

    subject_base = ipautil.dn_attribute_property('_subject_base')

    def __del__(self):
        if self.reqdir is not None:
            shutil.rmtree(self.reqdir, ignore_errors=True)
        try:
            os.chdir(self.cwd)
        except OSError:
            pass

    def setup_cert_request(self):
        """
        Create a temporary directory to store certificate requests and
        certificates. This should be called before requesting certificates.

        This is set outside of __init__ to avoid creating a temporary
        directory every time we open a cert DB.
        """
        if self.reqdir is not None:
            return

        self.reqdir = tempfile.mkdtemp('', 'ipa-', paths.VAR_LIB_IPA)
        self.certreq_fname = self.reqdir + "/tmpcertreq"
        self.certder_fname = self.reqdir + "/tmpcert.der"

        # When certutil makes a request it creates a file in the cwd, make
        # sure we are in a unique place when this happens
        os.chdir(self.reqdir)

    def set_perms(self, fname, write=False, uid=None):
        if uid:
            pent = pwd.getpwnam(uid)
            os.chown(fname, pent.pw_uid, pent.pw_gid)
        else:
            os.chown(fname, self.uid, self.gid)
        perms = stat.S_IRUSR
        if write:
            perms |= stat.S_IWUSR
        os.chmod(fname, perms)

    def gen_password(self):
        return sha1(ipautil.ipa_generate_password()).hexdigest()

    def run_certutil(self, args, stdin=None, **kwargs):
        return self.nssdb.run_certutil(args, stdin, **kwargs)

    def run_signtool(self, args, stdin=None):
        with open(self.passwd_fname, "r") as f:
            password = f.readline()
        new_args = [paths.SIGNTOOL, "-d", self.secdir, "-p", password]

        new_args = new_args + args
        ipautil.run(new_args, stdin)

    def create_noise_file(self):
        if ipautil.file_exists(self.noise_fname):
            os.remove(self.noise_fname)
        f = open(self.noise_fname, "w")
        f.write(self.gen_password())
        self.set_perms(self.noise_fname)

    def create_passwd_file(self, passwd=None):
        ipautil.backup_file(self.passwd_fname)
        f = open(self.passwd_fname, "w")
        if passwd is not None:
            f.write("%s\n" % passwd)
        else:
            f.write(self.gen_password())
        f.close()
        self.set_perms(self.passwd_fname)

    def create_certdbs(self):
        ipautil.backup_file(self.certdb_fname)
        ipautil.backup_file(self.keydb_fname)
        ipautil.backup_file(self.secmod_fname)
        self.nssdb.create_db(self.passwd_fname)
        self.set_perms(self.passwd_fname, write=True)

    def list_certs(self):
        """
        Return a tuple of tuples containing (nickname, trust)
        """
        return self.nssdb.list_certs()

    def has_nickname(self, nickname):
        """
        Returns True if nickname exists in the certdb, False otherwise.

        This could also be done directly with:
            certutil -L -d -n <nickname> ...
        """

        certs = self.list_certs()

        for cert in certs:
            if nickname == cert[0]:
                return True

        return False

    def export_ca_cert(self, nickname, create_pkcs12=False):
        """create_pkcs12 tells us whether we should create a PKCS#12 file
           of the CA or not. If we are running on a replica then we won't
           have the private key to make a PKCS#12 file so we don't need to
           do that step."""
        # export the CA cert for use with other apps
        ipautil.backup_file(self.cacert_fname)
        root_nicknames = self.find_root_cert(nickname)[:-1]
        fd = open(self.cacert_fname, "w")
        for root in root_nicknames:
            result = self.run_certutil(["-L", "-n", root, "-a"],
                                       capture_output=True)
            fd.write(result.output)
        fd.close()
        os.chmod(self.cacert_fname, stat.S_IRUSR | stat.S_IRGRP | stat.S_IROTH)
        if create_pkcs12:
            ipautil.backup_file(self.pk12_fname)
            ipautil.run([paths.PK12UTIL, "-d", self.secdir,
                         "-o", self.pk12_fname,
                         "-n", self.cacert_name,
                         "-w", self.passwd_fname,
                         "-k", self.passwd_fname])
            self.set_perms(self.pk12_fname)

    def load_cacert(self, cacert_fname, trust_flags):
        """
        Load all the certificates from a given file. It is assumed that
        this file creates CA certificates.
        """
        fd = open(cacert_fname)
        certs = fd.read()
        fd.close()

        ca_dn = DN(('CN','Certificate Authority'), self.subject_base)
        st = 0
        while True:
            try:
                (cert, st) = find_cert_from_txt(certs, st)
                _rdn, subject_dn = get_cert_nickname(cert)
                if subject_dn == ca_dn:
                    nick = get_ca_nickname(self.realm)
                else:
                    nick = str(subject_dn)
                self.nssdb.add_cert(cert, nick, trust_flags, pem=True)
            except RuntimeError:
                break

    def get_cert_from_db(self, nickname, pem=True):
        """
        Retrieve a certificate from the current NSS database for nickname.

        pem controls whether the value returned PEM or DER-encoded. The
        default is the data straight from certutil -a.
        """
        try:
            args = ["-L", "-n", nickname, "-a"]
            result = self.run_certutil(args, capture_output=True)
            cert = result.output
            if pem:
                return cert
            else:
                cert, _start = find_cert_from_txt(cert, start=0)
                cert = x509.strip_header(cert)
                dercert = base64.b64decode(cert)
                return dercert
        except ipautil.CalledProcessError:
            return ''

    def track_server_cert(self, nickname, principal, password_file=None, command=None):
        """
        Tell certmonger to track the given certificate nickname.

        If command is not a full path then it is prefixed with
        /usr/lib[64]/ipa/certmonger.
        """
        if command is not None and not os.path.isabs(command):
            command = paths.CERTMONGER_COMMAND_TEMPLATE % (command)
        try:
            request_id = certmonger.start_tracking(nickname, self.secdir, password_file, command)
        except RuntimeError as e:
            root_logger.error("certmonger failed starting to track certificate: %s" % str(e))
            return

        cert = self.get_cert_from_db(nickname)
        cert_obj = x509.load_certificate(cert)
        subject = str(DN(cert_obj.subject))
        certmonger.add_principal(request_id, principal)
        certmonger.add_subject(request_id, subject)

    def untrack_server_cert(self, nickname):
        """
        Tell certmonger to stop tracking the given certificate nickname.
        """
        try:
            certmonger.stop_tracking(self.secdir, nickname=nickname)
        except RuntimeError as e:
            root_logger.error("certmonger failed to stop tracking certificate: %s" % str(e))

    def create_server_cert(self, nickname, hostname, other_certdb=None, subject=None):
        """
        If we are using a dogtag CA then other_certdb contains the RA agent key
        that will issue our cert.

        You can override the certificate Subject by specifying a subject.

        Returns a certificate in DER format.
        """
        cdb = other_certdb
        if not cdb:
            cdb = self
        if subject is None:
            subject=DN(('CN', hostname), self.subject_base)
        self.request_cert(subject, san_dnsnames=[hostname])
        cdb.issue_server_cert(self.certreq_fname, self.certder_fname)
        self.import_cert(self.certder_fname, nickname)
        fd = open(self.certder_fname, "r")
        dercert = fd.read()
        fd.close()

        os.unlink(self.certreq_fname)
        os.unlink(self.certder_fname)

        return dercert

    def request_cert(
            self, subject, certtype="rsa", keysize="2048",
            san_dnsnames=None):
        assert isinstance(subject, DN)
        self.create_noise_file()
        self.setup_cert_request()
        args = ["-R", "-s", str(subject),
                "-o", self.certreq_fname,
                "-k", certtype,
                "-g", keysize,
                "-z", self.noise_fname,
                "-f", self.passwd_fname,
                "-a"]
        if san_dnsnames is not None and len(san_dnsnames) > 0:
            args += ['-8', ','.join(san_dnsnames)]
        result = self.run_certutil(args,
                                   capture_output=True, capture_error=True)
        os.remove(self.noise_fname)
        return (result.output, result.error_output)

    def issue_server_cert(self, certreq_fname, cert_fname):
        self.setup_cert_request()

        if self.host_name is None:
            raise RuntimeError("CA Host is not set.")

        f = open(certreq_fname, "r")
        csr = f.readlines()
        f.close()
        csr = "".join(csr)

        # We just want the CSR bits, make sure there is nothing else
        csr = pkcs10.strip_header(csr)

        params = {'profileId': dogtag.DEFAULT_PROFILE,
                'cert_request_type': 'pkcs10',
                'requestor_name': 'IPA Installer',
                'cert_request': csr,
                'xmlOutput': 'true'}

        # Send the request to the CA
        f = open(self.passwd_fname, "r")
        password = f.readline()
        f.close()
        result = dogtag.https_request(
            self.host_name, 8443, "/ca/ee/ca/profileSubmitSSLClient",
            self.secdir, password, "ipaCert", **params)
        http_status, _http_headers, http_body = result
        root_logger.debug("CA answer: %s", http_body)

        if http_status != 200:
            raise CertificateOperationError(
                error=_('Unable to communicate with CMS (status %d)') % http_status)

        # The result is an XML blob. Pull the certificate out of that
        doc = xml.dom.minidom.parseString(http_body)
        item_node = doc.getElementsByTagName("b64")
        try:
            try:
                cert = item_node[0].childNodes[0].data
            except IndexError:
                raise RuntimeError("Certificate issuance failed")
        finally:
            doc.unlink()

        # base64-decode the result for uniformity
        cert = base64.b64decode(cert)

        # Write the certificate to a file. It will be imported in a later
        # step. This file will be read later to be imported.
        f = open(cert_fname, "w")
        f.write(cert)
        f.close()

    def issue_signing_cert(self, certreq_fname, cert_fname):
        self.setup_cert_request()

        if self.host_name is None:
            raise RuntimeError("CA Host is not set.")

        f = open(certreq_fname, "r")
        csr = f.readlines()
        f.close()
        csr = "".join(csr)

        # We just want the CSR bits, make sure there is no thing else
        csr = pkcs10.strip_header(csr)

        params = {'profileId': 'caJarSigningCert',
                'cert_request_type': 'pkcs10',
                'requestor_name': 'IPA Installer',
                'cert_request': csr,
                'xmlOutput': 'true'}

        # Send the request to the CA
        f = open(self.passwd_fname, "r")
        password = f.readline()
        f.close()
        result = dogtag.https_request(
            self.host_name, 8443, "/ca/ee/ca/profileSubmitSSLClient",
            self.secdir, password, "ipaCert", **params)
        http_status, _http_headers, http_body = result
        if http_status != 200:
            raise RuntimeError("Unable to submit cert request")

        # The result is an XML blob. Pull the certificate out of that
        doc = xml.dom.minidom.parseString(http_body)
        item_node = doc.getElementsByTagName("b64")
        cert = item_node[0].childNodes[0].data
        doc.unlink()

        # base64-decode the cert for uniformity
        cert = base64.b64decode(cert)

        # Write the certificate to a file. It will be imported in a later
        # step. This file will be read later to be imported.
        f = open(cert_fname, "w")
        f.write(cert)
        f.close()

    def add_cert(self, cert, nick, flags, pem=False):
        self.nssdb.add_cert(cert, nick, flags, pem)

    def import_cert(self, cert_fname, nickname):
        """
        Load a certificate from a PEM file and add minimal trust.
        """
        args = ["-A", "-n", nickname,
                "-t", "u,u,u",
                "-i", cert_fname,
                "-f", self.passwd_fname]
        self.run_certutil(args)

    def delete_cert(self, nickname):
        self.nssdb.delete_cert(nickname)

    def create_pin_file(self):
        """
        This is the format of Directory Server pin files.
        """
        ipautil.backup_file(self.pin_fname)
        f = open(self.pin_fname, "w")
        f.write("Internal (Software) Token:")
        pwdfile = open(self.passwd_fname)
        f.write(pwdfile.read())
        f.close()
        pwdfile.close()
        self.set_perms(self.pin_fname)

    def create_password_conf(self):
        """
        This is the format of mod_nss pin files.
        """
        ipautil.backup_file(self.pwd_conf)
        f = open(self.pwd_conf, "w")
        f.write("internal:")
        pwdfile = open(self.passwd_fname)
        f.write(pwdfile.read())
        f.close()
        pwdfile.close()
        self.set_perms(self.pwd_conf, uid=constants.HTTPD_USER)

    def find_root_cert(self, nickname):
        """
        Given a nickname, return a list of the certificates that make up
        the trust chain.
        """
        root_nicknames = self.nssdb.get_trust_chain(nickname)

        return root_nicknames

    def trust_root_cert(self, root_nickname, trust_flags=None):
        if root_nickname is None:
            root_logger.debug("Unable to identify root certificate to trust. Continuing but things are likely to fail.")
            return

        try:
            self.nssdb.trust_root_cert(root_nickname, trust_flags)
        except RuntimeError:
            pass

    def find_server_certs(self):
        return self.nssdb.find_server_certs()

    def import_pkcs12(self, pkcs12_fname, pkcs12_passwd=None):
        return self.nssdb.import_pkcs12(pkcs12_fname, self.passwd_fname,
                                        pkcs12_passwd=pkcs12_passwd)

    def export_pkcs12(self, pkcs12_fname, pkcs12_pwd_fname, nickname=None):
        if nickname is None:
            nickname = get_ca_nickname(api.env.realm)

        ipautil.run([paths.PK12UTIL, "-d", self.secdir,
                     "-o", pkcs12_fname,
                     "-n", nickname,
                     "-k", self.passwd_fname,
                     "-w", pkcs12_pwd_fname])

    def export_pem_p12(self, pkcs12_fname, pkcs12_pwd_fname,
                       nickname, pem_fname):
        ipautil.run([paths.OPENSSL, "pkcs12",
                     "-export", "-name", nickname,
                     "-in", pem_fname, "-out", pkcs12_fname,
                     "-passout", "file:" + pkcs12_pwd_fname])

    def create_from_cacert(self, cacert_fname, passwd=None):
        if ipautil.file_exists(self.certdb_fname):
            # We already have a cert db, see if it is for the same CA.
            # If it is we leave things as they are.
            f = open(cacert_fname, "r")
            newca = f.readlines()
            f.close()
            newca = "".join(newca)
            newca, _st = find_cert_from_txt(newca)

            cacert = self.get_cert_from_db(self.cacert_name)
            if cacert != '':
                cacert, _st = find_cert_from_txt(cacert)

            if newca == cacert:
                return

        # The CA certificates are different or something went wrong. Start with
        # a new certificate database.
        self.create_passwd_file(passwd)
        self.create_certdbs()
        self.load_cacert(cacert_fname, 'CT,C,C')

    def create_from_pkcs12(self, pkcs12_fname, pkcs12_passwd, passwd=None,
                           ca_file=None, trust_flags=None):
        """Create a new NSS database using the certificates in a PKCS#12 file.

           pkcs12_fname: the filename of the PKCS#12 file
           pkcs12_pwd_fname: the file containing the pin for the PKCS#12 file
           nickname: the nickname/friendly-name of the cert we are loading
           passwd: The password to use for the new NSS database we are creating

           The global CA may be added as well in case it wasn't included in the
           PKCS#12 file. Extra certs won't hurt in any case.

           The global CA may be specified in ca_file, as a PEM filename.
        """
        self.create_noise_file()
        self.create_passwd_file(passwd)
        self.create_certdbs()
        self.import_pkcs12(pkcs12_fname, pkcs12_passwd)
        server_certs = self.find_server_certs()
        if len(server_certs) == 0:
            raise RuntimeError("Could not find a suitable server cert in import in %s" % pkcs12_fname)

        if ca_file:
            try:
                with open(ca_file) as fd:
                    certs = fd.read()
            except IOError as e:
                raise RuntimeError(
                    "Failed to open %s: %s" % (ca_file, e.strerror))
            st = 0
            num = 1
            while True:
                try:
                    cert, st = find_cert_from_txt(certs, st)
                except RuntimeError:
                    break
                self.add_cert(cert, 'CA %s' % num, ',,', pem=True)
                num += 1

        # We only handle one server cert
        nickname = server_certs[0][0]

        ca_names = self.find_root_cert(nickname)[:-1]
        if len(ca_names) == 0:
            raise RuntimeError("Could not find a CA cert in %s" % pkcs12_fname)

        self.cacert_name = ca_names[-1]
        self.trust_root_cert(self.cacert_name, trust_flags)

        self.create_pin_file()
        self.export_ca_cert(nickname, False)

    def install_pem_from_p12(self, p12_fname, p12_passwd, pem_fname):
        pwd = ipautil.write_tmp_file(p12_passwd)
        ipautil.run([paths.OPENSSL, "pkcs12", "-nodes",
                     "-in", p12_fname, "-out", pem_fname,
                     "-passin", "file:" + pwd.name])

    def publish_ca_cert(self, location):
        shutil.copy(self.cacert_fname, location)
        os.chmod(location, 0o444)

    def export_pem_cert(self, nickname, location):
        return self.nssdb.export_pem_cert(nickname, location)

    def request_service_cert(self, nickname, principal, host, pwdconf=False):
        self.create_from_cacert(paths.IPA_CA_CRT)
        if pwdconf:
            self.create_password_conf()
        reqid = certmonger.request_cert(nssdb=self.secdir,
                                        nickname=nickname,
                                        principal=principal,
                                        subject=host,
                                        passwd_fname=self.passwd_fname)
        # Now wait for the cert to appear. Check three times then abort
        certmonger.wait_for_request(reqid, timeout=60)


class _CrossProcessLock(object):
    _DATETIME_FORMAT = '%Y%m%d%H%M%S%f'

    def __init__(self, filename):
        self._filename = filename

    def __enter__(self):
        self.acquire()

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
        self.release()

    def acquire(self, owner=None):
        self._do(self._acquire, owner)

    def release(self, owner=None):
        self._do(self._release, owner)

    def _acquire(self, owner):
        now = datetime.datetime.utcnow()

        if self._locked and now >= self._expire:
            self._locked = False

        if self._locked:
            return False

        self._locked = True
        self._owner = owner
        self._expire = now + datetime.timedelta(hours=1)

        return True

    def _release(self, owner):
        if not self._locked or self._owner != owner:
            raise RuntimeError("lock not acquired by %s" % owner)

        self._locked = False
        self._owner = None
        self._expire = None

        return True

    def _do(self, func, owner):
        if owner is None:
            owner = '%s[%s]' % (os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]), os.getpid())

        while True:
            with open(self._filename, 'a+') as f:
                fcntl.flock(f, fcntl.LOCK_EX)

                f.seek(0)
                self._read(f)

                if func(owner):
                    f.seek(0)
                    f.truncate()
                    self._write(f)
                    return

            time.sleep(10)

    def _read(self, fileobj):
        p = configparser.RawConfigParser()
        p.readfp(fileobj)

        try:
            self._locked = p.getboolean('lock', 'locked')

            if self._locked:
                self._owner = p.get('lock', 'owner')

                expire = p.get('lock', 'expire')
                try:
                    self._expire = datetime.datetime.strptime(
                        expire, self._DATETIME_FORMAT)
                except ValueError:
                    raise configparser.Error
        except configparser.Error:
            self._locked = False
            self._owner = None
            self._expire = None

    def _write(self, fileobj):
        p = configparser.RawConfigParser()
        p.add_section('lock')

        locked = '1' if self._locked else '0'
        p.set('lock', 'locked', locked)

        if self._locked:
            expire = self._expire.strftime(self._DATETIME_FORMAT)
            p.set('lock', 'owner', self._owner)
            p.set('lock', 'expire', expire)

        p.write(fileobj)

renewal_lock = _CrossProcessLock(paths.IPA_RENEWAL_LOCK)