Support installing with custom SSL certs, without a CA

Design: http://freeipa.org/page/V3/CA-less_install
https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/3363

install/tools/ipa-replica-install

@@ -536,6 +536,9 @@ def main():
             fd.write("ra_plugin=dogtag\n")
             fd.write("dogtag_version=%s\n" %
                 dogtag.install_constants.DOGTAG_VERSION)
+        else:
+            fd.write("enable_ra=False\n")
+            fd.write("ra_plugin=none\n")
         fd.write("mode=production\n")
         fd.close()
     finally:
@@ -560,8 +563,6 @@ def main():
     sstore.backup_state("install", "group_exists", group_exists)
 
     #Automatically disable pkinit w/ dogtag until that is supported
-    #[certs.ipa_self_signed() must be called only after api.finalize()]
-    if not ipautil.file_exists(config.dir + "/pkinitcert.p12") and not certs.ipa_self_signed():
     options.setup_pkinit = False
 
     # Install CA cert so that we can do SSL connections with ldap

install/tools/ipa-server-install

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ import pickle
 import random
 import tempfile
 import nss.error
+import base64
 from optparse import OptionGroup, OptionValueError, SUPPRESS_HELP
 
 from ipaserver.install import dsinstance
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ from ipapython import sysrestore
 from ipapython.ipautil import *
 from ipapython import ipautil
 from ipapython import dogtag
-from ipalib import api, errors, util
+from ipalib import api, errors, util, x509
 from ipapython.config import IPAOptionParser
 from ipalib.x509 import load_certificate_from_file, load_certificate_chain_from_file
 from ipalib.util import validate_domain_name
@@ -185,6 +186,8 @@ def parse_options():
                       help="The password of the Apache Server PKCS#12 file")
     cert_group.add_option("--pkinit_pin", dest="pkinit_pin",
                       help="The password of the Kerberos KDC PKCS#12 file")
+    cert_group.add_option("--root-ca-file", dest="root_ca_file",
+                      help="PEM file with root CA certificate(s) to trust")
     cert_group.add_option("--subject", action="callback", callback=subject_callback,
                       type="string",
                       help="The certificate subject base (default O=<realm-name>)")
@@ -280,7 +283,14 @@ def parse_options():
     if cnt > 0 and cnt < 4:
         parser.error("All PKCS#12 options are required if any are used.")
 
-    if (options.external_cert_file or options.external_ca_file) and cnt:
+    if options.dirsrv_pkcs12 and not options.root_ca_file:
+        parser.error(
+            "--root-ca-file must be given with the PKCS#12 options.")
+    if options.dirsrv_pkcs12 and not options.root_ca_file:
+        parser.error(
+            "The PKCS#12 options must be given with --root-ca-file.")
+
+    if (options.external_cert_file or options.external_ca_file) and options.dirsrv_pkcs12:
         parser.error(
             "PKCS#12 options cannot be used with the external CA options.")
 
@@ -289,6 +299,8 @@ def parse_options():
             parser.error("You cannot specify --external_cert_file together with --external-ca")
         if options.external_ca_file:
             parser.error("You cannot specify --external_ca_file together with --external-ca")
+        if options.dirsrv_pkcs12:
+            parser.error("You cannot specify PKCS#12 options together with --external-ca")
 
     if ((options.external_cert_file and not options.external_ca_file) or
        (not options.external_cert_file and options.external_ca_file)):
@@ -561,6 +573,7 @@ def set_subject_in_config(realm_name, dm_password, suffix, subject_base):
             conn.update_entry(dn, mod)
         conn.disconnect()
 
+
 def main():
     global ds
     global uninstalling
@@ -821,6 +834,13 @@ def main():
     else:
         domain_name = options.domain_name
 
+    if options.http_pkcs12:
+        # Check the given PKCS#12 files
+        ca_file = options.root_ca_file
+        check_pkcs12 = installutils.check_pkcs12
+        http_cert_name = check_pkcs12(http_pkcs12_info, ca_file, host_name)
+        dirsrv_cert_name = check_pkcs12(dirsrv_pkcs12_info, ca_file, host_name)
+
     domain_name = domain_name.lower()
 
     ip = get_server_ip_address(host_name, fstore, options.unattended, options)
@@ -921,6 +941,7 @@ def main():
             dogtag.install_constants.DOGTAG_VERSION)
     else:
         fd.write("enable_ra=False\n")
+        fd.write("ra_plugin=none\n")
     fd.write("mode=production\n")
     fd.close()
 
@@ -955,8 +976,6 @@ def main():
             root_logger.critical("failed to add DS group: %s" % e)
 
     # Create a directory server instance
-    ds = dsinstance.DsInstance(fstore=fstore)
-
     if external != 2:
         # Configure ntpd
         if options.conf_ntp:
@@ -966,17 +985,22 @@ def main():
                 ntp.create_instance()
 
         if options.dirsrv_pkcs12:
+            ds = dsinstance.DsInstance(fstore=fstore,
+                cert_nickname=dirsrv_cert_name)
             ds.create_instance(realm_name, host_name, domain_name,
                             dm_password, dirsrv_pkcs12_info,
+                            idstart=options.idstart, idmax=options.idmax,
                             subject_base=options.subject,
                             hbac_allow=not options.hbac_allow)
         else:
+            ds = dsinstance.DsInstance(fstore=fstore)
             ds.create_instance(realm_name, host_name, domain_name,
                             dm_password,
                             idstart=options.idstart, idmax=options.idmax,
                             subject_base=options.subject,
                             hbac_allow=not options.hbac_allow)
     else:
+        ds = dsinstance.DsInstance(fstore=fstore)
         ds.init_info(
             realm_name, host_name, domain_name, dm_password,
             False, options.subject, 1101, 1100, None)
@@ -1031,8 +1055,8 @@ def main():
     ds.enable_ssl()
     ds.restart()
 
-    # We need to ldap_enable the CA now that DS is up and running
     if setup_ca:
+        # We need to ldap_enable the CA now that DS is up and running
         ca.ldap_enable('CA', host_name, dm_password,
                        ipautil.realm_to_suffix(realm_name))
         if not dogtag.install_constants.SHARED_DB:
@@ -1049,6 +1073,27 @@ def main():
 
         # Upload the CA cert to the directory
         ds.upload_ca_cert()
+    else:
+        with open(options.root_ca_file) as f:
+            pem_cert = f.read()
+
+        # Trust the CA cert
+        root_logger.info(
+            'Trusting certificate authority from %s' % options.root_ca_file)
+
+        certs.NSSDatabase('/etc/pki/nssdb').import_pem_cert(
+            'External CA cert', 'CT,,', options.root_ca_file)
+
+        # Put a CA cert where other instances expect it
+        with open('/etc/ipa/ca.crt', 'wb') as f:
+            f.write(pem_cert)
+
+        # Install the CA cert for the HTTP server
+        with open('/usr/share/ipa/html/ca.crt', 'wb') as f:
+            f.write(pem_cert)
+
+        # Upload the CA cert to the directory
+        ds.upload_ca_dercert(base64.b64decode(x509.strip_header(pem_cert)))
 
     krb = krbinstance.KrbInstance(fstore)
     if options.pkinit_pkcs12:
@@ -1178,8 +1223,6 @@ def main():
     else:
         print "In order for Firefox autoconfiguration to work you will need to"
         print "use a SSL signing certificate. See the IPA documentation for more details."
-        print "You also need to install a PEM copy of the CA certificate into"
-        print "/usr/share/ipa/html/ca.crt"
 
     if ipautil.file_exists(ANSWER_CACHE):
         os.remove(ANSWER_CACHE)

ipaserver/install/certs.py

@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ import base64
 from hashlib import sha1
 from ConfigParser import RawConfigParser, MissingSectionHeaderError
 
+from nss import nss
+
 from ipapython import dogtag
 from ipapython import sysrestore
 from ipapython import ipautil
@@ -293,9 +295,11 @@ class NSSDatabase(object):
             ipautil.run(args)
         except ipautil.CalledProcessError, e:
             if e.returncode == 17:
-                raise RuntimeError("incorrect password for pkcs#12 file")
+                raise RuntimeError("incorrect password for pkcs#12 file %s" %
+                    pkcs12_filename)
             else:
-                raise RuntimeError("unknown error import pkcs#12 file")
+                raise RuntimeError("unknown error import pkcs#12 file %s" %
+                    pkcs12_filename)
 
     def find_root_cert_from_pkcs12(self, pkcs12_fname, passwd_fname=None):
         """Given a PKCS#12 file, try to find any certificates that do
@@ -355,6 +359,53 @@ class NSSDatabase(object):
             fd.write(cert)
         os.chmod(location, 0444)
 
+    def import_pem_cert(self, nickname, flags, location):
+        """Import a cert form the given PEM file.
+
+        The file must contain exactly one certificate.
+        """
+        with open(location) as fd:
+            certs = fd.read()
+
+        cert, st = find_cert_from_txt(certs)
+        self.add_single_pem_cert(nickname, flags, cert)
+
+        try:
+            find_cert_from_txt(certs, st)
+        except RuntimeError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            raise ValueError('%s contains more than one certificate')
+
+    def add_single_pem_cert(self, nick, flags, cert):
+        """Import a cert in PEM format"""
+        self.run_certutil(["-A", "-n", nick,
+                            "-t", flags,
+                            "-a"],
+                            stdin=cert)
+
+    def verify_server_cert_validity(self, nickname, hostname):
+        """Verify a certificate is valid for a SSL server with given hostname
+
+        Raises a ValueError if the certificate is invalid.
+        """
+        certdb = cert = None
+        nss.nss_init(self.secdir)
+        try:
+            certdb = nss.get_default_certdb()
+            cert = nss.find_cert_from_nickname(nickname)
+            intended_usage = nss.certificateUsageSSLServer
+            approved_usage = cert.verify_now(certdb, True, intended_usage)
+            if not approved_usage & intended_usage:
+                raise ValueError('invalid for a SSL server')
+            if not cert.verify_hostname(hostname):
+                raise ValueError('invalid for server %s' % hostname)
+        finally:
+            del certdb, cert
+            nss.nss_shutdown()
+
+        return None
+
 
 class CertDB(object):
     """An IPA-server-specific wrapper around NSS
@@ -610,10 +661,7 @@ class CertDB(object):
                     nick = get_ca_nickname(self.realm)
                 else:
                     nick = str(subject_dn)
-                self.run_certutil(["-A", "-n", nick,
-                                   "-t", "CT,,C",
-                                   "-a"],
-                                   stdin=cert)
+                self.nssdb.add_single_pem_cert(nick, "CT,,C", cert)
             except RuntimeError:
                 break
 

ipaserver/install/dsinstance.py

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ import certs
 import ldap
 from ipaserver.install import ldapupdate
 from ipaserver.install import replication
-from ipalib import errors
+from ipalib import errors, api
 from ipapython.dn import DN
 
 SERVER_ROOT_64 = "/usr/lib64/dirsrv"
@@ -541,7 +541,10 @@ class DsInstance(service.Service):
             # We only handle one server cert
             nickname = server_certs[0][0]
             self.dercert = dsdb.get_cert_from_db(nickname, pem=False)
-            dsdb.track_server_cert(nickname, self.principal, dsdb.passwd_fname, 'restart_dirsrv %s' % self.serverid )
+            if api.env.enable_ra:
+                dsdb.track_server_cert(
+                    nickname, self.principal, dsdb.passwd_fname,
+                    'restart_dirsrv %s' % self.serverid)
         else:
             nickname = self.nickname
             cadb = certs.CertDB(self.realm_name, host_name=self.fqdn, subject_base=self.subject_base)
@@ -592,15 +595,30 @@ class DsInstance(service.Service):
         # check for open secure port 636 from now on
         self.open_ports.append(636)
 
-    def upload_ca_cert(self):
+    def export_ca_cert(self, nickname, location):
+        dirname = config_dirname(self.serverid)
+        dsdb = certs.NSSDatabase(nssdir=dirname)
+        dsdb.export_pem_cert(nickname, location)
+
+    def upload_ca_cert(self, cacert_name=None):
         """
-        Upload the CA certificate in DER form in the LDAP directory.
+        Upload the CA certificate from the NSS database to the LDAP directory.
         """
 
         dirname = config_dirname(self.serverid)
         certdb = certs.CertDB(self.realm_name, nssdir=dirname, subject_base=self.subject_base)
 
-        dercert = certdb.get_cert_from_db(certdb.cacert_name, pem=False)
+        if cacert_name is None:
+            cacert_name = certdb.cacert_name
+        dercert = certdb.get_cert_from_db(cacert_name, pem=False)
+        self.upload_ca_dercert(dercert)
+
+    def upload_ca_dercert(self, dercert):
+        """Upload the CA DER certificate to the LDAP directory
+        """
+        # Note: Don't try to optimize if base64 data is already available.
+        # We want to re-encode using Python's b64encode to ensure the
+        # data is normalized (no extra newlines in the ldif)
         self.sub_dict['CADERCERT'] = base64.b64encode(dercert)
 
         self._ldap_mod('upload-cacert.ldif', self.sub_dict)

ipaserver/install/httpinstance.py

@@ -61,7 +61,10 @@ class HTTPInstance(service.Service):
 
     subject_base = ipautil.dn_attribute_property('_subject_base')
 
-    def create_instance(self, realm, fqdn, domain_name, dm_password=None, autoconfig=True, pkcs12_info=None, self_signed_ca=False, subject_base=None, auto_redirect=True):
+    def create_instance(self, realm, fqdn, domain_name, dm_password=None,
+                        autoconfig=True, pkcs12_info=None,
+                        self_signed_ca=False, subject_base=None,
+                        auto_redirect=True):
         self.fqdn = fqdn
         self.realm = realm
         self.domain = domain_name
@@ -247,9 +250,12 @@ class HTTPInstance(service.Service):
                 raise RuntimeError("Could not find a suitable server cert in import in %s" % self.pkcs12_info[0])
 
             db.create_password_conf()
+
             # We only handle one server cert
             nickname = server_certs[0][0]
             self.dercert = db.get_cert_from_db(nickname, pem=False)
+
+            if api.env.enable_ra:
                 db.track_server_cert(nickname, self.principal, db.passwd_fname, 'restart_httpd')
 
             self.__set_mod_nss_nickname(nickname)

ipaserver/install/installutils.py

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ from ipalib.util import validate_hostname
 from ipapython import config
 from ipalib import errors
 from ipapython.dn import DN
+from ipaserver.install import certs
 
 # Used to determine install status
 IPA_MODULES = [
@@ -699,3 +700,56 @@ def handle_error(error, log_file_name=None):
         message = "Unexpected error"
     message += '\n%s: %s' % (type(error).__name__, error)
     return message, 1
+
+
+def check_pkcs12(pkcs12_info, ca_file, hostname):
+    """Check the given PKCS#12 with server cert and return the cert nickname
+
+    This is used for files given to --*_pkcs12 to ipa-server-install and
+    ipa-replica-prepare.
+
+    Return a (server cert name, CA cert names) tuple
+    """
+    pkcs12_filename, pin_filename = pkcs12_info
+    root_logger.debug('Checking PKCS#12 certificate %s', pkcs12_filename)
+    db_pwd_file = ipautil.write_tmp_file(ipautil.ipa_generate_password())
+    with certs.NSSDatabase() as nssdb:
+        nssdb.create_db(db_pwd_file.name)
+
+        # Import the CA cert first so it has a known nickname
+        # (if it's present in the PKCS#12 it won't be overwritten)
+        ca_cert_name = 'The Root CA'
+        nssdb.import_pem_cert(ca_cert_name, "CT,C,C", ca_file)
+
+        # Import everything in the PKCS#12
+        nssdb.import_pkcs12(pkcs12_filename, db_pwd_file.name, pin_filename)
+
+        # Check we have exactly one server cert (one with a private key)
+        server_certs = nssdb.find_server_certs()
+        if not server_certs:
+            raise ScriptError(
+                'no server certificate found in %s' % pkcs12_filename)
+        if len(server_certs) > 1:
+            raise ScriptError(
+                '%s server certificates found in %s, expecting only one' %
+                (len(server_certs), pkcs12_filename))
+        [(server_cert_name, server_cert_trust)] = server_certs
+
+        # Check we have the whole cert chain & the CA is in it
+        for cert_name in nssdb.get_trust_chain(server_cert_name):
+            if cert_name == ca_cert_name:
+                break
+        else:
+            raise ScriptError(
+                '%s is not signed by %s, or the full certificate chain is not '
+                'present in the PKCS#12 file' % (pkcs12_filename, ca_file))
+
+        # Check server validity
+        try:
+            nssdb.verify_server_cert_validity(server_cert_name, hostname)
+        except ValueError as e:
+            raise ScriptError(
+                'The server certificate in %s is not valid: %s' %
+                (pkcs12_filename, e))
+
+        return server_cert_name

ipaserver/install/ipa_replica_prepare.py

@@ -99,6 +99,9 @@ class ReplicaPrepare(admintool.AdminTool):
             self.option_parser.error("You cannot specify a --reverse-zone "
                 "option together with --no-reverse")
 
+        #Automatically disable pkinit w/ dogtag until that is supported
+        options.setup_pkinit = False
+
         # If any of the PKCS#12 options are selected, all are required.
         pkcs12_opts = [options.dirsrv_pkcs12, options.dirsrv_pin,
                     options.http_pkcs12, options.http_pin]
@@ -127,11 +130,6 @@ class ReplicaPrepare(admintool.AdminTool):
         if api.env.host == self.replica_fqdn:
             raise admintool.ScriptError("You can't create a replica on itself")
 
-        #Automatically disable pkinit w/ dogtag until that is supported
-        #[certs.ipa_self_signed() must be called only after api.finalize()]
-        if not options.pkinit_pkcs12 and not certs.ipa_self_signed():
-            options.setup_pkinit = False
-
         # FIXME: certs.ipa_self_signed_master return value can be
         # True, False, None, with different meanings.
         # So, we need to explicitly compare to False
@@ -139,12 +137,30 @@ class ReplicaPrepare(admintool.AdminTool):
             raise admintool.ScriptError("A selfsign CA backend can only "
                 "prepare on the original master")
 
+        if not api.env.enable_ra and not options.http_pkcs12:
+            raise admintool.ScriptError(
+                "Cannot issue certificates: a CA is not installed. Use the "
+                "--http_pkcs12, --dirsrv_pkcs12 options to provide custom "
+                "certificates.")
+
+        if options.http_pkcs12:
+            # Check the given PKCS#12 files
+            self.check_pkcs12(options.http_pkcs12, options.http_pin)
+            self.check_pkcs12(options.dirsrv_pkcs12, options.dirsrv_pin)
+
         config_dir = dsinstance.config_dirname(
             dsinstance.realm_to_serverid(api.env.realm))
         if not ipautil.dir_exists(config_dir):
             raise admintool.ScriptError(
                 "could not find directory instance: %s" % config_dir)
 
+    def check_pkcs12(self, pkcs12_file, pkcs12_pin):
+        pin_file = ipautil.write_tmp_file(pkcs12_pin)
+        installutils.check_pkcs12(
+            pkcs12_info=(pkcs12_file, pin_file.name),
+            ca_file='/etc/ipa/ca.crt',
+            hostname=self.replica_fqdn)
+
     def ask_for_options(self):
         options = self.options
         super(ReplicaPrepare, self).ask_for_options()
@@ -275,7 +291,7 @@ class ReplicaPrepare(admintool.AdminTool):
                 "Creating SSL certificate for the Directory Server")
             self.export_certdb("dscert", passwd_fname)
 
-        if not certs.ipa_self_signed():
+        if not options.dirsrv_pkcs12 and not certs.ipa_self_signed():
             self.log.info(
                 "Creating SSL certificate for the dogtag Directory Server")
             self.export_certdb("dogtagcert", passwd_fname)