The option has been deprecated since at least freeIPA release 4.3.0 when
the installer was changed to use LDAPI.
See: https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/4933
Signed-off-by: Christian Heimes <cheimes@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Stanislav Laznicka <slaznick@redhat.com>
The Python 3 refactoring effort is finishing, it should be safe
to turn all scripts to run in Python 3 by default.
https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/4985
Reviewed-By: Christian Heimes <cheimes@redhat.com>
If the replication agreement does not exist, a custom exception is
raised explaining the problem.
https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/7201
Reviewed-By: Rob Crittenden <rcritten@redhat.com>
Several run() calls used hard-coded paths rather than pre-defined paths
from ipaplatform.paths. The patch fixes all places that I was able to
find with a simple search.
The fix simplifies Darix's port of freeIPA on openSuSE.
Signed-off-by: Christian Heimes <cheimes@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Rob Crittenden <rcritten@redhat.com>
During a distro upgrade, e.g. F-26 to F-27, networking may not
be available which will cause the upgrade to fail. Despite this
the IPA service can be subsequently restarted running new code
with old data.
This patch relies on the existing version-check cdoe to determine
when/if an upgrade is required and will do so during an ipactl
start or restart.
The upgrade is now run implicitly in the spec file and will
cause the server to be stopped after the package is installed
if the upgrade fails.
Fixes: https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/6968
Signed-off-by: Rob Crittenden <rcritten@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Stanislav Laznicka <slaznick@redhat.com>
Currently we do not report what Subject DN or subject base will be
used for the CA installation. This leads to situations where the
administrator wants a different Subject DN later. Display these
data as part of the "summary" prior to the final go/no-go prompt in
ipa-server-install and ipa-ca-install.
The go/no-go prompt in ipa-ca-install is new. It is suppressed for
unattended installations.
Fixes: https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/7246
Reviewed-By: Christian Heimes <cheimes@redhat.com>
Because classmethod and staticmethod are just fancy ways of calling
plain old functions, turn the classmethods and staticmethods of
CertUpdate into plain old functions.
This improves readability by making it clear that the behaviour of
the routines cannot depend on instance or class variables.
Part of: https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/6577
Reviewed-By: Rob Crittenden <rcritten@redhat.com>
After installing a CA in a CA-less installations (using
ipa-ca-install), the new CA certificate is not installed in
/etc/httpd/alias. This causes communication failure between IPA
framework and Dogtag (it cannot verify the Dogtag server
certificate).
Perform a CertUpdate as the final step when promoting a CA-less
deployment to CA-ful.
Fixes: https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/7230
Reviewed-By: Rob Crittenden <rcritten@redhat.com>
When installing a CA replica, perform a certupdate to ensure that
the relevant CA cert is present. This is necessary if the admin has
just promoted the topology from CA-less to CA-ful but didn't
manually run ipa-certupdate afterwards.
Fixes: https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/6577
Reviewed-By: Rob Crittenden <rcritten@redhat.com>
Changing the --forwarder option to accept a loopback IP.
Previously, an error would be raised, now we just show a
warning message.
Fixes: https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/5801
Reviewed-By: Stanislav Laznicka <slaznick@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Martin Basti <mbasti@redhat.com>
ipa-replica-conncheck is using the socket methods sendall()
and sendto() with str. Theses methods expect str params in
python2 but bytes in python3.
Related to
https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/7131
Reviewed-By: Stanislav Laznicka <slaznick@redhat.com>
Adding notice for user to restart services after
ipa-server-certinstall.
https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/7016
Reviewed-By: Florence Blanc-Renaud <frenaud@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Rob Crittenden <rcritten@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Alexander Bokovoy <abokovoy@redhat.com>
As man page already does it, update the help text to show REPLICA_FILE
as optional.
Fixes https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/7223
Signed-off-by: Rishabh Dave <rishabhddave@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Abhijeet Kasurde <akasurde@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Florence Blanc-Renaud <frenaud@redhat.com>
ipa-replica-conncheck can be called with --principal / --password or
with an existing Kerberos credential cache in order to supply the
authorized identity logging in to the master machine (in
auto-master-check mode).
In domain-level 0, the tool is called with --principal and password
and tries to obtain a TGT by performing kinit, but does not set the
env var KRB5CCNAME. Subsequent calls to IPA API do not use the
credential cache and fail. In this case, ipa-replica-conncheck falls
back to using SSH to check master connectivity instead of IPA API,
and the ssh check is less robust.
The code should set the KRB5CCNAME env var for IPA API to use the
credential cache.
Fixes:
https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/7221
Reviewed-By: Rob Crittenden <rcritten@redhat.com>
Replace custom file_exists() and dir_exists() functions with proper
functions from Python's stdlib.
The change also gets rid of pylint's invalid bad-python3-import error,
https://github.com/PyCQA/pylint/issues/1565
Signed-off-by: Christian Heimes <cheimes@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Stanislav Laznicka <slaznick@redhat.com>
When performing force synchronization, implicitly ignore initial
time skew (if any) and restore it afterwards.
This also changes semantics of force-sync by waiting until the end of
the initial replication.
Fixes https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/7211
Reviewed-By: Rob Crittenden <rcritten@redhat.com>
Update ipa-cacert-manage to support the MS V2 certificate template
extension.
Part of: https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/6858
Reviewed-By: Florence Blanc-Renaud <frenaud@redhat.com>
Allow the MS/AD-CS target certificate template to be specified by
name or OID, via the new option --external-ca-profile.
Part of: https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/6858
Reviewed-By: Florence Blanc-Renaud <frenaud@redhat.com>
If ipa-pki-retrieve-key fails for some reason (which may be a
"legitimate" reason, e.g. the server it is attempting to contact
being offline), the program terminates with an uncaught exception,
resulting in crash report.
Catch all exceptions; if an exception gets raised, report the
traceback and exit with nonzero status.
Fixes: https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/7115
Reviewed-By: Stanislav Laznicka <slaznick@redhat.com>
threading.Lock() in ipa-replica-conncheck is an alias to
thread.allocate_lock() which creates a LockType object.
This object is an actual context manager but the alias
seems to confuse pylint a bit.
https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/6874
Reviewed-By: Alexander Bokovoy <abokovoy@redhat.com>
traceback.format_exc() does not take exception object as an argument.
This made Python 3 get stuck amid ipa-replica-conncheck, probably
because it was waiting for a thread to finish.
https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/4985
Reviewed-By: Felipe Volpone <fbarreto@redhat.com>
host_port_open copied logging behavior of ipa-replica-conncheck utility
which doesn't make it much reusable.
Now log level can be controlled from caller so other callers might use
other logging level without host_port_open guessing what was the
intention.
https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/7083
Reviewed-By: Tomas Krizek <tkrizek@redhat.com>
It's nearly impossible to find out what happened when doing
replica connection check and it fails during the RPC phase.
The error is now logged.
Reviewed-By: Martin Basti <mbasti@redhat.com>
When version is mismatched and ipa-server-upgrade is required,
log the version mismatch properly in journal.
Signed-off-by: Tomas Krizek <tkrizek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Martin Basti <mbasti@redhat.com>
Remove logger arguments in all functions and logger attributes in all
objects, with the exception of API object logger, which is now deprecated.
Replace affected logger calls with module-level logger calls.
Reviewed-By: Martin Basti <mbasti@redhat.com>
Add the ipa-pkinit-manage tool to allow enabling / disabling PKINIT after
the initial server install.
https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/7000
Reviewed-By: Martin Babinsky <mbabinsk@redhat.com>
When ipa-replica-conncheck is run but ssh is not installed, the tool exits
with a stack trace. Properly handle the error by raising an Exception in the
SshExec constructor, and catch the exception in order to ignore the error and
skip ssh test.
The tool will exit with the following output:
[...]
Check RPC connection to remote master
trying https://master.domain.com/ipa/session/json
Forwarding 'schema' to json server 'https://master.domain.com/ipa/session/json'
Retrying using SSH...
WARNING: ssh not installed, skipping ssh test
https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/6935
Reviewed-By: Martin Babinsky <mbabinsk@redhat.com>
Allow replacing the KDC certificate.
https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/6831
Reviewed-By: Stanislav Laznicka <slaznick@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Martin Babinsky <mbabinsk@redhat.com>
Allow installing 3rd party CA certificates trusted to issue PKINIT KDC
and/or client certificates.
https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/6831
Reviewed-By: Stanislav Laznicka <slaznick@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Martin Babinsky <mbabinsk@redhat.com>
Add named constants for common trust flag combinations.
Use the named constants instead of trust flags strings in the code.
https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/6831
Reviewed-By: Stanislav Laznicka <slaznick@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Martin Babinsky <mbabinsk@redhat.com>
Before proceeding with installation, validate DM password. If the
provided DM password is invalid, abort the installation.
Fixes https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/6892
Signed-off-by: Tomas Krizek <tkrizek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Martin Basti <mbasti@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Christian Heimes <cheimes@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Stanislav Laznicka <slaznick@redhat.com>
Extract copy-pasted code to a single function.
Related https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/6892
Signed-off-by: Tomas Krizek <tkrizek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Martin Basti <mbasti@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Christian Heimes <cheimes@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Stanislav Laznicka <slaznick@redhat.com>
Add the `--external-ca-type`, as known from `ipa-server-install` and
`ipa-ca-install`, to `ipa-cacert-manage`.
This allows creating IPA CA CSRs suitable for use with Microsoft CS using
`ipa-cacert-manage`:
```
ipa-cacert-manage renew --external-ca --external-ca-type=ms-cs
```
https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/5799
Reviewed-By: David Kupka <dkupka@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Stanislav Laznicka <slaznick@redhat.com>
ipa-kra-install man page was missing a specific section for domain level 1.
This commits also fixes a wrong option short name (for --log-file) and
indents the text corresponding to -p DM_PASSWORD
https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/6922
Reviewed-By: Tomas Krizek <tkrizek@redhat.com>
ipa-managed-entries would print "IPA is not configured on this system."
even though this is not true if run as a normal user. Add check for
root running the script.
https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/6928
Reviewed-By: Pavel Vomacka <pvomacka@redhat.com>
Due to LDAP connection refactoring, compat-manage would have behaved
differently for root and for other users even though it requires
the directory manager password. This is caused by it trying to do
external bind when it does not have the DIRMAN password which was
previously not supplied.
https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/6821
Reviewed-By: Martin Basti <mbasti@redhat.com>
In domain level 1 ipa-ca-install does not require a replica-file. Update the
man page to distinguish the domain level 0 or 1 usage.
https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/5831
Reviewed-By: Stanislav Laznicka <slaznick@redhat.com>
pkinit is not supported on DL0, remove options that allow to set it
from ipa-{server,replica}-install.
https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/6801
Reviewed-By: Martin Basti <mbasti@redhat.com>
* Use sd-notify in ipa-custodia.service
* Introduce libexec/ipa/ipa-custodia script. It comes with correct
default setting for IPA's config file. The new file also makes it
simpler to run IPA's custodia instance with its own SELinux context.
* ipapython no longer depends on custodia
The patch addresses three issues:
* https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1430247
Forward compatibility with Custodia 0.3 in Fedora rawhide
* https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/5825
Use sd-notify
* https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/6788
Prepare for separate SELinux context
Signed-off-by: Christian Heimes <cheimes@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Martin Basti <mbasti@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Jan Cholasta <jcholast@redhat.com>
The customers are often confused by ipa-cacert-manage install. The man page
should make it clear that IPA CA is not modified in any way by this command.
https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/6795
Reviewed-By: Tomas Krizek <tkrizek@redhat.com>
************* Module ipaserver.install.ipa_kra_install
ipaserver/install/ipa_kra_install.py:25: [W0402(deprecated-module), ] Uses of a deprecated module 'optparse')
************* Module ipapython.install.core
ipapython/install/core.py:163: [E1101(no-member), _knob] Module 'types' has no 'TypeType' member)
************* Module ipatests.test_ipapython.test_dn
ipatests/test_ipapython/test_dn.py:1205: [W1505(deprecated-method), TestDN.test_x500_text] Using deprecated method assertEquals())
************* Module ipa-ca-install
install/tools/ipa-ca-install:228: [E1101(no-member), install_master] Instance of 'ValueError' has no 'message' member)
install/tools/ipa-ca-install:232: [E1101(no-member), install_master] Instance of 'ValueError' has no 'message' member)
Signed-off-by: Christian Heimes <cheimes@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Simo Sorce <ssorce@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Stanislav Laznicka <slaznick@redhat.com>
KRA uninstallation is very likely to break the user's setup. Don't
allow it at least till we can be safely sure we are able to remove
it in a standalone manner without breaking anything.
https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/6538
Reviewed-By: Tomas Krizek <tkrizek@redhat.com>
During LDAP connection management refactoring the ad-hoc ldap connection
in `ipa-managed-entries` was replaced by calls to ldap2 backend without
updating API initialization.
https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/6735
Reviewed-By: Tomas Krizek <tkrizek@redhat.com>
This patch allows to install KRA on first IPA server in one step using
ipa-server-install
This option improves containers installation where ipa-server can be
installed with KRA using one call without need to call docker exec.
Please note the the original `kra.install()` calls in
ipaserver/install/server/install.py were empty operations as it did
nothing, so it is safe to move them out from CA block
https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/6731
Reviewed-By: Jan Cholasta <jcholast@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Tomas Krizek <tkrizek@redhat.com>
ipa-server-install and ipa-replica-install manpages miss --setup-adtrust
options
https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/6630
Reviewed-By: Martin Babinsky <mbabinsk@redhat.com>
Make it clear this command is used to only renew certificate for
the CA and provide guidance on how to renew other certificates.
https://pagure.io/freeipa/issue/6648
Reviewed-By: Stanislav Laznicka <slaznick@redhat.com>
Since AD trust installer is now a part of composite installers, their
man pages were updated with separate section documenting relevant AD
trust-related option descriptions.
https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/6630
Reviewed-By: Martin Basti <mbasti@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Jan Cholasta <jcholast@redhat.com>
`--rid-base` and `--secondary-rid-base` had `-U` option assigned
by error in the man page. Remove it as these options have not short
alias.
https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/6630
Reviewed-By: Martin Basti <mbasti@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Jan Cholasta <jcholast@redhat.com>
There is no point in emitting this message during server/replica
install.
https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/6630
Reviewed-By: Martin Basti <mbasti@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Jan Cholasta <jcholast@redhat.com>
Commit 1e6a204b43 added explicit confdir
setting to api.bootstrap() calls of a randomly selected portion of
server-side scripts and tests. This commit adds it to the rest of
server-side code for consistency.
https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/6389
Reviewed-By: Stanislav Laznicka <slaznick@redhat.com>
This facilitates calling the necessary checks and configuration code as
a module from e.g. a composite installer. The code that checks for the
admin credentials stays in the standalone installer as the code inside
the adtrust module is expected to operate also without admin
credentials.
https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/6629
Reviewed-By: Martin Basti <mbasti@redhat.com>
NSSDatabases should call certutil with a password. Also, removed
`password_filename` argument from `.create_db()`.
https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/5695
Reviewed-By: Tomas Krizek <tkrizek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Jan Cholasta <jcholast@redhat.com>
This fix adds information about --ignore-last-of-role in
ipa-server-install man page
Fixes https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/6634
Signed-off-by: Abhijeet Kasurde <akasurde@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Stanislav Laznicka <slaznick@redhat.com>
This is in preparation for separating out the user under which the
ipa api framework runs as.
This commit also removes certs.NSS_DIR to avoid confusion and replaces
it where appropriate with the correct NSS DB directory, either the old
HTTPD_ALIAS_DIR ot the RA DB IPA_RADB_DIR. In some cases its use is
removed altogether as it was simply not necessary.
https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/5959
Signed-off-by: Simo Sorce <simo@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Jan Cholasta <jcholast@redhat.com>
In order to enable correct handling of hard errors from within the
composite installer code, all calls to `sys.exit` have to be replaced
with raising ScriptError.
https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/6629
Reviewed-By: Alexander Bokovoy <abokovoy@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Martin Basti <mbasti@redhat.com>
When --subject-base and --ca-subject are not specified in ipa-ca-install,
default values are used. DN objects are used as the default values in
ipa-ca-install, but the CA installer expects the values to be strings. This
causes ipa-ca-install to fail unless both --subject-base and --ca-subject
are specified.
Convert the DN objects to strings to fix the issue.
https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/2614
Reviewed-By: Fraser Tweedale <ftweedal@redhat.com>
Print an error and terminate if --ca-subject or --subject-base are
used when installing a CA-less master or when performing standalone
installation of a CA replica.
Part of: https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/2614
Reviewed-By: Jan Cholasta <jcholast@redhat.com>
Update man pages and help output to indicate that --subject-base and
--ca-subject options interpret their arguments in LDAP order.
Fixes: https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/6455
Reviewed-By: Christian Heimes <cheimes@redhat.com>
Currently only the "subject base" of the IPA CA subject DN can be
customised, via the installer's --subject-base option. The RDN
"CN=Certificate Authority" is appended to form the subject DN, and
this composition is widely assumed.
Some administrators need more control over the CA subject DN,
especially to satisfy expectations of external CAs when the IPA CA
is to be externally signed.
This patch adds full customisability of the CA subject DN.
Specifically:
- Add the --ca-subject option for specifying the full IPA CA subject
DN. Defaults to "CN=Certificate Authority, O=$SUBJECT_BASE".
- ipa-ca-install, when installing a CA in a previous CA-less
topology, updates DS certmap.conf with the new new CA subject DN.
- DsInstance.find_subject_base no longer looks in certmap.conf,
because the CA subject DN can be unrelated to the subject base.
Fixes: https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/2614
Reviewed-By: Jan Cholasta <jcholast@redhat.com>
The --subject option is actually used to provide the "subject base".
We are also going to add an option for fully specifying the IPA CA
subject DN in a subsequent commit. So to avoid confusion, rename
--subject to --subject-base, retaining --subject as a deprecated
alias.
Part of: https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/2614
Reviewed-By: Jan Cholasta <jcholast@redhat.com>
Fix adds enumerated list of available options in IPA server
installer and IPA CA installer help options
Fixes https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/5435
Signed-off-by: Abhijeet Kasurde <akasurde@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Jan Cholasta <jcholast@redhat.com>
Commit 6409abf1 removes hard dependency of ipalib in ipalatform to avoid
cyclic dependenies, this commit updates ipactl accordingly
Reviewed-By: Stanislav Laznicka <slaznick@redhat.com>
When a hostname is provided to host_port_open, it should check if
ports are open for ALL IPs that are resolved from the hostname, instead
of checking whether the port is reachable on at least one of the IPs.
https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/6522
Reviewed-By: Petr Spacek <pspacek@redhat.com>
Make sure all messages displayed on screen to the user can be found
in the log as well. The messages are also logged if the script is ran
in quiet mode.
https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/6497
Reviewed-By: Stanislav Laznicka <slaznick@redhat.com>
When the thread that opens ports would execute notify() before the
original thread could call wait(), the original thread would wait
indefinitely for a notify() call.
https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/6487
Reviewed-By: Petr Spacek <pspacek@redhat.com>
Some API contexts are used to modify global state (e.g. files in /etc
and /var). These contexts do not support confdir overrides. Initialize
the API with an explicit confdir argument to paths.ETC_IPA.
The special contexts are:
* backup
* cli_installer
* installer
* ipctl
* renew
* restore
* server
* updates
The patch also corrects the context of the ipa-httpd-kdcproxy script to
'server'.
https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/6389
Signed-off-by: Christian Heimes <cheimes@redhat.com>
Reviewed-By: Jan Cholasta <jcholast@redhat.com>
Previously, a separate thread would be created for each socket used
for conncheck. It would also time out after one second, after which it
would be closed and reopened again. This caused random failures of
conncheck.
Now all sockets are handled in a single thread and once the server
starts to listen on a port, it does not close that connection until the
script finishes.
Only IPv6 socket is used for simplicity, since it can handle both IPv6
and IPv4 connections. This requires IPv6 kernel support, which is
required by other parts of IPA anyway.
https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/6487
Reviewed-By: Petr Spacek <pspacek@redhat.com>
The ipa_certupdate, ipachangeconf, ipadiscovery and ntpconf modules depend
on ipaplatform.
Move them to ipaclient.install as they are used only from the client
installer.
https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/6474
Reviewed-By: Stanislav Laznicka <slaznick@redhat.com>
CACERT depends on ipaplatform.
Replace all uses of CACERT with paths.IPA_CA_CRT and remove CACERT.
https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/6474
Reviewed-By: Stanislav Laznicka <slaznick@redhat.com>
kinit_password() depends on ipaplatform.
Move kinit_password() as well as kinit_keytab() to a new
ipalib.install.kinit module, as they are used only from installers.
https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/6474
Reviewed-By: Stanislav Laznicka <slaznick@redhat.com>
get_domain_name() and related code depends on ipaplatform.
Replace all uses of get_domain_name() with api.env.domain and remove
get_domain_name() and all of the related code.
https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/6474
Reviewed-By: Stanislav Laznicka <slaznick@redhat.com>
The certmonger and sysrestore modules depend on ipaplatform.
Move them to ipalib.install as they are used only from installers.
https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/6474
Reviewed-By: Stanislav Laznicka <slaznick@redhat.com>
The dnssec and secrets subpackages and the p11helper module depend on
ipaplatform.
Move them to ipaserver as they are used only on the server.
https://fedorahosted.org/freeipa/ticket/6474
Reviewed-By: Stanislav Laznicka <slaznick@redhat.com>