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139 lines
8.4 KiB
Markdown
139 lines
8.4 KiB
Markdown
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---
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aliases:
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- /docs/grafana/latest/features/datasources/mssql/
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- /docs/grafana/latest/datasources/mssql/
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- /docs/grafana/latest/data-sources/mssql/
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description: Guide for using Microsoft SQL Server in Grafana
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keywords:
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- grafana
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- MSSQL
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- Microsoft
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- SQL
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- guide
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- Azure SQL Database
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menuTitle: Microsoft SQL Server
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title: Microsoft SQL Server data source
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weight: 900
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---
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# Microsoft SQL Server data source
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Grafana ships with built-in support for Microsoft SQL Server (MS SQL).
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You can query and visualize data from any Microsoft SQL Server 2005 or newer, including Microsoft Azure SQL Database.
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This topic explains configuration specific to the Microsoft SQL Server data source.
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For instructions on how to add a data source to Grafana, refer to the [administration documentation]({{< relref "../../administration/data-source-management/" >}}).
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Only users with the organization administrator role can add data sources.
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Administrators can also [configure the data source via YAML]({{< relref "#provision-the-data-source" >}}) with Grafana's provisioning system.
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Once you've added the Microsoft SQL Server data source, you can [configure it]({{< relref "#configure-the-data-source" >}}) so that your Grafana instance's users can create queries in its [query editor]({{< relref "./query-editor/" >}}) when they [build dashboards]({{< relref "../../dashboards/build-dashboards/" >}}) and use [Explore]({{< relref "../../explore/" >}}).
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## Configure the data source
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**To access the data source configuration page:**
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1. Hover the cursor over the **Configuration** (gear) icon.
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1. Select **Data Sources**.
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1. Select the Microsoft SQL Server data source.
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Set the data source's basic configuration options carefully:
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| Name | Description |
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| ------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| **Name** | Sets the name you use to refer to the data source in panels and queries. |
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| **Default** | Sets the data source that's pre-selected for new panels. |
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| **Host** | Sets the IP address/hostname and optional port of your MS SQL instance. Default port is 0, the driver default. You can specify multiple connection properties, such as `ApplicationIntent`, by separating each property with a semicolon (`;`). |
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| **Database** | Sets the name of your MS SQL database. |
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| **Authentication** | Sets the authentication mode, either using SQL Server Authentication or Windows Authentication (single sign-on for Windows users). |
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| **User** | Defines the database user's username. |
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| **Password** | Defines the database user's password. |
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| **Encrypt** | Determines whether to negotiate a secure SSL TCP/IP connection with the server, or to which extent. Default is `false`. |
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| **Max open** | Sets the maximum number of open connections to the database. Default is `unlimited`. |
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| **Max idle** | Sets the maximum number of connections in the idle connection pool. Default is `2`. |
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| **Max lifetime** | Sets the maximum number of seconds that the data source can reuse a connection. Default is `14400` (4 hours). |
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You can also configure settings specific to the Microsoft SQL Server data source:
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### Min time interval
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The **Min time interval** setting defines a lower limit for the [`$__interval`]({{< relref "../../dashboards/variables/add-template-variables#__interval" >}}) and [`$__interval_ms`]({{< relref "../../dashboards/variables/add-template-variables#__interval_ms" >}}) variables.
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This value _must_ be formatted as a number followed by a valid time identifier:
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| Identifier | Description |
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| ---------- | ----------- |
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| `y` | year |
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| `M` | month |
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| `w` | week |
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| `d` | day |
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| `h` | hour |
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| `m` | minute |
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| `s` | second |
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| `ms` | millisecond |
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We recommend setting this value to match your Microsoft SQL Server write frequency.
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For example, use `1m` if Microsoft SQL Server writes data every minute.
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You can also override this setting in a dashboard panel under its data source options.
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### Database user permissions
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Grafana doesn't validate that a query is safe, and could include any SQL statement.
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For example, Microsoft SQL Server would execute destructive queries like `DELETE FROM user;` and `DROP TABLE user;` if the querying user has permission to do so.
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To protect against this, we strongly recommend that you create a specific MS SQL user with restricted permissions.
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Grant only `SELECT` permissions on the specified database and tables that you want to query to the database user you specified when you added the data source:
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```sql
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CREATE USER grafanareader WITH PASSWORD 'password'
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GRANT SELECT ON dbo.YourTable3 TO grafanareader
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```
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Also, ensure that the user doesn't have any unwanted privileges from the public role.
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### Diagnose connection issues
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If you use older versions of Microsoft SQL Server, such as 2008 and 2008R2, you might need to disable encryption before you can connect the data source.
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We recommend that you use the latest available service pack for optimal compatibility.
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### Provision the data source
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You can define and configure the data source in YAML files as part of Grafana's provisioning system.
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For more information about provisioning, and for available configuration options, refer to [Provisioning Grafana]({{< relref "../../administration/provisioning/#data-sources" >}}).
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#### Provisioning example
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```yaml
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apiVersion: 1
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datasources:
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- name: MSSQL
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type: mssql
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url: localhost:1433
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database: grafana
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user: grafana
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jsonData:
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maxOpenConns: 0 # Grafana v5.4+
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maxIdleConns: 2 # Grafana v5.4+
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connMaxLifetime: 14400 # Grafana v5.4+
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secureJsonData:
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password: 'Password!'
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```
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## Query the data source
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You can create queries with the Microsoft SQL Server data source's query editor when editing a panel that uses a MS SQL data source.
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For details, refer to the [query editor documentation]({{< relref "./query-editor/" >}}).
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## Use template variables
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Instead of hard-coding details such as server, application, and sensor names in metric queries, you can use variables.
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Grafana lists these variables in dropdown select boxes at the top of the dashboard to help you change the data displayed in your dashboard.
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Grafana refers to such variables as template variables.
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For details, see the [template variables documentation]({{< relref "./template-variables/" >}}).
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