Alerting: Persist annotations from multidimensional rules in batches (#56575)

* Reduce piecemeal state fields

* Read data directly off state instead of rule

* Unify state and context into single struct

* Expose contextual information to layer above setNextState

* Work in terms of ContextualState and call historian in batches

* Call annotations service in batches

* Export format state and reason and remove workaround in unrelated test package

* Add new method to annotation service for batch inserting

* Fix loop variable aliasing bug caught by linter, didn't change behavior

* Incl timerange on annotation tests

* Insert one at a time if tags are present

* Point to rule from ContextualState rather than copy fields

* Build annotations and copy data prior to starting goroutine

* Rename to StateTransition

* Use new bulk-insert utility

* Remove rule from StateTransition and pass in directly to historian

* Simplify annotations logic since we have only one rule

* Fix logs and context, nilcheck, simplify method name

* Regenerate mock

pkg/services/ngalert/state/testing.go

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package state
 import (
 	"context"
 	"sync"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/grafana/grafana/pkg/services/ngalert/models"
 )
@@ -49,5 +48,5 @@ func (f *FakeRuleReader) ListAlertRules(_ context.Context, q *models.ListAlertRu
 
 type FakeHistorian struct{}
 
-func (f *FakeHistorian) RecordState(ctx context.Context, rule *models.AlertRule, currentState *State, evaluatedAt time.Time, currentData, previousData InstanceStateAndReason) {
+func (f *FakeHistorian) RecordStates(ctx context.Context, rule *models.AlertRule, states []StateTransition) {
 }