pgadmin4/web/pgadmin/__init__.py

##########################################################################
#
# pgAdmin 4 - PostgreSQL Tools
#
# Copyright (C) 2013 - 2020, The pgAdmin Development Team
# This software is released under the PostgreSQL Licence
#
##########################################################################

"""The main pgAdmin module. This handles the application initialisation tasks,
such as setup of logging, dynamic loading of modules etc."""
import logging
import os
import sys
from types import MethodType
from collections import defaultdict
from importlib import import_module

from flask import Flask, abort, request, current_app, session, url_for
from werkzeug.exceptions import HTTPException
from flask_babelex import Babel, gettext
from flask_login import user_logged_in, user_logged_out
from flask_mail import Mail
from flask_paranoid import Paranoid
from flask_security import Security, SQLAlchemyUserDatastore, current_user
from flask_security.utils import login_user, logout_user
from werkzeug.datastructures import ImmutableDict
from werkzeug.local import LocalProxy
from werkzeug.utils import find_modules

from pgadmin.model import db, Role, Server, ServerGroup, \
    User, Keys, Version, SCHEMA_VERSION as CURRENT_SCHEMA_VERSION
from pgadmin.utils import PgAdminModule, driver, KeyManager
from pgadmin.utils.preferences import Preferences
from pgadmin.utils.session import create_session_interface, pga_unauthorised
from pgadmin.utils.versioned_template_loader import VersionedTemplateLoader
from datetime import timedelta
from pgadmin.setup import get_version, set_version
from pgadmin.utils.ajax import internal_server_error
from pgadmin.utils.csrf import pgCSRFProtect
from pgadmin import authenticate

# If script is running under python3, it will not have the xrange function
# defined
winreg = None
if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
    xrange = range
    if os.name == 'nt':
        import winreg
elif os.name == 'nt':
    import _winreg as winreg


class PgAdmin(Flask):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # Set the template loader to a postgres-version-aware loader
        self.jinja_options = ImmutableDict(
            extensions=['jinja2.ext.autoescape', 'jinja2.ext.with_'],
            loader=VersionedTemplateLoader(self)
        )
        self.logout_hooks = []

        super(PgAdmin, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    def find_submodules(self, basemodule):
        for module_name in find_modules(basemodule, True):
            if module_name in self.config['MODULE_BLACKLIST']:
                self.logger.info(
                    'Skipping blacklisted module: %s' % module_name
                )
                continue
            self.logger.info('Examining potential module: %s' % module_name)
            module = import_module(module_name)
            for key in list(module.__dict__.keys()):
                if isinstance(module.__dict__[key], PgAdminModule):
                    yield module.__dict__[key]

    @property
    def submodules(self):
        for blueprint in self.blueprints.values():
            if isinstance(blueprint, PgAdminModule):
                yield blueprint

    @property
    def stylesheets(self):
        stylesheets = []
        for module in self.submodules:
            stylesheets.extend(getattr(module, "stylesheets", []))
        return set(stylesheets)

    @property
    def messages(self):
        messages = dict()
        for module in self.submodules:
            messages.update(getattr(module, "messages", dict()))
        return messages

    @property
    def exposed_endpoint_url_map(self):
        #############################################################
        # To handle WSGI paths
        # If user has setup application under WSGI alias
        # like 'localhost/pgadmin4' then we have to append '/pgadmin4'
        # into endpoints
        #############################################################
        import config
        is_wsgi_root_present = False
        if config.SERVER_MODE:
            pgadmin_root_path = url_for('browser.index')
            if pgadmin_root_path != '/browser/':
                is_wsgi_root_present = True
                wsgi_root_path = pgadmin_root_path.replace(
                    '/browser/', ''
                )

        def get_full_url_path(url):
            """
            Generate endpoint URL at per WSGI alias
            """
            if is_wsgi_root_present and url:
                return wsgi_root_path + url
            else:
                return url

        # Fetch all endpoints and their respective url
        for rule in current_app.url_map.iter_rules('static'):
            yield rule.endpoint, get_full_url_path(rule.rule)

        for module in self.submodules:
            for endpoint in module.exposed_endpoints:
                for rule in current_app.url_map.iter_rules(endpoint):
                    yield rule.endpoint, get_full_url_path(rule.rule)

    @property
    def javascripts(self):
        scripts = []
        scripts_names = []

        # Remove duplicate javascripts from the list
        for module in self.submodules:
            module_scripts = getattr(module, "javascripts", [])
            for s in module_scripts:
                if s['name'] not in scripts_names:
                    scripts.append(s)
                    scripts_names.append(s['name'])

        return scripts

    @property
    def panels(self):
        panels = []
        for module in self.submodules:
            panels.extend(module.get_panels())
        return panels

    @property
    def menu_items(self):
        from operator import attrgetter

        menu_items = defaultdict(list)
        for module in self.submodules:
            for key, value in module.menu_items.items():
                menu_items[key].extend(value)
        menu_items = dict((key, sorted(value, key=attrgetter('priority')))
                          for key, value in menu_items.items())
        return menu_items

    def register_logout_hook(self, module):
        if hasattr(module, 'on_logout') and \
                type(getattr(module, 'on_logout')) == MethodType:
            self.logout_hooks.append(module)


def _find_blueprint():
    if request.blueprint:
        return current_app.blueprints[request.blueprint]


current_blueprint = LocalProxy(_find_blueprint)


def create_app(app_name=None):
    # Configuration settings
    import config
    if not app_name:
        app_name = config.APP_NAME

    # Only enable password related functionality in server mode.
    if config.SERVER_MODE is True:
        # Some times we need to access these config params where application
        # context is not available (we can't use current_app.config in those
        # cases even with current_app.app_context())
        # So update these params in config itself.
        # And also these updated config values will picked up by application
        # since we are updating config before the application instance is
        # created.

        config.SECURITY_RECOVERABLE = True
        config.SECURITY_CHANGEABLE = True
        # Now we'll open change password page in alertify dialog
        # we don't want it to redirect to main page after password
        # change operation so we will open the same password change page again.
        config.SECURITY_POST_CHANGE_VIEW = 'browser.change_password'

    """Create the Flask application, startup logging and dynamically load
    additional modules (blueprints) that are found in this directory."""
    app = PgAdmin(__name__, static_url_path='/static')
    # Removes unwanted whitespace from render_template function
    app.jinja_env.trim_blocks = True
    app.config.from_object(config)
    app.config.update(dict(PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS=True))

    ##########################################################################
    # Setup logging and log the application startup
    ##########################################################################

    # We won't care about errors in the logging system, we are more
    # interested in application errors.
    logging.raiseExceptions = False

    # Add SQL level logging, and set the base logging level
    logging.addLevelName(25, 'SQL')
    app.logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
    app.logger.handlers = []

    # We also need to update the handler on the webserver in order to see
    # request. Setting the level prevents werkzeug from setting up it's own
    # stream handler thus ensuring all the logging goes through the pgAdmin
    # logger.
    logger = logging.getLogger('werkzeug')
    logger.setLevel(config.CONSOLE_LOG_LEVEL)

    # Set SQLITE_PATH to TEST_SQLITE_PATH while running test cases
    if (
        'PGADMIN_TESTING_MODE' in os.environ and
        os.environ['PGADMIN_TESTING_MODE'] == '1'
    ):
        config.SQLITE_PATH = config.TEST_SQLITE_PATH
        config.MASTER_PASSWORD_REQUIRED = False
        config.UPGRADE_CHECK_ENABLED = False

    # Ensure the various working directories exist
    from pgadmin.setup import create_app_data_directory, db_upgrade
    create_app_data_directory(config)

    # File logging
    fh = logging.FileHandler(config.LOG_FILE, encoding='utf-8')
    fh.setLevel(config.FILE_LOG_LEVEL)
    fh.setFormatter(logging.Formatter(config.FILE_LOG_FORMAT))
    app.logger.addHandler(fh)
    logger.addHandler(fh)

    # Console logging
    ch = logging.StreamHandler()
    ch.setLevel(config.CONSOLE_LOG_LEVEL)
    ch.setFormatter(logging.Formatter(config.CONSOLE_LOG_FORMAT))
    app.logger.addHandler(ch)
    logger.addHandler(ch)

    # Log the startup
    app.logger.info('########################################################')
    app.logger.info('Starting %s v%s...', config.APP_NAME, config.APP_VERSION)
    app.logger.info('########################################################')
    app.logger.debug("Python syspath: %s", sys.path)

    ##########################################################################
    # Setup i18n
    ##########################################################################

    # Initialise i18n
    babel = Babel(app)

    app.logger.debug('Available translations: %s' % babel.list_translations())

    @babel.localeselector
    def get_locale():
        """Get the language for the user."""
        language = 'en'
        if config.SERVER_MODE is False:
            # Get the user language preference from the miscellaneous module
            if current_user.is_authenticated:
                user_id = current_user.id
            else:
                user = user_datastore.get_user(config.DESKTOP_USER)
                if user is not None:
                    user_id = user.id
            user_language = Preferences.raw_value(
                'misc', 'user_language', 'user_language', user_id
            )
            if user_language is not None:
                language = user_language
        else:
            # If language is available in get request then return the same
            # otherwise check the session or cookie
            data = request.form
            if 'language' in data:
                language = data['language'] or language
                setattr(session, 'PGADMIN_LANGUAGE', language)
            elif hasattr(session, 'PGADMIN_LANGUAGE'):
                language = getattr(session, 'PGADMIN_LANGUAGE', language)
            elif hasattr(request.cookies, 'PGADMIN_LANGUAGE'):
                language = getattr(
                    request.cookies, 'PGADMIN_LANGUAGE', language
                )

        return language

    ##########################################################################
    # Setup authentication
    ##########################################################################

    app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = u'sqlite:///{0}?timeout={1}' \
        .format(config.SQLITE_PATH.replace(u'\\', u'/'),
                getattr(config, 'SQLITE_TIMEOUT', 500)
                )

    # Create database connection object and mailer
    db.init_app(app)

    ##########################################################################
    # Upgrade the schema (if required)
    ##########################################################################
    with app.app_context():
        # Run migration for the first time i.e. create database
        from config import SQLITE_PATH

        # If version not available, user must have aborted. Tables are not
        # created and so its an empty db
        if not os.path.exists(SQLITE_PATH) or get_version() == -1:
            db_upgrade(app)
        else:
            schema_version = get_version()

            # Run migration if current schema version is greater than the
            # schema version stored in version table
            if CURRENT_SCHEMA_VERSION >= schema_version:
                db_upgrade(app)

            # Update schema version to the latest
            if CURRENT_SCHEMA_VERSION > schema_version:
                set_version(CURRENT_SCHEMA_VERSION)
                db.session.commit()

        if os.name != 'nt':
            os.chmod(config.SQLITE_PATH, 0o600)

    Mail(app)

    import pgadmin.utils.paths as paths
    paths.init_app(app)

    # Setup Flask-Security
    user_datastore = SQLAlchemyUserDatastore(db, User, Role)
    security = Security(None, user_datastore)

    ##########################################################################
    # Setup security
    ##########################################################################
    with app.app_context():
        config.CSRF_SESSION_KEY = Keys.query.filter_by(
            name='CSRF_SESSION_KEY').first().value
        config.SECRET_KEY = Keys.query.filter_by(
            name='SECRET_KEY').first().value
        config.SECURITY_PASSWORD_SALT = Keys.query.filter_by(
            name='SECURITY_PASSWORD_SALT').first().value

    # Update the app.config with proper security keyes for signing CSRF data,
    # signing cookies, and the SALT for hashing the passwords.
    app.config.update(dict({
        'CSRF_SESSION_KEY': config.CSRF_SESSION_KEY,
        'SECRET_KEY': config.SECRET_KEY,
        'SECURITY_PASSWORD_SALT': config.SECURITY_PASSWORD_SALT,
        'SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN': config.SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN,
        # CSRF Token expiration till session expires
        'WTF_CSRF_TIME_LIMIT': getattr(config, 'CSRF_TIME_LIMIT', None),
        'WTF_CSRF_METHODS': ['GET', 'POST', 'PUT', 'DELETE'],
    }))

    security.init_app(app, user_datastore)

    # register custom unauthorised handler.
    app.login_manager.unauthorized_handler(pga_unauthorised)

    # Set the permanent session lifetime to the specified value in config file.
    app.permanent_session_lifetime = timedelta(
        days=config.SESSION_EXPIRATION_TIME)

    app.session_interface = create_session_interface(
        app, config.SESSION_SKIP_PATHS
    )

    # Make the Session more secure against XSS & CSRF when running in web mode
    if config.SERVER_MODE and config.ENHANCED_COOKIE_PROTECTION:
        paranoid = Paranoid(app)
        paranoid.redirect_view = 'browser.index'

    ##########################################################################
    # Load all available server drivers
    ##########################################################################
    driver.init_app(app)
    authenticate.init_app(app)

    ##########################################################################
    # Register language to the preferences after login
    ##########################################################################
    @user_logged_in.connect_via(app)
    def register_language(sender, user):
        # After logged in, set the language in the preferences if we get from
        # the login page
        data = request.form
        if 'language' in data:
            language = data['language']

            # Set the user language preference
            misc_preference = Preferences.module('misc')
            user_languages = misc_preference.preference(
                'user_language'
            )

            if user_languages and language:
                language = user_languages.set(language)

    ##########################################################################
    # Register any local servers we can discover
    ##########################################################################
    @user_logged_in.connect_via(app)
    def on_user_logged_in(sender, user):
        # Keep hold of the user ID
        user_id = user.id

        # Get the first server group for the user
        servergroup_id = 1
        servergroups = ServerGroup.query.filter_by(
            user_id=user_id
        ).order_by("id")

        if servergroups.count() > 0:
            servergroup = servergroups.first()
            servergroup_id = servergroup.id

        '''Add a server to the config database'''

        def add_server(user_id, servergroup_id, name, superuser, port,
                       discovery_id, comment):
            # Create a server object if needed, and store it.
            servers = Server.query.filter_by(
                user_id=user_id,
                discovery_id=svr_discovery_id
            ).order_by("id")

            if servers.count() > 0:
                return

            svr = Server(user_id=user_id,
                         servergroup_id=servergroup_id,
                         name=name,
                         host='localhost',
                         port=port,
                         maintenance_db='postgres',
                         username=superuser,
                         ssl_mode='prefer',
                         comment=svr_comment,
                         discovery_id=discovery_id)

            db.session.add(svr)
            db.session.commit()

        # Figure out what servers are present
        if winreg is not None:
            arch_keys = set()
            proc_arch = os.environ['PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE'].lower()

            try:
                proc_arch64 = os.environ['PROCESSOR_ARCHITEW6432'].lower()
            except Exception:
                proc_arch64 = None

            if proc_arch == 'x86' and not proc_arch64:
                arch_keys.add(0)
            elif proc_arch == 'x86' or proc_arch == 'amd64':
                arch_keys.add(winreg.KEY_WOW64_32KEY)
                arch_keys.add(winreg.KEY_WOW64_64KEY)

            for arch_key in arch_keys:
                for server_type in ('PostgreSQL', 'EnterpriseDB'):
                    try:
                        root_key = winreg.OpenKey(
                            winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
                            "SOFTWARE\\" + server_type + "\\Services", 0,
                            winreg.KEY_READ | arch_key
                        )
                        for i in xrange(0, winreg.QueryInfoKey(root_key)[0]):
                            inst_id = winreg.EnumKey(root_key, i)
                            inst_key = winreg.OpenKey(root_key, inst_id)

                            svr_name = winreg.QueryValueEx(
                                inst_key, 'Display Name'
                            )[0]
                            svr_superuser = winreg.QueryValueEx(
                                inst_key, 'Database Superuser'
                            )[0]
                            svr_port = winreg.QueryValueEx(inst_key, 'Port')[0]
                            svr_discovery_id = inst_id
                            svr_comment = gettext(
                                "Auto-detected %s installation with the data "
                                "directory at {}").format(
                                    winreg.QueryValueEx(
                                        inst_key, 'Display Name'
                                    )[0],
                                    winreg.QueryValueEx(
                                        inst_key, 'Data Directory'
                                    )[0])

                            add_server(
                                user_id, servergroup_id, svr_name,
                                svr_superuser, svr_port,
                                svr_discovery_id, svr_comment
                            )

                            inst_key.Close()
                    except Exception:
                        pass
        else:
            # We use the postgres-winreg.ini file on non-Windows
            try:
                from configparser import ConfigParser
            except ImportError:
                from ConfigParser import ConfigParser  # Python 2

            registry = ConfigParser()

        try:
            registry.read('/etc/postgres-reg.ini')
            sections = registry.sections()

            # Loop the sections, and get the data from any that are PG or PPAS
            for section in sections:
                if (
                    section.startswith('PostgreSQL/') or
                    section.startswith('EnterpriseDB/')
                ):
                    svr_name = registry.get(section, 'Description')
                    svr_superuser = registry.get(section, 'Superuser')

                    # getint function throws exception if value is blank.
                    # Ex: Port=
                    # In such case we should handle the exception and continue
                    # to read the next section of the config file.
                    try:
                        svr_port = registry.getint(section, 'Port')
                    except ValueError:
                        continue

                    svr_discovery_id = section
                    description = registry.get(section, 'Description')
                    data_directory = registry.get(section, 'DataDirectory')
                    if hasattr(str, 'decode'):
                        description = description.decode('utf-8')
                        data_directory = data_directory.decode('utf-8')
                    svr_comment = gettext(u"Auto-detected {0} installation "
                                          u"with the data directory at {1}"
                                          ).format(description, data_directory)
                    add_server(user_id, servergroup_id, svr_name,
                               svr_superuser, svr_port, svr_discovery_id,
                               svr_comment)

        except Exception:
            pass

    @user_logged_in.connect_via(app)
    @user_logged_out.connect_via(app)
    def force_session_write(app, user):
        session.force_write = True

    @user_logged_in.connect_via(app)
    def store_crypt_key(app, user):
        # in desktop mode, master password is used to encrypt/decrypt
        # and is stored in the keyManager memory
        if config.SERVER_MODE:
            if 'password' in request.form:
                current_app.keyManager.set(request.form['password'])

    @user_logged_out.connect_via(app)
    def current_user_cleanup(app, user):
        from config import PG_DEFAULT_DRIVER
        from pgadmin.utils.driver import get_driver
        from flask import current_app

        # remove key
        current_app.keyManager.reset()

        for mdl in current_app.logout_hooks:
            try:
                mdl.on_logout(user)
            except Exception as e:
                current_app.logger.exception(e)

        _driver = get_driver(PG_DEFAULT_DRIVER)
        _driver.gc_own()

    ##########################################################################
    # Load plugin modules
    ##########################################################################
    for module in app.find_submodules('pgadmin'):
        app.logger.info('Registering blueprint module: %s' % module)
        app.register_blueprint(module)
        app.register_logout_hook(module)

    ##########################################################################
    # Handle the desktop login
    ##########################################################################

    @app.before_request
    def before_request():
        """Login the default user if running in desktop mode"""

        # Check the auth key is valid, if it's set, and we're not in server
        # mode, and it's not a help file request.
        if not config.SERVER_MODE and app.PGADMIN_INT_KEY != '' and ((
            'key' not in request.args or
            request.args['key'] != app.PGADMIN_INT_KEY) and
            request.cookies.get('PGADMIN_INT_KEY') != app.PGADMIN_INT_KEY and
            request.endpoint != 'help.static'
        ):
            abort(401)

        if not config.SERVER_MODE and not current_user.is_authenticated:
            user = user_datastore.get_user(config.DESKTOP_USER)
            # Throw an error if we failed to find the desktop user, to give
            # the sysadmin a hint. We'll continue to try to login anyway as
            # that'll through a nice 500 error for us.
            if user is None:
                app.logger.error(
                    'The desktop user %s was not found in the configuration '
                    'database.'
                    % config.DESKTOP_USER
                )
                abort(401)
            login_user(user)

        # if the server is restarted the in memory key will be lost
        # but the user session may still be active. Logout the user
        # to get the key again when login
        if config.SERVER_MODE and current_user.is_authenticated and \
                current_app.keyManager.get() is None and \
                request.endpoint not in ('security.login', 'security.logout'):
            logout_user()

    @app.after_request
    def after_request(response):
        if 'key' in request.args:
            domain = dict()
            if config.COOKIE_DEFAULT_DOMAIN and \
                    config.COOKIE_DEFAULT_DOMAIN != 'localhost':
                domain['domain'] = config.COOKIE_DEFAULT_DOMAIN
            response.set_cookie('PGADMIN_INT_KEY', value=request.args['key'],
                                path=config.COOKIE_DEFAULT_PATH,
                                **domain)

        # X-Frame-Options for security
        if config.X_FRAME_OPTIONS != "" and \
                config.X_FRAME_OPTIONS.lower() != "deny":
            response.headers["X-Frame-Options"] = config.X_FRAME_OPTIONS

        return response

    ##########################################################################
    # Cache busting
    ##########################################################################

    # Version number to be added to all static file url requests
    # This is used by url_for function when generating urls
    # This will solve caching issues when application is upgrading
    # This is called - Cache Busting
    @app.url_defaults
    def add_internal_version(endpoint, values):
        extensions = config.APP_VERSION_EXTN

        # Add the internal version only if it is set
        if config.APP_VERSION_PARAM is not None and \
           config.APP_VERSION_PARAM != '':
            # If there is a filename, add the version
            if 'filename' in values \
               and values['filename'].endswith(extensions):
                values[config.APP_VERSION_PARAM] = config.APP_VERSION_INT
            else:
                # Sometimes there may be direct endpoint for some files
                # There will be only one rule for such endpoints
                urls = [url for url in app.url_map.iter_rules(endpoint)]
                if len(urls) == 1 and urls[0].rule.endswith(extensions):
                    values[config.APP_VERSION_PARAM] = \
                        config.APP_VERSION_INT

    # Strip away internal version param before sending further to app as it was
    # required for cache busting only
    @app.url_value_preprocessor
    def strip_version_number(endpoint, values):
        if values and config.APP_VERSION_PARAM in values:
            values.pop(config.APP_VERSION_PARAM)

    ##########################################################################
    # Minify output. Not required in desktop mode
    ##########################################################################
    if not config.DEBUG and config.SERVER_MODE:
        from flask_compress import Compress
        Compress(app)

    from pgadmin.misc.themes import Themes
    Themes(app)

    @app.context_processor
    def inject_blueprint():
        """
        Inject a reference to the current blueprint, if any.
        """

        return {
            'current_app': current_app,
            'current_blueprint': current_blueprint,
        }

    @app.errorhandler(Exception)
    def all_exception_handler(e):
        current_app.logger.error(e, exc_info=True)
        return internal_server_error(errormsg=str(e))

    # Exclude HTTPexception from above handler (all_exception_handler)
    # HTTPException are user defined exceptions and those should be returned
    # as is
    @app.errorhandler(HTTPException)
    def http_exception_handler(e):
        current_app.logger.error(e, exc_info=True)
        return e

    # Intialize the key manager
    app.keyManager = KeyManager()

    ##########################################################################
    # Protection against CSRF attacks
    ##########################################################################
    with app.app_context():
        pgCSRFProtect.init_app(app)

    ##########################################################################
    # All done!
    ##########################################################################
    return app