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566 lines
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ReStructuredText
566 lines
28 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _table_dialog:
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*********************
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`Table Dialog`:index:
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*********************
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Use the *Table* dialog to create or modify a table.
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The *Table* dialog organizes the development of a table through the following
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dialog tabs: *General*, *Columns*, *Constraints*, *Advanced*, *Parition*, *Parameter*, and
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*Security*. The *SQL* tab displays the SQL code generated by dialog selections.
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.. image:: images/table_general.png
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:alt: Table dialog general tab
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:align: center
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Use the fields in the *General* tab to identify the table:
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* Use the *Name* field to add a descriptive name for the table. A table cannot
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have the same name as any existing table, sequence, index, view, foreign
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table, or data type in the same schema. The name specified will be displayed
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in the *pgAdmin* tree control. This field is required.
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* Select the owner of the table from the drop-down listbox in the *Owner* field.
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By default, the owner of the table is the role that creates the table.
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* Select the name of the schema in which the table will reside from the
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drop-down listbox in the *Schema* field.
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* Use the drop-down listbox in the *Tablespace* field to specify the tablespace
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in which the table will be stored.
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* Move the *Partitioned Table?* switch to the *Yes* in case you want to create a
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partitioned table. Option is available for PostgreSQL 10 and above.
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* Store notes about the table in the *Comment* field.
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Click the *Columns* tab to continue.
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.. image:: images/table_columns.png
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:alt: Table dialog columns tab
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:align: center
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Use the drop-down listbox next to *Inherited from table(s)* to specify any
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parent table(s); the table will inherit columns from the selected parent
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table(s). Click inside the *Inherited from table(s)* field to select a table
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name from a drop-down list. Repeat to add any other parent tables. Delete a
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selected table by clicking the *x* to the left of the parent name. Note that
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inherited column names and datatypes are not editable in the current dialog;
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they must be modified at the parent level.
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Click the *Add* icon (+) to specify the names of columns and their datatypes in
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the *Columns* table:
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* Use the *Name* field to add a descriptive name for the column.
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* Use the drop-down listbox in the *Data type* field to select a data type for
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the column. This can include array specifiers. For more information on the
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data types supported by PostgreSQL, refer to Chapter 8 of the core
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documentation.
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* If enabled, use the *Length/Precision* and *Scale* fields to specify the
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maximum number of significant digits in a numeric value, or the maximum
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number of characters in a text value.
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* Move the *Not NULL?* switch to the *Yes* position to require a value in the
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column field.
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* Move the *Primary key?* switch to the *Yes* position to specify the column is
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the primary key constraint.
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Click the *Add* icon (+) to add additional columns; to discard a column, click
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the trash icon to the left of the row and confirm deletion in the *Delete Row*
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popup.
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Click the *Constraints* tab to continue.
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.. image:: images/table_constraints.png
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:alt: Table dialog constraints tab
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:align: center
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Use the fields in the *Constraints* tab to provide a table or column constraint.
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Optional constraint clauses specify constraints (tests) that new or updated rows
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must satisfy for an *INSERT* or *UPDATE* operation to succeed. Select the
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appropriate constraint type by selecting one of the following tabs on the
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*Constraints* panel:
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.. table::
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:class: longtable
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:widths: 1 4
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+----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| Tab Name | Constraint |
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+================+=====================================================================================================================+
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| *Primary Key* | Provides a unique identifier for each row in the table. |
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+----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| *Foreign Key* | Maintains referential integrity between two tables. |
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+----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| *Check* | Requires data satisfies an expression or condition before insertion or modification. |
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+----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| *Unique* | Ensures that the data contained in a column, or a group of columns, is unique among all the rows in the table. |
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+----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| *Exclude* | Guarantees that if any two rows are compared on the specified column or expression (using the specified operator), |
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| | at least one of the operator comparisons will return false or null. |
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+----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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To add a primary key for the table, select the *Primary Key* tab, and click the
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*Add* icon (+). To define the primary key, click the *Edit* icon to the left of
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the *Trash* icon. A dialog similar to the *Primary key* dialog (accessed by
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right clicking on *Constraints* in the *pgAdmin* tree control) opens.
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Use the fields in the *General* tab to identify the primary key:
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* Use the *Name* field to add a descriptive name for the primary key constraint.
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The name will be displayed in the *pgAdmin* tree control.
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* Provide notes about the primary key in the *Comment* field.
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Click the *Definition* tab to continue.
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.. image:: images/primary_key_definition.png
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:alt: Table dialog primary key constraint definition
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:align: center
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Use the fields in the *Definition* tab to define the primary key constraint:
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* Click inside the *Columns* field and select one or more column names from the
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drop-down listbox. To delete a selection, click the *x* to the left of the
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column name. The primary key constraint should be different from any unique
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constraint defined for the same table; the selected column(s) for the
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constraints must be distinct.
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* Select the name of the tablespace in which the primary key constraint will
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reside from the drop-down listbox in the *Tablespace* field.
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* Use the *Fill Factor* field to specify a fill factor for the table and index.
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The fill factor for a table is a percentage between 10 and 100. 100 (complete
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packing) is the default.
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* Move the *Deferrable?* switch to the *Yes* position to specify the timing of
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the constraint is deferrable and can be postponed until the end of the
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statement. The default is *No*.
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* If enabled, move the *Deferred?* switch to the *Yes* position to specify the
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timing of the constraint is deferred to the end of the statement. The default
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is *No*.
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.. image:: images/table_foreign_key.png
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:alt: Table dialog foreign key constrain
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:align: center
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To add a foreign key constraint, select the *Foreign Key* tab, and click the
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*Add* icon (+). To define the constraint, click the *Edit* icon to the left of
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the *Trash* icon. A dialog similar to the *Foreign key* dialog (accessed by
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right clicking on *Constraints* in the *pgAdmin* tree control) opens.
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Use the fields in the *General* tab to identify the foreign key constraint:
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* Use the *Name* field to add a descriptive name for the foreign key constraint.
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The name will be displayed in the *pgAdmin* tree control.
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* Provide notes about the foreign key in the *Comment* field.
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Click the *Definition* tab to continue.
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.. image:: images/foreign_key_definition.png
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:alt: Table dialog foreign key constraint definition
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:align: center
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Use the fields in the *Definition* tab to define the foreign key constraint:
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* Move the *Deferrable?* switch to the *Yes* position to specify the timing of
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the constraint is deferrable and can be postponed until the end of the
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statement. The default is *No*.
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* If enabled, move the *Deferred?* switch to the *Yes* position to specify the
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timing of the constraint is deferred to the end of the statement. The default
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is *No*.
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* Move the *Match type* switch specify the type of matching that is enforced by
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the constraint:
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* Select *Full* to indicate that all columns of a multicolumn foreign key
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must be null if any column is null; if all columns are null, the row is
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not required to have a match in the referenced table.
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* Select *Simple* to specify that a single foreign key column may be null;
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if any column is null, the row is not required to have a match in the
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referenced table.
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* Move the *Validated* switch to the *Yes* position to instruct the server to
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validate the existing table content (against a foreign key or check
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constraint) when you save modifications to this dialog.
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* Move the *Auto FK Index* switch to the *No* position to disable the automatic
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index feature.
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* The field next to *Covering Index* generates the name of an index if the *Auto
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FK Index* switch is in the *Yes* position; or, this field is disabled.
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Click the *Columns* tab to continue.
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.. image:: images/foreign_key_columns.png
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:alt: Table dialog foreign key constraint columns
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:align: center
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Use the fields in the *Columns* tab to specify one or more reference column(s).
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A Foreign Key constraint requires that one or more columns of a table must only
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contain values that match values in the referenced column(s) of a row of a
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referenced table:
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* Use the drop-down listbox next to *Local column* to specify the column in the
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current table that will be compared to the foreign table.
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* Use the drop-down listbox next to *References* to specify the name of the
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table in which the comparison column(s) resides.
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* Use the drop-down listbox next to *Referencing* to specify a column in the
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foreign table.
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Click the *Add* icon (+) to add a column to the list; repeat the steps above and
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click the *Add* icon (+) to add additional columns. To discard an entry, click
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the trash icon to the left of the entry and confirm deletion in the *Delete Row*
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popup.
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Click the *Action* tab to continue.
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.. image:: images/foreign_key_action.png
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:alt: Table dialog foreign key constraint action
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:align: center
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Use the drop-down listboxes on the *Action* tab to specify behavior related to
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the foreign key constraint that will be performed when data within the table is
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updated or deleted:
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* Use the drop-down listbox next to *On update* to select an action that will be
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performed when data in the table is updated.
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* Use the drop-down listbox next to *On delete* to select an action that will be
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performed when data in the table is deleted.
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The supported actions are:
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.. table::
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:class: longtable
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:widths: 1 4
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+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| NO ACTION | Produce an error indicating that the deletion or update will create a foreign key constraint violation. |
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| | If the constraint is deferred, this error will be produced at constraint check time if any referencing |
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| | rows still exist. This is the default. |
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+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| RESTRICT | Throw an error indicating that the deletion or update would create a foreign key constraint violation. |
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| | This is the same as NO ACTION except that the check is not deferrable. |
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+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| CASCADE | Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the values of the referencing column(s) to the new |
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| | values of the referenced columns, respectively. |
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+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| SET NULL | Set the referencing column(s) to null. |
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+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| SET DEFAULT | Set the referencing column(s) to their default values. There must be a row in the referenced table |
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| | that matches the default values (if they are not null), or the operation will fail. |
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+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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.. image:: images/table_check.png
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:alt: Table dialog check constraint
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:align: center
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To add a check constraint, select the *Check* tab on the panel, and click the
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*Add* icon (+). To define the check constraint, click the *Edit* icon to the
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left of the *Trash* icon. A dialog similar to the *Check* dialog (accessed by
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right clicking on *Constraints* in the *pgAdmin* tree control) opens.
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Use the fields in the *General* tab to identify the check constraint:
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* Use the *Name* field to add a descriptive name for the check constraint. The
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name will be displayed in the *pgAdmin* tree control. With PostgreSQL 9.5
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forward, when a table has multiple check constraints, they will be tested for
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each row in alphabetical order by name and after NOT NULL constraints.
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* Provide notes about the check constraint in the *Comment* field.
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Click the *Definition* tab to continue.
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.. image:: images/check_definition.png
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:alt: Table dialog check constraint definition
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:align: center
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Use the fields in the *Definition* tab to define the check constraint:
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* Provide the expression that a row must satisfy in the *Check* field. This
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field is required.
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* Move the *No Inherit?* switch to the *Yes* position to specify that this
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constraint is not automatically inherited by a table's children. The default
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is *No*, meaning that the constraint will be inherited by any children.
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* Move the *Don't validate?* switch to the *No* position to skip validation of
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existing data; the constraint may not hold for all rows in the table. The
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default is *Yes*.
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.. image:: images/table_unique.png
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:alt: Table dialog unique constraint
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:align: center
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To add a unique constraint, select the *Unique* tab on the panel, and click the
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*Add* icon (+). To define the constraint, click the *Edit* icon to the left of
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the *Trash* icon. A dialog similar to the *Unique constraint* dialog (accessed
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by right clicking on *Constraints* in the *pgAdmin* tree control) opens.
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Use the fields in the *General* tab to identify the unique constraint:
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* Use the *Name* field to add a descriptive name for the unique constraint. The
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name will be displayed in the *pgAdmin* tree control.
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* Provide notes about the unique constraint in the *Comment* field.
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Click the *Definition* tab to continue.
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.. image:: images/unique_constraint_definition.png
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:alt: Table dialog unique constraint definition
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:align: center
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Use the fields in the *Definition* tab to define the unique constraint:
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* Click inside the *Columns* field and select one or more column names from the
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drop-down listbox. To delete a selection, click the *x* to the left of the
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column name. The unique constraint should be different from the primary key
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constraint defined for the same table; the selected column(s) for the
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constraints must be distinct.
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* Select the name of the tablespace in which the unique constraint will reside
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from the drop-down listbox in the *Tablespace* field.
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* Use the *Fill Factor* field to specify a fill factor for the table and index.
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The fill factor for a table is a percentage between 10 and 100. 100 (complete
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packing) is the default.
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* Move the *Deferrable?* switch to the *Yes* position to specify the timing of
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the constraint is deferrable and can be postponed until the end of the
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statement. The default is *No*.
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* If enabled, move the *Deferred?* switch to the *Yes* position to specify the
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timing of the constraint is deferred to the end of the statement. The default
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is *No*.
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.. image:: images/table_exclude.png
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:alt: Table dialog exclude constraint
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:align: center
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To add an exclusion constraint, select the *Exclude* tab on the panel, and click
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the *Add* icon (+). To define the constraint, click the *Edit* icon to the left
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of the *Trash* icon. A dialog similar to the *Exclusion constraint* dialog
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(accessed by right clicking on *Constraints* in the *pgAdmin* tree control)
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opens.
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Use the fields in the *General* tab to identify the exclusion constraint:
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* Use the *Name* field to provide a descriptive name for the exclusion
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constraint. The name will be displayed in the *pgAdmin* tree control.
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* Provide notes about the exclusion constraint in the *Comment* field.
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Click the *Definition* tab to continue.
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.. image:: images/exclusion_constraint_definition.png
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:alt: Table dialog exclusion constraint definition
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:align: center
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Use the fields in the *Definition* tab to define the exclusion constraint:
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* Use the drop-down listbox next to *Tablespace* to select the tablespace in
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which the index associated with the exclude constraint will reside.
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* Use the drop-down listbox next to *Access method* to specify the type of
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index that will be used when implementing the exclusion constraint:
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* Select *gist* to specify a GiST index (the default).
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* Select *spgist* to specify a space-partitioned GiST index.
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* Select *btree* to specify a B-tree index.
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* Select *hash* to specify a hash index.
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* Use the *Fill Factor* field to specify a fill factor for the table and
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associated index. The fill factor is a percentage between 10 and 100. 100
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(complete packing) is the default.
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* Move the *Deferrable?* switch to the *Yes* position to specify that the timing
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of the constraint is deferrable, and can be postponed until the end of the
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statement. The default is *No*.
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* If enabled, move the *Deferred?* switch to the *Yes* position to specify the
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timing of the constraint is deferred to the end of the statement. The default
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is *No*.
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* Use the *Constraint* field to provide a condition that a row must satisfy to
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be included in the table.
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Click the *Columns* tab to continue.
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.. image:: images/exclusion_constraint_columns.png
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:alt: Table dialog exclusion constraint columns
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:align: center
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Use the fields in the *Columns* tab to specify the column(s) to which the
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constraint applies. Use the drop-down listbox next to *Column* to select a
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column and click the *Add* icon (+) to provide details of the action on the
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column:
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* The *Column* field is populated with the selection made in the *Column*
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drop-down listbox.
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* If applicable, use the drop-down listbox in the *Operator class* to specify
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the operator class that will be used by the index for the column.
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* Move the *DESC* switch to *DESC* to specify a descending sort order. The
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default is *ASC* which specifies an ascending sort order.
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* Move the *NULLs order* switch to *LAST* to define an ascending sort order for
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NULLs. The default is *FIRST* which specifies a descending order.
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* Use the drop-down list next to *Operator* to specify a comparison or
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conditional operator.
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Click the *Advanced* tab to continue.
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.. image:: images/table_advanced.png
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:alt: Table dialog advanced tab
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:align: center
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Use the fields in the *Advanced* tab to define advanced features for the table:
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* Move the *RLS Policy?* switch to the *Yes* position to enable the Row Level Security.
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* Move the *Force RLS Policy?* to the *Yes* position to force the policy on the owner of the table.
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* Use the drop-down listbox next to *Of type* to copy the table structure from
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the specified composite type. Please note that a typed table will be dropped
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if the type is dropped (with DROP TYPE ... CASCADE).
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* Use the drop-down list box next to Access Method to specify the table access method to use to store
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the contents for the new table; the method needs to be an access method of type TABLE. This field is optional.
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This option is available from v12 and above.
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* Use the *Fill Factor* field to specify a fill factor for the table. The fill
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factor for a table is a percentage between 10 and 100. 100 (complete packing)
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is the default.
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* Use the *Toast tuple target* field to set toast_tuple_target storage
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parameter of the table. The toast_tuple_target value is in bytes and has
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minimum value of 128. This field will be enabled only for
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PostgreSQL version >= 11
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* Use the *Parallel workers* field to set parallel_workers storage
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parameter of the table. The parallel_workers sets the number of workers that
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should be used to assist a parallel scan of the table. This field will be
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enabled only for PostgreSQL version >= 9.6
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* Move the *Has OIDs?* switch to the *Yes* position to specify that each row
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within a table has a system-assigned object identifier. The default is *No*.
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* Move the *Unlogged?* switch to the *Yes* position to disable logging for the
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table. Data written to an unlogged table is not written to the write-ahead
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log. Any indexes created on an unlogged table are automatically unlogged as
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well. The default is *No*.
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Use the fields in the **Like** box to specify which attributes of an existing
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table from which a table will automatically copy column names, data types, and
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not-null constraints; after saving the new or modified table, any changes to
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the original table will not be applied to the new table.
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* Use the drop-down listbox next to *Relation* to select a reference table.
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* Move the switch next to *With default values?* towards the *right position* to copy default
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values.
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* Move the switch next to *With constraints?* towards the *right position* to copy table and
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column constraints.
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* Move the switch next to *With indexes?* towards the *right position* to copy indexes.
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* Move the switch next to *With storage?* towards the *right position* to copy storage settings.
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* Move the switch next to *With comments?* towards the *right position* to copy comments.
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* Move the switch next to *With compression?* towards the *right position* to copy
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compression method. This option is available only on PostgreSQL 14 and above.
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* Move the switch next to *With generated?* towards the *right position* to copy
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generation expressions of copied column. This option is available only on PostgreSQL 12 and above.
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* Move the switch next to *With identity?* towards the *right position* to copy
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any identity specifications of copied column.
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* Move the switch next to *With statistics?* towards the *right position* to copy
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extended statistics.
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With PostgreSQL 10 forward, the *Partition* tab will be visible.
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Click the *Partition* tab to continue.
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.. image:: images/table_partition.png
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:alt: Table dialog partition tab
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:align: center
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Use the fields in the *partition* tab to create the partitions for the table:
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* Select a partition type from the *Partition Type* selection box. There are 3
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options available; Range, List and Hash. Hash option will only enable for
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PostgreSQL version >= 11.
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Use the *Partition Keys* panel to define the partition keys. Click the *Add*
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|
icon (+) to add each partition keys selection:
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|
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* Select a partition key type in the *Keytype* field.
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* Select a partition column in the *Column* field if Column option selected for
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|
*Keytype* field .
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* Specify the expression in the *Expression* field if Expression option selected
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|
for the *Keytype* field.
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|
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Use the *Partitions* panel to define the partitions of a table. Click the *Add*
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|
icon (+) to add each partition:
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|
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* Move the *Operation* switch to *attach* to attach the partition, by default it
|
|
is *create*.
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* Use the *Name* field to add the name of the partition.
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|
* If partition type is Range or List then *Default* field will be enabled.
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|
* If partition type is Range then *From* and *To* fields will be enabled.
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|
* If partition type is List then *In* field will be enabled.
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|
* If partition type is Hash then *Modulus* and *Remainder* fields will be
|
|
enabled.
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|
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|
Users can create a partition and define them as a partitioned table. Click
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|
the *Edit* icon to expand the properties of a partition.
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|
Use the *Partition* tab to create that partition as a partitioned table.
|
|
|
|
* Move the *Partitioned Table?* switch to the *Yes* in case you want to create a
|
|
partitioned table.
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|
* Select a partition type from the *Partition Type* selection box.
|
|
* Use the *Partition Keys* panel to define the partition keys.
|
|
|
|
View of multi level Partitioned Table in object explorer:
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|
|
|
.. image:: images/table_partition_tree.png
|
|
:alt: Table dialog partition tree
|
|
:align: center
|
|
|
|
Click the *Parameter* tab to continue.
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|
|
|
.. image:: images/table_parameter.png
|
|
:alt: Table dialog parameter tab
|
|
:align: center
|
|
|
|
Use the tabs nested inside the *Parameter* tab to specify VACUUM and ANALYZE
|
|
thresholds; use the *Table* tab and the *Toast Table* tab to customize values
|
|
for the table and the associated toast table:
|
|
|
|
* Move the *Custom auto-vacuum?* switch to the *Yes* position to perform custom
|
|
maintenance on the table and to select values in the
|
|
*Vacuum table*. The *Vacuum Table* provides default values for maintenance
|
|
operations.
|
|
* Changing *Autovacuum enabled?* to *Not set* will reset autovacuum_enabled.
|
|
|
|
Provide a custom value in the *Value* column for each metric listed in the
|
|
*Label* column.
|
|
|
|
Click the *Security* tab to continue.
|
|
|
|
.. image:: images/table_security.png
|
|
:alt: Table dialog security tab
|
|
:align: center
|
|
|
|
Use the *Security* tab to assign privileges and define security labels.
|
|
|
|
Use the *Privileges* panel to assign privileges to a role. Click the *Add* icon
|
|
(+) to set privileges for database objects:
|
|
|
|
* Select the name of the role from the drop-down listbox in the *Grantee* field.
|
|
* Click inside the *Privileges* field. Check the boxes to the left of one or
|
|
more privileges to grant the selected privilege to the specified user.
|
|
* The current user, who is the default grantor for granting the privilege, is displayed in the *Grantor* field.
|
|
|
|
Click the *Add* icon (+) to assign additional privileges; to discard a
|
|
privilege, click the trash icon to the left of the row and confirm deletion in
|
|
the *Delete Row* popup.
|
|
|
|
Use the *Security Labels* panel to define security labels applied to the
|
|
function. Click the *Add* icon (+) to add each security label selection:
|
|
|
|
* Specify a security label provider in the *Provider* field. The named provider
|
|
must be loaded and must consent to the proposed labeling operation.
|
|
* Specify a a security label in the *Security Label* field. The meaning of a
|
|
given label is at the discretion of the label provider. PostgreSQL places no
|
|
restrictions on whether or how a label provider must interpret security
|
|
labels; it merely provides a mechanism for storing them.
|
|
|
|
Click the *Add* icon (+) to assign additional security labels; to discard a
|
|
security label, click the trash icon to the left of the row and confirm deletion
|
|
in the *Delete Row* popup.
|
|
|
|
Click the *SQL* tab to continue.
|
|
|
|
Your entries in the *Table* dialog generate a SQL command (see an example
|
|
below). Use the *SQL* tab for review; revisit or switch tabs to make any
|
|
changes to the SQL command.
|
|
|
|
Example
|
|
*******
|
|
|
|
The following is an example of the sql command generated by user selections in
|
|
the *Table* dialog:
|
|
|
|
.. image:: images/table_sql.png
|
|
:alt: Table dialog sql tab
|
|
:align: center
|
|
|
|
The example shown demonstrates creating a table named *jobhist*. It has
|
|
six columns and a primary key constraint on the *empno and startdate* column.
|
|
|
|
* Click the *Info* button (i) to access online help.
|
|
* Click the *Save* button to save work.
|
|
* Click the *Close* button to exit without saving work.
|
|
* Click the *Reset* button to restore configuration parameters.
|