mirror of
https://github.com/pgadmin-org/pgadmin4.git
synced 2024-11-29 12:03:52 -06:00
b64896f558
Fixed some more issues:
1) pgAdmin allows only true or false values for autovacuum_enabled,
and there is no way to reset it individually without disabling a custom auto vacuum.
To fix this, the control is changed from the switch to three state buttons.
2) Setting any vacuum options to zero made the option disappear from the SQL.
3) Right-click on a table with vacuum options set and create a new table.
4) The parameters tab will have the options prefilled.
5) Changed the UI a bit to remove unnecessary space around. Added "Autovacuum" before enabled.
The SQL generated was appending a ".0" to decimal vacuum options. Changed to remove the leading ".0".
553 lines
27 KiB
ReStructuredText
553 lines
27 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _table_dialog:
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*********************
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`Table Dialog`:index:
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*********************
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Use the *Table* dialog to create or modify a table.
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The *Table* dialog organizes the development of a table through the following
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dialog tabs: *General*, *Columns*, *Constraints*, *Advanced*, *Parameter*, and
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*Security*. The *SQL* tab displays the SQL code generated by dialog selections.
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.. image:: images/table_general.png
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:alt: Table dialog general tab
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:align: center
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Use the fields in the *General* tab to identify the table:
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* Use the *Name* field to add a descriptive name for the table. A table cannot
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have the same name as any existing table, sequence, index, view, foreign
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table, or data type in the same schema. The name specified will be displayed
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in the *pgAdmin* tree control. This field is required.
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* Select the owner of the table from the drop-down listbox in the *Owner* field.
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By default, the owner of the table is the role that creates the table.
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* Select the name of the schema in which the table will reside from the
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drop-down listbox in the *Schema* field.
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* Use the drop-down listbox in the *Tablespace* field to specify the tablespace
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in which the table will be stored.
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* Move the *Partitioned Table?* switch to the *Yes* in case you want to create a
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partitioned table. Option is available for PostgreSQL 10 and above.
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* Store notes about the table in the *Comment* field.
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Click the *Columns* tab to continue.
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.. image:: images/table_columns.png
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:alt: Table dialog columns tab
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:align: center
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Use the drop-down listbox next to *Inherited from table(s)* to specify any
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parent table(s); the table will inherit columns from the selected parent
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table(s). Click inside the *Inherited from table(s)* field to select a table
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name from a drop-down list. Repeat to add any other parent tables. Delete a
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selected table by clicking the *x* to the left of the parent name. Note that
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inherited column names and datatypes are not editable in the current dialog;
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they must be modified at the parent level.
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Click the *Add* icon (+) to specify the names of columns and their datatypes in
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the *Columns* table:
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* Use the *Name* field to add a descriptive name for the column.
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* Use the drop-down listbox in the *Data type* field to select a data type for
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the column. This can include array specifiers. For more information on the
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data types supported by PostgreSQL, refer to Chapter 8 of the core
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documentation.
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* If enabled, use the *Length/Precision* and *Scale* fields to specify the
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maximum number of significant digits in a numeric value, or the maximum
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number of characters in a text value.
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* Move the *Not NULL?* switch to the *Yes* position to require a value in the
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column field.
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* Move the *Primary key?* switch to the *Yes* position to specify the column is
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the primary key constraint.
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Click the *Add* icon (+) to add additional columns; to discard a column, click
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the trash icon to the left of the row and confirm deletion in the *Delete Row*
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popup.
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Click the *Constraints* tab to continue.
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.. image:: images/table_constraints.png
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:alt: Table dialog constraints tab
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:align: center
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Use the fields in the *Constraints* tab to provide a table or column constraint.
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Optional constraint clauses specify constraints (tests) that new or updated rows
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must satisfy for an *INSERT* or *UPDATE* operation to succeed. Select the
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appropriate constraint type by selecting one of the following tabs on the
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*Constraints* panel:
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.. table::
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:class: longtable
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:widths: 1 4
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+----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| Tab Name | Constraint |
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+================+=====================================================================================================================+
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| *Primary Key* | Provides a unique identifier for each row in the table. |
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+----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| *Foreign Key* | Maintains referential integrity between two tables. |
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+----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| *Check* | Requires data satisfies an expression or condition before insertion or modification. |
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+----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| *Unique* | Ensures that the data contained in a column, or a group of columns, is unique among all the rows in the table. |
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+----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| *Exclude* | Guarantees that if any two rows are compared on the specified column or expression (using the specified operator), |
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| | at least one of the operator comparisons will return false or null. |
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+----------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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To add a primary key for the table, select the *Primary Key* tab, and click the
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*Add* icon (+). To define the primary key, click the *Edit* icon to the left of
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the *Trash* icon. A dialog similar to the *Primary key* dialog (accessed by
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right clicking on *Constraints* in the *pgAdmin* tree control) opens.
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Use the fields in the *General* tab to identify the primary key:
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* Use the *Name* field to add a descriptive name for the primary key constraint.
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The name will be displayed in the *pgAdmin* tree control.
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* Provide notes about the primary key in the *Comment* field.
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Click the *Definition* tab to continue.
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.. image:: images/primary_key_definition.png
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:alt: Table dialog primary key constraint definition
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:align: center
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Use the fields in the *Definition* tab to define the primary key constraint:
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* Click inside the *Columns* field and select one or more column names from the
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drop-down listbox. To delete a selection, click the *x* to the left of the
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column name. The primary key constraint should be different from any unique
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constraint defined for the same table; the selected column(s) for the
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constraints must be distinct.
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* Select the name of the tablespace in which the primary key constraint will
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reside from the drop-down listbox in the *Tablespace* field.
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* Use the *Fill Factor* field to specify a fill factor for the table and index.
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The fill factor for a table is a percentage between 10 and 100. 100 (complete
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packing) is the default.
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* Move the *Deferrable?* switch to the *Yes* position to specify the timing of
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the constraint is deferrable and can be postponed until the end of the
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statement. The default is *No*.
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* If enabled, move the *Deferred?* switch to the *Yes* position to specify the
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timing of the constraint is deferred to the end of the statement. The default
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is *No*.
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.. image:: images/table_foreign_key.png
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:alt: Table dialog foreign key constrain
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:align: center
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To add a foreign key constraint, select the *Foreign Key* tab, and click the
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*Add* icon (+). To define the constraint, click the *Edit* icon to the left of
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the *Trash* icon. A dialog similar to the *Foreign key* dialog (accessed by
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right clicking on *Constraints* in the *pgAdmin* tree control) opens.
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Use the fields in the *General* tab to identify the foreign key constraint:
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* Use the *Name* field to add a descriptive name for the foreign key constraint.
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The name will be displayed in the *pgAdmin* tree control.
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* Provide notes about the foreign key in the *Comment* field.
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Click the *Definition* tab to continue.
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.. image:: images/foreign_key_definition.png
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:alt: Table dialog foreign key constraint definition
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:align: center
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Use the fields in the *Definition* tab to define the foreign key constraint:
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* Move the *Deferrable?* switch to the *Yes* position to specify the timing of
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the constraint is deferrable and can be postponed until the end of the
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statement. The default is *No*.
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* If enabled, move the *Deferred?* switch to the *Yes* position to specify the
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timing of the constraint is deferred to the end of the statement. The default
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is *No*.
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* Move the *Match type* switch specify the type of matching that is enforced by
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the constraint:
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* Select *Full* to indicate that all columns of a multicolumn foreign key
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must be null if any column is null; if all columns are null, the row is
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not required to have a match in the referenced table.
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* Select *Simple* to specify that a single foreign key column may be null;
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if any column is null, the row is not required to have a match in the
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referenced table.
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* Move the *Validated* switch to the *Yes* position to instruct the server to
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validate the existing table content (against a foreign key or check
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constraint) when you save modifications to this dialog.
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* Move the *Auto FK Index* switch to the *No* position to disable the automatic
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index feature.
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* The field next to *Covering Index* generates the name of an index if the *Auto
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FK Index* switch is in the *Yes* position; or, this field is disabled.
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Click the *Columns* tab to continue.
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.. image:: images/foreign_key_columns.png
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:alt: Table dialog foreign key constraint columns
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:align: center
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Use the fields in the *Columns* tab to specify one or more reference column(s).
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A Foreign Key constraint requires that one or more columns of a table must only
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contain values that match values in the referenced column(s) of a row of a
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referenced table:
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* Use the drop-down listbox next to *Local column* to specify the column in the
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current table that will be compared to the foreign table.
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* Use the drop-down listbox next to *References* to specify the name of the
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table in which the comparison column(s) resides.
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* Use the drop-down listbox next to *Referencing* to specify a column in the
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foreign table.
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Click the *Add* icon (+) to add a column to the list; repeat the steps above and
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click the *Add* icon (+) to add additional columns. To discard an entry, click
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the trash icon to the left of the entry and confirm deletion in the *Delete Row*
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popup.
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Click the *Action* tab to continue.
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.. image:: images/foreign_key_action.png
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:alt: Table dialog foreign key constraint action
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:align: center
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Use the drop-down listboxes on the *Action* tab to specify behavior related to
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the foreign key constraint that will be performed when data within the table is
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updated or deleted:
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* Use the drop-down listbox next to *On update* to select an action that will be
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performed when data in the table is updated.
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* Use the drop-down listbox next to *On delete* to select an action that will be
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performed when data in the table is deleted.
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The supported actions are:
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.. table::
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:class: longtable
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:widths: 1 4
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+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| NO ACTION | Produce an error indicating that the deletion or update will create a foreign key constraint violation. |
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| | If the constraint is deferred, this error will be produced at constraint check time if any referencing |
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| | rows still exist. This is the default. |
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+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| RESTRICT | Throw an error indicating that the deletion or update would create a foreign key constraint violation. |
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| | This is the same as NO ACTION except that the check is not deferrable. |
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+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| CASCADE | Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the values of the referencing column(s) to the new |
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| | values of the referenced columns, respectively. |
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+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| SET NULL | Set the referencing column(s) to null. |
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+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| SET DEFAULT | Set the referencing column(s) to their default values. There must be a row in the referenced table |
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| | that matches the default values (if they are not null), or the operation will fail. |
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+-------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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.. image:: images/table_check.png
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:alt: Table dialog check constraint
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:align: center
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To add a check constraint, select the *Check* tab on the panel, and click the
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*Add* icon (+). To define the check constraint, click the *Edit* icon to the
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left of the *Trash* icon. A dialog similar to the *Check* dialog (accessed by
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right clicking on *Constraints* in the *pgAdmin* tree control) opens.
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Use the fields in the *General* tab to identify the check constraint:
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* Use the *Name* field to add a descriptive name for the check constraint. The
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name will be displayed in the *pgAdmin* tree control. With PostgreSQL 9.5
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forward, when a table has multiple check constraints, they will be tested for
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each row in alphabetical order by name and after NOT NULL constraints.
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* Provide notes about the check constraint in the *Comment* field.
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Click the *Definition* tab to continue.
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.. image:: images/check_definition.png
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:alt: Table dialog check constraint definition
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:align: center
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Use the fields in the *Definition* tab to define the check constraint:
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* Provide the expression that a row must satisfy in the *Check* field. This
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field is required.
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* Move the *No Inherit?* switch to the *Yes* position to specify that this
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constraint is not automatically inherited by a table's children. The default
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is *No*, meaning that the constraint will be inherited by any children.
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* Move the *Don't validate?* switch to the *No* position to skip validation of
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existing data; the constraint may not hold for all rows in the table. The
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default is *Yes*.
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.. image:: images/table_unique.png
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:alt: Table dialog unique constraint
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:align: center
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To add a unique constraint, select the *Unique* tab on the panel, and click the
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*Add* icon (+). To define the constraint, click the *Edit* icon to the left of
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the *Trash* icon. A dialog similar to the *Unique constraint* dialog (accessed
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by right clicking on *Constraints* in the *pgAdmin* tree control) opens.
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Use the fields in the *General* tab to identify the unique constraint:
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* Use the *Name* field to add a descriptive name for the unique constraint. The
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name will be displayed in the *pgAdmin* tree control.
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* Provide notes about the unique constraint in the *Comment* field.
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Click the *Definition* tab to continue.
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.. image:: images/unique_constraint_definition.png
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:alt: Table dialog unique constraint definition
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:align: center
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Use the fields in the *Definition* tab to define the unique constraint:
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* Click inside the *Columns* field and select one or more column names from the
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drop-down listbox. To delete a selection, click the *x* to the left of the
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column name. The unique constraint should be different from the primary key
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constraint defined for the same table; the selected column(s) for the
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constraints must be distinct.
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* Select the name of the tablespace in which the unique constraint will reside
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from the drop-down listbox in the *Tablespace* field.
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* Use the *Fill Factor* field to specify a fill factor for the table and index.
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The fill factor for a table is a percentage between 10 and 100. 100 (complete
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packing) is the default.
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* Move the *Deferrable?* switch to the *Yes* position to specify the timing of
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the constraint is deferrable and can be postponed until the end of the
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statement. The default is *No*.
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* If enabled, move the *Deferred?* switch to the *Yes* position to specify the
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timing of the constraint is deferred to the end of the statement. The default
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is *No*.
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.. image:: images/table_exclude.png
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:alt: Table dialog exclude constraint
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:align: center
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To add an exclusion constraint, select the *Exclude* tab on the panel, and click
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the *Add* icon (+). To define the constraint, click the *Edit* icon to the left
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of the *Trash* icon. A dialog similar to the *Exclusion constraint* dialog
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(accessed by right clicking on *Constraints* in the *pgAdmin* tree control)
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opens.
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Use the fields in the *General* tab to identify the exclusion constraint:
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* Use the *Name* field to provide a descriptive name for the exclusion
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constraint. The name will be displayed in the *pgAdmin* tree control.
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* Provide notes about the exclusion constraint in the *Comment* field.
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Click the *Definition* tab to continue.
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.. image:: images/exclusion_constraint_definition.png
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:alt: Table dialog exclusion constraint definition
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:align: center
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Use the fields in the *Definition* tab to define the exclusion constraint:
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* Use the drop-down listbox next to *Tablespace* to select the tablespace in
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which the index associated with the exclude constraint will reside.
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* Use the drop-down listbox next to *Access method* to specify the type of
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index that will be used when implementing the exclusion constraint:
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* Select *gist* to specify a GiST index (the default).
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* Select *spgist* to specify a space-partitioned GiST index.
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* Select *btree* to specify a B-tree index.
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* Select *hash* to specify a hash index.
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* Use the *Fill Factor* field to specify a fill factor for the table and
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associated index. The fill factor is a percentage between 10 and 100. 100
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(complete packing) is the default.
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* Move the *Deferrable?* switch to the *Yes* position to specify that the timing
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of the constraint is deferrable, and can be postponed until the end of the
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statement. The default is *No*.
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* If enabled, move the *Deferred?* switch to the *Yes* position to specify the
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timing of the constraint is deferred to the end of the statement. The default
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is *No*.
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* Use the *Constraint* field to provide a condition that a row must satisfy to
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be included in the table.
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Click the *Columns* tab to continue.
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.. image:: images/exclusion_constraint_columns.png
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:alt: Table dialog exclusion constraint columns
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:align: center
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Use the fields in the *Columns* tab to to specify the column(s) to which the
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constraint applies. Use the drop-down listbox next to *Column* to select a
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column and click the *Add* icon (+) to provide details of the action on the
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column:
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* The *Column* field is populated with the selection made in the *Column*
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drop-down listbox.
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* If applicable, use the drop-down listbox in the *Operator class* to specify
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the operator class that will be used by the index for the column.
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* Move the *DESC* switch to *DESC* to specify a descending sort order. The
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default is *ASC* which specifies an ascending sort order.
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* Move the *NULLs order* switch to *LAST* to define an ascending sort order for
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NULLs. The default is *FIRST* which specifies a descending order.
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* Use the drop-down list next to *Operator* to specify a comparison or
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conditional operator.
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Click the *Advanced* tab to continue.
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.. image:: images/table_advanced.png
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:alt: Table dialog advanced tab
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:align: center
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Use the fields in the *Advanced* tab to define advanced features for the table:
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* Use the drop-down listbox next to *Of type* to copy the table structure from
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the specified composite type. Please note that a typed table will be dropped
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if the type is dropped (with DROP TYPE ... CASCADE).
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* Use the *Fill Factor* field to specify a fill factor for the table. The fill
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factor for a table is a percentage between 10 and 100. 100 (complete packing)
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is the default.
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* Use the *Toast tuple target* field to set toast_tuple_target storage
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parameter of the table. The toast_tuple_target value is in bytes and has
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minimum value of 128. This field will be enabled only for
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PostgreSQL version >= 11
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* Use the *Parallel workers* field to set parallel_workers storage
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parameter of the table. The parallel_workers sets the number of workers that
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should be used to assist a parallel scan of the table. This field will be
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enabled only for PostgreSQL version >= 9.6
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* Move the *Has OIDs?* switch to the *Yes* position to specify that each row
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within a table has a system-assigned object identifier. The default is *No*.
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* Move the *Unlogged?* switch to the *Yes* position to disable logging for the
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table. Data written to an unlogged table is not written to the write-ahead
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log. Any indexes created on an unlogged table are automatically unlogged as
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well. The default is *No*.
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Use the fields in the **Like** box to specify which attributes of an existing
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table from which a table will automatically copy column names, data types, and
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not-null constraints; after saving the new or modified table, any changes to
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the original table will not be applied to the new table.
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* Use the drop-down listbox next to *Relation* to select a reference table.
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* Move the *With default values?* switch to the *Yes* position to copy default
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values.
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* Move the *With constraints?* switch to the *Yes* position to copy table and
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column constraints.
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* Move the *With indexes?* switch to the *Yes* position to copy indexes.
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* Move the *With storage?* switch to the *Yes* position to copy storage settings.
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* Move the *With comments?* switch to the *Yes* position to copy comments.
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With PostgreSQL 10 forward, the *Partition* tab will be visible.
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Click the *Partition* tab to continue.
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.. image:: images/table_partition.png
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:alt: Table dialog partition tab
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:align: center
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Use the fields in the *partition* tab to create the partitions for the table:
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* Select a partition type from the *Partition Type* selection box. There are 3
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options available; Range, List and Hash. Hash option will only enable for
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PostgreSQL version >= 11.
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Use the *Partition Keys* panel to define the partition keys. Click the *Add*
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icon (+) to add each partition keys selection:
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* Select a partition key type in the *Keytype* field.
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* Select a partition column in the *Column* field if Column option selected for
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*Keytype* field .
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* Specify the expression in the *Expression* field if Expression option selected
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for the *Keytype* field.
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Use the *Partitions* panel to define the partitions of a table. Click the *Add*
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|
icon (+) to add each partition:
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* Move the *Operation* switch to *attach* to attach the partition, by default it
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|
is *create*.
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* Use the *Name* field to add the name of the partition.
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* If partition type is Range or List then *Default* field will be enabled.
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* If partition type is Range then *From* and *To* fields will be enabled.
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* If partition type is List then *In* field will be enabled.
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* If partition type is Hash then *Modulus* and *Remainder* fields will be
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|
enabled.
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|
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Users can create a partition and define them as a partitioned table. Click
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|
the *Edit* icon to expand the properties of a partition.
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Use the *Partition* tab to create that partition as a partitioned table.
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|
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* Move the *Partitioned Table?* switch to the *Yes* in case you want to create a
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|
partitioned table.
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|
* Select a partition type from the *Partition Type* selection box.
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|
* Use the *Partition Keys* panel to define the partition keys.
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|
|
|
View of multi level Partitioned Table in browser tree:
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|
|
|
.. image:: images/table_partition_tree.png
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|
:alt: Table dialog partition tree
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|
:align: center
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|
|
|
Click the *Parameter* tab to continue.
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|
|
|
.. image:: images/table_parameter.png
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|
:alt: Table dialog parameter tab
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|
:align: center
|
|
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|
Use the tabs nested inside the *Parameter* tab to specify VACUUM and ANALYZE
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|
thresholds; use the *Table* tab and the *Toast Table* tab to customize values
|
|
for the table and the associated toast table:
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|
|
|
* Move the *Custom auto-vacuum?* switch to the *Yes* position to perform custom
|
|
maintenance on the table and to select values in the
|
|
*Vacuum table*. The *Vacuum Table* provides default values for maintenance
|
|
operations.
|
|
* Changing *Autovacuum enabled?* to *Not set* will reset autovacuum_enabled.
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|
|
|
Provide a custom value in the *Value* column for each metric listed in the
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|
*Label* column.
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|
|
|
Click the *Security* tab to continue.
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|
|
|
.. image:: images/table_security.png
|
|
:alt: Table dialog security tab
|
|
:align: center
|
|
|
|
Use the *Security* tab to assign privileges and define security labels.
|
|
|
|
Use the *Privileges* panel to assign privileges to a role. Click the *Add* icon
|
|
(+) to set privileges for database objects:
|
|
|
|
* Select the name of the role from the drop-down listbox in the *Grantee* field.
|
|
* Click inside the *Privileges* field. Check the boxes to the left of one or
|
|
more privileges to grant the selected privilege to the specified user.
|
|
* The current user, who is the default grantor for granting the privilege, is displayed in the *Grantor* field.
|
|
|
|
Click the *Add* icon (+) to assign additional privileges; to discard a
|
|
privilege, click the trash icon to the left of the row and confirm deletion in
|
|
the *Delete Row* popup.
|
|
|
|
Use the *Security Labels* panel to define security labels applied to the
|
|
function. Click the *Add* icon (+) to add each security label selection:
|
|
|
|
* Specify a security label provider in the *Provider* field. The named provider
|
|
must be loaded and must consent to the proposed labeling operation.
|
|
* Specify a a security label in the *Security Label* field. The meaning of a
|
|
given label is at the discretion of the label provider. PostgreSQL places no
|
|
restrictions on whether or how a label provider must interpret security
|
|
labels; it merely provides a mechanism for storing them.
|
|
|
|
Click the *Add* icon (+) to assign additional security labels; to discard a
|
|
security label, click the trash icon to the left of the row and confirm deletion
|
|
in the *Delete Row* popup.
|
|
|
|
Click the *SQL* tab to continue.
|
|
|
|
Your entries in the *Table* dialog generate a SQL command (see an example
|
|
below). Use the *SQL* tab for review; revisit or switch tabs to make any
|
|
changes to the SQL command.
|
|
|
|
Example
|
|
*******
|
|
|
|
The following is an example of the sql command generated by user selections in
|
|
the *Table* dialog:
|
|
|
|
.. image:: images/table_sql.png
|
|
:alt: Table dialog sql tab
|
|
:align: center
|
|
|
|
The example shown demonstrates creating a table named *product_category*. It has
|
|
three columns and a primary key constraint on the *category_id* column.
|
|
|
|
* Click the *Info* button (i) to access online help.
|
|
* Click the *Save* button to save work.
|
|
* Click the *Cancel* button to exit without saving work.
|
|
* Click the *Reset* button to restore configuration parameters.
|