Make code role highlighting consistent with code-block directive

Fixes https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/5157

This is factored out of the sphinx-immaterial theme:
1ef121a612/sphinx_immaterial/inlinesyntaxhighlight.py (L1)

See also:
https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/pull/6916

tests/roots/test-reST-code-role/index.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+.. role:: python(code)
+   :language: python
+   :class: highlight
+
+Inline :python:`def foo(1 + 2 + None + "abc"): pass` code block
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   def foo(1 + 2 + None + "abc"): pass

tests/test_build_html.py

@@ -1718,3 +1718,27 @@ def test_html_signaturereturn_icon(app):
     content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text()
 
     assert ('<span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span>' in content)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='reST-code-role')
+def test_html_code_role(app):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text()
+
+    common_content = (
+        '<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">foo</span>'
+        '<span class="p">(</span>'
+        '<span class="mi">1</span> '
+        '<span class="o">+</span> '
+        '<span class="mi">2</span> '
+        '<span class="o">+</span> '
+        '<span class="kc">None</span> '
+        '<span class="o">+</span> '
+        '<span class="s2">&quot;abc&quot;</span>'
+        '<span class="p">):</span> '
+        '<span class="k">pass</span>')
+    assert ('<p>Inline <code class="code highlight python docutils literal highlight-python">' +
+            common_content + '</code> code block</p>') in content
+    assert ('<div class="highlight-python notranslate">' +
+            '<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>' +
+            common_content) in content

tests/test_build_latex.py

@@ -1628,3 +1628,30 @@ def test_latex_container(app, status, warning):
     result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text()
     assert r'\begin{sphinxuseclass}{classname}' in result
     assert r'\end{sphinxuseclass}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='reST-code-role')
+def test_latex_code_role(app):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text()
+
+    common_content = (
+        r'\PYG{k}{def} '
+        r'\PYG{n+nf}{foo}'
+        r'\PYG{p}{(}'
+        r'\PYG{l+m+mi}{1} '
+        r'\PYG{o}{+} '
+        r'\PYG{l+m+mi}{2} '
+        r'\PYG{o}{+} '
+        r'\PYG{k+kc}{None} '
+        r'\PYG{o}{+} '
+        r'\PYG{l+s+s2}{\PYGZdq{}}'
+        r'\PYG{l+s+s2}{abc}'
+        r'\PYG{l+s+s2}{\PYGZdq{}}'
+        r'\PYG{p}{)}'
+        r'\PYG{p}{:} '
+        r'\PYG{k}{pass}')
+    assert (r'Inline \sphinxcode{\sphinxupquote{' + '\n' +
+            common_content + '\n}} code block') in content
+    assert (r'\begin{sphinxVerbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]' +
+            '\n' + common_content + '\n' + r'\end{sphinxVerbatim}') in content