diff --git a/CHANGES b/CHANGES
index 968e4a24c..9a481b588 100644
--- a/CHANGES
+++ b/CHANGES
@@ -21,9 +21,7 @@ Deprecated
 * ``sphinx.roles.Index``
 * ``sphinx.util.detect_encoding()``
 * ``sphinx.util.get_module_source()``
-* ``sphinx.util.inspect.Signature.format_annotation()``
-* ``sphinx.util.inspect.Signature.format_annotation_new()``
-* ``sphinx.util.inspect.Signature.format_annotation_old()``
+* ``sphinx.util.inspect.Signature``
 
 Features added
 --------------
@@ -36,6 +34,7 @@ Features added
 * #6696: html: ``:scale:`` option of image/figure directive not working for SVG
   images (imagesize-1.2.0 or above is required)
 * #6994: imgconverter: Support illustrator file (.ai) to .png conversion
+* autodoc: Support Positional-Only Argument separator (PEP-570 compliant)
 * SphinxTranslator now calls visitor/departure method for super node class if
   visitor/departure method for original node class not found
 
@@ -47,6 +46,7 @@ Bugs fixed
 * #6961: latex: warning for babel shown twice
 * #6559: Wrong node-ids are generated in glossary directive
 * #6986: apidoc: misdetects module name for .so file inside module
+* #6999: napoleon: fails to parse tilde in :exc: role
 
 Testing
 --------
diff --git a/doc/extdev/deprecated.rst b/doc/extdev/deprecated.rst
index ec6db2c16..6c2b05816 100644
--- a/doc/extdev/deprecated.rst
+++ b/doc/extdev/deprecated.rst
@@ -81,20 +81,11 @@ The following is a list of deprecated interfaces.
      - 4.0
      - N/A
 
-   * - ``sphinx.util.inspect.Signature.format_annotation()``
+   * - ``sphinx.util.inspect.Signature``
      - 2.4
      - 4.0
-     - ``sphinx.util.typing.stringify()``
-
-   * - ``sphinx.util.inspect.Signature.format_annotation_new()``
-     - 2.4
-     - 4.0
-     - ``sphinx.util.typing.stringify()``
-
-   * - ``sphinx.util.inspect.Signature.format_annotation_old()``
-     - 2.4
-     - 4.0
-     - ``sphinx.util.typing.stringify()``
+     - ``sphinx.util.inspect.signature`` and
+       ``sphinx.util.inspect.stringify_signature()``
 
    * - ``sphinx.builders.gettext.POHEADER``
      - 2.3
diff --git a/sphinx/domains/std.py b/sphinx/domains/std.py
index 90c03c9a4..c109b763b 100644
--- a/sphinx/domains/std.py
+++ b/sphinx/domains/std.py
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ def make_glossary_term(env: "BuildEnvironment", textnodes: Iterable[Node], index
 
     if node_id:
         # node_id is given from outside (mainly i18n module), use it forcedly
-        pass
+        term['ids'].append(node_id)
     elif document:
         node_id = make_id(env, document, 'term', termtext)
         term['ids'].append(node_id)
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/autodoc/__init__.py b/sphinx/ext/autodoc/__init__.py
index 8c5ace92a..2124b2d25 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/autodoc/__init__.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/autodoc/__init__.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ from sphinx.util import logging
 from sphinx.util import rpartition
 from sphinx.util.docstrings import prepare_docstring
 from sphinx.util.inspect import (
-    Signature, getdoc, object_description, safe_getattr, safe_getmembers
+    getdoc, object_description, safe_getattr, safe_getmembers, stringify_signature
 )
 
 if False:
@@ -983,9 +983,10 @@ class FunctionDocumenter(DocstringSignatureMixin, ModuleLevelDocumenter):  # typ
                     not inspect.isbuiltin(self.object) and
                     not inspect.isclass(self.object) and
                     hasattr(self.object, '__call__')):
-                args = Signature(self.object.__call__).format_args(**kwargs)
+                sig = inspect.signature(self.object.__call__)
             else:
-                args = Signature(self.object).format_args(**kwargs)
+                sig = inspect.signature(self.object)
+            args = stringify_signature(sig, **kwargs)
         except TypeError:
             if (inspect.is_builtin_class_method(self.object, '__new__') and
                inspect.is_builtin_class_method(self.object, '__init__')):
@@ -995,11 +996,11 @@ class FunctionDocumenter(DocstringSignatureMixin, ModuleLevelDocumenter):  # typ
             # typing) we try to use the constructor signature as function
             # signature without the first argument.
             try:
-                sig = Signature(self.object.__new__, bound_method=True, has_retval=False)
-                args = sig.format_args(**kwargs)
+                sig = inspect.signature(self.object.__new__, bound_method=True)
+                args = stringify_signature(sig, show_return_annotation=False, **kwargs)
             except TypeError:
-                sig = Signature(self.object.__init__, bound_method=True, has_retval=False)
-                args = sig.format_args(**kwargs)
+                sig = inspect.signature(self.object.__init__, bound_method=True)
+                args = stringify_signature(sig, show_return_annotation=False, **kwargs)
 
         # escape backslashes for reST
         args = args.replace('\\', '\\\\')
@@ -1080,8 +1081,8 @@ class ClassDocumenter(DocstringSignatureMixin, ModuleLevelDocumenter):  # type:
                 not(inspect.ismethod(initmeth) or inspect.isfunction(initmeth)):
             return None
         try:
-            sig = Signature(initmeth, bound_method=True, has_retval=False)
-            return sig.format_args(**kwargs)
+            sig = inspect.signature(initmeth, bound_method=True)
+            return stringify_signature(sig, show_return_annotation=False, **kwargs)
         except TypeError:
             # still not possible: happens e.g. for old-style classes
             # with __init__ in C
@@ -1283,9 +1284,11 @@ class MethodDocumenter(DocstringSignatureMixin, ClassLevelDocumenter):  # type:
             # can never get arguments of a C function or method
             return None
         if inspect.isstaticmethod(self.object, cls=self.parent, name=self.object_name):
-            args = Signature(self.object, bound_method=False).format_args(**kwargs)
+            sig = inspect.signature(self.object, bound_method=False)
         else:
-            args = Signature(self.object, bound_method=True).format_args(**kwargs)
+            sig = inspect.signature(self.object, bound_method=True)
+        args = stringify_signature(sig, **kwargs)
+
         # escape backslashes for reST
         args = args.replace('\\', '\\\\')
         return args
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/napoleon/docstring.py b/sphinx/ext/napoleon/docstring.py
index a06a79cea..81f2496cb 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/napoleon/docstring.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/napoleon/docstring.py
@@ -101,8 +101,8 @@ class GoogleDocstring:
 
     """
 
-    _name_rgx = re.compile(r"^\s*((?::(?P<role>\S+):)?`(?P<name>[a-zA-Z0-9_.-]+)`|"
-                           r" (?P<name2>[a-zA-Z0-9_.-]+))\s*", re.X)
+    _name_rgx = re.compile(r"^\s*((?::(?P<role>\S+):)?`(?P<name>~?[a-zA-Z0-9_.-]+)`|"
+                           r" (?P<name2>~?[a-zA-Z0-9_.-]+))\s*", re.X)
 
     def __init__(self, docstring: Union[str, List[str]], config: SphinxConfig = None,
                  app: Sphinx = None, what: str = '', name: str = '',
diff --git a/sphinx/util/inspect.py b/sphinx/util/inspect.py
index 967a10d51..8d3392500 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/inspect.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/inspect.py
@@ -315,6 +315,108 @@ def is_builtin_class_method(obj: Any, attr_name: str) -> bool:
     return getattr(builtins, safe_getattr(cls, '__name__', '')) is cls
 
 
+def signature(subject: Callable, bound_method: bool = False) -> inspect.Signature:
+    """Return a Signature object for the given *subject*.
+
+    :param bound_method: Specify *subject* is a bound method or not
+    """
+    # check subject is not a built-in class (ex. int, str)
+    if (isinstance(subject, type) and
+            is_builtin_class_method(subject, "__new__") and
+            is_builtin_class_method(subject, "__init__")):
+        raise TypeError("can't compute signature for built-in type {}".format(subject))
+
+    try:
+        signature = inspect.signature(subject)
+        parameters = list(signature.parameters.values())
+        return_annotation = signature.return_annotation
+    except IndexError:
+        # Until python 3.6.4, cpython has been crashed on inspection for
+        # partialmethods not having any arguments.
+        # https://bugs.python.org/issue33009
+        if hasattr(subject, '_partialmethod'):
+            parameters = []
+            return_annotation = inspect.Parameter.empty
+        else:
+            raise
+
+    try:
+        # Update unresolved annotations using ``get_type_hints()``.
+        annotations = typing.get_type_hints(subject)
+        for i, param in enumerate(parameters):
+            if isinstance(param.annotation, str) and param.name in annotations:
+                parameters[i] = param.replace(annotation=annotations[param.name])
+        if 'return' in annotations:
+            return_annotation = annotations['return']
+    except Exception:
+        # ``get_type_hints()`` does not support some kind of objects like partial,
+        # ForwardRef and so on.
+        pass
+
+    if bound_method:
+        if inspect.ismethod(subject):
+            # ``inspect.signature()`` considers the subject is a bound method and removes
+            # first argument from signature.  Therefore no skips are needed here.
+            pass
+        else:
+            if len(parameters) > 0:
+                parameters.pop(0)
+
+    return inspect.Signature(parameters, return_annotation=return_annotation)
+
+
+def stringify_signature(sig: inspect.Signature, show_annotation: bool = True,
+                        show_return_annotation: bool = True) -> str:
+    """Stringify a Signature object.
+
+    :param show_annotation: Show annotation in result
+    """
+    args = []
+    last_kind = None
+    for param in sig.parameters.values():
+        if param.kind != param.POSITIONAL_ONLY and last_kind == param.POSITIONAL_ONLY:
+            # PEP-570: Separator for Positional Only Parameter: /
+            args.append('/')
+        elif param.kind == param.KEYWORD_ONLY and last_kind in (param.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD,
+                                                                param.POSITIONAL_ONLY,
+                                                                None):
+            # PEP-3102: Separator for Keyword Only Parameter: *
+            args.append('*')
+
+        arg = StringIO()
+        if param.kind == param.VAR_POSITIONAL:
+            arg.write('*' + param.name)
+        elif param.kind == param.VAR_KEYWORD:
+            arg.write('**' + param.name)
+        else:
+            arg.write(param.name)
+
+        if show_annotation and param.annotation is not param.empty:
+            arg.write(': ')
+            arg.write(stringify_annotation(param.annotation))
+        if param.default is not param.empty:
+            if show_annotation and param.annotation is not param.empty:
+                arg.write(' = ')
+            else:
+                arg.write('=')
+            arg.write(object_description(param.default))
+
+        args.append(arg.getvalue())
+        last_kind = param.kind
+
+    if last_kind == inspect.Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY:
+        # PEP-570: Separator for Positional Only Parameter: /
+        args.append('/')
+
+    if (sig.return_annotation is inspect.Parameter.empty or
+            show_annotation is False or
+            show_return_annotation is False):
+        return '(%s)' % ', '.join(args)
+    else:
+        annotation = stringify_annotation(sig.return_annotation)
+        return '(%s) -> %s' % (', '.join(args), annotation)
+
+
 class Parameter:
     """Fake parameter class for python2."""
     POSITIONAL_ONLY = 0
@@ -342,6 +444,9 @@ class Signature:
 
     def __init__(self, subject: Callable, bound_method: bool = False,
                  has_retval: bool = True) -> None:
+        warnings.warn('sphinx.util.inspect.Signature() is deprecated',
+                      RemovedInSphinx40Warning)
+
         # check subject is not a built-in class (ex. int, str)
         if (isinstance(subject, type) and
                 is_builtin_class_method(subject, "__new__") and
@@ -467,20 +572,14 @@ class Signature:
 
     def format_annotation(self, annotation: Any) -> str:
         """Return formatted representation of a type annotation."""
-        warnings.warn('format_annotation() is deprecated',
-                      RemovedInSphinx40Warning)
         return stringify_annotation(annotation)
 
     def format_annotation_new(self, annotation: Any) -> str:
         """format_annotation() for py37+"""
-        warnings.warn('format_annotation_new() is deprecated',
-                      RemovedInSphinx40Warning)
         return stringify_annotation(annotation)
 
     def format_annotation_old(self, annotation: Any) -> str:
         """format_annotation() for py36 or below"""
-        warnings.warn('format_annotation_old() is deprecated',
-                      RemovedInSphinx40Warning)
         return stringify_annotation(annotation)
 
 
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/pep570.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/pep570.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..904692eeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/pep570.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+def foo(a, b, /, c, d):
+    pass
+
+def bar(a, b, /):
+    pass
diff --git a/tests/test_autodoc.py b/tests/test_autodoc.py
index 35e0e5367..bd13cf6c2 100644
--- a/tests/test_autodoc.py
+++ b/tests/test_autodoc.py
@@ -1318,13 +1318,13 @@ def test_partialmethod(app):
         '   refs: https://docs.python.jp/3/library/functools.html#functools.partialmethod',
         '   ',
         '   ',
-        '   .. py:method:: Cell.set_alive() -> None',
+        '   .. py:method:: Cell.set_alive()',
         '      :module: target.partialmethod',
         '   ',
         '      Make a cell alive.',
         '      ',
         '   ',
-        '   .. py:method:: Cell.set_dead() -> None',
+        '   .. py:method:: Cell.set_dead()',
         '      :module: target.partialmethod',
         '   ',
         '      Make a cell dead.',
@@ -1336,11 +1336,6 @@ def test_partialmethod(app):
         '      Update state of cell to *state*.',
         '      ',
     ]
-    if (sys.version_info < (3, 5, 4) or
-            (3, 6, 5) <= sys.version_info < (3, 7) or
-            (3, 7, 0, 'beta', 3) <= sys.version_info):
-        # TODO: this condition should be updated after 3.7-final release.
-        expected = '\n'.join(expected).replace(' -> None', '').split('\n')
 
     options = {"members": None}
     actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.partialmethod.Cell', options)
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_napoleon_docstring.py b/tests/test_ext_napoleon_docstring.py
index 9547a9d2b..2ce754eff 100644
--- a/tests/test_ext_napoleon_docstring.py
+++ b/tests/test_ext_napoleon_docstring.py
@@ -479,6 +479,8 @@ Raises:
         If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
     `InvalidArgumentsError`
         If the arguments are invalid.
+    :exc:`~ValueError`
+        If the arguments are wrong.
 
 """, """
 Example Function
@@ -488,6 +490,7 @@ Example Function
 :raises AttributeError: errors for missing attributes.
 :raises ~InvalidDimensionsError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
 :raises InvalidArgumentsError: If the arguments are invalid.
+:raises ~ValueError: If the arguments are wrong.
 """),
                       ################################
                       ("""
diff --git a/tests/test_util_inspect.py b/tests/test_util_inspect.py
index 2f4631965..5e035c6a9 100644
--- a/tests/test_util_inspect.py
+++ b/tests/test_util_inspect.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import types
 import pytest
 
 from sphinx.util import inspect
+from sphinx.util.inspect import stringify_signature
 
 
 def test_getargspec():
@@ -89,39 +90,39 @@ def test_getargspec_bound_methods():
     assert expected_bound == inspect.getargspec(wrapped_bound_method)
 
 
-def test_Signature():
+def test_signature():
     # literals
     with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-        inspect.Signature(1)
+        inspect.signature(1)
 
     with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-        inspect.Signature('')
+        inspect.signature('')
 
     # builitin classes
     with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-        inspect.Signature(int)
+        inspect.signature(int)
 
     with pytest.raises(TypeError):
-        inspect.Signature(str)
+        inspect.signature(str)
 
     # normal function
     def func(a, b, c=1, d=2, *e, **f):
         pass
 
-    sig = inspect.Signature(func).format_args()
+    sig = inspect.stringify_signature(inspect.signature(func))
     assert sig == '(a, b, c=1, d=2, *e, **f)'
 
 
-def test_Signature_partial():
+def test_signature_partial():
     def fun(a, b, c=1, d=2):
         pass
     p = functools.partial(fun, 10, c=11)
 
-    sig = inspect.Signature(p).format_args()
-    assert sig == '(b, *, c=11, d=2)'
+    sig = inspect.signature(p)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(b, *, c=11, d=2)'
 
 
-def test_Signature_methods():
+def test_signature_methods():
     class Foo:
         def meth1(self, arg1, **kwargs):
             pass
@@ -139,36 +140,36 @@ def test_Signature_methods():
         pass
 
     # unbound method
-    sig = inspect.Signature(Foo.meth1).format_args()
-    assert sig == '(self, arg1, **kwargs)'
+    sig = inspect.signature(Foo.meth1)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(self, arg1, **kwargs)'
 
-    sig = inspect.Signature(Foo.meth1, bound_method=True).format_args()
-    assert sig == '(arg1, **kwargs)'
+    sig = inspect.signature(Foo.meth1, bound_method=True)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg1, **kwargs)'
 
     # bound method
-    sig = inspect.Signature(Foo().meth1).format_args()
-    assert sig == '(arg1, **kwargs)'
+    sig = inspect.signature(Foo().meth1)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg1, **kwargs)'
 
     # class method
-    sig = inspect.Signature(Foo.meth2).format_args()
-    assert sig == '(arg1, *args, **kwargs)'
+    sig = inspect.signature(Foo.meth2)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg1, *args, **kwargs)'
 
-    sig = inspect.Signature(Foo().meth2).format_args()
-    assert sig == '(arg1, *args, **kwargs)'
+    sig = inspect.signature(Foo().meth2)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg1, *args, **kwargs)'
 
     # static method
-    sig = inspect.Signature(Foo.meth3).format_args()
-    assert sig == '(arg1, *args, **kwargs)'
+    sig = inspect.signature(Foo.meth3)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg1, *args, **kwargs)'
 
-    sig = inspect.Signature(Foo().meth3).format_args()
-    assert sig == '(arg1, *args, **kwargs)'
+    sig = inspect.signature(Foo().meth3)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg1, *args, **kwargs)'
 
     # wrapped bound method
-    sig = inspect.Signature(wrapped_bound_method).format_args()
-    assert sig == '(arg1, **kwargs)'
+    sig = inspect.signature(wrapped_bound_method)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg1, **kwargs)'
 
 
-def test_Signature_partialmethod():
+def test_signature_partialmethod():
     from functools import partialmethod
 
     class Foo:
@@ -183,115 +184,129 @@ def test_Signature_partialmethod():
         baz = partialmethod(meth2, 1, 2)
 
     subject = Foo()
-    sig = inspect.Signature(subject.foo).format_args()
-    assert sig == '(arg3=None, arg4=None)'
+    sig = inspect.signature(subject.foo)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg3=None, arg4=None)'
 
-    sig = inspect.Signature(subject.bar).format_args()
-    assert sig == '(arg2, *, arg3=3, arg4=None)'
+    sig = inspect.signature(subject.bar)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg2, *, arg3=3, arg4=None)'
 
-    sig = inspect.Signature(subject.baz).format_args()
-    assert sig == '()'
+    sig = inspect.signature(subject.baz)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '()'
 
 
-def test_Signature_annotations():
+def test_signature_annotations():
     from typing_test_data import (f0, f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8, f9, f10,
                                   f11, f12, f13, f14, f15, f16, f17, f18, f19, Node)
 
     # Class annotations
-    sig = inspect.Signature(f0).format_args()
-    assert sig == '(x: int, y: numbers.Integral) -> None'
+    sig = inspect.signature(f0)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: int, y: numbers.Integral) -> None'
 
     # Generic types with concrete parameters
-    sig = inspect.Signature(f1).format_args()
-    assert sig == '(x: List[int]) -> List[int]'
+    sig = inspect.signature(f1)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: List[int]) -> List[int]'
 
     # TypeVars and generic types with TypeVars
-    sig = inspect.Signature(f2).format_args()
-    assert sig == '(x: List[T], y: List[T_co], z: T) -> List[T_contra]'
+    sig = inspect.signature(f2)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: List[T], y: List[T_co], z: T) -> List[T_contra]'
 
     # Union types
-    sig = inspect.Signature(f3).format_args()
-    assert sig == '(x: Union[str, numbers.Integral]) -> None'
+    sig = inspect.signature(f3)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: Union[str, numbers.Integral]) -> None'
 
     # Quoted annotations
-    sig = inspect.Signature(f4).format_args()
-    assert sig == '(x: str, y: str) -> None'
+    sig = inspect.signature(f4)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: str, y: str) -> None'
 
     # Keyword-only arguments
-    sig = inspect.Signature(f5).format_args()
-    assert sig == '(x: int, *, y: str, z: str) -> None'
+    sig = inspect.signature(f5)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: int, *, y: str, z: str) -> None'
 
     # Keyword-only arguments with varargs
-    sig = inspect.Signature(f6).format_args()
-    assert sig == '(x: int, *args, y: str, z: str) -> None'
+    sig = inspect.signature(f6)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: int, *args, y: str, z: str) -> None'
 
     # Space around '=' for defaults
-    sig = inspect.Signature(f7).format_args()
-    assert sig == '(x: int = None, y: dict = {}) -> None'
+    sig = inspect.signature(f7)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: int = None, y: dict = {}) -> None'
 
     # Callable types
-    sig = inspect.Signature(f8).format_args()
-    assert sig == '(x: Callable[[int, str], int]) -> None'
+    sig = inspect.signature(f8)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: Callable[[int, str], int]) -> None'
 
-    sig = inspect.Signature(f9).format_args()
-    assert sig == '(x: Callable) -> None'
+    sig = inspect.signature(f9)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: Callable) -> None'
 
     # Tuple types
-    sig = inspect.Signature(f10).format_args()
-    assert sig == '(x: Tuple[int, str], y: Tuple[int, ...]) -> None'
+    sig = inspect.signature(f10)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: Tuple[int, str], y: Tuple[int, ...]) -> None'
 
     # Instance annotations
-    sig = inspect.Signature(f11).format_args()
-    assert sig == '(x: CustomAnnotation, y: 123) -> None'
-
-    # has_retval=False
-    sig = inspect.Signature(f11, has_retval=False).format_args()
-    assert sig == '(x: CustomAnnotation, y: 123)'
+    sig = inspect.signature(f11)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: CustomAnnotation, y: 123) -> None'
 
     # tuple with more than two items
-    sig = inspect.Signature(f12).format_args()
-    assert sig == '() -> Tuple[int, str, int]'
+    sig = inspect.signature(f12)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '() -> Tuple[int, str, int]'
 
     # optional
-    sig = inspect.Signature(f13).format_args()
-    assert sig == '() -> Optional[str]'
+    sig = inspect.signature(f13)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '() -> Optional[str]'
 
     # Any
-    sig = inspect.Signature(f14).format_args()
-    assert sig == '() -> Any'
+    sig = inspect.signature(f14)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '() -> Any'
 
     # ForwardRef
-    sig = inspect.Signature(f15).format_args()
-    assert sig == '(x: Unknown, y: int) -> Any'
+    sig = inspect.signature(f15)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: Unknown, y: int) -> Any'
 
     # keyword only arguments (1)
-    sig = inspect.Signature(f16).format_args()
-    assert sig == '(arg1, arg2, *, arg3=None, arg4=None)'
+    sig = inspect.signature(f16)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg1, arg2, *, arg3=None, arg4=None)'
 
     # keyword only arguments (2)
-    sig = inspect.Signature(f17).format_args()
-    assert sig == '(*, arg3, arg4)'
+    sig = inspect.signature(f17)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(*, arg3, arg4)'
 
-    sig = inspect.Signature(f18).format_args()
-    assert sig == '(self, arg1: Union[int, Tuple] = 10) -> List[Dict]'
+    sig = inspect.signature(f18)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(self, arg1: Union[int, Tuple] = 10) -> List[Dict]'
 
     # annotations for variadic and keyword parameters
-    sig = inspect.Signature(f19).format_args()
-    assert sig == '(*args: int, **kwargs: str)'
+    sig = inspect.signature(f19)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(*args: int, **kwargs: str)'
 
     # type hints by string
-    sig = inspect.Signature(Node.children).format_args()
+    sig = inspect.signature(Node.children)
     if (3, 5, 0) <= sys.version_info < (3, 5, 3):
-        assert sig == '(self) -> List[Node]'
+        assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(self) -> List[Node]'
     else:
-        assert sig == '(self) -> List[typing_test_data.Node]'
+        assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(self) -> List[typing_test_data.Node]'
 
-    sig = inspect.Signature(Node.__init__).format_args()
-    assert sig == '(self, parent: Optional[Node]) -> None'
+    sig = inspect.signature(Node.__init__)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(self, parent: Optional[Node]) -> None'
 
     # show_annotation is False
-    sig = inspect.Signature(f7).format_args(show_annotation=False)
-    assert sig == '(x=None, y={})'
+    sig = inspect.signature(f7)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig, show_annotation=False) == '(x=None, y={})'
+
+    # show_return_annotation is False
+    sig = inspect.signature(f7)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig, show_return_annotation=False) == '(x: int = None, y: dict = {})'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.version_info < (3, 8), reason='python 3.8+ is required.')
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_signature_annotations_py38(app):
+    from target.pep570 import foo, bar
+
+    # case: separator in the middle
+    sig = inspect.signature(foo)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(a, b, /, c, d)'
+
+    # case: separator at tail
+    sig = inspect.signature(bar)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(a, b, /)'
 
 
 def test_safe_getattr_with_default():