diff --git a/CHANGES b/CHANGES
index db687fb44..be1a398a1 100644
--- a/CHANGES
+++ b/CHANGES
@@ -77,6 +77,10 @@ Bugs fixed
 * #6511: LaTeX: autonumbered list can not be customized in LaTeX
   since Sphinx 1.8.0 (refs: #6533)
 * #6531: Failed to load last environment object when extension added
+* #736: Invalid sort in pair index
+* #6527: :confval:`last_updated` wrongly assumes timezone as UTC
+* #5592: std domain: :rst:dir:`option` directive registers an index entry for
+  each comma separated option
 
 Testing
 --------
diff --git a/doc/faq.rst b/doc/faq.rst
index acd2ac16f..ba16ceb9a 100644
--- a/doc/faq.rst
+++ b/doc/faq.rst
@@ -72,10 +72,9 @@ PyPI
    https://pythonhosted.org/.
 
 GitHub Pages
-   Directories starting with underscores are ignored by default which breaks
-   static files in Sphinx.  GitHub's preprocessor can be `disabled
-   <https://github.com/blog/572-bypassing-jekyll-on-github-pages>`_ to support
-   Sphinx HTML output properly.
+   Please add :py:mod:`sphinx.ext.githubpages` to your project.  It allows you
+   to publish your document in GitHub Pages.  It generates helper files for
+   GitHub Pages on building HTML document automatically.
 
 MediaWiki
    See https://bitbucket.org/kevindunn/sphinx-wiki/wiki/Home, a project by
diff --git a/sphinx/builders/html.py b/sphinx/builders/html.py
index fed558c22..2ce5c0315 100644
--- a/sphinx/builders/html.py
+++ b/sphinx/builders/html.py
@@ -712,52 +712,66 @@ class StandaloneHTMLBuilder(Builder):
                     logger.warning(__('cannot copy downloadable file %r: %s'),
                                    path.join(self.srcdir, src), err)
 
+    def create_pygments_style_file(self) -> None:
+        """create a style file for pygments."""
+        with open(path.join(self.outdir, '_static', 'pygments.css'), 'w') as f:
+            f.write(self.highlighter.get_stylesheet())
+
+    def copy_translation_js(self) -> None:
+        """Copy a JavaScript file for translations."""
+        if self.config.language is not None:
+            jsfile = self._get_translations_js()
+            if jsfile:
+                copyfile(jsfile, path.join(self.outdir, '_static', 'translations.js'))
+
+    def copy_stemmer_js(self) -> None:
+        """Copy a JavaScript file for stemmer."""
+        if self.indexer is not None:
+            jsfile = self.indexer.get_js_stemmer_rawcode()
+            if jsfile:
+                copyfile(jsfile, path.join(self.outdir, '_static', '_stemmer.js'))
+
+    def copy_theme_static_files(self, context: Dict) -> None:
+        if self.theme:
+            for entry in self.theme.get_theme_dirs()[::-1]:
+                copy_asset(path.join(entry, 'static'),
+                           path.join(self.outdir, '_static'),
+                           excluded=DOTFILES, context=context, renderer=self.templates)
+
+    def copy_html_static_files(self, context: Dict) -> None:
+        excluded = Matcher(self.config.exclude_patterns + ["**/.*"])
+        for entry in self.config.html_static_path:
+            copy_asset(path.join(self.confdir, entry),
+                       path.join(self.outdir, '_static'),
+                       excluded, context=context, renderer=self.templates)
+
+    def copy_html_logo(self) -> None:
+        if self.config.html_logo:
+            copy_asset(path.join(self.confdir, self.config.html_logo),
+                       path.join(self.outdir, '_static'))
+
+    def copy_html_favicon(self) -> None:
+        if self.config.html_favicon:
+            copy_asset(path.join(self.confdir, self.config.html_favicon),
+                       path.join(self.outdir, '_static'))
+
     def copy_static_files(self) -> None:
         try:
-            # copy static files
             with progress_message(__('copying static files... ')):
                 ensuredir(path.join(self.outdir, '_static'))
-                # first, create pygments style file
-                with open(path.join(self.outdir, '_static', 'pygments.css'), 'w') as f:
-                    f.write(self.highlighter.get_stylesheet())
-                # then, copy translations JavaScript file
-                if self.config.language is not None:
-                    jsfile = self._get_translations_js()
-                    if jsfile:
-                        copyfile(jsfile, path.join(self.outdir, '_static',
-                                                   'translations.js'))
 
-                # copy non-minified stemmer JavaScript file
+                # prepare context for templates
+                context = self.globalcontext.copy()
                 if self.indexer is not None:
-                    jsfile = self.indexer.get_js_stemmer_rawcode()
-                    if jsfile:
-                        copyfile(jsfile, path.join(self.outdir, '_static', '_stemmer.js'))
+                    context.update(self.indexer.context_for_searchtool())
 
-                ctx = self.globalcontext.copy()
-
-                # add context items for search function used in searchtools.js_t
-                if self.indexer is not None:
-                    ctx.update(self.indexer.context_for_searchtool())
-
-                # then, copy over theme-supplied static files
-                if self.theme:
-                    for theme_path in self.theme.get_theme_dirs()[::-1]:
-                        entry = path.join(theme_path, 'static')
-                        copy_asset(entry, path.join(self.outdir, '_static'), excluded=DOTFILES,
-                                   context=ctx, renderer=self.templates)
-                # then, copy over all user-supplied static files
-                excluded = Matcher(self.config.exclude_patterns + ["**/.*"])
-                for static_path in self.config.html_static_path:
-                    entry = path.join(self.confdir, static_path)
-                    copy_asset(entry, path.join(self.outdir, '_static'), excluded,
-                               context=ctx, renderer=self.templates)
-                # copy logo and favicon files if not already in static path
-                if self.config.html_logo:
-                    entry = path.join(self.confdir, self.config.html_logo)
-                    copy_asset(entry, path.join(self.outdir, '_static'))
-                if self.config.html_favicon:
-                    entry = path.join(self.confdir, self.config.html_favicon)
-                    copy_asset(entry, path.join(self.outdir, '_static'))
+                self.create_pygments_style_file()
+                self.copy_translation_js()
+                self.copy_stemmer_js()
+                self.copy_theme_static_files(context)
+                self.copy_html_static_files(context)
+                self.copy_html_logo()
+                self.copy_html_favicon()
         except OSError as err:
             logger.warning(__('cannot copy static file %r'), err)
 
diff --git a/sphinx/domains/std.py b/sphinx/domains/std.py
index 5d3362313..9d094d1a9 100644
--- a/sphinx/domains/std.py
+++ b/sphinx/domains/std.py
@@ -197,12 +197,14 @@ class Cmdoption(ObjectDescription):
             domain.add_program_option(currprogram, optname,
                                       self.env.docname, signode['ids'][0])
 
-            # create only one index entry for the whole option
-            if optname == firstname:
-                self.indexnode['entries'].append(
-                    ('pair', _('%scommand line option; %s') %
-                     ((currprogram and currprogram + ' ' or ''), sig),
-                     signode['ids'][0], '', None))
+        # create an index entry
+        if currprogram:
+            descr = _('%s command line option') % currprogram
+        else:
+            descr = _('command line option')
+        for option in sig.split(', '):
+            entry = '; '.join([descr, option])
+            self.indexnode['entries'].append(('pair', entry, signode['ids'][0], '', None))
 
 
 class Program(SphinxDirective):
diff --git a/sphinx/environment/adapters/indexentries.py b/sphinx/environment/adapters/indexentries.py
index 430c3dce2..68198040d 100644
--- a/sphinx/environment/adapters/indexentries.py
+++ b/sphinx/environment/adapters/indexentries.py
@@ -133,11 +133,21 @@ class IndexEntries:
                 oldsubitems = subitems
                 i += 1
 
+        # sort the sub-index entries
+        def keyfunc2(entry: Tuple[str, List]) -> str:
+            key = unicodedata.normalize('NFD', entry[0].lower())
+            if key.startswith('\N{RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK}'):
+                key = key[1:]
+            if key[0:1].isalpha() or key.startswith('_'):
+                key = chr(127) + key
+            return key
+
         # group the entries by letter
-        def keyfunc2(item: Tuple[str, List]) -> str:
+        def keyfunc3(item: Tuple[str, List]) -> str:
             # hack: mutating the subitems dicts to a list in the keyfunc
             k, v = item
-            v[1] = sorted((si, se) for (si, (se, void, void)) in v[1].items())
+            v[1] = sorted(((si, se) for (si, (se, void, void)) in v[1].items()),
+                          key=keyfunc2)
             if v[2] is None:
                 # now calculate the key
                 if k.startswith('\N{RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK}'):
@@ -151,4 +161,4 @@ class IndexEntries:
             else:
                 return v[2]
         return [(key_, list(group))
-                for (key_, group) in groupby(newlist, keyfunc2)]
+                for (key_, group) in groupby(newlist, keyfunc3)]
diff --git a/sphinx/pycode/__init__.py b/sphinx/pycode/__init__.py
index e11a75941..92153d1d0 100644
--- a/sphinx/pycode/__init__.py
+++ b/sphinx/pycode/__init__.py
@@ -11,29 +11,25 @@
 import re
 from io import StringIO
 from os import path
+from typing import Any, Dict, IO, List, Tuple
 from zipfile import ZipFile
 
 from sphinx.errors import PycodeError
 from sphinx.pycode.parser import Parser
 from sphinx.util import get_module_source, detect_encoding
 
-if False:
-    # For type annotation
-    from typing import Any, Dict, IO, List, Tuple  # NOQA
-
 
 class ModuleAnalyzer:
     # cache for analyzer objects -- caches both by module and file name
     cache = {}  # type: Dict[Tuple[str, str], Any]
 
     @classmethod
-    def for_string(cls, string, modname, srcname='<string>'):
-        # type: (str, str, str) -> ModuleAnalyzer
+    def for_string(cls, string: str, modname: str, srcname: str = '<string>'
+                   ) -> "ModuleAnalyzer":
         return cls(StringIO(string), modname, srcname, decoded=True)
 
     @classmethod
-    def for_file(cls, filename, modname):
-        # type: (str, str) -> ModuleAnalyzer
+    def for_file(cls, filename: str, modname: str) -> "ModuleAnalyzer":
         if ('file', filename) in cls.cache:
             return cls.cache['file', filename]
         try:
@@ -48,8 +44,7 @@ class ModuleAnalyzer:
         return obj
 
     @classmethod
-    def for_egg(cls, filename, modname):
-        # type: (str, str) -> ModuleAnalyzer
+    def for_egg(cls, filename: str, modname: str) -> "ModuleAnalyzer":
         SEP = re.escape(path.sep)
         eggpath, relpath = re.split('(?<=\\.egg)' + SEP, filename)
         try:
@@ -60,8 +55,7 @@ class ModuleAnalyzer:
             raise PycodeError('error opening %r' % filename, exc)
 
     @classmethod
-    def for_module(cls, modname):
-        # type: (str) -> ModuleAnalyzer
+    def for_module(cls, modname: str) -> "ModuleAnalyzer":
         if ('module', modname) in cls.cache:
             entry = cls.cache['module', modname]
             if isinstance(entry, PycodeError):
@@ -80,8 +74,7 @@ class ModuleAnalyzer:
         cls.cache['module', modname] = obj
         return obj
 
-    def __init__(self, source, modname, srcname, decoded=False):
-        # type: (IO, str, str, bool) -> None
+    def __init__(self, source: IO, modname: str, srcname: str, decoded: bool = False) -> None:
         self.modname = modname  # name of the module
         self.srcname = srcname  # name of the source file
 
@@ -100,8 +93,7 @@ class ModuleAnalyzer:
         self.tagorder = None    # type: Dict[str, int]
         self.tags = None        # type: Dict[str, Tuple[str, int, int]]
 
-    def parse(self):
-        # type: () -> None
+    def parse(self) -> None:
         """Parse the source code."""
         try:
             parser = Parser(self.code, self.encoding)
@@ -119,16 +111,14 @@ class ModuleAnalyzer:
         except Exception as exc:
             raise PycodeError('parsing %r failed: %r' % (self.srcname, exc))
 
-    def find_attr_docs(self):
-        # type: () -> Dict[Tuple[str, str], List[str]]
+    def find_attr_docs(self) -> Dict[Tuple[str, str], List[str]]:
         """Find class and module-level attributes and their documentation."""
         if self.attr_docs is None:
             self.parse()
 
         return self.attr_docs
 
-    def find_tags(self):
-        # type: () -> Dict[str, Tuple[str, int, int]]
+    def find_tags(self) -> Dict[str, Tuple[str, int, int]]:
         """Find class, function and method definitions and their location."""
         if self.tags is None:
             self.parse()
diff --git a/sphinx/pycode/parser.py b/sphinx/pycode/parser.py
index 1746537bb..3603e3cc3 100644
--- a/sphinx/pycode/parser.py
+++ b/sphinx/pycode/parser.py
@@ -15,10 +15,8 @@ import sys
 import tokenize
 from token import NAME, NEWLINE, INDENT, DEDENT, NUMBER, OP, STRING
 from tokenize import COMMENT, NL
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Tuple
 
-if False:
-    # For type annotation
-    from typing import Any, Dict, List, Tuple  # NOQA
 
 comment_re = re.compile('^\\s*#: ?(.*)\r?\n?$')
 indent_re = re.compile('^\\s*$')
@@ -31,13 +29,11 @@ else:
     ASSIGN_NODES = (ast.Assign)
 
 
-def filter_whitespace(code):
-    # type: (str) -> str
+def filter_whitespace(code: str) -> str:
     return code.replace('\f', ' ')  # replace FF (form feed) with whitespace
 
 
-def get_assign_targets(node):
-    # type: (ast.AST) -> List[ast.expr]
+def get_assign_targets(node: ast.AST) -> List[ast.expr]:
     """Get list of targets from Assign and AnnAssign node."""
     if isinstance(node, ast.Assign):
         return node.targets
@@ -45,8 +41,7 @@ def get_assign_targets(node):
         return [node.target]  # type: ignore
 
 
-def get_lvar_names(node, self=None):
-    # type: (ast.AST, ast.arg) -> List[str]
+def get_lvar_names(node: ast.AST, self: ast.arg = None) -> List[str]:
     """Convert assignment-AST to variable names.
 
     This raises `TypeError` if the assignment does not create new variable::
@@ -88,11 +83,9 @@ def get_lvar_names(node, self=None):
         raise NotImplementedError('Unexpected node name %r' % node_name)
 
 
-def dedent_docstring(s):
-    # type: (str) -> str
+def dedent_docstring(s: str) -> str:
     """Remove common leading indentation from docstring."""
-    def dummy():
-        # type: () -> None
+    def dummy() -> None:
         # dummy function to mock `inspect.getdoc`.
         pass
 
@@ -104,16 +97,15 @@ def dedent_docstring(s):
 class Token:
     """Better token wrapper for tokenize module."""
 
-    def __init__(self, kind, value, start, end, source):
-        # type: (int, Any, Tuple[int, int], Tuple[int, int], str) -> None
+    def __init__(self, kind: int, value: Any, start: Tuple[int, int], end: Tuple[int, int],
+                 source: str) -> None:
         self.kind = kind
         self.value = value
         self.start = start
         self.end = end
         self.source = source
 
-    def __eq__(self, other):
-        # type: (Any) -> bool
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
         if isinstance(other, int):
             return self.kind == other
         elif isinstance(other, str):
@@ -125,32 +117,27 @@ class Token:
         else:
             raise ValueError('Unknown value: %r' % other)
 
-    def match(self, *conditions):
-        # type: (Any) -> bool
+    def match(self, *conditions) -> bool:
         return any(self == candidate for candidate in conditions)
 
-    def __repr__(self):
-        # type: () -> str
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return '<Token kind=%r value=%r>' % (tokenize.tok_name[self.kind],
                                              self.value.strip())
 
 
 class TokenProcessor:
-    def __init__(self, buffers):
-        # type: (List[str]) -> None
+    def __init__(self, buffers: List[str]) -> None:
         lines = iter(buffers)
         self.buffers = buffers
         self.tokens = tokenize.generate_tokens(lambda: next(lines))
         self.current = None     # type: Token
         self.previous = None    # type: Token
 
-    def get_line(self, lineno):
-        # type: (int) -> str
+    def get_line(self, lineno: int) -> str:
         """Returns specified line."""
         return self.buffers[lineno - 1]
 
-    def fetch_token(self):
-        # type: () -> Token
+    def fetch_token(self) -> Token:
         """Fetch a next token from source code.
 
         Returns ``False`` if sequence finished.
@@ -163,8 +150,7 @@ class TokenProcessor:
 
         return self.current
 
-    def fetch_until(self, condition):
-        # type: (Any) -> List[Token]
+    def fetch_until(self, condition: Any) -> List[Token]:
         """Fetch tokens until specified token appeared.
 
         .. note:: This also handles parenthesis well.
@@ -191,13 +177,11 @@ class AfterCommentParser(TokenProcessor):
     and returns the comments for variable if exists.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, lines):
-        # type: (List[str]) -> None
+    def __init__(self, lines: List[str]) -> None:
         super().__init__(lines)
         self.comment = None  # type: str
 
-    def fetch_rvalue(self):
-        # type: () -> List[Token]
+    def fetch_rvalue(self) -> List[Token]:
         """Fetch right-hand value of assignment."""
         tokens = []
         while self.fetch_token():
@@ -217,8 +201,7 @@ class AfterCommentParser(TokenProcessor):
 
         return tokens
 
-    def parse(self):
-        # type: () -> None
+    def parse(self) -> None:
         """Parse the code and obtain comment after assignment."""
         # skip lvalue (or whole of AnnAssign)
         while not self.fetch_token().match([OP, '='], NEWLINE, COMMENT):
@@ -235,8 +218,7 @@ class AfterCommentParser(TokenProcessor):
 class VariableCommentPicker(ast.NodeVisitor):
     """Python source code parser to pick up variable comments."""
 
-    def __init__(self, buffers, encoding):
-        # type: (List[str], str) -> None
+    def __init__(self, buffers: List[str], encoding: str) -> None:
         self.counter = itertools.count()
         self.buffers = buffers
         self.encoding = encoding
@@ -248,8 +230,7 @@ class VariableCommentPicker(ast.NodeVisitor):
         self.deforders = {}             # type: Dict[str, int]
         super().__init__()
 
-    def add_entry(self, name):
-        # type: (str) -> None
+    def add_entry(self, name: str) -> None:
         if self.current_function:
             if self.current_classes and self.context[-1] == "__init__":
                 # store variable comments inside __init__ method of classes
@@ -261,8 +242,7 @@ class VariableCommentPicker(ast.NodeVisitor):
 
         self.deforders[".".join(definition)] = next(self.counter)
 
-    def add_variable_comment(self, name, comment):
-        # type: (str, str) -> None
+    def add_variable_comment(self, name: str, comment: str) -> None:
         if self.current_function:
             if self.current_classes and self.context[-1] == "__init__":
                 # store variable comments inside __init__ method of classes
@@ -274,27 +254,23 @@ class VariableCommentPicker(ast.NodeVisitor):
 
         self.comments[(context, name)] = comment
 
-    def get_self(self):
-        # type: () -> ast.arg
+    def get_self(self) -> ast.arg:
         """Returns the name of first argument if in function."""
         if self.current_function and self.current_function.args.args:
             return self.current_function.args.args[0]
         else:
             return None
 
-    def get_line(self, lineno):
-        # type: (int) -> str
+    def get_line(self, lineno: int) -> str:
         """Returns specified line."""
         return self.buffers[lineno - 1]
 
-    def visit(self, node):
-        # type: (ast.AST) -> None
+    def visit(self, node: ast.AST) -> None:
         """Updates self.previous to ."""
         super().visit(node)
         self.previous = node
 
-    def visit_Assign(self, node):
-        # type: (ast.Assign) -> None
+    def visit_Assign(self, node: ast.Assign) -> None:
         """Handles Assign node and pick up a variable comment."""
         try:
             targets = get_assign_targets(node)
@@ -334,13 +310,11 @@ class VariableCommentPicker(ast.NodeVisitor):
         for varname in varnames:
             self.add_entry(varname)
 
-    def visit_AnnAssign(self, node):
-        # type: (ast.AST) -> None
+    def visit_AnnAssign(self, node: ast.AST) -> None:  # Note: ast.AnnAssign not found in py35
         """Handles AnnAssign node and pick up a variable comment."""
         self.visit_Assign(node)  # type: ignore
 
-    def visit_Expr(self, node):
-        # type: (ast.Expr) -> None
+    def visit_Expr(self, node: ast.Expr) -> None:
         """Handles Expr node and pick up a comment if string."""
         if (isinstance(self.previous, ASSIGN_NODES) and isinstance(node.value, ast.Str)):
             try:
@@ -357,8 +331,7 @@ class VariableCommentPicker(ast.NodeVisitor):
             except TypeError:
                 pass  # this assignment is not new definition!
 
-    def visit_Try(self, node):
-        # type: (ast.Try) -> None
+    def visit_Try(self, node: ast.Try) -> None:
         """Handles Try node and processes body and else-clause.
 
         .. note:: pycode parser ignores objects definition in except-clause.
@@ -368,8 +341,7 @@ class VariableCommentPicker(ast.NodeVisitor):
         for subnode in node.orelse:
             self.visit(subnode)
 
-    def visit_ClassDef(self, node):
-        # type: (ast.ClassDef) -> None
+    def visit_ClassDef(self, node: ast.ClassDef) -> None:
         """Handles ClassDef node and set context."""
         self.current_classes.append(node.name)
         self.add_entry(node.name)
@@ -380,8 +352,7 @@ class VariableCommentPicker(ast.NodeVisitor):
         self.context.pop()
         self.current_classes.pop()
 
-    def visit_FunctionDef(self, node):
-        # type: (ast.FunctionDef) -> None
+    def visit_FunctionDef(self, node: ast.FunctionDef) -> None:
         """Handles FunctionDef node and set context."""
         if self.current_function is None:
             self.add_entry(node.name)  # should be called before setting self.current_function
@@ -392,8 +363,7 @@ class VariableCommentPicker(ast.NodeVisitor):
             self.context.pop()
             self.current_function = None
 
-    def visit_AsyncFunctionDef(self, node):
-        # type: (ast.AsyncFunctionDef) -> None
+    def visit_AsyncFunctionDef(self, node: ast.AsyncFunctionDef) -> None:
         """Handles AsyncFunctionDef node and set context."""
         self.visit_FunctionDef(node)  # type: ignore
 
@@ -403,16 +373,14 @@ class DefinitionFinder(TokenProcessor):
     classes and methods.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, lines):
-        # type: (List[str]) -> None
+    def __init__(self, lines: List[str]) -> None:
         super().__init__(lines)
         self.decorator = None   # type: Token
         self.context = []       # type: List[str]
         self.indents = []       # type: List
         self.definitions = {}   # type: Dict[str, Tuple[str, int, int]]
 
-    def add_definition(self, name, entry):
-        # type: (str, Tuple[str, int, int]) -> None
+    def add_definition(self, name: str, entry: Tuple[str, int, int]) -> None:
         """Add a location of definition."""
         if self.indents and self.indents[-1][0] == 'def' and entry[0] == 'def':
             # ignore definition of inner function
@@ -420,8 +388,7 @@ class DefinitionFinder(TokenProcessor):
         else:
             self.definitions[name] = entry
 
-    def parse(self):
-        # type: () -> None
+    def parse(self) -> None:
         """Parse the code to obtain location of definitions."""
         while True:
             token = self.fetch_token()
@@ -442,8 +409,7 @@ class DefinitionFinder(TokenProcessor):
             elif token == DEDENT:
                 self.finalize_block()
 
-    def parse_definition(self, typ):
-        # type: (str) -> None
+    def parse_definition(self, typ: str) -> None:
         """Parse AST of definition."""
         name = self.fetch_token()
         self.context.append(name.value)
@@ -464,8 +430,7 @@ class DefinitionFinder(TokenProcessor):
             self.add_definition(funcname, (typ, start_pos, name.end[0]))
             self.context.pop()
 
-    def finalize_block(self):
-        # type: () -> None
+    def finalize_block(self) -> None:
         """Finalize definition block."""
         definition = self.indents.pop()
         if definition[0] != 'other':
@@ -484,22 +449,19 @@ class Parser:
     This is a better wrapper for ``VariableCommentPicker``.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, code, encoding='utf-8'):
-        # type: (str, str) -> None
+    def __init__(self, code: str, encoding: str = 'utf-8') -> None:
         self.code = filter_whitespace(code)
         self.encoding = encoding
         self.comments = {}          # type: Dict[Tuple[str, str], str]
         self.deforders = {}         # type: Dict[str, int]
         self.definitions = {}       # type: Dict[str, Tuple[str, int, int]]
 
-    def parse(self):
-        # type: () -> None
+    def parse(self) -> None:
         """Parse the source code."""
         self.parse_comments()
         self.parse_definition()
 
-    def parse_comments(self):
-        # type: () -> None
+    def parse_comments(self) -> None:
         """Parse the code and pick up comments."""
         tree = ast.parse(self.code.encode())
         picker = VariableCommentPicker(self.code.splitlines(True), self.encoding)
@@ -507,8 +469,7 @@ class Parser:
         self.comments = picker.comments
         self.deforders = picker.deforders
 
-    def parse_definition(self):
-        # type: () -> None
+    def parse_definition(self) -> None:
         """Parse the location of definitions from the code."""
         parser = DefinitionFinder(self.code.splitlines(True))
         parser.parse()
diff --git a/sphinx/testing/fixtures.py b/sphinx/testing/fixtures.py
index 93195fc40..443a7dd5c 100644
--- a/sphinx/testing/fixtures.py
+++ b/sphinx/testing/fixtures.py
@@ -14,25 +14,20 @@ import sys
 from collections import namedtuple
 from io import StringIO
 from subprocess import PIPE
+from typing import Any, Dict
 
 import pytest
 
 from . import util
 
-if False:
-    # For type annotation
-    from typing import Any, Dict, Union  # NOQA
-
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope='session')
-def rootdir():
-    # type: () -> None
+def rootdir() -> None:
     return None
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def app_params(request, test_params, shared_result, sphinx_test_tempdir, rootdir):
-    # type: (Any, Any, Any, Any, Any) -> None
     """
     parameters that is specified by 'pytest.mark.sphinx' for
     sphinx.application.Sphinx initialization
@@ -158,10 +153,10 @@ def make_app(test_params, monkeypatch):
         status, warning = StringIO(), StringIO()
         kwargs.setdefault('status', status)
         kwargs.setdefault('warning', warning)
-        app_ = util.SphinxTestApp(*args, **kwargs)  # type: Union[util.SphinxTestApp, util.SphinxTestAppWrapperForSkipBuilding]  # NOQA
+        app_ = util.SphinxTestApp(*args, **kwargs)  # type: Any
         apps.append(app_)
         if test_params['shared_result']:
-            app_ = util.SphinxTestAppWrapperForSkipBuilding(app_)  # type: ignore
+            app_ = util.SphinxTestAppWrapperForSkipBuilding(app_)
         return app_
     yield make
 
diff --git a/sphinx/testing/path.py b/sphinx/testing/path.py
index f71bf509b..d2fc4f31e 100644
--- a/sphinx/testing/path.py
+++ b/sphinx/testing/path.py
@@ -5,14 +5,12 @@
     :copyright: Copyright 2007-2019 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS.
     :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
 """
+
+import builtins
 import os
 import shutil
 import sys
-
-if False:
-    # For type annotation
-    import builtins  # NOQA
-    from typing import Any, Callable, IO, List  # NOQA
+from typing import Any, Callable, IO, List
 
 
 FILESYSTEMENCODING = sys.getfilesystemencoding() or sys.getdefaultencoding()
@@ -24,61 +22,52 @@ class path(str):
     """
 
     @property
-    def parent(self):
-        # type: () -> path
+    def parent(self) -> "path":
         """
         The name of the directory the file or directory is in.
         """
         return self.__class__(os.path.dirname(self))
 
-    def basename(self):
-        # type: () -> str
+    def basename(self) -> str:
         return os.path.basename(self)
 
-    def abspath(self):
-        # type: () -> path
+    def abspath(self) -> "path":
         """
         Returns the absolute path.
         """
         return self.__class__(os.path.abspath(self))
 
-    def isabs(self):
-        # type: () -> bool
+    def isabs(self) -> bool:
         """
         Returns ``True`` if the path is absolute.
         """
         return os.path.isabs(self)
 
-    def isdir(self):
-        # type: () -> bool
+    def isdir(self) -> bool:
         """
         Returns ``True`` if the path is a directory.
         """
         return os.path.isdir(self)
 
-    def isfile(self):
-        # type: () -> bool
+    def isfile(self) -> bool:
         """
         Returns ``True`` if the path is a file.
         """
         return os.path.isfile(self)
 
-    def islink(self):
-        # type: () -> bool
+    def islink(self) -> bool:
         """
         Returns ``True`` if the path is a symbolic link.
         """
         return os.path.islink(self)
 
-    def ismount(self):
-        # type: () -> bool
+    def ismount(self) -> bool:
         """
         Returns ``True`` if the path is a mount point.
         """
         return os.path.ismount(self)
 
-    def rmtree(self, ignore_errors=False, onerror=None):
-        # type: (bool, Callable) -> None
+    def rmtree(self, ignore_errors: bool = False, onerror: Callable = None) -> None:
         """
         Removes the file or directory and any files or directories it may
         contain.
@@ -96,8 +85,7 @@ class path(str):
         """
         shutil.rmtree(self, ignore_errors=ignore_errors, onerror=onerror)
 
-    def copytree(self, destination, symlinks=False):
-        # type: (str, bool) -> None
+    def copytree(self, destination: str, symlinks: bool = False) -> None:
         """
         Recursively copy a directory to the given `destination`. If the given
         `destination` does not exist it will be created.
@@ -109,8 +97,7 @@ class path(str):
         """
         shutil.copytree(self, destination, symlinks=symlinks)
 
-    def movetree(self, destination):
-        # type: (str) -> None
+    def movetree(self, destination: str) -> None:
         """
         Recursively move the file or directory to the given `destination`
         similar to the  Unix "mv" command.
@@ -122,54 +109,46 @@ class path(str):
 
     move = movetree
 
-    def unlink(self):
-        # type: () -> None
+    def unlink(self) -> None:
         """
         Removes a file.
         """
         os.unlink(self)
 
-    def stat(self):
-        # type: () -> Any
+    def stat(self) -> Any:
         """
         Returns a stat of the file.
         """
         return os.stat(self)
 
-    def utime(self, arg):
-        # type: (Any) -> None
+    def utime(self, arg: Any) -> None:
         os.utime(self, arg)
 
-    def open(self, mode='r', **kwargs):
-        # type: (str, Any) -> IO
+    def open(self, mode: str = 'r', **kwargs) -> IO:
         return open(self, mode, **kwargs)
 
-    def write_text(self, text, encoding='utf-8', **kwargs):
-        # type: (str, str, Any) -> None
+    def write_text(self, text: str, encoding: str = 'utf-8', **kwargs) -> None:
         """
         Writes the given `text` to the file.
         """
         with open(self, 'w', encoding=encoding, **kwargs) as f:
             f.write(text)
 
-    def text(self, encoding='utf-8', **kwargs):
-        # type: (str, Any) -> str
+    def text(self, encoding: str = 'utf-8', **kwargs) -> str:
         """
         Returns the text in the file.
         """
         with open(self, encoding=encoding, **kwargs) as f:
             return f.read()
 
-    def bytes(self):
-        # type: () -> builtins.bytes
+    def bytes(self) -> builtins.bytes:
         """
         Returns the bytes in the file.
         """
         with open(self, mode='rb') as f:
             return f.read()
 
-    def write_bytes(self, bytes, append=False):
-        # type: (str, bool) -> None
+    def write_bytes(self, bytes: str, append: bool = False) -> None:
         """
         Writes the given `bytes` to the file.
 
@@ -183,41 +162,35 @@ class path(str):
         with open(self, mode=mode) as f:
             f.write(bytes)
 
-    def exists(self):
-        # type: () -> bool
+    def exists(self) -> bool:
         """
         Returns ``True`` if the path exist.
         """
         return os.path.exists(self)
 
-    def lexists(self):
-        # type: () -> bool
+    def lexists(self) -> bool:
         """
         Returns ``True`` if the path exists unless it is a broken symbolic
         link.
         """
         return os.path.lexists(self)
 
-    def makedirs(self, mode=0o777, exist_ok=False):
-        # type: (int, bool) -> None
+    def makedirs(self, mode: int = 0o777, exist_ok: bool = False) -> None:
         """
         Recursively create directories.
         """
         os.makedirs(self, mode, exist_ok=exist_ok)
 
-    def joinpath(self, *args):
-        # type: (Any) -> path
+    def joinpath(self, *args) -> "path":
         """
         Joins the path with the argument given and returns the result.
         """
         return self.__class__(os.path.join(self, *map(self.__class__, args)))
 
-    def listdir(self):
-        # type: () -> List[str]
+    def listdir(self) -> List[str]:
         return os.listdir(self)
 
     __div__ = __truediv__ = joinpath
 
-    def __repr__(self):
-        # type: () -> str
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return '%s(%s)' % (self.__class__.__name__, super().__repr__())
diff --git a/sphinx/testing/restructuredtext.py b/sphinx/testing/restructuredtext.py
index 8bf1c041e..1da8d9a60 100644
--- a/sphinx/testing/restructuredtext.py
+++ b/sphinx/testing/restructuredtext.py
@@ -8,21 +8,16 @@
 
 from os import path
 
+from docutils import nodes
 from docutils.core import publish_doctree
 
+from sphinx.application import Sphinx
 from sphinx.io import SphinxStandaloneReader
 from sphinx.parsers import RSTParser
 from sphinx.util.docutils import sphinx_domains
 
 
-if False:
-    # For type annotation
-    from docutils import nodes  # NOQA
-    from sphinx.application import Sphinx  # NOQA
-
-
-def parse(app, text, docname='index'):
-    # type: (Sphinx, str, str) -> nodes.document
+def parse(app: Sphinx, text: str, docname: str = 'index') -> nodes.document:
     """Parse a string as reStructuredText with Sphinx application."""
     try:
         app.env.temp_data['docname'] = docname
diff --git a/sphinx/testing/util.py b/sphinx/testing/util.py
index 7b73059e9..1ba3237c4 100644
--- a/sphinx/testing/util.py
+++ b/sphinx/testing/util.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import os
 import re
 import sys
 import warnings
+from typing import Any, Dict, Generator, IO, List, Pattern
 from xml.etree import ElementTree
 
 from docutils import nodes
@@ -23,10 +24,6 @@ from sphinx.pycode import ModuleAnalyzer
 from sphinx.testing.path import path
 from sphinx.util.osutil import relpath
 
-if False:
-    # For type annotation
-    from typing import Any, Dict, Generator, IO, List, Pattern  # NOQA
-
 
 __all__ = [
     'Struct',
@@ -35,26 +32,22 @@ __all__ = [
 ]
 
 
-def assert_re_search(regex, text, flags=0):
-    # type: (Pattern, str, int) -> None
+def assert_re_search(regex: Pattern, text: str, flags: int = 0) -> None:
     if not re.search(regex, text, flags):
         assert False, '%r did not match %r' % (regex, text)
 
 
-def assert_not_re_search(regex, text, flags=0):
-    # type: (Pattern, str, int) -> None
+def assert_not_re_search(regex: Pattern, text: str, flags: int = 0) -> None:
     if re.search(regex, text, flags):
         assert False, '%r did match %r' % (regex, text)
 
 
-def assert_startswith(thing, prefix):
-    # type: (str, str) -> None
+def assert_startswith(thing: str, prefix: str) -> None:
     if not thing.startswith(prefix):
         assert False, '%r does not start with %r' % (thing, prefix)
 
 
-def assert_node(node, cls=None, xpath="", **kwargs):
-    # type: (nodes.Node, Any, str, Any) -> None
+def assert_node(node: nodes.Node, cls: Any = None, xpath: str = "", **kwargs) -> None:
     if cls:
         if isinstance(cls, list):
             assert_node(node, cls[0], xpath=xpath, **kwargs)
@@ -92,16 +85,14 @@ def assert_node(node, cls=None, xpath="", **kwargs):
                 'The node%s[%s] is not %r: %r' % (xpath, key, value, node[key])
 
 
-def etree_parse(path):
-    # type: (str) -> Any
+def etree_parse(path: str) -> Any:
     with warnings.catch_warnings(record=False):
         warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=DeprecationWarning)
         return ElementTree.parse(path)
 
 
 class Struct:
-    def __init__(self, **kwds):
-        # type: (Any) -> None
+    def __init__(self, **kwds) -> None:
         self.__dict__.update(kwds)
 
 
@@ -111,10 +102,9 @@ class SphinxTestApp(application.Sphinx):
     better default values for the initialization parameters.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, buildername='html', srcdir=None,
-                 freshenv=False, confoverrides=None, status=None, warning=None,
-                 tags=None, docutilsconf=None):
-        # type: (str, path, bool, Dict, IO, IO, List[str], str) -> None
+    def __init__(self, buildername: str = 'html', srcdir: path = None, freshenv: bool = False,
+                 confoverrides: Dict = None, status: IO = None, warning: IO = None,
+                 tags: List[str] = None, docutilsconf: str = None) -> None:
 
         if docutilsconf is not None:
             (srcdir / 'docutils.conf').write_text(docutilsconf)
@@ -144,8 +134,7 @@ class SphinxTestApp(application.Sphinx):
             self.cleanup()
             raise
 
-    def cleanup(self, doctrees=False):
-        # type: (bool) -> None
+    def cleanup(self, doctrees: bool = False) -> None:
         ModuleAnalyzer.cache.clear()
         LaTeXBuilder.usepackages = []
         locale.translators.clear()
@@ -159,8 +148,7 @@ class SphinxTestApp(application.Sphinx):
                 delattr(nodes.GenericNodeVisitor, 'visit_' + method[6:])
                 delattr(nodes.GenericNodeVisitor, 'depart_' + method[6:])
 
-    def __repr__(self):
-        # type: () -> str
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return '<%s buildername=%r>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.builder.name)
 
 
@@ -171,16 +159,13 @@ class SphinxTestAppWrapperForSkipBuilding:
     file.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, app_):
-        # type: (SphinxTestApp) -> None
+    def __init__(self, app_: SphinxTestApp) -> None:
         self.app = app_
 
-    def __getattr__(self, name):
-        # type: (str) -> Any
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
         return getattr(self.app, name)
 
-    def build(self, *args, **kw):
-        # type: (Any, Any) -> None
+    def build(self, *args, **kw) -> None:
         if not self.app.outdir.listdir():  # type: ignore
             # if listdir is empty, do build.
             self.app.build(*args, **kw)
@@ -190,15 +175,13 @@ class SphinxTestAppWrapperForSkipBuilding:
 _unicode_literals_re = re.compile(r'u(".*?")|u(\'.*?\')')
 
 
-def remove_unicode_literals(s):
-    # type: (str) -> str
+def remove_unicode_literals(s: str) -> str:
     warnings.warn('remove_unicode_literals() is deprecated.',
                   RemovedInSphinx40Warning, stacklevel=2)
     return _unicode_literals_re.sub(lambda x: x.group(1) or x.group(2), s)
 
 
-def find_files(root, suffix=None):
-    # type: (str, bool) -> Generator
+def find_files(root: str, suffix: bool = None) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
     for dirpath, dirs, files in os.walk(root, followlinks=True):
         dirpath = path(dirpath)
         for f in [f for f in files if not suffix or f.endswith(suffix)]:  # type: ignore
@@ -206,6 +189,5 @@ def find_files(root, suffix=None):
             yield relpath(fpath, root)
 
 
-def strip_escseq(text):
-    # type: (str) -> str
+def strip_escseq(text: str) -> str:
     return re.sub('\x1b.*?m', '', text)
diff --git a/sphinx/util/i18n.py b/sphinx/util/i18n.py
index eeb961172..5466e5459 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/i18n.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/i18n.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import os
 import re
 import warnings
 from collections import namedtuple
-from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
 from os import path
 from typing import Callable, Generator, List, Set, Tuple
 
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ def format_date(format: str, date: datetime = None, language: str = None) -> str
         if source_date_epoch is not None:
             date = datetime.utcfromtimestamp(float(source_date_epoch))
         else:
-            date = datetime.utcnow()
+            date = datetime.now(timezone.utc).astimezone()
 
     result = []
     tokens = date_format_re.split(format)
diff --git a/tests/test_domain_std.py b/tests/test_domain_std.py
index b4528a6c9..1a03060e6 100644
--- a/tests/test_domain_std.py
+++ b/tests/test_domain_std.py
@@ -261,22 +261,24 @@ def test_cmdoption(app):
 
 
 def test_multiple_cmdoptions(app):
-    text = (".. program:: ls\n"
+    text = (".. program:: cmd\n"
             "\n"
-            ".. option:: -h, --help\n")
+            ".. option:: -o directory, --output directory\n")
     domain = app.env.get_domain('std')
     doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
     assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
-                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "-h"],
-                                                    [desc_addname, ()],
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "-o"],
+                                                    [desc_addname, " directory"],
                                                     [desc_addname, ", "],
-                                                    [desc_name, "--help"],
-                                                    [desc_addname, ()])],
+                                                    [desc_name, "--output"],
+                                                    [desc_addname, " directory"])],
                                   [desc_content, ()])]))
     assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index,
-                entries=[('pair', 'ls command line option; -h, --help',
-                          'cmdoption-ls-h', '', None)])
-    assert ('ls', '-h') in domain.progoptions
-    assert ('ls', '--help') in domain.progoptions
-    assert domain.progoptions[('ls', '-h')] == ('index', 'cmdoption-ls-h')
-    assert domain.progoptions[('ls', '--help')] == ('index', 'cmdoption-ls-h')
+                entries=[('pair', 'cmd command line option; -o directory',
+                          'cmdoption-cmd-o', '', None),
+                         ('pair', 'cmd command line option; --output directory',
+                          'cmdoption-cmd-o', '', None)])
+    assert ('cmd', '-o') in domain.progoptions
+    assert ('cmd', '--output') in domain.progoptions
+    assert domain.progoptions[('cmd', '-o')] == ('index', 'cmdoption-cmd-o')
+    assert domain.progoptions[('cmd', '--output')] == ('index', 'cmdoption-cmd-o')
diff --git a/tests/test_environment_indexentries.py b/tests/test_environment_indexentries.py
index ec76acdc0..4083eae04 100644
--- a/tests/test_environment_indexentries.py
+++ b/tests/test_environment_indexentries.py
@@ -47,19 +47,30 @@ def test_create_pair_index(app):
     app.env.indexentries.clear()
     text = (".. index:: pair: docutils; reStructuredText\n"
             ".. index:: pair: Python; interpreter\n"
-            ".. index:: pair: Sphinx; documentation tool\n")
+            ".. index:: pair: Sphinx; documentation tool\n"
+            ".. index:: pair: Sphinx; :+1:\n"
+            ".. index:: pair: Sphinx; Ель\n"
+            ".. index:: pair: Sphinx; ёлка\n")
     restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
     index = IndexEntries(app.env).create_index(app.builder)
-    assert len(index) == 5
-    assert index[0] == ('D',
+    assert len(index) == 7
+    assert index[0] == ('Symbols', [(':+1:', [[], [('Sphinx', [('', '#index-3')])], None])])
+    assert index[1] == ('D',
                         [('documentation tool', [[], [('Sphinx', [('', '#index-2')])], None]),
                          ('docutils', [[], [('reStructuredText', [('', '#index-0')])], None])])
-    assert index[1] == ('I', [('interpreter', [[], [('Python', [('', '#index-1')])], None])])
-    assert index[2] == ('P', [('Python', [[], [('interpreter', [('', '#index-1')])], None])])
-    assert index[3] == ('R',
+    assert index[2] == ('I', [('interpreter', [[], [('Python', [('', '#index-1')])], None])])
+    assert index[3] == ('P', [('Python', [[], [('interpreter', [('', '#index-1')])], None])])
+    assert index[4] == ('R',
                         [('reStructuredText', [[], [('docutils', [('', '#index-0')])], None])])
-    assert index[4] == ('S',
-                        [('Sphinx', [[], [('documentation tool', [('', '#index-2')])], None])])
+    assert index[5] == ('S',
+                        [('Sphinx', [[],
+                                     [(':+1:', [('', '#index-3')]),
+                                      ('documentation tool', [('', '#index-2')]),
+                                      ('ёлка', [('', '#index-5')]),
+                                      ('Ель', [('', '#index-4')])],
+                                     None])])
+    assert index[6] == ('Е', [('ёлка', [[], [('Sphinx', [('', '#index-5')])], None]),
+                               ('Ель', [[], [('Sphinx', [('', '#index-4')])], None])])
 
 
 @pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy')