diff --git a/EXAMPLES.rst b/EXAMPLES.rst
index 5a787c36a..7e36522fc 100644
--- a/EXAMPLES.rst
+++ b/EXAMPLES.rst
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ Documentation using the alabaster theme
 * `Jinja <https://jinja.palletsprojects.com/>`__
 * `Lino <https://www.lino-framework.org/>`__ (customized)
 * `marbl <https://getmarbl.readthedocs.io/>`__
-* `MDAnalysis <https://www.mdanalysis.org/docs/>`__ (customized)
 * `MeshPy <https://documen.tician.de/meshpy/>`__
 * `Molecule <https://molecule.readthedocs.io/>`__
 * `Momotor LTI <https://momotor.org/doc/lti/canvas/>`__
@@ -61,18 +60,18 @@ Documentation using the classic theme
 * `Buildbot <https://docs.buildbot.net/latest/>`__
 * `CMake <https://cmake.org/documentation/>`__ (customized)
 * `Chaco <https://docs.enthought.com/chaco/>`__ (customized)
-* `Cormoran <http://cormoran.nhopkg.org/docs/>`__
+* `Cormoran <https://cormoran.nhopkg.org/docs/>`__
 * `DEAP <https://deap.readthedocs.io/>`__ (customized)
 * `Director <https://pythonhosted.org/director/>`__
-* `EZ-Draw <https://pageperso.lif.univ-mrs.fr/~edouard.thiel/ez-draw/doc/en/html/ez-manual.html>`__ (customized)
+* `EZ-Draw <https://pageperso.lis-lab.fr/~edouard.thiel/ez-draw/doc/en/html/ez-manual.html>`__ (customized)
 * `Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) <https://gmt.soest.hawaii.edu/doc/latest/>`__ (customized)
 * `Genomedata <https://noble.gs.washington.edu/proj/genomedata/doc/1.3.3/>`__
 * `GetFEM++ <https://getfem.org/>`__ (customized)
 * `Glasgow Haskell Compiler <https://downloads.haskell.org/~ghc/latest/docs/html/users_guide/>`__ (customized)
-* `Grok <http://grok.zope.org/doc/current/>`__ (customized)
+* `Grok <https://web.archive.org/web/20230708190705/http://grok.zope.org/doc/current/>`__ (customized)
 * `GROMACS <https://manual.gromacs.org/documentation/>`__
 * `GSL Shell <https://www.nongnu.org/gsl-shell/>`__
-* `Hands-on Python Tutorial <http://anh.cs.luc.edu/python/hands-on/3.1/handsonHtml/>`__
+* `Hands-on Python Tutorial <https://anh.cs.luc.edu/python/hands-on/3.1/handsonHtml/>`__
 * `Kaa <https://freevo.github.io/kaa-base/>`__ (customized)
 * `Leo <https://leoeditor.com/>`__ (customized)
 * `Mayavi <https://docs.enthought.com/mayavi/mayavi/>`__ (customized)
@@ -80,33 +79,31 @@ Documentation using the classic theme
 * `mpmath <https://mpmath.org/doc/current/>`__
 * `OpenCV <https://docs.opencv.org/>`__ (customized)
 * `OpenEXR <https://excamera.com/articles/26/doc/index.html>`__
-* `OpenGDA <http://www.opengda.org/documentation/>`__
+* `OpenGDA <https://alfred.diamond.ac.uk/documentation/>`__
 * `phpDocumentor <https://docs.phpdoc.org/>`__ (customized)
 * `Plone <https://docs.plone.org/>`__ (customized)
 * `PyEMD <https://pyemd.readthedocs.io/>`__
-* `Pyevolve <http://pyevolve.sourceforge.net/>`__
+* `Pyevolve <https://pyevolve.sourceforge.net/>`__
 * `Pygame <https://www.pygame.org/docs/>`__ (customized)
 * `PyMQI <https://dsuch.github.io/pymqi/>`__
-* `PyQt4 <http://pyqt.sourceforge.net/Docs/PyQt4/>`__ (customized)
-* `PyQt5 <http://pyqt.sourceforge.net/Docs/PyQt5/>`__ (customized)
+* `PyQt4 <https://pyqt.sourceforge.net/Docs/PyQt4/>`__ (customized)
+* `PyQt5 <https://pyqt.sourceforge.net/Docs/PyQt5/>`__ (customized)
 * `Python 2 <https://docs.python.org/2/>`__
 * `Python 3 <https://docs.python.org/3/>`__ (customized)
 * `Python Packaging Authority <https://www.pypa.io/>`__ (customized)
-* `Ring programming language <http://ring-lang.sourceforge.net/doc/>`__ (customized)
+* `Ring programming language <https://ring-lang.sourceforge.net/doc/>`__ (customized)
 * `SageMath <https://doc.sagemath.org/>`__ (customized)
 * `Segway <https://noble.gs.washington.edu/proj/segway/doc/1.1.0/segway.html>`__
-* `simuPOP <http://simupop.sourceforge.net/manual_release/build/userGuide.html>`__ (customized)
-* `Sprox <http://sprox.org/>`__ (customized)
+* `simuPOP <https://simupop.sourceforge.net/manual_release/build/userGuide.html>`__ (customized)
 * `SymPy <https://docs.sympy.org/>`__
 * `TurboGears <https://turbogears.readthedocs.io/>`__ (customized)
 * `tvtk <https://docs.enthought.com/mayavi/tvtk/>`__
 * `Varnish <https://www.varnish-cache.org/docs/>`__ (customized, alabaster for index)
 * `Waf <https://waf.io/apidocs/>`__
 * `wxPython Phoenix <https://wxpython.org/Phoenix/docs/html/main.html>`__ (customized)
-* `Yum <http://yum.baseurl.org/api/yum/>`__
 * `z3c <https://www.ibiblio.org/paulcarduner/z3ctutorial/>`__
 * `zc.async <https://pythonhosted.org/zc.async/>`__ (customized)
-* `Zope <https://docs.zope.org/zope2/>`__ (customized)
+* `Zope <https://www.zope.dev/>`__ (customized)
 
 Documentation using the sphinxdoc theme
 ---------------------------------------
@@ -115,16 +112,15 @@ Documentation using the sphinxdoc theme
 * `cartopy <https://scitools.org.uk/cartopy/docs/latest/>`__
 * `Jython <https://jython.readthedocs.io/>`__
 * `LLVM <https://llvm.org/docs/>`__
-* `MDAnalysis Tutorial <https://www.mdanalysis.org/MDAnalysisTutorial/>`__
 * `PyCantonese <https://pycantonese.org/>`__
 * `Pyre <https://pyre.readthedocs.io/>`__
 * `pySPACE <https://pyspace.github.io/pyspace/>`__
-* `Pysparse <http://pysparse.sourceforge.net/>`__
+* `Pysparse <https://pysparse.sourceforge.net/>`__
 * `PyTango <https://www.esrf.eu/computing/cs/tango/tango_doc/kernel_doc/pytango/latest/>`__
 * `Python Wild Magic <https://vmlaker.github.io/pythonwildmagic/>`__ (customized)
 * `RDKit <https://www.rdkit.org/docs/>`__
-* `Reteisi <http://www.reteisi.org/contents.html>`__ (customized)
-* `Sqlkit <http://sqlkit.argolinux.org/>`__ (customized)
+* `Reteisi <https://www.reteisi.org/contents.html>`__ (customized)
+* `Sqlkit <https://sqlkit.argolinux.org/>`__ (customized)
 * `Turbulenz <http://docs.turbulenz.com/>`__
 
 Documentation using the nature theme
@@ -141,7 +137,7 @@ Documentation using the nature theme
 * `Setuptools <https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/>`__
 * `Spring Python <https://docs.spring.io/spring-python/1.2.x/sphinx/html/>`__
 * `StatsModels <https://www.statsmodels.org/>`__ (customized)
-* `Sylli <http://sylli.sourceforge.net/>`__
+* `Sylli <https://sylli.sourceforge.net/>`__
 
 Documentation using another builtin theme
 -----------------------------------------
@@ -225,7 +221,7 @@ Documentation using sphinx_rtd_theme
 * `Linux kernel <https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/index.html>`__
 * `Mailman <https://docs.list.org/>`__
 * `MathJax <https://docs.mathjax.org/>`__
-* `MDTraj <http://mdtraj.org/>`__ (customized)
+* `MDTraj <https://mdtraj.org/>`__ (customized)
 * `Mesa 3D <https://docs.mesa3d.org/>`__
 * `micca - MICrobial Community Analysis <https://micca.readthedocs.io/>`__
 * `MicroPython <https://docs.micropython.org/>`__
@@ -268,7 +264,7 @@ Documentation using sphinx_rtd_theme
 * `Free your information from their silos (French) <https://redaction-technique.org/>`__ (customized)
 * `Releases Sphinx extension <https://releases.readthedocs.io/>`__
 * `Qtile <https://docs.qtile.org/>`__
-* `Quex <http://quex.sourceforge.net/doc/html/main.html>`__
+* `Quex <https://quex.sourceforge.net/doc/html/main.html>`__
 * `QuTiP <https://qutip.org/docs/latest/>`__
 * `Scapy <https://scapy.readthedocs.io/>`__
 * `SimGrid <https://simgrid.org/doc/latest/>`__
@@ -283,12 +279,11 @@ Documentation using sphinx_rtd_theme
 * `Sphinx with Github Webpages <https://runawayhorse001.github.io/SphinxGithub>`__
 * `SpotBugs <https://spotbugs.readthedocs.io/>`__
 * `StarUML <https://docs.staruml.io/>`__
-* `Sublime Text Unofficial Documentation <http://docs.sublimetext.info/>`__
+* `Sublime Text Unofficial Documentation <https://docs.sublimetext.info/>`__
 * `SunPy <https://docs.sunpy.org/>`__
 * `Sylius <https://docs.sylius.com/>`__
 * `Syncthing <https://docs.syncthing.net/>`__
 * `Tango Controls <https://tango-controls.readthedocs.io/>`__ (customized)
-* `Topshelf <https://docs.topshelf-project.com/>`__
 * `ThreatConnect <https://docs.threatconnect.com/>`__
 * `TrueNAS <https://www.ixsystems.com/documentation/truenas/>`__ (customized)
 * `Tuleap <https://tuleap.net/doc/en/>`__
@@ -381,12 +376,11 @@ Documentation using a custom theme or integrated in a website
 * `ndnSIM <https://ndnsim.net/current/>`__
 * `nose <https://nose.readthedocs.io/>`__
 * `ns-3 <https://www.nsnam.org/documentation/>`__
-* `ObjectListView <http://objectlistview.sourceforge.net/python/>`__
+* `ObjectListView <https://objectlistview.sourceforge.net/python/>`__
 * `OpenERP <https://doc.odoo.com/>`__
 * `OpenCV <https://docs.opencv.org/>`__
 * `Open Dylan <https://opendylan.org/>`__
-* `OpenLayers <http://docs.openlayers.org/>`__
-* `OpenTURNS <https://openturns.github.io/openturns/master/>`__
+* `OpenTURNS <https://openturns.github.io/openturns/latest/>`__
 * `Open vSwitch <https://docs.openvswitch.org/>`__
 * `PlatformIO <https://docs.platformio.org/>`__
 * `Psycopg <https://www.psycopg.org/docs/>`__
@@ -407,7 +401,7 @@ Documentation using a custom theme or integrated in a website
 * `Substance D <https://docs.pylonsproject.org/projects/substanced/>`__
 * `Sulu <https://docs.sulu.io/>`__
 * `SQLAlchemy <https://docs.sqlalchemy.org/>`__
-* `tinyTiM <http://tinytim.sourceforge.net/docs/2.0/>`__
+* `tinyTiM <https://tinytim.sourceforge.net/docs/2.0/>`__
 * `Twisted <https://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/>`__
 * `Ubuntu Packaging Guide <https://packaging.ubuntu.com/html/>`__
 * `WTForms <https://wtforms.readthedocs.io/>`__
@@ -415,7 +409,7 @@ Documentation using a custom theme or integrated in a website
 Homepages and other non-documentation sites
 -------------------------------------------
 
-* `Alan Crosswell's Using the Django REST Framework and DRF-JSONAPI <http://www.columbia.edu/~alan/django-jsonapi-training/>`__
+* `Alan Crosswell's Using the Django REST Framework and DRF-JSONAPI <https://www.columbia.edu/~alan/django-jsonapi-training/>`__
 * `Arizona State University PHY494/PHY598/CHM598 Simulation approaches to Bio-and Nanophysics <https://becksteinlab.physics.asu.edu/pages/courses/2013/SimBioNano/>`__ (classic)
 * `Benoit Boissinot <https://bboissin.appspot.com/>`__ (classic, customized)
 * `EBI Cloud Consultancy Team <https://tsi-ccdoc.readthedocs.io/>`__ (sphinx_rtd_theme)
@@ -446,7 +440,7 @@ Books produced using Sphinx
 * `"Learning System Programming with Go (Japanese)" <https://www.lambdanote.com/products/go>`__
 * `"Mercurial: the definitive guide (Second edition)" <https://book.mercurial-scm.org/>`__
 * `"Mithril -- The fastest clientside MVC (Japanese)" <https://www.oreilly.co.jp/books/9784873117447/>`__
-* `"Pioneers and Prominent Men of Utah" <http://pioneers.rstebbing.com/>`__
+* "Pioneers and Prominent Men of Utah"
 * `"Pomodoro Technique Illustrated" (Japanese translation) <https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/4048689525/>`__
 * `"Professional Software Development" <https://mixmastamyk.bitbucket.io/pro_soft_dev/>`__
 * `"Python Professional Programming" (in Japanese) <https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/4798032948/>`__
diff --git a/doc/faq.rst b/doc/faq.rst
index 85ccb245e..8538cdc0c 100644
--- a/doc/faq.rst
+++ b/doc/faq.rst
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ Google Analytics
         (function() {
           var ga = document.createElement('script');
           ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ?
-                    'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
+                    'https://ssl' : 'https://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
           ga.setAttribute('async', 'true');
           document.documentElement.firstChild.appendChild(ga);
         })();
diff --git a/doc/support.rst b/doc/support.rst
index b7c6f01df..0d349a012 100644
--- a/doc/support.rst
+++ b/doc/support.rst
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ mailing list on Google Groups, come to the ``#sphinx-doc`` channel on
 Examples of other projects using Sphinx can be found in the :doc:`examples page
 <examples>`. A useful tutorial_ has been written by the matplotlib developers.
 
-.. _tutorial: http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net/sampledoc/
+.. _tutorial: https://matplotlib.sourceforge.net/sampledoc/
 
 There is a translation team in Transifex_ of this documentation, thanks to the
 Sphinx document translators.
diff --git a/doc/tutorial/automatic-doc-generation.rst b/doc/tutorial/automatic-doc-generation.rst
index b47673d18..8d9c9c9c7 100644
--- a/doc/tutorial/automatic-doc-generation.rst
+++ b/doc/tutorial/automatic-doc-generation.rst
@@ -160,6 +160,6 @@ originally used the corresponding ``autodoc`` directive, in this case in the
 .. note::
 
    The generated files are based on `Jinja2
-   templates <https://jinja2docs.readthedocs.io/>`_ that
+   templates <https://jinja.palletsprojects.com/>`_ that
    :ref:`can be customized <autosummary-customizing-templates>`,
    but that is out of scope for this tutorial.
diff --git a/doc/tutorial/describing-code.rst b/doc/tutorial/describing-code.rst
index aac761f78..16feb2af3 100644
--- a/doc/tutorial/describing-code.rst
+++ b/doc/tutorial/describing-code.rst
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ C, C++, JavaScript, and reStructuredText. Third-party extensions may
 define domains for more languages, such as
 
 - `Fortran <https://sphinx-fortran.readthedocs.io>`_,
-- `Julia <http://bastikr.github.io/sphinx-julia>`_, or
+- `Julia <https://bastikr.github.io/sphinx-julia>`_, or
 - `PHP <https://github.com/markstory/sphinxcontrib-phpdomain>`_.
 
 For example, to document a C++ type definition, you would use the built-in
diff --git a/doc/usage/builders/index.rst b/doc/usage/builders/index.rst
index 92c88839d..36d5799cd 100644
--- a/doc/usage/builders/index.rst
+++ b/doc/usage/builders/index.rst
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ The most common builders are:
    This builder produces the same output as the standalone HTML builder, but
    also generates an *epub* file for ebook readers.  See :ref:`epub-faq` for
    details about it.  For definition of the epub format, have a look at
-   `<http://idpf.org/epub>`_ or `<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPUB>`_.
+   `<https://idpf.org/epub>`_ or `<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPUB>`_.
    The builder creates *EPUB 3* files.
 
    .. autoattribute:: name
diff --git a/doc/usage/configuration.rst b/doc/usage/configuration.rst
index cde97a7e6..2829b0827 100644
--- a/doc/usage/configuration.rst
+++ b/doc/usage/configuration.rst
@@ -1964,7 +1964,7 @@ the `Dublin Core metadata <https://dublincore.org/>`_.
    Meta data for the guide element of :file:`content.opf`. This is a
    sequence of tuples containing the *type*, the *uri* and the *title* of
    the optional guide information. See the OPF documentation
-   at `<http://idpf.org/epub>`_ for details. If possible, default entries
+   at `<https://idpf.org/epub>`_ for details. If possible, default entries
    for the *cover* and *toc* types are automatically inserted. However,
    the types can be explicitly overwritten if the default entries are not
    appropriate. Example::
@@ -2367,7 +2367,7 @@ These options influence LaTeX output.
    usage).  This means that words with UTF-8 characters will get
    ordered correctly for the :confval:`language`.
 
-   __ http://xindy.sourceforge.net/
+   __ https://xindy.sourceforge.net/
 
    - This option is ignored if :confval:`latex_engine` is ``'platex'``
      (Japanese documents; :program:`mendex` replaces :program:`makeindex`
@@ -2743,7 +2743,7 @@ Options for the linkcheck builder
    A list of regular expressions that match URIs that should not be checked
    when doing a ``linkcheck`` build.  Example::
 
-      linkcheck_ignore = [r'http://localhost:\d+/']
+      linkcheck_ignore = [r'https://localhost:\d+/']
 
    .. versionadded:: 1.1
 
diff --git a/doc/usage/extensions/math.rst b/doc/usage/extensions/math.rst
index a6f7449b9..251d72117 100644
--- a/doc/usage/extensions/math.rst
+++ b/doc/usage/extensions/math.rst
@@ -316,5 +316,5 @@ package jsMath_.  It provides this config value:
 .. _dvisvgm: https://dvisvgm.de/
 .. _dvisvgm FAQ: https://dvisvgm.de/FAQ
 .. _MathJax: https://www.mathjax.org/
-.. _jsMath: http://www.math.union.edu/~dpvc/jsmath/
+.. _jsMath: https://www.math.union.edu/~dpvc/jsmath/
 .. _LaTeX preview package: https://www.gnu.org/software/auctex/preview-latex.html
diff --git a/doc/usage/restructuredtext/directives.rst b/doc/usage/restructuredtext/directives.rst
index 4a1ce0e89..4e7985002 100644
--- a/doc/usage/restructuredtext/directives.rst
+++ b/doc/usage/restructuredtext/directives.rst
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ units as well as normal text.
          Module :py:mod:`zipfile`
             Documentation of the :py:mod:`zipfile` standard module.
 
-         `GNU tar manual, Basic Tar Format <http://link>`_
+         `GNU tar manual, Basic Tar Format <https://link>`_
             Documentation for tar archive files, including GNU tar extensions.
 
    There's also a "short form" allowed that looks like this::
diff --git a/sphinx/search/__init__.py b/sphinx/search/__init__.py
index d8f7b5a2c..99c934a0f 100644
--- a/sphinx/search/__init__.py
+++ b/sphinx/search/__init__.py
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ def parse_stop_word(source: str) -> set[str]:
     """
     Parse snowball style word list like this:
 
-    * http://snowball.tartarus.org/algorithms/finnish/stop.txt
+    * https://snowball.tartarus.org/algorithms/finnish/stop.txt
     """
     result: set[str] = set()
     for line in source.splitlines():
diff --git a/sphinx/search/da.py b/sphinx/search/da.py
index 9b5b9f5e3..1d3dec646 100644
--- a/sphinx/search/da.py
+++ b/sphinx/search/da.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import snowballstemmer
 from sphinx.search import SearchLanguage, parse_stop_word
 
 danish_stopwords = parse_stop_word('''
-| source: http://snowball.tartarus.org/algorithms/danish/stop.txt
+| source: https://snowball.tartarus.org/algorithms/danish/stop.txt
 og           | and
 i            | in
 jeg          | I
diff --git a/sphinx/search/de.py b/sphinx/search/de.py
index 1c253fdf7..4f14913fa 100644
--- a/sphinx/search/de.py
+++ b/sphinx/search/de.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import snowballstemmer
 from sphinx.search import SearchLanguage, parse_stop_word
 
 german_stopwords = parse_stop_word('''
-|source: http://snowball.tartarus.org/algorithms/german/stop.txt
+|source: https://snowball.tartarus.org/algorithms/german/stop.txt
 aber           |  but
 
 alle           |  all
diff --git a/sphinx/search/es.py b/sphinx/search/es.py
index c5d9a5c79..517d7eb3e 100644
--- a/sphinx/search/es.py
+++ b/sphinx/search/es.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import snowballstemmer
 from sphinx.search import SearchLanguage, parse_stop_word
 
 spanish_stopwords = parse_stop_word('''
-|source: http://snowball.tartarus.org/algorithms/spanish/stop.txt
+|source: https://snowball.tartarus.org/algorithms/spanish/stop.txt
 de             |  from, of
 la             |  the, her
 que            |  who, that
diff --git a/sphinx/search/fi.py b/sphinx/search/fi.py
index 70114f876..d1e3645bd 100644
--- a/sphinx/search/fi.py
+++ b/sphinx/search/fi.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import snowballstemmer
 from sphinx.search import SearchLanguage, parse_stop_word
 
 finnish_stopwords = parse_stop_word('''
-| source: http://snowball.tartarus.org/algorithms/finnish/stop.txt
+| source: https://snowball.tartarus.org/algorithms/finnish/stop.txt
 | forms of BE
 
 olla
diff --git a/sphinx/search/fr.py b/sphinx/search/fr.py
index 01319dd86..9ae72ebc6 100644
--- a/sphinx/search/fr.py
+++ b/sphinx/search/fr.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import snowballstemmer
 from sphinx.search import SearchLanguage, parse_stop_word
 
 french_stopwords = parse_stop_word('''
-| source: http://snowball.tartarus.org/algorithms/french/stop.txt
+| source: https://snowball.tartarus.org/algorithms/french/stop.txt
 au             |  a + le
 aux            |  a + les
 avec           |  with
diff --git a/sphinx/search/hu.py b/sphinx/search/hu.py
index eed08dbde..c2c2c6c7e 100644
--- a/sphinx/search/hu.py
+++ b/sphinx/search/hu.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import snowballstemmer
 from sphinx.search import SearchLanguage, parse_stop_word
 
 hungarian_stopwords = parse_stop_word('''
-| source: http://snowball.tartarus.org/algorithms/hungarian/stop.txt
+| source: https://snowball.tartarus.org/algorithms/hungarian/stop.txt
 | prepared by Anna Tordai
 a
 ahogy
diff --git a/sphinx/search/it.py b/sphinx/search/it.py
index 7bf712b77..1ac0146ba 100644
--- a/sphinx/search/it.py
+++ b/sphinx/search/it.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import snowballstemmer
 from sphinx.search import SearchLanguage, parse_stop_word
 
 italian_stopwords = parse_stop_word('''
-| source: http://snowball.tartarus.org/algorithms/italian/stop.txt
+| source: https://snowball.tartarus.org/algorithms/italian/stop.txt
 ad             |  a (to) before vowel
 al             |  a + il
 allo           |  a + lo
diff --git a/sphinx/search/ja.py b/sphinx/search/ja.py
index de221ced1..d1e912681 100644
--- a/sphinx/search/ja.py
+++ b/sphinx/search/ja.py
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 """Japanese search language: includes routine to split words."""
 
 # Python Version of TinySegmenter
-# (http://chasen.org/~taku/software/TinySegmenter/)
+# (https://chasen.org/~taku/software/TinySegmenter/)
 # TinySegmenter is super compact Japanese tokenizer.
 #
 # TinySegmenter was originally developed by Taku Kudo <taku(at)chasen.org>.
 # Python Version was developed by xnights <programming.magic(at)gmail.com>.
-# For details, see http://programming-magic.com/?id=170
+# For details, see https://programming-magic.com/?id=170
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
diff --git a/sphinx/search/nl.py b/sphinx/search/nl.py
index a610b12db..b9a3dec64 100644
--- a/sphinx/search/nl.py
+++ b/sphinx/search/nl.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import snowballstemmer
 from sphinx.search import SearchLanguage, parse_stop_word
 
 dutch_stopwords = parse_stop_word('''
-| source: http://snowball.tartarus.org/algorithms/dutch/stop.txt
+| source: https://snowball.tartarus.org/algorithms/dutch/stop.txt
 de             |  the
 en             |  and
 van            |  of, from
diff --git a/sphinx/search/no.py b/sphinx/search/no.py
index a69380b41..7382f78a6 100644
--- a/sphinx/search/no.py
+++ b/sphinx/search/no.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import snowballstemmer
 from sphinx.search import SearchLanguage, parse_stop_word
 
 norwegian_stopwords = parse_stop_word('''
-| source: http://snowball.tartarus.org/algorithms/norwegian/stop.txt
+| source: https://snowball.tartarus.org/algorithms/norwegian/stop.txt
 og             | and
 i              | in
 jeg            | I
diff --git a/sphinx/search/pt.py b/sphinx/search/pt.py
index 908a4179c..f370aaf46 100644
--- a/sphinx/search/pt.py
+++ b/sphinx/search/pt.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import snowballstemmer
 from sphinx.search import SearchLanguage, parse_stop_word
 
 portuguese_stopwords = parse_stop_word('''
-| source: http://snowball.tartarus.org/algorithms/portuguese/stop.txt
+| source: https://snowball.tartarus.org/algorithms/portuguese/stop.txt
 de             |  of, from
 a              |  the; to, at; her
 o              |  the; him
diff --git a/sphinx/search/ru.py b/sphinx/search/ru.py
index b8412c1e8..3a0e5376d 100644
--- a/sphinx/search/ru.py
+++ b/sphinx/search/ru.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import snowballstemmer
 from sphinx.search import SearchLanguage, parse_stop_word
 
 russian_stopwords = parse_stop_word('''
-| source: http://snowball.tartarus.org/algorithms/russian/stop.txt
+| source: https://snowball.tartarus.org/algorithms/russian/stop.txt
 и              | and
 в              | in/into
 во             | alternative form
diff --git a/sphinx/search/sv.py b/sphinx/search/sv.py
index 88cc5602d..2226d158f 100644
--- a/sphinx/search/sv.py
+++ b/sphinx/search/sv.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import snowballstemmer
 from sphinx.search import SearchLanguage, parse_stop_word
 
 swedish_stopwords = parse_stop_word('''
-| source: http://snowball.tartarus.org/algorithms/swedish/stop.txt
+| source: https://snowball.tartarus.org/algorithms/swedish/stop.txt
 och            | and
 det            | it, this/that
 att            | to (with infinitive)
diff --git a/sphinx/texinputs/sphinx.xdy b/sphinx/texinputs/sphinx.xdy
index 0dcf1133c..8df526e51 100644
--- a/sphinx/texinputs/sphinx.xdy
+++ b/sphinx/texinputs/sphinx.xdy
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
 ;; file, with a blank space after \IeC
 
 ;; Details of the syntax are explained at
-;;     http://xindy.sourceforge.net/doc/manual-3.html
+;;     https://xindy.sourceforge.net/doc/manual-3.html
 ;; In absence of :string, "xindy uses an auto-detection mechanism to decide,
 ;; if the pattern is a regular expression or not". But it is not obvious to
 ;; guess, for example "\\_" is not detected as RE but "\\P\{\}" is, so for
diff --git a/sphinx/themes/bizstyle/static/css3-mediaqueries_src.js b/sphinx/themes/bizstyle/static/css3-mediaqueries_src.js
index 787862027..8aedaab99 100644
--- a/sphinx/themes/bizstyle/static/css3-mediaqueries_src.js
+++ b/sphinx/themes/bizstyle/static/css3-mediaqueries_src.js
@@ -4,15 +4,15 @@ css3-mediaqueries.js - CSS Helper and CSS3 Media Queries Enabler
 author: Wouter van der Graaf <wouter at dynora nl>
 version: 1.0 (20110330)
 license: MIT
-website: http://code.google.com/p/css3-mediaqueries-js/
+website: https://code.google.com/p/css3-mediaqueries-js/
 
-W3C spec: http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-mediaqueries/
+W3C spec: https://www.w3.org/TR/css3-mediaqueries/
 
 Note: use of embedded <style> is not recommended when using media queries, because IE  has no way of returning the raw literal css text from a <style> element.
 */
 
 
-// true prototypal inheritance (http://javascript.crockford.com/prototypal.html)
+// true prototypal inheritance (https://javascript.crockford.com/prototypal.html)
 if (typeof Object.create !== 'function') {
 	Object.create = function (o) {
 		function F() {}
diff --git a/sphinx/themes/haiku/static/haiku.css_t b/sphinx/themes/haiku/static/haiku.css_t
index bccc3ea06..4e10d1e25 100644
--- a/sphinx/themes/haiku/static/haiku.css_t
+++ b/sphinx/themes/haiku/static/haiku.css_t
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  *
  * Sphinx stylesheet -- haiku theme.
  *
- * Adapted from http://haiku-os.org/docs/Haiku-doc.css.
+ * Adapted from https://haiku-os.org/docs/Haiku-doc.css.
  * Original copyright message:
  *
  *     Copyright 2008-2009, Haiku. All rights reserved.
diff --git a/sphinx/themes/scrolls/artwork/logo.svg b/sphinx/themes/scrolls/artwork/logo.svg
index 0907a4ea3..b281baf03 100644
--- a/sphinx/themes/scrolls/artwork/logo.svg
+++ b/sphinx/themes/scrolls/artwork/logo.svg
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
-<!-- Created with Inkscape (http://www.inkscape.org/) -->
+<!-- Created with Inkscape (https://www.inkscape.org/) -->
 <svg
    xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
    xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#"
diff --git a/sphinx/writers/html.py b/sphinx/writers/html.py
index 99d47c9a3..06551d62a 100644
--- a/sphinx/writers/html.py
+++ b/sphinx/writers/html.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 HTMLTranslator = HTML5Translator
 
 # A good overview of the purpose behind these classes can be found here:
-# http://www.arnebrodowski.de/blog/write-your-own-restructuredtext-writer.html
+# https://www.arnebrodowski.de/blog/write-your-own-restructuredtext-writer.html
 
 
 class HTMLWriter(Writer):
diff --git a/sphinx/writers/html5.py b/sphinx/writers/html5.py
index fd551853b..6f28e395a 100644
--- a/sphinx/writers/html5.py
+++ b/sphinx/writers/html5.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 # A good overview of the purpose behind these classes can be found here:
-# http://www.arnebrodowski.de/blog/write-your-own-restructuredtext-writer.html
+# https://www.arnebrodowski.de/blog/write-your-own-restructuredtext-writer.html
 
 
 def multiply_length(length: str, scale: int) -> str:
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode/conf.py
index 5e07214fd..d6de1d969 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode/conf.py
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode/conf.py
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ if 'test_linkcode' in tags:
     def linkcode_resolve(domain, info):
         if domain == 'py':
             fn = info['module'].replace('.', '/')
-            return "http://foobar/source/%s.py" % fn
+            return "https://foobar/source/%s.py" % fn
         elif domain == "js":
-            return "http://foobar/js/" + info['fullname']
+            return "https://foobar/js/" + info['fullname']
         elif domain in ("c", "cpp"):
-            return f"http://foobar/{domain}/{''.join(info['names'])}"
+            return f"https://foobar/{domain}/{''.join(info['names'])}"
         else:
             raise AssertionError()
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-footnotes/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-footnotes/index.rst
index f2c5d0e3e..e4490ed41 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-footnotes/index.rst
+++ b/tests/roots/test-footnotes/index.rst
@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ The section with a reference to [AuthorYear]_
 
 * First footnote: [#]_
 * Second footnote: [1]_
-* `Sphinx <http://sphinx-doc.org/>`_
+* `Sphinx <https://sphinx-doc.org/>`_
 * Third footnote: [#]_
 * Fourth footnote: [#named]_
-* `URL including tilde <http://sphinx-doc.org/~test/>`_
+* `URL including tilde <https://sphinx-doc.org/~test/>`_
 * GitHub Page: `https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx <https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx>`_
 * Mailing list: `sphinx-dev@googlegroups.com <mailto:sphinx-dev@googlegroups.com>`_
 
@@ -49,13 +49,13 @@ The section with a reference to [#]_
 
 .. [#] Footnote in section
 
-`URL in term <http://sphinx-doc.org/>`_
+`URL in term <https://sphinx-doc.org/>`_
     Description Description Description ...
 
 Footnote in term [#]_
     Description Description Description ...
 
-    `Term in deflist <http://sphinx-doc.org/>`_
+    `Term in deflist <https://sphinx-doc.org/>`_
         Description2
 
 .. [#] Footnote in term
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/definition_terms.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/definition_terms.txt
index 4c562881a..19d4fcb5f 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-intl/definition_terms.txt
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/definition_terms.txt
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ i18n with definition terms
 Some term
    The corresponding definition
 
-Some *term* `with link <http://sphinx-doc.org/>`__
+Some *term* `with link <https://sphinx-doc.org/>`__
    The corresponding definition #2
 
 Some **term** with : classifier1  : classifier2
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/external_links.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/external_links.txt
index 1cecbeeb8..2d0c063c5 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-intl/external_links.txt
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/external_links.txt
@@ -8,12 +8,12 @@ External link to Python_.
 
 Internal link to `i18n with external links`_.
 
-Inline link by `Sphinx Site <http://sphinx-doc.org>`_.
+Inline link by `Sphinx Site <https://sphinx-doc.org>`_.
 
 Unnamed link__.
 
-.. _Python: http://python.org/index.html
-.. __: http://google.com
+.. _Python: https://python.org/index.html
+.. __: https://google.com
 
 
 link target swapped translation
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ link target swapped translation
 
 link to external1_ and external2_.
 
-link to `Sphinx Site <http://sphinx-doc.org>`_ and `Python Site <http://python.org>`_.
+link to `Sphinx Site <https://sphinx-doc.org>`_ and `Python Site <https://python.org>`_.
 
 .. _external1: https://www.google.com/external1
 .. _external2: https://www.google.com/external2
@@ -30,6 +30,6 @@ link to `Sphinx Site <http://sphinx-doc.org>`_ and `Python Site <http://python.o
 Multiple references in the same line
 =====================================
 
-Link to `Sphinx Site <http://sphinx-doc.org>`_, `Python Site <http://python.org>`_, Python_, Unnamed__ and `i18n with external links`_.
+Link to `Sphinx Site <https://sphinx-doc.org>`_, `Python Site <https://python.org>`_, Python_, Unnamed__ and `i18n with external links`_.
 
-.. __: http://google.com
+.. __: https://google.com
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/raw.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/raw.txt
index fe77f6c80..182594177 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-intl/raw.txt
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/raw.txt
@@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ Raw
 
 .. raw:: html
 
-   <iframe src="http://sphinx-doc.org"></iframe>
+   <iframe src="https://sphinx-doc.org"></iframe>
 
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/refs.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/refs.txt
index 4a094b2aa..ab52ef136 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-intl/refs.txt
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/refs.txt
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Translation Tips
 
 .. _download Sphinx: https://pypi.org/project/Sphinx/
 .. _Docutils site: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/
-.. _Sphinx site: http://sphinx-doc.org/
+.. _Sphinx site: https://sphinx-doc.org/
 
 
 A-1. Here's how you can `download Sphinx`_.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/refs_inconsistency.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/refs_inconsistency.txt
index b16623a28..48405975b 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-intl/refs_inconsistency.txt
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/refs_inconsistency.txt
@@ -10,4 +10,4 @@ i18n with refs inconsistency
 .. [#] This is a auto numbered footnote.
 .. [ref2] This is a citation.
 .. [100] This is a numbered footnote.
-.. _reference: http://www.example.com
+.. _reference: https://www.example.com
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/definition_terms.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/definition_terms.po
index 1752dd66f..a19c9d19f 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/definition_terms.po
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/definition_terms.po
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ msgstr "SOME TERM"
 msgid "The corresponding definition"
 msgstr "THE CORRESPONDING DEFINITION"
 
-msgid "Some *term* `with link <http://sphinx-doc.org/>`__"
-msgstr "SOME *TERM* `WITH LINK <http://sphinx-doc.org/>`__"
+msgid "Some *term* `with link <https://sphinx-doc.org/>`__"
+msgstr "SOME *TERM* `WITH LINK <https://sphinx-doc.org/>`__"
 
 msgid "The corresponding definition #2"
 msgstr "THE CORRESPONDING DEFINITION #2"
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/external_links.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/external_links.po
index 8c53abbd4..345dc9554 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/external_links.po
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/external_links.po
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ msgstr "EXTERNAL LINK TO Python_."
 msgid "Internal link to `i18n with external links`_."
 msgstr "`EXTERNAL LINKS`_ IS INTERNAL LINK."
 
-msgid "Inline link by `Sphinx Site <http://sphinx-doc.org>`_."
-msgstr "INLINE LINK BY `THE SPHINX SITE <http://sphinx-doc.org>`_."
+msgid "Inline link by `Sphinx Site <https://sphinx-doc.org>`_."
+msgstr "INLINE LINK BY `THE SPHINX SITE <https://sphinx-doc.org>`_."
 
 msgid "Unnamed link__."
 msgstr "UNNAMED LINK__."
@@ -37,11 +37,11 @@ msgstr "LINK TARGET SWAPPED TRANSLATION"
 msgid "link to external1_ and external2_."
 msgstr "LINK TO external2_ AND external1_."
 
-msgid "link to `Sphinx Site <http://sphinx-doc.org>`_ and `Python Site <http://python.org>`_."
-msgstr "LINK TO `THE PYTHON SITE <http://python.org>`_ AND `THE SPHINX SITE <http://sphinx-doc.org>`_."
+msgid "link to `Sphinx Site <https://sphinx-doc.org>`_ and `Python Site <https://python.org>`_."
+msgstr "LINK TO `THE PYTHON SITE <https://python.org>`_ AND `THE SPHINX SITE <https://sphinx-doc.org>`_."
 
 msgid "Multiple references in the same line"
 msgstr "MULTIPLE REFERENCES IN THE SAME LINE"
 
-msgid "Link to `Sphinx Site <http://sphinx-doc.org>`_, `Python Site <http://python.org>`_, Python_, Unnamed__ and `i18n with external links`_."
-msgstr "LINK TO `EXTERNAL LINKS`_, Python_, `THE SPHINX SITE <http://sphinx-doc.org>`_, UNNAMED__ AND `THE PYTHON SITE <http://python.org>`_."
+msgid "Link to `Sphinx Site <https://sphinx-doc.org>`_, `Python Site <https://python.org>`_, Python_, Unnamed__ and `i18n with external links`_."
+msgstr "LINK TO `EXTERNAL LINKS`_, Python_, `THE SPHINX SITE <https://sphinx-doc.org>`_, UNNAMED__ AND `THE PYTHON SITE <https://python.org>`_."
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/raw.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/raw.po
index f2e88937e..303f46b77 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/raw.po
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/raw.po
@@ -16,6 +16,6 @@ msgstr ""
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 
-msgid "<iframe src=\"http://sphinx-doc.org\"></iframe>"
-msgstr "<iframe src=\"HTTP://SPHINX-DOC.ORG\"></iframe>"
+msgid "<iframe src=\"https://sphinx-doc.org\"></iframe>"
+msgstr "<iframe src=\"HTTPS://SPHINX-DOC.ORG\"></iframe>"
 
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-need-escaped/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-need-escaped/index.rst
index 9ef74e00a..29a24fae8 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-need-escaped/index.rst
+++ b/tests/roots/test-need-escaped/index.rst
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Contents:
 
    foo
    bar
-   http://sphinx-doc.org/
+   https://sphinx-doc.org/
    baz
    qux
 
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-roles-download/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-roles-download/index.rst
index 45672efdc..9d2c62277 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-roles-download/index.rst
+++ b/tests/roots/test-roles-download/index.rst
@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ test-roles-download
 * :download:`dummy.dat`
 * :download:`another/dummy.dat`
 * :download:`not_found.dat`
-* :download:`Sphinx logo <http://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/_static/sphinx-logo.svg>`
+* :download:`Sphinx logo <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/_static/sphinx-logo.svg>`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-root/conf.py
index 154d4d120..a14ffaf97 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-root/conf.py
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/conf.py
@@ -114,8 +114,8 @@ latex_elements = {
 coverage_c_path = ['special/*.h']
 coverage_c_regexes = {'function': r'^PyAPI_FUNC\(.*\)\s+([^_][\w_]+)'}
 
-extlinks = {'issue': ('http://bugs.python.org/issue%s', 'issue %s'),
-            'pyurl': ('http://python.org/%s', None)}
+extlinks = {'issue': ('https://bugs.python.org/issue%s', 'issue %s'),
+            'pyurl': ('https://python.org/%s', None)}
 
 # modify tags from conf.py
 tags.add('confpytag')
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/index.txt b/tests/roots/test-root/index.txt
index e39c958b3..6a3766862 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-root/index.txt
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/index.txt
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ Contents:
    lists
    otherext
 
-   http://sphinx-doc.org/
-   Latest reference <http://sphinx-doc.org/latest/>
-   Python <http://python.org/>
+   https://sphinx-doc.org/
+   Latest reference <https://sphinx-doc.org/latest/>
+   Python <https://python.org/>
 
 Indices and tables
 ==================
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/markup.txt b/tests/roots/test-root/markup.txt
index b59a652ee..20c642b1e 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-root/markup.txt
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/markup.txt
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ Reference lookup underscore: [Ref_1]_
 
 .. seealso:: something, something else, something more
 
-   `Google <http://www.google.com>`_
+   `Google <https://www.google.com>`_
        For everything.
 
 .. hlist::
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree/index.rst
index adf1b84dd..d56f2f68c 100644
--- a/tests/roots/test-toctree/index.rst
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree/index.rst
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Contents:
 
    foo
    bar
-   http://sphinx-doc.org/
+   https://sphinx-doc.org/
    self
 
 .. only:: html
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ This used to crash:
 .. toctree::
    :hidden:
 
-   Latest reference <http://sphinx-doc.org/latest/>
-   Python <http://python.org/>
+   Latest reference <https://sphinx-doc.org/latest/>
+   Python <https://python.org/>
 
 Indices and tables
 ==================
diff --git a/tests/test_build_epub.py b/tests/test_build_epub.py
index 12cabac2b..faf278eb3 100644
--- a/tests/test_build_epub.py
+++ b/tests/test_build_epub.py
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ def test_html_download_role(app, status, warning):
             '<span class="pre">not_found.dat</span></code></p></li>' in content)
     assert ('<li><p><code class="xref download docutils literal notranslate">'
             '<span class="pre">Sphinx</span> <span class="pre">logo</span></code>'
-            '<span class="link-target"> [http://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master'
+            '<span class="link-target"> [https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master'
             '/_static/sphinx-logo.svg]</span></p></li>' in content)
 
 
diff --git a/tests/test_build_html.py b/tests/test_build_html.py
index 5707d38b2..0648543cc 100644
--- a/tests/test_build_html.py
+++ b/tests/test_build_html.py
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ def test_html4_error(make_app, tmp_path):
         (".//li[@class='toctree-l2']/a", 'Inline markup'),
         (".//title", 'Sphinx <Tests>'),
         (".//div[@class='footer']", 'copyright text credits'),
-        (".//a[@href='http://python.org/']"
+        (".//a[@href='https://python.org/']"
          "[@class='reference external']", ''),
         (".//li/p/a[@href='genindex.html']/span", 'Index'),
         (".//li/p/a[@href='py-modindex.html']/span", 'Module Index'),
@@ -372,9 +372,9 @@ def test_html4_error(make_app, tmp_path):
         # custom JavaScript
         (".//script[@src='file://moo.js']", ''),
         # URL in contents
-        (".//a[@class='reference external'][@href='http://sphinx-doc.org/']",
-         'http://sphinx-doc.org/'),
-        (".//a[@class='reference external'][@href='http://sphinx-doc.org/latest/']",
+        (".//a[@class='reference external'][@href='https://sphinx-doc.org/']",
+         'https://sphinx-doc.org/'),
+        (".//a[@class='reference external'][@href='https://sphinx-doc.org/latest/']",
          'Latest reference'),
         # Indirect hyperlink targets across files
         (".//a[@href='markup.html#some-label'][@class='reference internal']/span",
@@ -384,9 +384,9 @@ def test_html4_error(make_app, tmp_path):
         (".//title", " File with UTF-8 BOM"),
     ],
     'extensions.html': [
-        (".//a[@href='http://python.org/dev/']", "http://python.org/dev/"),
-        (".//a[@href='http://bugs.python.org/issue1000']", "issue 1000"),
-        (".//a[@href='http://bugs.python.org/issue1042']", "explicit caption"),
+        (".//a[@href='https://python.org/dev/']", "https://python.org/dev/"),
+        (".//a[@href='https://bugs.python.org/issue1000']", "issue 1000"),
+        (".//a[@href='https://bugs.python.org/issue1042']", "explicit caption"),
     ],
     'genindex.html': [
         # index entries
@@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ def test_html_download_role(app, status, warning):
     assert ('<li><p><code class="xref download docutils literal notranslate">'
             '<span class="pre">not_found.dat</span></code></p></li>' in content)
     assert ('<li><p><a class="reference download external" download="" '
-            'href="http://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/_static/sphinx-logo.svg">'
+            'href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/_static/sphinx-logo.svg">'
             '<code class="xref download docutils literal notranslate">'
             '<span class="pre">Sphinx</span> <span class="pre">logo</span>'
             '</code></a></p></li>' in content)
diff --git a/tests/test_build_latex.py b/tests/test_build_latex.py
index 14e7177a8..d4042417f 100644
--- a/tests/test_build_latex.py
+++ b/tests/test_build_latex.py
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ def test_writer(app, status, warning):
             '\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
             'something, something else, something more\n'
             '\\begin{description}\n'
-            '\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{http://www.google.com}{Google}}\n'
+            '\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{https://www.google.com}{Google}}\n'
             '\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
             'For everything.\n'
             '\n'
@@ -866,29 +866,29 @@ def test_latex_show_urls_is_inline(app, status, warning):
     assert ('Second footnote: %\n'
             '\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
             'Second\n%\n\\end{footnote}\n') in result
-    assert '\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/}{Sphinx} (http://sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}doc.org/)' in result
+    assert '\\sphinxhref{https://sphinx-doc.org/}{Sphinx} (https://sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}doc.org/)' in result
     assert ('Third footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[3]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
             'Third \\sphinxfootnotemark[4]\n%\n\\end{footnote}%\n'
             '\\begin{footnotetext}[4]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
             'Footnote inside footnote\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces') in result
     assert ('Fourth footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[5]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
             'Fourth\n%\n\\end{footnote}\n') in result
-    assert ('\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/~test/}{URL including tilde} '
-            '(http://sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}doc.org/\\textasciitilde{}test/)') in result
-    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/}{URL in term} '
-            '(http://sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}doc.org/)}\n'
+    assert ('\\sphinxhref{https://sphinx-doc.org/~test/}{URL including tilde} '
+            '(https://sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}doc.org/\\textasciitilde{}test/)') in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{https://sphinx-doc.org/}{URL in term} '
+            '(https://sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}doc.org/)}\n'
             '\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription' in result)
     assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{Footnote in term \\sphinxfootnotemark[7]}%\n'
             '\\begin{footnotetext}[7]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n' in result)
-    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/}{URL in term} '
-            '(http://sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}doc.org/)}\n'
+    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{https://sphinx-doc.org/}{URL in term} '
+            '(https://sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}doc.org/)}\n'
             '\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription' in result)
     assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{Footnote in term \\sphinxfootnotemark[7]}%\n'
             '\\begin{footnotetext}[7]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
             'Footnote in term\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces '
             '\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription') in result
-    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/}{Term in deflist} '
-            '(http://sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}doc.org/)}'
+    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{https://sphinx-doc.org/}{Term in deflist} '
+            '(https://sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}doc.org/)}'
             '\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription') in result
     assert '\\sphinxurl{https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx}\n' in result
     assert ('\\sphinxhref{mailto:sphinx-dev@googlegroups.com}'
@@ -922,9 +922,9 @@ def test_latex_show_urls_is_footnote(app, status, warning):
     assert ('Second footnote: %\n'
             '\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
             'Second\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
-    assert ('\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/}{Sphinx}'
+    assert ('\\sphinxhref{https://sphinx-doc.org/}{Sphinx}'
             '%\n\\begin{footnote}[4]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            '\\sphinxnolinkurl{http://sphinx-doc.org/}\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
+            '\\sphinxnolinkurl{https://sphinx-doc.org/}\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
     assert ('Third footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[6]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
             'Third \\sphinxfootnotemark[7]\n%\n\\end{footnote}%\n'
             '\\begin{footnotetext}[7]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
@@ -932,25 +932,25 @@ def test_latex_show_urls_is_footnote(app, status, warning):
             '\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces') in result
     assert ('Fourth footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[8]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
             'Fourth\n%\n\\end{footnote}\n') in result
-    assert ('\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/~test/}{URL including tilde}'
+    assert ('\\sphinxhref{https://sphinx-doc.org/~test/}{URL including tilde}'
             '%\n\\begin{footnote}[5]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            '\\sphinxnolinkurl{http://sphinx-doc.org/~test/}\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
-    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/}'
+            '\\sphinxnolinkurl{https://sphinx-doc.org/~test/}\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{https://sphinx-doc.org/}'
             '{URL in term}\\sphinxfootnotemark[10]}%\n'
             '\\begin{footnotetext}[10]'
             '\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            '\\sphinxnolinkurl{http://sphinx-doc.org/}\n%\n'
+            '\\sphinxnolinkurl{https://sphinx-doc.org/}\n%\n'
             '\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces \n\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription') in result
     assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{Footnote in term \\sphinxfootnotemark[12]}%\n'
             '\\begin{footnotetext}[12]'
             '\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
             'Footnote in term\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces '
             '\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription') in result
-    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/}{Term in deflist}'
+    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{https://sphinx-doc.org/}{Term in deflist}'
             '\\sphinxfootnotemark[11]}%\n'
             '\\begin{footnotetext}[11]'
             '\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
-            '\\sphinxnolinkurl{http://sphinx-doc.org/}\n%\n'
+            '\\sphinxnolinkurl{https://sphinx-doc.org/}\n%\n'
             '\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces \n\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription') in result
     assert ('\\sphinxurl{https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx}\n' in result)
     assert ('\\sphinxhref{mailto:sphinx-dev@googlegroups.com}'
@@ -984,21 +984,21 @@ def test_latex_show_urls_is_no(app, status, warning):
     assert ('Second footnote: %\n'
             '\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
             'Second\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
-    assert '\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/}{Sphinx}' in result
+    assert '\\sphinxhref{https://sphinx-doc.org/}{Sphinx}' in result
     assert ('Third footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[3]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
             'Third \\sphinxfootnotemark[4]\n%\n\\end{footnote}%\n'
             '\\begin{footnotetext}[4]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
             'Footnote inside footnote\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces') in result
     assert ('Fourth footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[5]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
             'Fourth\n%\n\\end{footnote}\n') in result
-    assert '\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/~test/}{URL including tilde}' in result
-    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/}{URL in term}}\n'
+    assert '\\sphinxhref{https://sphinx-doc.org/~test/}{URL including tilde}' in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{https://sphinx-doc.org/}{URL in term}}\n'
             '\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription') in result
     assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{Footnote in term \\sphinxfootnotemark[7]}%\n'
             '\\begin{footnotetext}[7]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
             'Footnote in term\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces '
             '\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription') in result
-    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/}{Term in deflist}}'
+    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{https://sphinx-doc.org/}{Term in deflist}}'
             '\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription') in result
     assert ('\\sphinxurl{https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx}\n' in result)
     assert ('\\sphinxhref{mailto:sphinx-dev@googlegroups.com}'
@@ -1009,7 +1009,7 @@ def test_latex_show_urls_is_no(app, status, warning):
 @pytest.mark.sphinx(
     'latex', testroot='footnotes',
     confoverrides={'latex_show_urls': 'footnote',
-                   'rst_prolog': '.. |URL| replace:: `text <http://www.example.com/>`__'})
+                   'rst_prolog': '.. |URL| replace:: `text <https://www.example.com/>`__'})
 def test_latex_show_urls_footnote_and_substitutions(app, status, warning):
     # hyperlinks in substitutions should not effect to make footnotes (refs: #4784)
     test_latex_show_urls_is_footnote(app, status, warning)
diff --git a/tests/test_environment_toctree.py b/tests/test_environment_toctree.py
index 5123715f5..175c6abe4 100644
--- a/tests/test_environment_toctree.py
+++ b/tests/test_environment_toctree.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ def test_process_doc(app):
     assert_node(toctree[0][1][0], addnodes.toctree,
                 caption="Table of Contents", glob=False, hidden=False,
                 titlesonly=False, maxdepth=2, numbered=999,
-                entries=[(None, 'foo'), (None, 'bar'), (None, 'http://sphinx-doc.org/'),
+                entries=[(None, 'foo'), (None, 'bar'), (None, 'https://sphinx-doc.org/'),
                          (None, 'self')],
                 includefiles=['foo', 'bar'])
 
@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ def test_process_doc(app):
     assert_node(toctree[1][1][1], addnodes.toctree,
                 caption=None, glob=False, hidden=True,
                 titlesonly=False, maxdepth=-1, numbered=0,
-                entries=[('Latest reference', 'http://sphinx-doc.org/latest/'),
-                         ('Python', 'http://python.org/')])
+                entries=[('Latest reference', 'https://sphinx-doc.org/latest/'),
+                         ('Python', 'https://python.org/')])
 
     assert_node(toctree[2][0],
                 [compact_paragraph, reference, "Indices and tables"])
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ def test_global_toctree_for_doc(app):
                 ([list_item, ([compact_paragraph, reference, "foo"],
                               bullet_list)],
                  [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "bar"],
-                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "http://sphinx-doc.org/"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "https://sphinx-doc.org/"],
                  [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference,
                   "Welcome to Sphinx Tests’s documentation!"]))
     assert_node(toctree[1][0][1],
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ def test_global_toctree_for_doc(app):
     assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][1][0][0], reference, refuri="foo#foo-1", secnumber=[1, 2])
     assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][2][0][0], reference, refuri="foo#foo-2", secnumber=[1, 3])
     assert_node(toctree[1][1][0][0], reference, refuri="bar", secnumber=[2])
-    assert_node(toctree[1][2][0][0], reference, refuri="http://sphinx-doc.org/")
+    assert_node(toctree[1][2][0][0], reference, refuri="https://sphinx-doc.org/")
     assert_node(toctree[1][3][0][0], reference, refuri="")
 
     assert_node(toctree[2],
@@ -267,8 +267,8 @@ def test_global_toctree_for_doc(app):
     assert_node(toctree[3],
                 ([list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "Latest reference"],
                  [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "Python"]))
-    assert_node(toctree[3][0][0][0], reference, refuri="http://sphinx-doc.org/latest/")
-    assert_node(toctree[3][1][0][0], reference, refuri="http://python.org/")
+    assert_node(toctree[3][0][0][0], reference, refuri="https://sphinx-doc.org/latest/")
+    assert_node(toctree[3][1][0][0], reference, refuri="https://python.org/")
 
 
 @pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='toctree')
@@ -285,12 +285,12 @@ def test_global_toctree_for_doc_collapse(app):
     assert_node(toctree[1],
                 ([list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "foo"],
                  [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "bar"],
-                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "http://sphinx-doc.org/"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "https://sphinx-doc.org/"],
                  [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference,
                   "Welcome to Sphinx Tests’s documentation!"]))
     assert_node(toctree[1][0][0][0], reference, refuri="foo", secnumber=[1])
     assert_node(toctree[1][1][0][0], reference, refuri="bar", secnumber=[2])
-    assert_node(toctree[1][2][0][0], reference, refuri="http://sphinx-doc.org/")
+    assert_node(toctree[1][2][0][0], reference, refuri="https://sphinx-doc.org/")
     assert_node(toctree[1][3][0][0], reference, refuri="")
 
     assert_node(toctree[2],
@@ -298,8 +298,8 @@ def test_global_toctree_for_doc_collapse(app):
     assert_node(toctree[3],
                 ([list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "Latest reference"],
                  [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "Python"]))
-    assert_node(toctree[3][0][0][0], reference, refuri="http://sphinx-doc.org/latest/")
-    assert_node(toctree[3][1][0][0], reference, refuri="http://python.org/")
+    assert_node(toctree[3][0][0][0], reference, refuri="https://sphinx-doc.org/latest/")
+    assert_node(toctree[3][1][0][0], reference, refuri="https://python.org/")
 
 
 @pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='toctree')
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ def test_global_toctree_for_doc_maxdepth(app):
                 ([list_item, ([compact_paragraph, reference, "foo"],
                               bullet_list)],
                  [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "bar"],
-                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "http://sphinx-doc.org/"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "https://sphinx-doc.org/"],
                  [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference,
                   "Welcome to Sphinx Tests’s documentation!"]))
     assert_node(toctree[1][0][1],
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ def test_global_toctree_for_doc_maxdepth(app):
                 reference, refuri="foo#foo-1-1", secnumber=[1, 2, 1])
     assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][2][0][0], reference, refuri="foo#foo-2", secnumber=[1, 3])
     assert_node(toctree[1][1][0][0], reference, refuri="bar", secnumber=[2])
-    assert_node(toctree[1][2][0][0], reference, refuri="http://sphinx-doc.org/")
+    assert_node(toctree[1][2][0][0], reference, refuri="https://sphinx-doc.org/")
     assert_node(toctree[1][3][0][0], reference, refuri="")
 
     assert_node(toctree[2],
@@ -344,8 +344,8 @@ def test_global_toctree_for_doc_maxdepth(app):
     assert_node(toctree[3],
                 ([list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "Latest reference"],
                  [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "Python"]))
-    assert_node(toctree[3][0][0][0], reference, refuri="http://sphinx-doc.org/latest/")
-    assert_node(toctree[3][1][0][0], reference, refuri="http://python.org/")
+    assert_node(toctree[3][0][0][0], reference, refuri="https://sphinx-doc.org/latest/")
+    assert_node(toctree[3][1][0][0], reference, refuri="https://python.org/")
 
 
 @pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='toctree')
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ def test_global_toctree_for_doc_includehidden(app):
                 ([list_item, ([compact_paragraph, reference, "foo"],
                               bullet_list)],
                  [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "bar"],
-                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "http://sphinx-doc.org/"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "https://sphinx-doc.org/"],
                  [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference,
                   "Welcome to Sphinx Tests’s documentation!"]))
     assert_node(toctree[1][0][1],
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ def test_global_toctree_for_doc_includehidden(app):
     assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][1][0][0], reference, refuri="foo#foo-1", secnumber=[1, 2])
     assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][2][0][0], reference, refuri="foo#foo-2", secnumber=[1, 3])
     assert_node(toctree[1][1][0][0], reference, refuri="bar", secnumber=[2])
-    assert_node(toctree[1][2][0][0], reference, refuri="http://sphinx-doc.org/")
+    assert_node(toctree[1][2][0][0], reference, refuri="https://sphinx-doc.org/")
 
     assert_node(toctree[2],
                 [bullet_list, list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "baz"])
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_graphviz.py b/tests/test_ext_graphviz.py
index d63dc2a36..65da22a9b 100644
--- a/tests/test_ext_graphviz.py
+++ b/tests/test_ext_graphviz.py
@@ -150,17 +150,17 @@ def test_graphviz_parse_mapfile():
 
     # normal graph
     code = ('digraph {\n'
-            '  foo [href="http://www.google.com/"];\n'
+            '  foo [href="https://www.google.com/"];\n'
             '  foo -> bar;\n'
             '}\n')
     content = ('<map id="%3" name="%3">\n'
-               '<area shape="poly" id="node1" href="http://www.google.com/" title="foo" alt=""'
+               '<area shape="poly" id="node1" href="https://www.google.com/" title="foo" alt=""'
                ' coords="77,29,76,22,70,15,62,10,52,7,41,5,30,7,20,10,12,15,7,22,5,29,7,37,12,'
                '43,20,49,30,52,41,53,52,52,62,49,70,43,76,37"/>\n'
                '</map>')
     cmap = ClickableMapDefinition('dummy.map', content, code)
     assert cmap.filename == 'dummy.map'
-    assert cmap.id == 'grapviza4ccdd48ce'
+    assert cmap.id == 'grapvizff087ab863'
     assert len(cmap.clickable) == 1
     assert cmap.generate_clickable_map() == content.replace('%3', cmap.id)
 
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_intersphinx.py b/tests/test_ext_intersphinx.py
index 912cc4e63..b25e68c73 100644
--- a/tests/test_ext_intersphinx.py
+++ b/tests/test_ext_intersphinx.py
@@ -52,41 +52,41 @@ def test_fetch_inventory_redirection(_read_from_url, InventoryFile, app, status,
     _read_from_url().readline.return_value = b'# Sphinx inventory version 2'
 
     # same uri and inv, not redirected
-    _read_from_url().url = 'http://hostname/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME
-    fetch_inventory(app, 'http://hostname/', 'http://hostname/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME)
+    _read_from_url().url = 'https://hostname/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME
+    fetch_inventory(app, 'https://hostname/', 'https://hostname/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME)
     assert 'intersphinx inventory has moved' not in status.getvalue()
-    assert InventoryFile.load.call_args[0][1] == 'http://hostname/'
+    assert InventoryFile.load.call_args[0][1] == 'https://hostname/'
 
     # same uri and inv, redirected
     status.seek(0)
     status.truncate(0)
-    _read_from_url().url = 'http://hostname/new/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME
+    _read_from_url().url = 'https://hostname/new/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME
 
-    fetch_inventory(app, 'http://hostname/', 'http://hostname/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME)
+    fetch_inventory(app, 'https://hostname/', 'https://hostname/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME)
     assert status.getvalue() == ('intersphinx inventory has moved: '
-                                 'http://hostname/%s -> http://hostname/new/%s\n' %
+                                 'https://hostname/%s -> https://hostname/new/%s\n' %
                                  (INVENTORY_FILENAME, INVENTORY_FILENAME))
-    assert InventoryFile.load.call_args[0][1] == 'http://hostname/new'
+    assert InventoryFile.load.call_args[0][1] == 'https://hostname/new'
 
     # different uri and inv, not redirected
     status.seek(0)
     status.truncate(0)
-    _read_from_url().url = 'http://hostname/new/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME
+    _read_from_url().url = 'https://hostname/new/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME
 
-    fetch_inventory(app, 'http://hostname/', 'http://hostname/new/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME)
+    fetch_inventory(app, 'https://hostname/', 'https://hostname/new/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME)
     assert 'intersphinx inventory has moved' not in status.getvalue()
-    assert InventoryFile.load.call_args[0][1] == 'http://hostname/'
+    assert InventoryFile.load.call_args[0][1] == 'https://hostname/'
 
     # different uri and inv, redirected
     status.seek(0)
     status.truncate(0)
-    _read_from_url().url = 'http://hostname/other/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME
+    _read_from_url().url = 'https://hostname/other/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME
 
-    fetch_inventory(app, 'http://hostname/', 'http://hostname/new/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME)
+    fetch_inventory(app, 'https://hostname/', 'https://hostname/new/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME)
     assert status.getvalue() == ('intersphinx inventory has moved: '
-                                 'http://hostname/new/%s -> http://hostname/other/%s\n' %
+                                 'https://hostname/new/%s -> https://hostname/other/%s\n' %
                                  (INVENTORY_FILENAME, INVENTORY_FILENAME))
-    assert InventoryFile.load.call_args[0][1] == 'http://hostname/'
+    assert InventoryFile.load.call_args[0][1] == 'https://hostname/'
 
 
 def test_missing_reference(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
@@ -378,10 +378,10 @@ def test_load_mappings_warnings(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
     set_config(app, {
         'https://docs.python.org/': str(inv_file),
         'py3k': ('https://docs.python.org/py3k/', str(inv_file)),
-        'repoze.workflow': ('http://docs.repoze.org/workflow/', str(inv_file)),
-        'django-taggit': ('http://django-taggit.readthedocs.org/en/latest/',
+        'repoze.workflow': ('https://docs.repoze.org/workflow/', str(inv_file)),
+        'django-taggit': ('https://django-taggit.readthedocs.org/en/latest/',
                           str(inv_file)),
-        12345: ('http://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/stable/', str(inv_file)),
+        12345: ('https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/stable/', str(inv_file)),
     })
 
     # load the inventory and check if it's done correctly
@@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ def test_intersphinx_role(app, warning):
     inv_file = app.srcdir / 'inventory'
     inv_file.write_bytes(inventory_v2)
     app.config.intersphinx_mapping = {
-        'inv': ('http://example.org/', str(inv_file)),
+        'inv': ('https://example.org/', str(inv_file)),
     }
     app.config.intersphinx_cache_limit = 0
     app.config.nitpicky = True
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ def test_intersphinx_role(app, warning):
     content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
     wStr = warning.getvalue()
 
-    html = '<a class="reference external" href="http://example.org/{}" title="(in foo v2.0)">'
+    html = '<a class="reference external" href="https://example.org/{}" title="(in foo v2.0)">'
     assert html.format('foo.html#module-module1') in content
     assert html.format('foo.html#module-module2') in content
     assert "WARNING: external py:mod reference target not found: module3" in wStr
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_viewcode.py b/tests/test_ext_viewcode.py
index a1a0a6d56..bf1e84ae5 100644
--- a/tests/test_ext_viewcode.py
+++ b/tests/test_ext_viewcode.py
@@ -88,10 +88,10 @@ def test_linkcode(app, status, warning):
 
     stuff = (app.outdir / 'objects.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
 
-    assert 'http://foobar/source/foolib.py' in stuff
-    assert 'http://foobar/js/' in stuff
-    assert 'http://foobar/c/' in stuff
-    assert 'http://foobar/cpp/' in stuff
+    assert 'https://foobar/source/foolib.py' in stuff
+    assert 'https://foobar/js/' in stuff
+    assert 'https://foobar/c/' in stuff
+    assert 'https://foobar/cpp/' in stuff
 
 
 @pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-viewcode-find', freshenv=True)
diff --git a/tests/test_intl.py b/tests/test_intl.py
index a07ebfb63..78e8a5eb5 100644
--- a/tests/test_intl.py
+++ b/tests/test_intl.py
@@ -761,7 +761,7 @@ def test_html_undefined_refs(app):
     result = (app.outdir / 'refs_inconsistency.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
 
     expected_expr = ('<a class="reference external" '
-                     'href="http://www.example.com">reference</a>')
+                     'href="https://www.example.com">reference</a>')
     assert len(re.findall(expected_expr, result)) == 2
 
     expected_expr = ('<a class="reference internal" '
@@ -985,7 +985,7 @@ def test_xml_keep_external_links(app):
     assert_elem(
         para0[0],
         ['EXTERNAL LINK TO', 'Python', '.'],
-        ['http://python.org/index.html'])
+        ['https://python.org/index.html'])
 
     # internal link check
     assert_elem(
@@ -997,13 +997,13 @@ def test_xml_keep_external_links(app):
     assert_elem(
         para0[2],
         ['INLINE LINK BY', 'THE SPHINX SITE', '.'],
-        ['http://sphinx-doc.org'])
+        ['https://sphinx-doc.org'])
 
     # unnamed link check
     assert_elem(
         para0[3],
         ['UNNAMED', 'LINK', '.'],
-        ['http://google.com'])
+        ['https://google.com'])
 
     # link target swapped translation
     para1 = secs[1].findall('paragraph')
@@ -1015,7 +1015,7 @@ def test_xml_keep_external_links(app):
     assert_elem(
         para1[1],
         ['LINK TO', 'THE PYTHON SITE', 'AND', 'THE SPHINX SITE', '.'],
-        ['http://python.org', 'http://sphinx-doc.org'])
+        ['https://python.org', 'https://sphinx-doc.org'])
 
     # multiple references in the same line
     para2 = secs[2].findall('paragraph')
@@ -1024,9 +1024,9 @@ def test_xml_keep_external_links(app):
         ['LINK TO', 'EXTERNAL LINKS', ',', 'Python', ',',
          'THE SPHINX SITE', ',', 'UNNAMED', 'AND',
          'THE PYTHON SITE', '.'],
-        ['i18n-with-external-links', 'http://python.org/index.html',
-         'http://sphinx-doc.org', 'http://google.com',
-         'http://python.org'])
+        ['i18n-with-external-links', 'https://python.org/index.html',
+         'https://sphinx-doc.org', 'https://google.com',
+         'https://python.org'])
 
 
 @sphinx_intl
@@ -1195,7 +1195,7 @@ def test_additional_targets_should_not_be_translated(app):
     result = (app.outdir / 'raw.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
 
     # raw block should not be translated
-    expected_expr = """<iframe src="http://sphinx-doc.org"></iframe></section>"""
+    expected_expr = """<iframe src="https://sphinx-doc.org"></iframe></section>"""
     assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
 
     # [figure.txt]
@@ -1274,7 +1274,7 @@ def test_additional_targets_should_be_translated(app):
     result = (app.outdir / 'raw.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
 
     # raw block should be translated
-    expected_expr = """<iframe src="HTTP://SPHINX-DOC.ORG"></iframe></section>"""
+    expected_expr = """<iframe src="HTTPS://SPHINX-DOC.ORG"></iframe></section>"""
     assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
 
     # [figure.txt]