diff --git a/sphinx/builders/__init__.py b/sphinx/builders/__init__.py
index f39698405..3e8ed78d4 100644
--- a/sphinx/builders/__init__.py
+++ b/sphinx/builders/__init__.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ from sphinx.util.build_phase import BuildPhase
 from sphinx.util.display import progress_message, status_iterator
 from sphinx.util.docutils import sphinx_domains
 from sphinx.util.i18n import CatalogRepository, docname_to_domain
-from sphinx.util.osutil import canon_path, ensuredir, relative_uri, relpath
+from sphinx.util.osutil import ensuredir, relative_uri, relpath
 from sphinx.util.parallel import (
     ParallelTasks,
     SerialTasks,
@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ class Builder:
             from sphinx.util.matching import _translate_pattern
 
             master_doc_path = self.env.doc2path(self.config.master_doc)
-            master_doc_canon = canon_path(master_doc_path)
+            master_doc_canon = master_doc_path.as_posix()
             for pat in EXCLUDE_PATHS:
                 if not re.match(_translate_pattern(pat), master_doc_canon):
                     continue
diff --git a/sphinx/environment/__init__.py b/sphinx/environment/__init__.py
index 9496f6968..782b9d94a 100644
--- a/sphinx/environment/__init__.py
+++ b/sphinx/environment/__init__.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import os
 import pickle
 from collections import defaultdict
 from copy import deepcopy
+from pathlib import Path
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from sphinx import addnodes
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ from sphinx.util._timestamps import _format_rfc3339_microseconds
 from sphinx.util.docutils import LoggingReporter
 from sphinx.util.i18n import CatalogRepository, docname_to_domain
 from sphinx.util.nodes import is_translatable
-from sphinx.util.osutil import _last_modified_time, _relative_path, canon_path
+from sphinx.util.osutil import _last_modified_time, _relative_path
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, Iterator, Mapping
@@ -415,7 +416,9 @@ class BuildEnvironment:
         """
         return self.project.doc2path(docname, absolute=base)
 
-    def relfn2path(self, filename: str, docname: str | None = None) -> tuple[str, str]:
+    def relfn2path(
+        self, filename: str | Path, docname: str | None = None
+    ) -> tuple[str, str]:
         """Return paths to a file referenced from a document, relative to
         documentation root and absolute.
 
@@ -423,9 +426,9 @@ class BuildEnvironment:
         source dir, while relative filenames are relative to the dir of the
         containing document.
         """
-        filename = canon_path(filename)
-        if filename.startswith('/'):
-            abs_fn = (self.srcdir / filename[1:]).resolve()
+        file_name = Path(filename)
+        if file_name.parts[:1] in {('/',), ('\\',)}:
+            abs_fn = self.srcdir.joinpath(*file_name.parts[1:]).resolve()
         else:
             if not docname:
                 if self.docname:
@@ -434,10 +437,10 @@ class BuildEnvironment:
                     msg = 'docname'
                     raise KeyError(msg)
             doc_dir = self.doc2path(docname, base=False).parent
-            abs_fn = (self.srcdir / doc_dir / filename).resolve()
+            abs_fn = self.srcdir.joinpath(doc_dir, file_name).resolve()
 
         rel_fn = _relative_path(abs_fn, self.srcdir)
-        return canon_path(rel_fn), os.fspath(abs_fn)
+        return rel_fn.as_posix(), os.fspath(abs_fn)
 
     @property
     def found_docs(self) -> set[str]:
diff --git a/sphinx/util/i18n.py b/sphinx/util/i18n.py
index e4d86c08d..6cc4b3176 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/i18n.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/i18n.py
@@ -16,11 +16,7 @@ from sphinx.errors import SphinxError
 from sphinx.locale import __
 from sphinx.util import logging
 from sphinx.util._pathlib import _StrPath
-from sphinx.util.osutil import (
-    SEP,
-    _last_modified_time,
-    canon_path,
-)
+from sphinx.util.osutil import SEP, _last_modified_time
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     import datetime as dt
@@ -163,7 +159,7 @@ class CatalogRepository:
     @property
     def catalogs(self) -> Iterator[CatalogInfo]:
         for basedir, filename in self.pofiles:
-            domain = canon_path(os.path.splitext(filename)[0])
+            domain = filename.with_suffix('').as_posix()
             yield CatalogInfo(basedir, domain, self.encoding)
 
 
diff --git a/sphinx/util/logging.py b/sphinx/util/logging.py
index efc5dbb2d..fab8acc3b 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/logging.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/logging.py
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import logging
 import logging.handlers
+import os.path
 from collections import defaultdict
 from contextlib import contextmanager, nullcontext
-from os.path import abspath
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from docutils import nodes
@@ -554,9 +554,9 @@ class WarningLogRecordTranslator(SphinxLogRecordTranslator):
 def get_node_location(node: Node) -> str | None:
     source, line = get_source_line(node)
     if source and line:
-        return f'{abspath(source)}:{line}'
+        return f'{os.path.abspath(source)}:{line}'
     if source:
-        return f'{abspath(source)}:'
+        return f'{os.path.abspath(source)}:'
     if line:
         return f'<unknown>:{line}'
     return None