diff --git a/.ruff.toml b/.ruff.toml
index 8d237f239..08576e175 100644
--- a/.ruff.toml
+++ b/.ruff.toml
@@ -32,7 +32,17 @@ select = [
     # airflow ('AIR')
       # Airflow is not used in Sphinx
     # flake8-annotations ('ANN')
-      # NOT YET USED
+#    "ANN001",  # Missing type annotation for function argument `{name}`
+    "ANN002",  # Missing type annotation for `*{name}`
+    "ANN003",  # Missing type annotation for `**{name}`
+#    "ANN101",  # Missing type annotation for `{name}` in method
+#    "ANN102",  # Missing type annotation for `{name}` in classmethod
+#    "ANN201",  # Missing return type annotation for public function `{name}`
+#    "ANN202",  # Missing return type annotation for private function `{name}`
+#    "ANN204",  # Missing return type annotation for special method `{name}`
+    "ANN205",  # Missing return type annotation for staticmethod `{name}`
+    "ANN206",  # Missing return type annotation for classmethod `{name}`
+#    "ANN401",  # Dynamically typed expressions (typing.Any) are disallowed in `{name}`
     # flake8-unused-arguments ('ARG')
     "ARG004",  # Unused static method argument: `{name}`
     # flake8-async ('ASYNC')
@@ -487,6 +497,7 @@ select = [
 
 "tests/*" = [
     "E501",
+    "ANN",  # tests don't need annotations
     "T201",  # whitelist ``print`` for tests
 ]
 
diff --git a/sphinx/addnodes.py b/sphinx/addnodes.py
index d51d6000b..ad2651514 100644
--- a/sphinx/addnodes.py
+++ b/sphinx/addnodes.py
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ class desc_sig_element(nodes.inline, _desc_classes_injector):
         super().__init__(rawsource, text, *children, **attributes)
         self['classes'].extend(self.classes)
 
-    def __init_subclass__(cls, *, _sig_element=False, **kwargs):
+    def __init_subclass__(cls, *, _sig_element=False, **kwargs: Any):
         super().__init_subclass__(**kwargs)
         if _sig_element:
             # add the class to the SIG_ELEMENTS set if asked
diff --git a/sphinx/testing/fixtures.py b/sphinx/testing/fixtures.py
index ae2509428..1e66d8fc0 100644
--- a/sphinx/testing/fixtures.py
+++ b/sphinx/testing/fixtures.py
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ def make_app(test_params: dict, monkeypatch: Any) -> Generator[Callable, None, N
     apps = []
     syspath = sys.path.copy()
 
-    def make(*args, **kwargs):
+    def make(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any):
         status, warning = StringIO(), StringIO()
         kwargs.setdefault('status', status)
         kwargs.setdefault('warning', warning)
diff --git a/sphinx/util/__init__.py b/sphinx/util/__init__.py
index 7cad48a24..ffd051c7f 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/__init__.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/__init__.py
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ class FilenameUniqDict(dict):
         self._existing = state
 
 
-def _md5(data=b'', **_kw):
+def _md5(data=b'', **_kw: Any):
     """Deprecated wrapper around hashlib.md5
 
     To be removed in Sphinx 9.0
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ def _md5(data=b'', **_kw):
     return hashlib.md5(data, usedforsecurity=False)
 
 
-def _sha1(data=b'', **_kw):
+def _sha1(data=b'', **_kw: Any):
     """Deprecated wrapper around hashlib.sha1
 
     To be removed in Sphinx 9.0
diff --git a/utils/bump_docker.py b/utils/bump_docker.py
index ec4a1c7e0..9052a2ea8 100755
--- a/utils/bump_docker.py
+++ b/utils/bump_docker.py
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ for file in DOCKERFILE_BASE, DOCKERFILE_LATEXPDF:
     file.write_text(content, encoding='utf-8')
 
 
-def git(*args):
+def git(*args: str):
     ret = subprocess.run(('git', *args),
                          capture_output=True,
                          cwd=DOCKER_ROOT,