diff --git a/sphinx/domains/std.py b/sphinx/domains/std.py
index f14f65aab..a636299ea 100644
--- a/sphinx/domains/std.py
+++ b/sphinx/domains/std.py
@@ -562,6 +562,11 @@ class StandardDomain(Domain):
                         break
                 else:
                     continue
+            elif node.tagname == 'literal_block':
+                if 'caption' in node:
+                    sectname = node['caption']
+                else:
+                    continue
             else:
                 # anonymous-only labels
                 continue
diff --git a/tests/root/markup.txt b/tests/root/markup.txt
index 8a55e6901..6ed396ac0 100644
--- a/tests/root/markup.txt
+++ b/tests/root/markup.txt
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ Adding \n to test unescaping.
 * :ref:`here <some-label>`
 * :ref:`my-figure`
 * :ref:`my-table`
+* :ref:`my-code-block`
 * :doc:`subdir/includes`
 * ``:download:`` is tested in includes.txt
 * :option:`Python -c option <python -c>`
@@ -228,8 +229,11 @@ Version markup
 Code blocks
 -----------
 
+.. _my-code-block:
+
 .. code-block:: ruby
    :linenos:
+   :caption: my ruby code
 
    def ruby?
        false