This commit disables Sphinx's localisation features when reproducible
builds are requested, as determined by a non-empty SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH_
environment variable.
The `Reproducible Builds`_ project aims to provide confidence to
consumers of packaged software that the artefacts they're downloading
and installing have not been altered by the environment they were
built in, and can be replicated at a later date if required.
Builds of localised documentation using Sphinx currently account for
a large category of reproducible build testing failures, because the
builders intentionally use varying environment locales at build-time.
This can affect the contents of the ``objects.inv`` file.
During investigation, it turned out that many ``gettext``-localised
values (particularly in Python modules under ``sphinx.domains``) were
being translated at module-load-time and would not subsequently be
re-localised.
This creates two unusual effects:
1. Attempting to write a test case to build the same application in
two different languages was not initially possible, as the
first-loaded translation catalogue (as found in the
``sphinx.locale.translators`` global variable) would remain in-use
for subsequent application builds under different locales.
2. Localisation of strings could vary depending on whether the
relevant modules were loaded before or after the resource
catalogues were populated.
We fix this by performing all translations lazily so that module
imports can occur in any order and localisation of inventory entries
should occur only when translations of those items are requested.
Localisation can then be disabled by configuring the ``gettext``
language to the ISO-639-3 'undetermined' code (``'und'``), as this
should not have an associated translation catalogue. We also want to
prevent ``gettext`` from attempting to determine the host's locale
from environment variables (including ``LANGUAGE``).
.. _SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH: https://reproducible-builds.org/docs/source-date-epoch/
.. _Reproducible Builds: https://www.reproducible-builds.org/
In Python 3, the default encoding of source files is utf-8. The encoding
cookie is now unnecessary and redundant so remove it. For more details,
see the docs:
https://docs.python.org/3/howto/unicode.html#the-string-type
> The default encoding for Python source code is UTF-8, so you can
> simply include a Unicode character in a string literal ...
Includes a fix for the flake8 header checks to stop expecting an
encoding cookie.
