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LaTeX customization
===================
.. module:: latex
:synopsis: LaTeX specifics.
.. role:: code-tex(code)
:language: LaTeX
.. _contents: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/docs/ref/rst/directives.html#table-of-contents
.. raw:: latex
\begingroup
\sphinxsetup{%
TitleColor=DarkGoldenrod,
pre_border-width=2pt,
pre_border-right-width=8pt,
pre_padding=5pt,
pre_border-radius=5pt,
pre_background-TeXcolor=OldLace,
pre_border-TeXcolor=Gold!90,
pre_box-shadow=6pt 6pt,
pre_box-shadow-TeXcolor=gray!20,
%
div.warning_border-width=3pt,
div.warning_padding=6pt,
div.warning_padding-right=18pt,
div.warning_padding-bottom=18pt,
div.warning_border-TeXcolor=DarkCyan,
div.warning_background-TeXcolor=LightCyan,
div.warning_box-shadow=-12pt -12pt inset,
div.warning_box-shadow-TeXcolor=Cyan,
%
attentionborder=3pt,
attentionBorderColor=Crimson,
attentionBgColor=FloralWhite,
%
noteborder=1pt,
noteBorderColor=Olive,
noteBgColor=Olive!10,
div.note_border-top-width=0pt,
div.note_border-bottom-width=0pt,
hintBorderColor=LightCoral,
}
\relax
Unlike :ref:`the HTML builders <html-themes>`, the ``latex`` builder does not
benefit from prepared themes. The :ref:`latex-options`, and particularly the
:ref:`latex_elements <latex_elements_confval>` variable, provides much of the
interface for customization. For example:
.. code-block:: latex
# inside conf.py
latex_engine = 'xelatex'
latex_elements = {
'passoptionstopackages': r'''
\PassOptionsToPackage{svgnames}{xcolor}
''',
'fontpkg': r'''
\setmainfont{DejaVu Serif}
\setsansfont{DejaVu Sans}
\setmonofont{DejaVu Sans Mono}
''',
'preamble': r'''
\usepackage[titles]{tocloft}
\cftsetpnumwidth {1.25cm}\cftsetrmarg{1.5cm}
\setlength{\cftchapnumwidth}{0.75cm}
\setlength{\cftsecindent}{\cftchapnumwidth}
\setlength{\cftsecnumwidth}{1.25cm}
''',
'sphinxsetup': 'TitleColor=DarkGoldenrod',
'fncychap': r'\usepackage[Bjornstrup]{fncychap}',
'printindex': r'\footnotesize\raggedright\printindex',
}
latex_show_urls = 'footnote'
.. note::
Keep in mind that backslashes must be doubled in Python string literals to
avoid interpretation as escape sequences. Alternatively, you may use raw
strings as is done above.
.. _latex_elements_confval:
The ``latex_elements`` configuration setting
--------------------------------------------
A dictionary that contains LaTeX snippets overriding those Sphinx usually puts
into the generated ``.tex`` files. Its ``'sphinxsetup'`` key is described
:ref:`separately <latexsphinxsetup>`. It allows also local configurations
inserted in generated files, via :dudir:`raw` directives. For example, in
the PDF documentation this chapter is styled especially, as will be described
later.
Keys that you may want to override include:
``'papersize'``
Paper size option of the document class (``'a4paper'`` or
``'letterpaper'``)
Default: ``'letterpaper'``
``'pointsize'``
Point size option of the document class (``'10pt'``, ``'11pt'`` or
``'12pt'``)
Default: ``'10pt'``
``'pxunit'``
The value of the ``px`` when used in image attributes ``width`` and
``height``. The default value is ``'0.75bp'`` which achieves
``96px=1in`` (in TeX ``1in = 72bp = 72.27pt``.) To obtain for
example ``100px=1in`` use ``'0.01in'`` or ``'0.7227pt'`` (the latter
leads to TeX computing a more precise value, due to the smaller unit
used in the specification); for ``72px=1in``, simply use ``'1bp'``; for
``90px=1in``, use ``'0.8bp'`` or ``'0.803pt'``.
Default: ``'0.75bp'``
.. versionadded:: 1.5
``'passoptionstopackages'``
A string which will be positioned early in the preamble, designed to
contain :code-tex:`\\PassOptionsToPackage{options}{foo}` commands.
.. hint::
It may be also used for loading LaTeX packages very early in the
preamble. For example package ``fancybox`` is incompatible with
being loaded via the ``'preamble'`` key, it must be loaded earlier.
Default: ``''``
.. versionadded:: 1.4
``'babel'``
"babel" package inclusion, default :code-tex:`r'\\usepackage{babel}'` (the
suitable document language string is passed as class option, and
``english`` is used if no language.) For Japanese documents, the
default is the empty string.
With XeLaTeX and LuaLaTeX, Sphinx configures the LaTeX document to use
`polyglossia`_, but one should be aware that current `babel`_ has
improved its support for Unicode engines in recent years and for some
languages it may make sense to prefer ``babel`` over ``polyglossia``.
.. _`polyglossia`: https://ctan.org/pkg/polyglossia
.. _`babel`: https://ctan.org/pkg/babel
.. hint::
After modifying a core LaTeX key like this one, clean up the LaTeX
build repertory before next PDF build, else left-over auxiliary
files are likely to break the build.
Default: :code-tex:`r'\\usepackage{babel}'` (for Japanese documents)
.. versionchanged:: 1.5
For :confval:`latex_engine` set to ``'xelatex'``, the default
is ``'\\usepackage{polyglossia}\n\\setmainlanguage{<language>}'``.
.. versionchanged:: 1.6
``'lualatex'`` uses same default setting as ``'xelatex'``
.. versionchanged:: 1.7.6
For French with ``'xelatex'`` (not ``'lualatex'``) the default is to
use ``babel``, not ``polyglossia``.
.. versionchanged:: 7.4.0
For French with ``'lualatex'`` the default is to use ``babel``.
.. _fontpkg:
``'fontpkg'``
Font package inclusion. The default with ``'pdflatex'`` is::
r"""\usepackage{tgtermes}
\usepackage{tgheros}
\renewcommand\ttdefault{txtt}
"""
For ``'xelatex'`` and ``'lualatex'`` on the other hand the
:code-tex:`\\setmainfont`, :code-tex:`\\setsansfont` and
:code-tex:`\\setmonofont` commands of LaTeX package ``fontspec`` (included
via :ref:`fontenc`) are used to set up the OpenType fonts GNU FreeSerif,
FreeSans, and FreeMono (scaled with ratio ``0.9``) as document fonts.
.. versionchanged:: 1.2
Defaults to ``''`` when the :confval:`language` uses the Cyrillic
script.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0
Incorporates some font substitution commands to help support occasional
Greek or Cyrillic in a document using ``'pdflatex'`` engine.
At 4.0.0 these commands were moved to the ``'fontsubstitution'`` key.
.. versionchanged:: 4.0.0
The default font setting was changed. As shown above it still uses
Times and Helvetica clones for serif and sans serif, but via better,
more complete TeX fonts and associated LaTeX packages. The monospace
font has been changed to better match the Times clone.
.. versionchanged:: 8.1.0
The monospace font FreeMono used with Unicode engines is loaded at scale
``0.9``. This replaces the former mechanism via :ref:`fvset` which
configured code-blocks to use :code-tex:`\\small`. Inline literals now
fit better in their surrounding text, and it is easier to set up custom
fonts, as :ref:`fvset` does not intervene anymore by default.
``'fncychap'``
Inclusion of the "fncychap" package (which makes fancy chapter titles),
default :code-tex:`r'\\usepackage[Bjarne]{fncychap}'` for English documentation
(this option is slightly customized by Sphinx),
:code-tex:`r'\\usepackage[Sonny]{fncychap}'` for internationalized docs (because
the "Bjarne" style uses numbers spelled out in English). Other
"fncychap" styles you can try are "Lenny", "Glenn", "Conny", "Rejne" and
"Bjornstrup". You can also set this to ``''`` to disable fncychap.
Default: :code-tex:`r'\\usepackage[Bjarne]{fncychap}'` for English
documents, :code-tex:`r'\\usepackage[Sonny]{fncychap}'` for
internationalized documents, and ``''`` for Japanese documents.
.. _preamble:
``'preamble'``
Additional preamble content. One may move all needed macros into some file
:file:`mystyle.tex.txt` of the project source repertory, and get LaTeX to
import it at run time::
'preamble': r'\input{mystyle.tex.txt}',
# or, if the \ProvidesPackage LaTeX macro is used in a file mystyle.sty
'preamble': r'\usepackage{mystyle}',
It is then needed to set appropriately :confval:`latex_additional_files`,
for example:
.. code-block:: python
latex_additional_files = ["mystyle.sty"]
Do not use ``.tex`` as suffix, else the file is submitted itself to the PDF
build process, use ``.tex.txt`` or ``.sty`` as in the examples above.
Default: ``''``
``'figure_align'``
Latex figure float alignment. Whenever an image doesn't fit into the current
page, it will be 'floated' into the next page but may be preceded by any
other text. If you don't like this behavior, use 'H' which will disable
floating and position figures strictly in the order they appear in the
source.
Default: ``'htbp'`` (here, top, bottom, page)
.. versionadded:: 1.3
``'atendofbody'``
Additional document content (right before the indices).
Default: ``''``
.. versionadded:: 1.5
``'extrapackages'``
Additional LaTeX packages. For example:
.. code-block:: latex
latex_elements = {
'extrapackages': r'\usepackage{isodate}'
}
The specified LaTeX packages will be loaded before
hyperref package and packages loaded from Sphinx extensions.
.. hint::
If you'd like to load additional LaTeX packages after hyperref, use
``'preamble'`` key instead.
Default: ``''``
.. versionadded:: 2.3
``'footer'``
Additional footer content (before the indices).
Default: ``''``
.. deprecated:: 1.5
Use ``'atendofbody'`` key instead.
Keys that don't need to be overridden unless in special cases are:
``'extraclassoptions'``
The default is the empty string. Example: ``'extraclassoptions':
'openany'`` will allow chapters (for documents of the ``'manual'``
type) to start on any page.
Default: ``''``
.. versionadded:: 1.2
.. versionchanged:: 1.6
Added this documentation.
``'maxlistdepth'``
LaTeX allows by default at most 6 levels for nesting list and
quote-like environments, with at most 4 enumerated lists, and 4 bullet
lists. Setting this key for example to ``'10'`` (as a string) will
allow up to 10 nested levels (of all sorts). Leaving it to the empty
string means to obey the LaTeX default.
.. warning::
- Using this key may prove incompatible with some LaTeX packages
or special document classes which do their own list customization.
- The key setting is silently *ignored* if ``\usepackage{enumitem}``
is executed inside the document preamble. Use then rather the
dedicated commands of this LaTeX package.
Default: ``6``
.. versionadded:: 1.5
``'inputenc'``
"inputenc" package inclusion.
Default: :code-tex:`r'\\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}'` when using pdflatex, else
``''``.
.. note::
If using ``utf8x`` in place of ``utf8`` it is mandatory to extend the
LaTeX preamble with suitable ``\PreloadUnicodePage{<number>}`` commands,
as per the ``utf8x`` documentation (``texdoc ucs`` on a TeXLive based
TeX installation). Else, unexpected and possibly hard-to-spot problems
(i.e. not causing a build crash) may arise in the PDF, in particular
regarding hyperlinks.
Even if these precautions are taken, PDF build via ``pdflatex`` engine
may crash due to upstream LaTeX not being fully compatible with
``utf8x``. For example, in certain circumstances related to
code-blocks, or attempting to include images whose filenames contain
Unicode characters. Indeed, starting in 2015, upstream LaTeX with
``pdflatex`` engine has somewhat enhanced native support for Unicode and
is becoming more and more incompatible with ``utf8x``. In particular,
since the October 2019 LaTeX release, filenames can use Unicode
characters, and even spaces. At Sphinx level this means e.g. that the
:dudir:`image` and :dudir:`figure` directives are now compatible with
such filenames for PDF via LaTeX output. But this is broken if
``utf8x`` is in use.
.. versionchanged:: 1.4.3
Previously :code-tex:`r'\\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}'` was used for all
compilers.
``'cmappkg'``
"cmap" package inclusion.
Default: :code-tex:`r'\\usepackage{cmap}'`
.. versionadded:: 1.2
.. _fontenc:
``'fontenc'``
Its default, for ``'pdflatex'`` as :confval:`latex_engine`, is
:code-tex:`r'\\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}'`. Replace it (if using
``'pdflatex'``) with:
- :code-tex:`r'\\usepackage[X2,T1]{fontenc}'` if you need occasional
Cyrillic letters (физика частиц),
- :code-tex:`r'\\usepackage[LGR,T1]{fontenc}'` if you need occasional
Greek letters (Σωματιδιακή φυσική),
- :code-tex:`r'\\usepackage[LGR,X2,T1]{fontenc}'` if you need both.
The TeX installation may need some extra packages. For example, on Ubuntu
xenial:
- ``texlive-lang-greek`` and ``cm-super`` are needed for Greek (``LGR``),
- ``texlive-lang-cyrillic`` and ``cm-super`` are needed for Cyrillic
(``X2``).
With ``'xelatex'`` and ``'lualatex'``, support for Greek and Cyrillic is
out-of-the-box: this :ref:`fontenc` key defaults to including the LaTeX
package ``fontspec`` (with some extras described below) and selects the GNU
FreeSerif font as body font. See :ref:`fontpkg`.
.. versionchanged:: 1.5
Defaults to :code-tex:`r'\\usepackage{fontspec}'` if
:confval:`latex_engine` is set to ``'xelatex'``.
.. versionchanged:: 1.6
Defaults to :code-tex:`r'\\usepackage{fontspec}'` if
:confval:`latex_engine` is set to ``'lualatex'``.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0
``'lualatex'`` executes additionally
:code-tex:`\\defaultfontfeatures[\\rmfamily,\\sffamily]{}` to disable TeX
ligatures for ``<<`` and ``>>``.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0
Extra LaTeX configuration is automatically executed if ``LGR``, ``T2A``,
or ``X2`` are detected in this key, in order to support occasional Greek
or Cyrillic with ``'pdflatex'``.
.. versionchanged:: 2.2.1
Documents having Greek as main language default to ``'xelatex'`` and
should not set the :ref:`fontenc` key, which will load ``fontspec``.
.. versionchanged:: 2.3.0
``'xelatex'`` executes
:code-tex:`\\defaultfontfeatures[\\rmfamily,\\sffamily]{}` in order to
avoid contractions of ``--`` into en-dash and also transforms of
straight quotes into curly quotes (which otherwise would happen even
with :confval:`smartquotes` set to ``False``).
``'fontsubstitution'``
Ignored if ``'fontenc'`` was not configured to use ``LGR`` or ``X2`` (or
``T2A``). In case :ref:`fontpkg` key is configured for usage with some
TeX fonts known to be available in the ``LGR`` or ``X2`` encodings, set
this one to be the empty string. Else leave to its default.
Ignored with :confval:`latex_engine` other than ``'pdflatex'``.
.. versionadded:: 4.0.0
``'textgreek'``
For the support of occasional Greek letters.
It is ignored with ``'platex'``, ``'xelatex'`` or ``'lualatex'`` as
:confval:`latex_engine` and defaults to either the empty string or
to :code-tex:`r'\\usepackage{textalpha}'` for ``'pdflatex'`` depending on
whether the ``'fontenc'`` key was used with ``LGR`` or not. Only
expert LaTeX users may want to customize this key.
It can also be used as ``r'\usepackage{textalpha,alphabeta}'`` to let
``'pdflatex'`` support Greek Unicode input in :rst:dir:`math` context.
For example ``:math:`α``` (U+03B1) will render as :math:`\alpha`.
Default: :code-tex:`r'\\usepackage{textalpha}'` or ``''`` if ``fontenc`` does not
include the ``LGR`` option.
.. versionadded:: 2.0
``'geometry'``
"geometry" package inclusion, defaults to
:code-tex:`r'\\usepackage{geometry}'` or
:code-tex:`r'\\usepackage[dvipdfm]{geometry}'` for Japanese documents.
The Sphinx LaTeX style file executes additionally:
.. code-block:: latex
\PassOptionsToPackage{hmargin=1in,vmargin=1in,marginpar=0.5in}{geometry}
which can be customized via corresponding :ref:`'sphinxsetup' options
<latexsphinxsetup>`.
.. versionadded:: 1.5
.. versionchanged:: 1.5.2
``dvipdfm`` option if :confval:`latex_engine` is ``'platex'``.
.. versionadded:: 1.5.3
The :ref:`'sphinxsetup' keys for the margins
<latexsphinxsetuphmargin>`.
.. versionchanged:: 1.5.3
The location in the LaTeX file has been moved to after
:code-tex:`\\usepackage{sphinx}` and :code-tex:`\\sphinxsetup{..}`,
hence also after
insertion of :ref:`fontpkg` key. This is in order to handle the paper
layout options in a special way for Japanese documents: the text
width will be set to an integer multiple of the *zenkaku* width, and
the text height to an integer multiple of the baseline. See the
:ref:`hmargin <latexsphinxsetuphmargin>` documentation for more.
``'hyperref'``
"hyperref" package inclusion; also loads package "hypcap" and issues
:code-tex:`\\urlstyle{same}`. This is done after :file:`sphinx.sty` file
is loaded and before executing the contents of ``'preamble'`` key.
.. attention::
Loading of packages "hyperref" and "hypcap" is mandatory.
.. versionadded:: 1.5
Previously this was done from inside :file:`sphinx.sty`.
``'maketitle'``
"maketitle" call. Override if you want to generate a differently styled
title page.
.. hint::
If the key value is set to
:code-tex:`r'\\newcommand\sphinxbackoftitlepage{<Extra
material>}\\sphinxmaketitle'`, then ``<Extra material>`` will be
typeset on back of title page (``'manual'`` docclass only).
Default: :code-tex:`r'\\sphinxmaketitle'`
.. versionchanged:: 1.8.3
Original :code-tex:`\\maketitle` from document class is not overwritten,
hence is reusable as part of some custom setting for this key.
.. versionadded:: 1.8.3
:code-tex:`\\sphinxbackoftitlepage` optional macro. It can also be defined
inside ``'preamble'`` key rather than this one.
``'releasename'``
Value that prefixes ``'release'`` element on title page. As for *title* and
*author* used in the tuples of :confval:`latex_documents`, it is inserted as
LaTeX markup.
Default: ``'Release'``
``'tableofcontents'``
"tableofcontents" call. The default of
:code-tex:`r'\\sphinxtableofcontents'` is a wrapper of unmodified
:code-tex:`\\tableofcontents`, which may itself be customized by user
loaded packages. Override if you want to generate a different table of
contents or put content between the title page and the TOC.
Default: :code-tex:`r'\\sphinxtableofcontents'`
.. versionchanged:: 1.5
Previously the meaning of :code-tex:`\\tableofcontents` itself was
modified by Sphinx. This created an incompatibility with dedicated
packages modifying it also such as "tocloft" or "etoc".
``'transition'``
Commands used to display transitions. Override if you want to display
transitions differently.
Default: :code-tex:`'\\n\\n\\\\bigskip\\\\hrule\\\\bigskip\\n\\n'`
.. versionadded:: 1.2
.. versionchanged:: 1.6
Remove unneeded ``{}`` formerly located after :code-tex:`\\hrule`.
``'makeindex'``
"makeindex" call, the last thing before ``\begin{document}``. With
:code-tex:`r'\\usepackage[columns=1]{idxlayout}\\makeindex'` the index will
use only one column. You may have to install ``idxlayout`` LaTeX package.
Default: :code-tex:`r'\\makeindex'`
``'printindex'``
"printindex" call, the last thing in the file. Override if you want to
generate the index differently, append some content after the index, or
change the font. As LaTeX uses two-column mode for the index it is often
advisable to set this key to
:code-tex:`r'\\footnotesize\\raggedright\\printindex'`. Or, to obtain a
one-column index, use :code-tex:`r'\\def\\twocolumn[#1]{#1}\\printindex'`
(this trick may fail if using a custom document class; then try the
``idxlayout`` approach described in the documentation of the
``'makeindex'`` key).
Default: :code-tex:`r'\\printindex'`
.. _fvset:
``'fvset'``
Customization of ``fancyvrb`` LaTeX package.
The default value is :code-tex:`r'\\fvset{fontsize=auto}'` which means that
the font size will adjust correctly if a code-block ends up in a footnote.
You may need to modify this when using a custom monospace font, for example
set it to :code-tex:`r'\\fvset{fontsize=\\small}'` if it is Courier-like
(for Unicode engines, it is recommended to use rather the ``Scale``
interface of :code-tex:`\\setmonofont` LaTeX command from ``fontspec``).
Default: :code-tex:`r'\\fvset{fontsize=auto}'`
.. versionadded:: 1.8
.. versionchanged:: 2.0
For ``'xelatex'`` and ``'lualatex'`` defaults to
:code-tex:`r'\\fvset{fontsize=\\small}'` as this
is adapted to the relative widths of the FreeFont family.
.. versionchanged:: 4.0.0
Changed default for ``'pdflatex'``. Previously it was using
:code-tex:`r'\\fvset{fontsize=\\small}'`.
.. versionchanged:: 4.1.0
Changed default for Chinese documents to
:code-tex:`r'\\fvset{fontsize=\\small,formatcom=\\xeCJKVerbAddon}'`
.. versionchanged:: 8.1.0
Changed default for ``'xelatex'`` and ``'lualatex'`` to be also
:code-tex:`r'\\fvset{fontsize=auto}'`. The rescaling for default
monospace font FreeMono is now set via the LaTeX package ``fontspec``
interface rather. See :ref:`fontpkg`.
Keys that are set by other options and therefore should not be overridden are:
``'docclass'``
``'classoptions'``
``'title'``
``'release'``
``'author'``
.. _latexsphinxsetup:
The ``sphinxsetup`` configuration setting
-----------------------------------------
.. versionadded:: 1.5
The ``'sphinxsetup'`` key of :ref:`latex_elements <latex_elements_confval>`
provides a LaTeX-type customization interface::
latex_elements = {
'sphinxsetup': 'key1=value1, key2=value2, ...',
}
LaTeX syntax for boolean keys requires *lowercase* ``true`` or ``false``
e.g ``'sphinxsetup': "verbatimwrapslines=false"``. If setting a
boolean key to ``true``, ``=true`` is optional.
Spaces around the commas and equal signs are ignored, spaces inside LaTeX
macros may be significant.
Do not use ticks/quotes to enclose string or numerical values.
The ``'sphinxsetup'`` defaults to empty.
If non-empty, it will be passed as argument to the
``\sphinxsetup`` macro inside the document preamble, like this::
\usepackage{sphinx}
\sphinxsetup{key1=value1, key2=value2,...}
It is possible to insert uses of the ``\sphinxsetup`` LaTeX macro directly
into the body of the document, via the ``raw`` directive:
.. code-block:: latex
.. raw:: latex
\begingroup
\sphinxsetup{%
TitleColor=DarkGoldenrod,
... more comma separated key=value using LaTeX syntax ...
}
All elements here will be under the influence of the raw ``\sphinxsetup``
settings.
.. raw:: latex
\endgroup
From here on, the raw ``\sphinxsetup`` has no effect anymore.
This is the technique which has been used to style especially the present part
of the documentation for the PDF output. The actually used options will be
found at top of :file:`doc/latex.rst` at the `development repository`_.
.. _development repository: https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx
The color used in the above example is available from having passed the
``svgnames`` option to the "xcolor" package::
latex_elements = {
'passoptionstopackages': r'\PassOptionsToPackage{svgnames}{xcolor}',
}
``bookmarksdepth``
Controls the depth of the collapsible bookmarks panel in the PDF.
May be either a number (e.g. ``3``) or a LaTeX sectioning name (e.g.
``subsubsection``, i.e. without backslash).
For details, refer to the ``hyperref`` LaTeX docs.
Default: ``5``
.. versionadded:: 4.0.0
.. _latexsphinxsetuphmargin:
``hmargin, vmargin``
The dimensions of the horizontal (resp. vertical) margins, passed as
``hmargin`` (resp. ``vmargin``) option to the ``geometry`` package.
Example::
'sphinxsetup': 'hmargin={2in,1.5in}, vmargin={1.5in,2in}, marginpar=1in',
Japanese documents currently accept only the one-dimension format for
these parameters. The ``geometry`` package is then passed suitable options
to get the text width set to an exact multiple of the *zenkaku* width, and
the text height set to an integer multiple of the baselineskip, with the
closest fit for the margins.
Default: ``1in`` (equivalent to ``{1in,1in}``)
.. hint::
For Japanese ``'manual'`` docclass with pointsize ``11pt`` or ``12pt``,
use the ``nomag`` extra document class option (cf.
``'extraclassoptions'`` key of :confval:`latex_elements`) or so-called
TeX "true" units::
'sphinxsetup': 'hmargin=1.5truein, vmargin=1.5truein, marginpar=5zw',
.. versionadded:: 1.5.3
``marginpar``
The :code-tex:`\\marginparwidth` LaTeX dimension. For Japanese documents,
the value is modified to be the closest integer multiple of the *zenkaku*
width.
Default: ``0.5in``
.. versionadded:: 1.5.3
``mathnumsep``
This defaults to the string (without quotes!) as set by
:confval:`math_numsep` (which itself defaults to ``'.'``). Use it if
a different setting is needed for LaTeX output.
.. versionadded:: 8.1.0
``verbatimwithframe``
Boolean to specify if :rst:dir:`code-block`\ s and literal includes are
framed. Setting it to ``false`` does not deactivate use of package
"framed", because it is still in use for the optional background color.
Default: ``true``.
``verbatimwrapslines``
Boolean to specify if long lines in :rst:dir:`code-block`\ 's contents are
wrapped.
If ``true``, line breaks may happen at spaces (the last space before the
line break will be rendered using a special symbol), and at ASCII
punctuation characters (i.e. not at letters or digits). Whenever a long
string has no break points, it is moved to next line. If its length is
longer than the line width it will overflow.
Default: ``true``
.. _latexsphinxsetupforcewraps:
``verbatimforcewraps``
Boolean to specify if long lines in :rst:dir:`code-block`\ 's contents
should be forcefully wrapped to never overflow due to long strings.
.. note::
It is assumed that the Pygments_ LaTeXFormatter has not been used with
its ``texcomments`` or similar options which allow additional
(arbitrary) LaTeX mark-up.
Also, in case of :confval:`latex_engine` set to ``'pdflatex'``, only
the default LaTeX handling of Unicode code points, i.e. ``utf8`` not
``utf8x`` is allowed.
.. _Pygments: https://pygments.org/
Default: ``false``
.. versionadded:: 3.5.0
``verbatimmaxoverfull``
A number. If an unbreakable long string has length larger than the total
linewidth plus this number of characters, and if ``verbatimforcewraps``
mode is on, the input line will be reset using the forceful algorithm
which applies breakpoints at each character.
Default: ``3``
.. versionadded:: 3.5.0
``verbatimmaxunderfull``
A number. If ``verbatimforcewraps`` mode applies, and if after applying
the line wrapping at spaces and punctuation, the first part of the split
line is lacking at least that number of characters to fill the available
width, then the input line will be reset using the forceful algorithm.
As the default is set to a high value, the forceful algorithm is triggered
only in overfull case, i.e. in presence of a string longer than full
linewidth. Set this to ``0`` to force all input lines to be hard wrapped
at the current available linewidth::
latex_elements = {
'sphinxsetup': "verbatimforcewraps, verbatimmaxunderfull=0",
}
This can be done locally for a given code-block via the use of raw latex
directives to insert suitable ``\sphinxsetup`` (before and after) into the
latex file.
Default: ``100``
.. versionadded:: 3.5.0
``verbatimhintsturnover``
Boolean to specify if code-blocks display "continued on next page" and
"continued from previous page" hints in case of page breaks.
Default: ``true``
.. versionadded:: 1.6.3
.. versionchanged:: 1.7
the default changed from ``false`` to ``true``.
``verbatimcontinuedalign``, ``verbatimcontinuesalign``
Horizontal position relative to the framed contents: either ``l`` (left
aligned), ``r`` (right aligned) or ``c`` (centered).
Default: ``r``
.. versionadded:: 1.7
``parsedliteralwraps``
Boolean to specify if long lines in :dudir:`parsed-literal`\ 's contents
should wrap.
Default: ``true``
.. versionadded:: 1.5.2
set this option value to ``false`` to recover former behavior.
``inlineliteralwraps``
Boolean to specify if line breaks are allowed inside inline literals: but
extra potential break-points (additionally to those allowed by LaTeX at
spaces or for hyphenation) are currently inserted only after the characters
``. , ; ? ! /`` and ``\``. Due to TeX internals, white space in the line
will be stretched (or shrunk) in order to accommodate the linebreak.
Default: ``true``
.. versionadded:: 1.5
set this option value to ``false`` to recover former behavior.
.. versionchanged:: 2.3.0
added potential breakpoint at ``\`` characters.
``verbatimvisiblespace``
When a long code line is split, the last space character from the source
code line right before the linebreak location is typeset using this.
Default: ``\textcolor{red}{\textvisiblespace}``
``verbatimcontinued``
A LaTeX macro inserted at start of continuation code lines. Its
(complicated...) default typesets a small red hook pointing to the right:
.. code-block:: latex
\makebox[2\fontcharwd\font`\x][r]{\textcolor{red}{\tiny$\hookrightarrow$}}
.. versionchanged:: 1.5
The breaking of long code lines was added at 1.4.2. The default
definition of the continuation symbol was changed at 1.5 to accommodate
various font sizes (e.g. code-blocks can be in footnotes).
.. note::
Values for color keys must either:
- obey the syntax of the :code-tex:`\\definecolor` LaTeX command, e.g. something
such as ``VerbatimColor={rgb}{0.2,0.3,0.5}`` or ``{RGB}{37,23,255}`` or
``{gray}{0.75}`` or ``{HTML}{808080}`` or
...
- or obey the syntax of the :code-tex:`\\colorlet` command from package ``xcolor``
e.g. ``VerbatimColor=red!10`` or ``red!50!green`` or ``-red!75`` or
``MyPreviouslyDefinedColor`` or... Refer to xcolor_ documentation for
this syntax.
.. _xcolor: https://ctan.org/pkg/xcolor
.. versionchanged:: 5.3.0
Formerly only the :code-tex:`\\definecolor` syntax was accepted.
``TitleColor``
The color for titles (as configured via use of package "titlesec".)
Default: ``{rgb}{0.126,0.263,0.361}``
``InnerLinkColor``
A color passed to ``hyperref`` as value of ``linkcolor`` and
``citecolor``.
Default: ``{rgb}{0.208,0.374,0.486}``.
``OuterLinkColor``
A color passed to ``hyperref`` as value of ``filecolor``, ``menucolor``,
and ``urlcolor``.
Default: ``{rgb}{0.216,0.439,0.388}``
``VerbatimColor``
The background color for :rst:dir:`code-block`\ s.
Default: ``{RGB}{242,242,242}`` (same as ``{gray}{0.95}``).
.. versionchanged:: 6.0.0
Formerly, it was ``{rgb}{1,1,1}`` (white).
``VerbatimBorderColor``
The frame color.
Default: ``{RGB}{32,32,32}``
.. versionchanged:: 6.0.0
Formerly it was ``{rgb}{0,0,0}`` (black).
``VerbatimHighlightColor``
The color for highlighted lines.
Default: ``{rgb}{0.878,1,1}``
.. versionadded:: 1.6.6
.. _tablecolors:
``TableRowColorHeader``
Sets the background color for (all) the header rows of tables.
It will have an effect only if either the :confval:`latex_table_style`
contains ``'colorrows'`` or if the table is assigned the ``colorrows``
class. It is ignored for tables with ``nocolorrows`` class.
As for the other ``'sphinxsetup'`` keys, it can also be set or modified
from a :code-tex:`\\sphinxsetup{...}` LaTeX command inserted via the
:dudir:`raw` directive, or also from a LaTeX environment associated to a
`container class <latexcontainer_>`_ and using such
:code-tex:`\\sphinxsetup{...}`.
Default: ``{gray}{0.86}``
There is also ``TableMergeColorHeader``. If used, sets a specific color
for merged single-row cells in the header.
.. versionadded:: 5.3.0
``TableRowColorOdd``
Sets the background color for odd rows in tables (the row count starts at
``1`` at the first non-header row). Has an effect only if the
:confval:`latex_table_style` contains ``'colorrows'`` or for specific
tables assigned the ``colorrows`` class.
Default: ``{gray}{0.92}``
There is also ``TableMergeColorOdd``.
.. versionadded:: 5.3.0
``TableRowColorEven``
Sets the background color for even rows in tables.
Default ``{gray}{0.98}``
There is also ``TableMergeColorEven``.
.. versionadded:: 5.3.0
``verbatimsep``
The separation between code lines and the frame.
See :ref:`additionalcss` for its alias ``pre_padding`` and
additional keys.
Default: :code-tex:`\\fboxsep`
``verbatimborder``
The width of the frame around :rst:dir:`code-block`\ s. See also
:ref:`additionalcss` for ``pre_border-width``.
Default: :code-tex:`\\fboxrule`
.. important::
Since 8.1.0 it is possible to style separately the :dudir:`topic`,
contents_, and :dudir:`sidebar` directives, and their defaults differ.
See :ref:`additionalcss`. The next three keys are kept as legacy
interface not distinguishing between the three directives.
``shadowsep``
This legacy option sets the padding (same in all directions) simultaneously
for the :dudir:`topic`, contents_, and :dudir:`sidebar` directives.
``shadowsize``
This legacy option sets the shadow width simultaneously for the
:dudir:`topic`, contents_, and :dudir:`sidebar` directives.
``shadowrule``
This legacy option sets the border-width (same on all sides) simultaneously
for the :dudir:`topic`, contents_, and :dudir:`sidebar` directives.
.. important::
At 7.4.0 all admonitions (not only danger-type) use the possibilities
which were added at 5.1.0 and 6.2.0. All defaults have changed.
``iconpackage``
The name of the LaTeX package used for icons in the admonition titles. It
defaults to ``fontawesome5`` or to fall-back ``fontawesome``. In case
neither one is available the option value will automatically default to
``none``, which means that no attempt at loading a package is done.
Independently of this setting, arbitrary LaTeX code can be associated to
each admonition type via ``div.<type>_icon-title`` keys which are
described in the :ref:`additionalcss` section. If these keys are not
used, Sphinx will either apply its default choices of icons (if
``fontawesome{5,}`` is available) or not draw the icon at all. Notice that
if fall-back ``fontawesome`` is used the common icon for :dudir:`caution`
and :dudir:`danger` will default to "bolt" not "radiation", which is only
found in ``fontawesome5``.
.. versionadded:: 7.4.0
|notebdcolors|
The color for the admonition border.
Default: ``{RGB}{134,152,155}``.
.. versionchanged:: 7.4.0
|notebgcolors|
The color for the admonition background.
Default: ``{RGB}{247,247,247}``.
.. versionadded:: 6.2.0
.. versionchanged:: 7.4.0
|notetextcolors|
The color for the admonition contents.
Default: unset (contents text uses ambient text color, a priori black)
.. versionadded:: 6.2.0
To be considered experimental until 7.0.0. These options have aliases
``div.note_TeXcolor`` (etc) described in :ref:`additionalcss`. Using
the latter will let Sphinx switch to a more complex LaTeX code,
which supports the customizability described in :ref:`additionalcss`.
|notetexextras|
Some extra LaTeX code (such as :code-tex:`\\bfseries` or
:code-tex:`\\footnotesize`) to be executed at start of the contents.
Default: empty
.. versionadded:: 6.2.0
To be considered experimental until 7.0.0. These options have aliases
``div.note_TeXextras`` (etc) described in :ref:`additionalcss`.
``noteborder``, ``hintborder``, ``importantborder``, ``tipborder``
The width of the border. See
:ref:`additionalcss` for keys allowing to configure separately each
border width.
Default: ``0.5pt``
.. only:: not latex
|warningbdcolors|
The color for the admonition border.
Default: ``{RGB}{148,0,0}`` except for ``error`` which uses ``red``.
.. versionchanged:: 7.4.0
.. only:: latex
|wgbdcolorslatex|
The color for the admonition border.
Default: ``{RGB}{148,0,0}`` except for ``error`` which uses ``red``.
.. versionchanged:: 7.4.0
|warningbgcolors|
The background color for the admonition background.
Default: ``{RGB}{247,247,247}``.
.. versionchanged:: 7.4.0
|warningborders|
The width of the admonition frame. See
:ref:`additionalcss` for keys allowing to configure separately each
border width.
Default: ``1pt`` except for ``error`` which uses ``1.25pt``.
.. versionchanged:: 7.4.0
``AtStartFootnote``
LaTeX macros inserted at the start of the footnote text at bottom of page,
after the footnote number.
Default: :code-tex:`\\mbox{ }`
``BeforeFootnote``
LaTeX macros inserted before the footnote mark. The default removes
possible space before it (else, TeX could insert a line break there).
Default: :code-tex:`\\leavevmode\\unskip`
.. versionadded:: 1.5
``HeaderFamily``
default :code-tex:`\\sffamily\\bfseries`. Sets the font used by headings.
.. |notebdcolors| replace:: ``noteBorderColor``, ``hintBorderColor``,
``importantBorderColor``, ``tipBorderColor``
.. |notebgcolors| replace:: ``noteBgColor``, ``hintBgColor``,
``importantBgColor``, ``tipBgColor``
.. |notetextcolors| replace:: ``noteTextColor``, ``hintTextColor``,
``importantTextColor``, ``tipTextColor``
.. |notetexextras| replace:: ``noteTeXextras``, ``hintTeXextras``,
``importantTeXextras``, ``tipTeXextras``
.. |warningbdcolors| replace:: ``warningBorderColor``, ``cautionBorderColor``,
``attentionBorderColor``, ``dangerBorderColor``,
``errorBorderColor``
.. |wgbdcolorslatex| replace:: ``warningBorderColor``, and
``(caution|attention|danger|error)BorderColor``
.. else latex goes into right margin, as it does not hyphenate the names
.. |warningbgcolors| replace:: ``warningBgColor``, ``cautionBgColor``,
``attentionBgColor``, ``dangerBgColor``,
``errorBgColor``
.. |warningborders| replace:: ``warningborder``, ``cautionborder``,
``attentionborder``, ``dangerborder``,
``errorborder``
.. _additionalcss:
Additional CSS-like ``'sphinxsetup'`` keys
-------------------------------------------
.. versionadded:: 5.1.0
For :rst:dir:`code-block`, :dudir:`topic` and contents_ directive,
and strong-type admonitions (:dudir:`warning`, :dudir:`error`, ...).
.. versionadded:: 6.2.0
Also the :dudir:`note`, :dudir:`hint`, :dudir:`important` and :dudir:`tip`
admonitions can be styled this way. Using for them *any* of the listed
options will trigger usage of a more complex LaTeX code than the one used
per default (``sphinxheavybox`` vs ``sphinxlightbox``). Setting the new
``noteBgColor`` (or ``hintBgColor``, ...) also triggers usage of
``sphinxheavybox`` for :dudir:`note` (or :dudir:`hint`, ...).
.. versionadded:: 7.4.0
For *all* admonition types, the default configuration does set a background
color (hence the richer ``sphinxheavybox`` is always used).
.. important::
Further, all admonition titles are by default styled using a colored row
and an icon, which are modeled on the current rendering of Sphinx own
docs at https://www.sphinx-doc.org. CSS-named alike keys are added to
set the foreground and background colors for the title as well as the
LaTeX code for the icon.
.. versionadded:: 7.4.0
Customizability of the :rst:dir:`seealso` and
:rst:dir:`todo` directives.
.. versionadded:: 8.1.0
Separate customizability and new defaults for the
:dudir:`topic`, contents_, and :dudir:`sidebar` directives.
Perhaps in future these 5.1.0 (and 6.2.0) novel settings will be optionally
imported from some genuine CSS external file, but currently they have to be used
via the ``'sphinxsetup'`` interface (or the :code-tex:`\\sphinxsetup` LaTeX command
inserted via the :dudir:`raw` directive) and the CSS syntax is only imitated.
.. important:: Low-level LaTeX errors causing a build failure can happen if
the input syntax is not respected.
* In particular colors must be input as for the other color related options
previously described, i.e. either in the :code-tex:`\\definecolor` syntax
or via the :code-tex:`\\colorlet` syntax::
...<other options>
div.warning_border-TeXcolor={rgb}{1,0,0},% \definecolor syntax
div.error_background-TeXcolor=red!10,% \colorlet syntax
...<other options>
* A colon in place of the equal sign will break LaTeX.
* ``...border-width`` or ``...padding`` expect a *single* dimension: they can not
be used so far with space separated dimensions.
* ``...top-right-radius`` et al. values may be either a single or *two* space
separated dimensions.
* Dimension specifications must use TeX units such as ``pt`` or ``cm`` or
``in``. The ``px`` unit is recognized by ``pdflatex`` and ``lualatex``
but not by ``xelatex`` or ``platex``.
* It is allowed for such specifications to be so-called "dimensional
expressions", e.g. :code-tex:`\\fboxsep+2pt` or
:code-tex:`0.5\\baselineskip` are valid inputs. The expressions will be
evaluated only at the typesetting time. Be careful though if using as in
these examples TeX control sequences to double the backslash or to employ
a raw Python string for the value of the :ref:`'sphinxsetup'
<latexsphinxsetup>` key.
* As a rule, avoid inserting unneeded spaces in the key values: especially
for the radii an input such ``2 pt 3pt`` will break LaTeX. Beware also
that :code-tex:`\\fboxsep \\fboxsep` will not be seen as space separated
in LaTeX. You must use something such as ``{\fboxsep} \fboxsep``. Or
use directly ``3pt 3pt`` which is a priori equivalent and simpler.
The options are all named in a similar pattern which depends on a ``prefix``,
which is then followed by an underscore, then the property name.
.. csv-table::
:header: Directive, Option prefix, LaTeX environment
:rst:dir:`code-block`, ``pre``, ``sphinxVerbatim``
:rst:dir:`literalinclude`, ``pre``, ``sphinxVerbatim``
:dudir:`topic`, ``div.topic``, ``sphinxtopic``
contents_, ``div.contents``, ``sphinxcontents``
:dudir:`sidebar`, ``div.sidebar``, ``sphinxsidebar``
:dudir:`note`, ``div.note``, ``sphinxnote``
:dudir:`warning`, ``div.warning``, ``sphinxwarning``
further admonition types ``<type>``, ``div.<type>``, ``sphinx<type>``
:rst:dir:`seealso`, ``div.seealso``, ``sphinxseealso``
:rst:dir:`todo`, ``div.todo``, ``sphinxtodo``
Here are now these options as well as their common defaults.
Replace below ``<prefix>`` by the actual prefix as explained above. Don't
forget the underscore separating the prefix from the property names.
- | ``<prefix>_border-top-width``,
| ``<prefix>_border-right-width``,
| ``<prefix>_border-bottom-width``,
| ``<prefix>_border-left-width``,
| ``<prefix>_border-width``. The latter can (currently) be only a *single*
dimension which then sets all four others.
The default is that all those dimensions are equal. They are set to:
* ``0.4pt`` for :rst:dir:`code-block`,
* ``0.5pt`` for :dudir:`topic` and contents_ directive,
* ``1pt`` for :dudir:`sidebar` directive,
* ``0.5pt`` for :dudir:`note` and other "light" admonitions,
* ``0.5pt`` for :rst:dir:`seealso` and :rst:dir:`todo` directives,
* ``1pt`` for :dudir:`warning` and other "strong" admonitions except
:dudir:`error` which uses ``1.25pt``.
.. versionchanged:: 7.4.0
Changed defaults for :dudir:`topic` and :dudir:`error`.
.. versionchanged:: 8.1.0
Distinct from :dudir:`topic` defaults for :dudir:`sidebar`.
- ``<prefix>_box-decoration-break`` can be set to either ``clone`` or
``slice`` and configures the behavior at page breaks.
It defaults to ``slice`` for :rst:dir:`code-block` (i.e. for ``<prefix>=pre``)
since 6.0.0. For other directives the default is ``clone``.
- | ``<prefix>_padding-top``,
| ``<prefix>_padding-right``,
| ``<prefix>_padding-bottom``,
| ``<prefix>_padding-left``,
| ``<prefix>_padding``. The latter can (currently) be only a *single*
dimension which then sets all four others.
The defaults:
* all four ``3pt`` for :rst:dir:`code-block`,
* ``6pt``, ``7pt``, ``6pt``, ``7pt`` for :dudir:`topic`,
* ``10pt``, ``7pt``, ``12pt``, ``7pt`` for contents_,
* ``6pt``, ``5.5pt``, ``6pt``, ``5.5pt`` for :dudir:`sidebar`,
* ``6pt``, ``7pt``, ``6pt``, ``7pt`` for all "light" admonitions as well
as the :rst:dir:`seealso` and :rst:dir:`todo` directives.
* ``6pt``, ``6.5pt``, ``6pt``, ``6.5pt`` for the strong admonition types
except :dudir:`error` which uses horizontal padding of ``6.25pt``.
.. versionchanged:: 7.4.0
All defaults were changed, except for :rst:dir:`code-block`. Admonitions
are set-up so that left (or right) padding plus left (or right)
border-width add up always to ``7.5pt``, so contents align well
vertically across admonition types on same page in PDF. This is only a
property of defaults, not a constraint on possible user choices.
.. versionchanged:: 8.1.0
Separate defaults for :dudir:`topic`, contents_, and :dudir:`sidebar`.
- | ``<prefix>_border-top-left-radius``,
| ``<prefix>_border-top-right-radius``,
| ``<prefix>_border-bottom-right-radius``,
| ``<prefix>_border-bottom-left-radius``,
| ``<prefix>_border-radius``. This last key sets the first four to
its assigned value. Each key value can be either a single, or *two*,
dimensions which are then space separated.
The defaults:
* ``3pt`` for :rst:dir:`code-block` (since 6.0.0) and all corners,
* ``8pt`` for all corners of :dudir:`topic`,
* ``12pt`` for the bottom right corner of contents_, others use ``0pt``,
* ``12pt`` for the top-left and bottom-right corners for :dudir:`sidebar`,
``0pt`` for top-right and bottom-left.
* all radii set to ``5pt`` for :dudir:`note`, :dudir:`hint` and
:dudir:`tip`,
* ``0pt``, i.e. straight corners for all other directives.
.. versionchanged:: 7.4.0
:dudir:`topic` and :dudir:`note`\ -like
admonitions acquire (at least one) rounded corners.
.. versionchanged:: 8.1.0
Separate defaults for :dudir:`topic`, contents_, and :dudir:`sidebar`.
See a remark above about traps with spaces in LaTeX.
- ``<prefix>_box-shadow`` is special in so far as it may be:
* the ``none`` keyword,
* or a single dimension (giving both x-offset and y-offset),
* or two dimensions (separated by a space),
* or two dimensions followed by the keyword ``inset``.
The x-offset and y-offset may be negative. A negative x-offset means
that the shadow is on the left. The shadow extends into the page margin,
whether the offset is positive or negative.
The default is ``none`` *except* for the contents_ directive which uses
``4pt 4pt``.
.. versionchanged:: 8.1.0
No shadow per default for :dudir:`topic` and :dudir:`sidebar`.
- | ``<prefix>_border-TeXcolor``,
| ``<prefix>_background-TeXcolor``,
| ``<prefix>_box-shadow-TeXcolor``,
| ``<prefix>_TeXcolor``.
These are colors.
Since 6.0.0 the border and background colors of :rst:dir:`code-block`,
default respectively to ``{RGB}{32,32,32}`` (i.e. ``{HTML}{202020}``), and
``{RGB}{242,242,242}`` (i.e. ``{gray}{0.95}`` or ``{HTML}{F2F2F2}``).
At 7.4.0 other directives acquire non-black/white default border and
background colors. Here they are using ``xcolor`` hexadecimal notation
(which requires always 6 hexadecimal digits):
- ``{HTML}{F7F7F7}`` serves as background color to all.
- ``{HTML}{86989B}`` is border color of light admonitions (inclusive of
:rst:dir:`seealso` and :rst:dir:`todo`) as well as of :dudir:`topic`,
contents_ and :dudir:`sidebar` directives.
- ``{HTML}{940000}`` is border color of :dudir:`warning`-type admonitions,
except :dudir:`error` which uses ``{HTML}{B40000}``.
The only directives displaying a shadow per default are contents_ and
:dudir:`sidebar`. The shadow-color for the former is ``{HTML}{6C6C6C}``
and for the latter ``{HTML}{9EACAF}``.
The ``<prefix>_TeXcolor`` stands for the CSS property "color", i.e. it
influences the text color of the contents. As for the three other options,
the naming ``TeXcolor`` is to stress that the input syntax is the TeX one
for colors not an HTML/CSS one. If package ``xcolor`` is available in the
LaTeX installation, one can use directly named colors as key values.
Consider passing options such as ``dvipsnames``, ``svgnames`` or ``x11names``
to ``xcolor`` via ``'passoptionstopackages'`` key of :confval:`latex_elements`.
If ``<prefix>_TeXcolor`` is set, a :code-tex:`\\color` command is inserted at
start of the directive contents; for admonitions, this happens after the
heading which reproduces the admonition type.
- ``<prefix>_TeXextras``: if set, its value must be some LaTeX command or
commands, for example :code-tex:`\\itshape`. These commands will be
inserted at the start of the contents; for admonitions, this happens after
the heading which reproduces the admonition type.
The next keys, for admonitions, :dudir:`topic`, contents_, and
:dudir:`sidebar`, were all three added at 7.4.0 (and 8.1.0 for the latter three).
- ``div.<type>_title-background-TeXcolor``: the background color for the title.
.. important::
The colored title-row is produced as a result of the Sphinx default
definitions for the various :code-tex:`\\sphinxstyle<type>title`
commands, which employ the :code-tex:`\\sphinxdotitlerow` LaTeX command.
See :ref:`latex-macros`.
- ``div.<type>_title-foreground-TeXcolor``: the color to be used for the icon
(it applies only to the icon, not to the title of the admonition).
- ``div.<type>_title-icon``: the LaTeX code responsible for producing the
icon. For example, the default for :dudir:`note` is
``div.note_title-icon=\faIcon{info-circle}``. This uses a command from the
LaTeX ``fontawesome5`` package, which is loaded automatically if available.
If neither ``fontawesome5`` nor fall-back ``fontawesome`` (for which the
associated command is :code-tex:`\\faicon`, not :code-tex:`\\faIcon`) are
found, or if the ``iconpackage`` key of :ref:`'sphinxsetup'
<latexsphinxsetup>` is set to load some other user-chosen package, or no
package at all, all the ``title-icons`` default to empty LaTeX code. It is
up to user to employ this interface to inject the icon (or anything else)
into the PDF output.
.. note::
- All directives support ``box-decoration-break`` to be set to ``slice``.
.. versionchanged:: 6.2.0
Formerly, only :rst:dir:`code-block` did. The default remains
``clone`` for all other directives, but this will probably change at
7.0.0.
- The corners of rounded boxes may be elliptical.
.. versionchanged:: 6.2.0
Formerly, only circular rounded corners were supported and a rounded
corner forced the whole frame to use the same constant width from
``<prefix>_border-width``.
- Inset shadows are incompatible with rounded corners. In case
both are specified the inset shadow will simply be ignored.
.. versionchanged:: 6.2.0
Formerly it was to the contrary the rounded corners which were ignored
in case an inset shadow was specified.
- ``<prefix>_TeXcolor`` and ``<prefix>_TeXextras`` are new with 6.2.0.
Usefulness is doubtful in the case of :rst:dir:`code-block`:
- ``pre_TeXcolor`` will influence only the few non-Pygments highlighted
tokens; it does color the line numbers, but if one wants to color
*only* them one has to go through the ``fancyvrb`` interface.
- ``pre_TeXextras=\footnotesize`` (as an example) is equivalent to setting
:ref:`fvset` key value to :code-tex:`r'\\fvset{fontsize=\\footnotesize}'`.
Consider these options experimental and that some implementation details
may change. For example if the ``pre_TeXextras`` LaTeX commands were put
by Sphinx in another location it could override the :ref:`fvset` effect,
perhaps this is what will be done in a future release.
- Rounded boxes are done using the pict2e_ interface to some basic PDF
graphics operations. If this LaTeX package can not be found the build
will proceed and render all boxes with straight corners.
- Elliptic corners use the ellipse_ LaTeX package which extends pict2e_.
If this LaTeX package can not be found rounded corners will be circular
arcs (or straight if pict2e_ is not available).
.. _pict2e: https://ctan.org/pkg/pict2e
.. _ellipse: https://ctan.org/pkg/ellipse
The following legacy behavior applies:
- For :rst:dir:`code-block` or :rst:dir:`literalinclude`, padding and
border-width and shadow (if any) will go into the margin; the code
lines remain at the same place independently of the values of the padding
and border-width, except for being shifted vertically of course to not
overwrite other text due to the width of the border or external shadow.
- For the other directives, shadows extend horizontally into the page margins,
but the border and the extra padding are kept within the text area.
- :rst:dir:`code-block` and :rst:dir:`literalinclude` use the same LaTeX
environment and commands and are not separately customizable.
LaTeX macros and environments
-----------------------------
The "LaTeX package" file :file:`sphinx.sty` loads various components
providing support macros (aka commands), and environments, which are used in
the mark-up produced on output from the ``latex`` builder, before conversion
to ``pdf`` via the LaTeX toolchain. Also the "LaTeX class" files
:file:`sphinxhowto.cls` and :file:`sphinxmanual.cls` define or customize some
environments. All of these files can be found in the latex build repertory.
Some of these provide facilities not available from pre-existing LaTeX
packages and work around LaTeX limitations with lists, table cells, verbatim
rendering, footnotes, etc...
Others simply define macros with public names to make overwriting their
defaults easy via user-added contents to the preamble. We will survey most of
those public names here, but defaults have to be looked at in their respective
definition files.
.. hint::
Sphinx LaTeX support code is split across multiple smaller-sized files.
Rather than adding code to the preamble via
`latex_elements <latex_elements_confval_>`_\ [``'preamble'``] it is
also possible to replace entirely one of the component files of Sphinx
LaTeX code with a custom version, simply by including a modified copy in
the project source and adding the filename to the
:confval:`latex_additional_files` list. Check the LaTeX build repertory
for the filenames and contents.
.. versionchanged:: 4.0.0
split of :file:`sphinx.sty` into multiple smaller units, to facilitate
customization of many aspects simultaneously.
.. _latex-macros:
Macros
~~~~~~
- Text styling commands:
.. csv-table::
:header: Name, ``maps argument #1 to:``
:align: left
:class: longtable
:delim: ;
``\sphinxstrong``; ``\textbf{#1}``
``\sphinxcode``; ``\texttt{#1}``
``\sphinxbfcode``; ``\textbf{\sphinxcode{#1}}``
``\sphinxemail``; ``\textsf{#1}``
``\sphinxtablecontinued``; ``\textsf{#1}``
``\sphinxtitleref``; ``\emph{#1}``
``\sphinxmenuselection``; ``\emph{#1}``
``\sphinxguilabel``; ``\emph{#1}``
``\sphinxkeyboard``; ``\sphinxcode{#1}``
``\sphinxaccelerator``; ``\underline{#1}``
``\sphinxcrossref``; ``\emph{#1}``
``\sphinxtermref``; ``\emph{#1}``
``\sphinxsamedocref``; ``\emph{#1}``
``\sphinxparam``; ``\emph{#1}``
``\sphinxtypeparam``; ``\emph{#1}``
``\sphinxoptional``; ``[#1]`` with larger brackets, see source
.. versionadded:: 1.4.5
Use of ``\sphinx`` prefixed macro names to limit possibilities of conflict
with LaTeX packages.
.. versionadded:: 1.8
:code-tex:`\\sphinxguilabel`
.. versionadded:: 3.0
:code-tex:`\\sphinxkeyboard`
.. versionadded:: 6.2.0
:code-tex:`\\sphinxparam`, :code-tex:`\\sphinxsamedocref`
.. versionadded:: 7.1.0
:code-tex:`\\sphinxparamcomma` which defaults to a comma followed by a
space and :code-tex:`\\sphinxparamcommaoneperline`. It is sed for
one-parameter-per-line signatures (see
:confval:`maximum_signature_line_length`) and defaults to
:code-tex:`\\texttt{,}`.
Signatures of Python functions are rendered as
``name<space>(parameters)`` or ``name<space>[type
parameters]<space>(parameters)`` (see :pep:`695`) where the length of
``<space>`` is set to ``0pt`` by default. This can be changed via
:code-tex:`\\setlength{\\sphinxsignaturelistskip}{1ex}` for instance.
- More text styling:
.. csv-table::
:header: Name, ``maps argument #1 to:``
:align: left
:class: longtable
:delim: ;
``\sphinxstyleindexentry``; ``\texttt{#1}``
``\sphinxstyleindexextra``; ``(\emph{#1})`` (with a space upfront)
``\sphinxstyleindexpageref``; ``, \pageref{#1}``
``\sphinxstyleindexpagemain``; ``\textbf{#1}``
``\sphinxstyleindexlettergroup``; ``{\Large\sffamily#1}\nopagebreak\vspace{1mm}``
``\sphinxstyleindexlettergroupDefault``; check source, too long for here
``\sphinxstyletopictitle``; ``\textbf{#1}\par\medskip``
``\sphinxstylesidebartitle``; ``\textbf{#1}\par\medskip``
``\sphinxstyleothertitle``; ``\textbf{#1}``
``\sphinxstylesidebarsubtitle``; ``~\\\textbf{#1} \smallskip``
``\sphinxstyletheadfamily``; ``\sffamily`` (*this one has no argument*)
``\sphinxstyleemphasis``; ``\emph{#1}``
``\sphinxstyleliteralemphasis``; ``\emph{\sphinxcode{#1}}``
``\sphinxstylestrong``; ``\textbf{#1}``
``\sphinxstyleliteralstrong``; ``\sphinxbfcode{#1}``
``\sphinxstyleabbreviation``; ``\textsc{#1}``
``\sphinxstyleliteralintitle``; ``\sphinxcode{#1}``
``\sphinxstylecodecontinued``; ``{\footnotesize(#1)}}``
``\sphinxstylecodecontinues``; ``{\footnotesize(#1)}}``
``\sphinxstylenotetitle``; ``\sphinxdotitlerow{note}{#1}``
``\sphinxstylehinttitle``; ``\sphinxdotitlerow{hint}{#1}``
``\sphinxstyleimportanttitle``; ``\sphinxdotitlerow{important}{#1}``
``\sphinxstyletiptitle``; ``\sphinxdotitlerow{tip}{#1}``
``\sphinxstylewarningtitle``; ``\sphinxdotitlerow{warning}{#1}``
``\sphinxstylecautiontitle``; ``\sphinxdotitlerow{caution}{#1}``
``\sphinxstyleattentiontitle``; ``\sphinxdotitlerow{attention}{#1}``
``\sphinxstyledangertitle``; ``\sphinxdotitlerow{danger}{#1}``
``\sphinxstyleerrortitle``; ``\sphinxdotitlerow{error}{#1}``
``\sphinxstyleseealsotitle``; ``\sphinxdotitlerow{seealso}{#1}``
``\sphinxstyletodotitle``; ``\sphinxdotitlerow{todo}{#1}``
``\sphinxstyletopictitle``; ``\sphinxdotitlerow{topic}{#1}``
``\sphinxstylecontentstitle``; ``\sphinxdotitlerow{contents}{#1}``
``\sphinxstylesidebartitle``; ``\sphinxdotitlerow{sidebar}{#1}``
.. note::
To let this table fit on the page width in PDF output we have lied a bit.
For instance, the actual definition of :code-tex:`\\sphinxstylenotetitle` is:
.. code-block:: latex
\newcommand\sphinxstylenotetitle[1]%
{\sphinxdotitlerow{note}{\sphinxremovefinalcolon{#1}}}
The same remark applies to all other similar commands associated with
admonitions. The :dudir:`topic`, contents_, and :dudir:`sidebar` do not
use :code-tex:`\\sphinxremovefinalcolon` as they don't need it.
.. versionadded:: 1.5
These macros were formerly hard-coded as non customizable :code-tex:`\\texttt`,
:code-tex:`\\emph`, etc...
.. versionadded:: 1.6
:code-tex:`\\sphinxstyletheadfamily` which defaults to
:code-tex:`\\sffamily` and allows
multiple paragraphs in header cells of tables.
.. versionadded:: 1.6.3
:code-tex:`\\sphinxstylecodecontinued` and
:code-tex:`\\sphinxstylecodecontinues`.
.. versionadded:: 1.8
:code-tex:`\\sphinxstyleindexlettergroup`,
:code-tex:`\\sphinxstyleindexlettergroupDefault`.
.. versionadded:: 6.2.0
:code-tex:`\\sphinxstylenotetitle` et al. The ``#1`` is the localized
name of the directive, with a final colon. Wrap it as
:code-tex:`\\sphinxremovefinalcolon{#1}` if this final colon is to be
removed.
.. versionadded:: 7.4.0
Added the :code-tex:`\\sphinxdotitlerowwithicon` LaTeX command.
.. versionchanged:: 8.1.0
:code-tex:`\\sphinxdotitlerowwithicon` now detects automatically if an icon is
associated or not with the rendered element used as first argument.
.. versionadded:: 8.1.0 Make :code-tex:`\\sphinxdotitlerow` an alias to
:code-tex:`\\sphinxdotitlerowwithicon`.
.. versionadded:: 8.1.0
Titles of :dudir:`topic`, contents_, and :dudir:`sidebar` directives are
also styled using :code-tex:`\\sphinxdotitlerow` (they have no default icons
associated with them).
- :code-tex:`\\sphinxtableofcontents`: A wrapper (defined differently in
:file:`sphinxhowto.cls` and in :file:`sphinxmanual.cls`) of standard
:code-tex:`\\tableofcontents`. The macro
:code-tex:`\\sphinxtableofcontentshook` is executed during its expansion right
before :code-tex:`\\tableofcontents` itself.
.. versionchanged:: 1.5
Formerly, the meaning of :code-tex:`\\tableofcontents` was modified by Sphinx.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0
Hard-coded redefinitions of :code-tex:`\\l@section` and
:code-tex:`\\l@subsection` formerly done during loading of ``'manual'``
docclass are now executed later via
:code-tex:`\\sphinxtableofcontentshook`. This macro is also executed by
the ``'howto'`` docclass, but defaults to empty with it.
.. hint::
If adding to preamble the loading of ``tocloft`` package, also add to
preamble :code-tex:`\\renewcommand\sphinxtableofcontentshook{}` else it
will reset :code-tex:`\\l@section` and :code-tex:`\\l@subsection`
cancelling ``tocloft`` customization.
- :code-tex:`\\sphinxmaketitle`: Used as the default setting of the ``'maketitle'``
:confval:`latex_elements` key.
Defined in the class files :file:`sphinxmanual.cls` and
:file:`sphinxhowto.cls`.
.. versionchanged:: 1.8.3
Formerly, :code-tex:`\\maketitle` from LaTeX document class was modified by
Sphinx.
- :code-tex:`\\sphinxbackoftitlepage`: For ``'manual'`` docclass, and if it is
defined, it gets executed at end of :code-tex:`\\sphinxmaketitle`, before
the final :code-tex:`\\clearpage`. Use either the ``'maketitle'`` key or
the ``'preamble'`` key of :confval:`latex_elements` to add a custom
definition of :code-tex:`\\sphinxbackoftitlepage`.
.. versionadded:: 1.8.3
- :code-tex:`\\sphinxcite`: A wrapper of standard :code-tex:`\\cite` for
citation references.
.. _sphinxbox:
The :code-tex:`\\sphinxbox` command
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. versionadded:: 6.2.0
The :code-tex:`\\sphinxbox[key=value,...]{inline text}` command can be used to "box"
inline text elements with all the customizability which has been described in
:ref:`additionalcss`. It is a LaTeX command with one optional argument, which
is a comma-separated list of key=value pairs, as for :ref:`latexsphinxsetup`.
Here is the complete list of keys. They don't use any prefix.
- ``border-width``,
- ``border-top-width``, ``border-right-width``, ``border-bottom-width``,
``border-left-width``,
- ``padding``,
- ``padding-top``, ``padding-right``, ``padding-bottom``, ``padding-left``,
- ``border-radius``,
- ``border-top-left-radius``, ``border-top-right-radius``,
``border-bottom-right-radius``, ``border-bottom-left-radius``,
- ``box-shadow``,
- ``border-TeXcolor``, ``background-TeXcolor``, ``box-shadow-TeXcolor``,
``TeXcolor``,
- ``TeXextras``,
- and ``addstrut`` which is a boolean key, i.e. to be used as ``addstrut=true``,
or ``addstrut`` alone where ``=true`` is omitted, or ``addstrut=false``.
This last key is specific to :code-tex:`\\sphinxbox` and it means to add a
:code-tex:`\\strut` so that heights and depths are equalized across various
instances on the same line with varying contents. The default is
``addstrut=false``. The combination ``addstrut, padding-bottom=0pt,
padding-top=1pt`` is often satisfactory.
Refer to :ref:`additionalcss` for important syntax information regarding the
other keys. The default configuration uses no shadow, a border-width of
:code-tex:`\\fboxrule`, a padding of :code-tex:`\\fboxsep`, circular corners
with radii :code-tex:`\\fboxsep` and background and border colors as for the
default rendering of code-blocks.
When a :code-tex:`\\sphinxbox` usage is nested within another one, it will ignore the
options of the outer one: it first resets all options to their default state
as they were prior to applying the outer box options, then it applies its own
specific ones.
One can modify these defaults via the command
:code-tex:`\\sphinxboxsetup{key=value,...}`. The effect is cumulative, if one
uses this command multiple times. Here the options are a mandatory argument
so are within curly braces, not square brackets.
Here is some example of use:
.. code-block:: latex
latex_elements = {
'preamble': r'''
% modify globally the defaults
\sphinxboxsetup{border-width=2pt,%
border-radius=4pt,%
background-TeXcolor=yellow!20}
% configure some styling element with some extra specific options:
\protected\def\sphinxkeyboard#1{\sphinxbox[border-TeXcolor=green]{\sphinxcode{#1}}}
''',
}
A utility :code-tex:`\\newsphinxbox` is provided to create a new boxing macro,
say :code-tex:`\\foo` which will act exactly like :code-tex:`\\sphinxbox` but
with a given extra configuration:
.. code-block:: latex
% the specific options to \foo are within brackets
\newsphinxbox[border-radius=0pt, box-shadow=2pt 2pt]{\foo}
% then use this \foo, possibly with some extra options still:
\protected\def\sphinxguilabel#1{\foo{#1}}
\protected\def\sphinxmenuselection#1{\foo[box-shadow-TeXcolor=gray]{#1}}
Boxes rendered with :code-tex:`\\foo` obey as the ones using directly
:code-tex:`\\sphinxbox` the current configuration as set possibly mid-way in
document via :code-tex:`\\sphinxboxsetup` (from a :dudir:`raw` LaTeX mark-up),
the only difference is that they have an initial additional set of default
extras.
In the above examples, you can probably use :code-tex:`\\renewcommand` syntax
if you prefer it to :code-tex:`\\protected\\def` (with ``[1]`` in place of
``#1`` then).
Environments
~~~~~~~~~~~~
- A :dudir:`figure` may have an optional legend with arbitrary body
elements: they are rendered in a ``sphinxlegend`` environment. The default
definition issues :code-tex:`\\small`, and ends with :code-tex:`\\par`.
.. versionadded:: 1.5.6
Formerly, the :code-tex:`\\small` was hardcoded in LaTeX writer and the ending
:code-tex:`\\par` was lacking.
- Environments associated with admonitions:
- ``sphinxnote``,
- ``sphinxhint``,
- ``sphinximportant``,
- ``sphinxtip``,
- ``sphinxwarning``,
- ``sphinxcaution``,
- ``sphinxattention``,
- ``sphinxdanger``,
- ``sphinxerror``.
They may be :code-tex:`\\renewenvironment`
'd individually, and must then be defined with one argument (it is the heading
of the notice, for example ``Warning:`` for :dudir:`warning` directive, if
English is the document language). Their default definitions use either the
*sphinxheavybox* (for the last 5 ones) or the *sphinxlightbox*
environments, configured to use the parameters (colors, border thickness)
specific to each type, which can be set via ``'sphinxsetup'`` string.
.. versionchanged:: 1.5
Use of public environment names, separate customizability of the
parameters, such as ``noteBorderColor``, ``noteborder``,
``warningBgColor``, ``warningBorderColor``, ``warningborder``, ...
- Environment for the :rst:dir:`seealso` directive: ``sphinxseealso``.
It takes one argument which will be the localized string ``See also``
followed with a colon.
.. versionadded:: 6.1.0
.. versionchanged:: 6.2.0
Colon made part of the mark-up rather than being inserted by the
environment for coherence with how admonitions are handled generally.
- Environment for the :rst:dir:`todo` directive: ``sphinxtodo``.
It takes one argument, namely the localization of ``Todo``
(with a colon at the end; the default rendering will remove that
colon and put the localized string in its own colored title-row).
.. versionadded:: 7.4.0
- The :dudir:`topic`, contents_ and :dudir:`sidebar` directives
are associated with respectively ``sphinxtopic``, ``sphinxcontents``,
and ``sphinxsidebar`` environments.
.. versionadded:: 1.4.2
Former code refactored into an environment allowing page breaks.
.. versionchanged:: 1.5
Options ``shadowsep``, ``shadowsize``, ``shadowrule``.
.. versionadded:: 8.1.0
Separate environments (all three wrappers around ``sphinxShadowBox``)
and separate customizability.
- The literal blocks (via ``::`` or :rst:dir:`code-block`), and literal
includes (:rst:dir:`literalinclude`) are
implemented using ``sphinxVerbatim`` environment which is a wrapper of
``Verbatim`` environment from package ``fancyvrb.sty``. It adds the handling
of the top caption and the wrapping of long lines, and a frame which allows
page breaks. Inside tables the used
environment is ``sphinxVerbatimintable`` (it does not draw a frame, but
allows a caption).
.. versionchanged:: 1.5
``Verbatim`` keeps exact same meaning as in ``fancyvrb.sty`` (also
under the name ``OriginalVerbatim``); ``sphinxVerbatimintable`` is used
inside tables.
.. versionadded:: 1.5
Options ``verbatimwithframe``, ``verbatimwrapslines``,
``verbatimsep``, ``verbatimborder``.
.. versionadded:: 1.6.6
Support for ``:emphasize-lines:`` option
.. versionadded:: 1.6.6
Easier customizability of the formatting via exposed to user LaTeX macros
such as :code-tex:`\\sphinxVerbatimHighlightLine`.
- The bibliography uses ``sphinxthebibliography`` and the Python Module index
as well as the general index both use ``sphinxtheindex``; these environments
are wrappers of the ``thebibliography`` and respectively ``theindex``
environments as provided by the document class (or packages).
.. versionchanged:: 1.5
Formerly, the original environments were modified by Sphinx.
Miscellany
~~~~~~~~~~
- Every text paragraph in document body starts with :code-tex:`\\sphinxAtStartPar`.
Currently, this is used to insert a zero width horizontal skip which
is a trick to allow TeX hyphenation of the first word of a paragraph
in a narrow context (like a table cell). For ``'lualatex'`` which
does not need the trick, the :code-tex:`\\sphinxAtStartPar` does nothing.
.. versionadded:: 3.5.0
- The section, subsection, ... headings are set using *titlesec*'s
:code-tex:`\\titleformat` command.
- For the ``'manual'`` docclass, the chapter headings can be customized using
*fncychap*'s commands :code-tex:`\\ChNameVar`, :code-tex:`\\ChNumVar`,
:code-tex:`\\ChTitleVar`. File :file:`sphinx.sty` has custom re-definitions in
case of *fncychap* option ``Bjarne``.
.. versionchanged:: 1.5
Formerly, use of *fncychap* with other styles than ``Bjarne`` was
dysfunctional.
- The :dudir:`role` directive allows to mark inline text with class arguments.
This is handled in LaTeX output via the :code-tex:`\\DUrole` dispatcher
command `as in Docutils <classarguments_>`_. Object signatures also use
:code-tex:`\\DUrole` for some components, with one or two-letters class
names as in HTML output.
.. versionchanged:: 8.1.0
When multiple classes are injected via a a custom role, the LaTeX output
uses nested :code-tex:`\\DUrole`'s as in the `Docutils documentation
<classarguments_>`_. Formerly it used a single :code-tex:`\\DUrole` with
comma separated classes, making the LaTeX customization more arduous.
.. _classarguments: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/docs/user/latex.html#custom-interpreted-text-roles
.. _latexcontainer:
- Docutils :dudir:`container` directives are supported in LaTeX output: to
let a container class with name ``foo`` influence the final PDF via LaTeX,
it is only needed to define in the preamble an environment
``sphinxclassfoo``. A simple example would be:
.. code-block:: latex
\newenvironment{sphinxclassred}{\color{red}}{}
Currently the class names must contain only ASCII characters and avoid
characters special to LaTeX such as ``\``.
.. versionadded:: 4.1.0
.. hint::
As an experimental feature, Sphinx can use user-defined template file for
LaTeX source if you have a file named ``_templates/latex.tex.jinja`` in your
project.
Additional files ``longtable.tex.jinja``, ``tabulary.tex.jinja`` and
``tabular.tex.jinja`` can be added to ``_templates/`` to configure some
aspects of table rendering (such as the caption position).
.. versionadded:: 1.6
currently all template variables are unstable and undocumented.
.. versionchanged:: 7.4
Added support for the ``.jinja`` file extension, which is preferred.
The old file names remain supported.
(``latex.tex_t``, ``longtable.tex_t``, ``tabulary.tex_t``, and ``tabular.tex_t``)
.. raw:: latex
\endgroup
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