// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 // // bootsect.S supports booting directly from the BIOS or via an intermediate // bootloader that supports the Linux boot protocol. If booted directly from // the BIOS, it is loaded at address 0x7c00. It then loads setup.S immediately // after itself (address 0x7e00) and the main program code at segment MAIN_SEG, // using BIOS interrupts to read the data from disk. When using an intermediate // bootloader, it provides the first few bytes of the Linux boot header (at the // end of the boot sector), with the remainder of the header being provided by // setup.S. // // Copyright (C) 2020 Martin Whitaker. // // Derived from memtest86+ bootsect.S: // // bootsect.s Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds // // 1-Jan-96 Modified by Chris Brady for use as a boot loader for MemTest-86. #define __ASSEMBLY__ #include "boot.h" .section ".bootsect", "ax", @progbits .code16 # The BIOS boot entry point. This will be located at 0x7c00. .globl boot boot: # Initialise the segment registers and the stack. ljmp $BOOT_SEG, $init init: movw %cs, %ax movw %ax, %ds movw %ax, %es movw %ax, %ss movw $BOOT_STACK_TOP, %ax movw %ax, %sp # Many BIOS's default disk parameter tables will not recognize # multi-sector reads beyond the maximum sector number specified # in the default diskette parameter tables - this may mean 7 # sectors in some cases. # # Since single sector reads are slow and out of the question, # we must take care of this by creating new parameter tables # (for the first disk) in RAM. We will set the maximum sector # count to 18 - the most we will encounter on an HD 1.44. # # High doesn't hurt. Low does. # # Segments are as follows: # ds=es=ss=cs = BOOT_SEG, # fs = 0, gs = parameter table segment pushw $0 popw %fs movw $0x78, %bx # fs:bx is parameter table address lgs %fs:(%bx),%si # gs:si is source movw %dx, %di # es:di is destination movw $6, %cx # copy 12 bytes cld rep movsw %gs:(%si), (%di) movw %dx, %di movb $18, 4(%di) # patch sector count movw %di, %fs:(%bx) movw %es, %fs:2(%bx) movw %cs, %ax movw %ax, %fs movw %ax, %gs xorb %ah, %ah # reset FDC xorb %dl, %dl int $0x13 # Load the setup sectors directly after the boot block. # Note that 'es' is already set up. load_setup: xorw %dx, %dx # drive 0, head 0 movw $0x0002, %cx # sector 2, track 0 movw $0x0200, %bx # address = 512, in BOOT_SEG movw $(0x0200 + SETUP_SECS), %ax # service 2, nr of sectors # (assume all on head 0, track 0) int $0x13 # read it jnc load_setup_done # ok - continue pushw %ax # dump error code call print_nl movw %sp, %bp call print_hex popw %ax xorb %dl, %dl # reset FDC xorb %ah, %ah int $0x13 jmp load_setup load_setup_done: # Get disk drive parameters, specifically number of sectors/track. # It seems that there is no BIOS call to get the number of sectors. # Guess 18 sectors if sector 18 can be read, 15 if sector 15 can be # read. Otherwise guess 9. xorw %dx, %dx # drive 0, head 0 movw $0x0012, %cx # sector 18, track 0 movw $BOOT_STACK, %bx # use the bottom of the stack (es = cs) movw $0x0201, %ax # service 2, 1 sector int $0x13 jnc got_sectors movb $0x0f, %cl # sector 15 movw $0x0201, %ax # service 2, 1 sector int $0x13 jnc got_sectors movb $0x09, %cl got_sectors: movw %cx, %cs:sectors movw $BOOT_SEG, %ax movw %ax, %es # Print a message. movb $0x03, %ah # read cursor pos xorb %bh, %bh int $0x10 leaw boot_msg, %bp movw $(boot_msg_end - boot_msg), %cx movw $0x0007, %bx # page 0, attribute 7 (normal) movw $0x1301, %ax # write string, move cursor int $0x10 # Load the main test program. movw $MAIN_SEG, %ax movw %ax, %es call read_it call kill_motor call turn_off_cursor call print_nl # Fix up the Linux boot header to indicate we've loaded into low memory. leaw code32_start, %di movl $LOW_LOAD_ADDR, (%di) # After that (everything loaded), we jump to the setup code loaded # directly after the boot block. ljmp $SETUP_SEG, $0 # This subroutine loads the system at address 0x10000, making sure no 64KB # boundaries are crossed. We try to load it as fast as possible, loading # whole tracks whenever we can. # # in: es - starting address segment (normally 0x1000) # sread: .word 1 + SETUP_SECS # sectors read of current track head: .word 0 # current head track: .word 0 # current track read_it: movw %es, %ax testw $0x0fff, %ax die: jne die # es must be at 64kB boundary xorw %bx,%bx # bx is starting address within segment rp_read: movw %es, %ax subw $MAIN_SEG, %ax # have we loaded all yet? cmpw sys_size, %ax jbe ok1_read ret ok1_read: movw %cs:sectors, %ax subw sread, %ax movw %ax, %cx shlw $9, %cx addw %bx, %cx jnc ok2_read je ok2_read xorw %ax, %ax subw %bx, %ax shrw $9, %ax ok2_read: call read_track movw %ax, %cx add sread, %ax cmpw %cs:sectors, %ax jne ok3_read movw $1, %ax subw head, %ax jne ok4_read incw track ok4_read: movw %ax, head xorw %ax, %ax ok3_read: movw %ax, sread shlw $9, %cx addw %cx, %bx jnc rp_read movw %es, %ax addb $0x10, %ah movw %ax, %es xorw %bx, %bx jmp rp_read read_track: pusha pusha movw $0xe2e, %ax # loading... message 2e = . movw $7, %bx int $0x10 popa movw track, %dx movw sread, %cx incw %cx movb %dl, %ch movw head, %dx movb %dl, %dh andw $0x0100, %dx movb $2, %ah pushw %dx # save for error dump pushw %cx pushw %bx pushw %ax int $0x13 jc bad_rt addw $8, %sp popa ret bad_rt: pushw %ax # save error code call print_all # ah = error, al = read xorb %ah, %ah xorb %dl, %dl int $0x13 addw $10, %sp popa jmp read_track # This subroutine is for debugging purposes. It will print out all of the # registers. The assumption is that this is called from a routine, with a # stack frame like: # dx # cx # bx # ax # err # ret <- sp print_all: movw $5, %cx # error code + 4 registers movw %sp, %bp print_loop: pushw %cx # save count left call print_nl # nl for readability cmpb 5, %cl # see if register name is needed jae no_reg movw $(0xe05 + 'A' - 1), %ax subb %cl, %al int $0x10 movb $'X', %al int $0x10 movb $':', %al int $0x10 no_reg: addw $2, %bp # next register call print_hex # print it popw %cx loop print_loop ret print_nl: movw $0xe0d, %ax # CR int $0x10 movb $0x0a, %al # LF int $0x10 ret # This subroutine is for debugging purposes, and prints the word pointed to # by ss:bp in hexadecimal. print_hex: movw $4, %cx # 4 hex digits movw (%bp), %dx # load word into dx print_digit: rolw $4, %dx # rotate so that lowest 4 bits are used movb $0xe, %ah movb %dl, %al # mask off so we have only next nibble andb $0xf, %al addb $'0', %al # convert to 0-based digit cmpb $'9', %al # check for overflow jbe good_digit addb $('A' - '0' - 10), %al good_digit: int $0x10 loop print_digit ret # This subroutine turns off the floppy drive motor, so that we enter the # kernel in a known state, and don't have to worry about it later. kill_motor: pushw %dx movw $0x3f2, %dx xorb %al, %al outb %al, %dx popw %dx ret # This subroutine turns off the text display cursor. turn_off_cursor: movb $0x01, %ah movb $0x00, %bh movw $0x2000, %cx int $0x10 ret # Local variables. sectors: .word 0 boot_msg: .ascii "Loading PCMemTest" boot_msg_end: # Emulate the Linux boot header, to allow loading by intermediate boot loaders. .org 497 setup_sects: .byte SETUP_SECS root_flags: .word 0 sys_size: .long _sys_size ram_size: .word 0 vid_mode: .word 0 root_dev: .word 0 boot_flag: .word 0xAA55