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Merge remote-tracking branch 'xo-vmdk-to-vhd/master'

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Julien Fontanet 2017-10-05 17:53:06 +02:00
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/examples/
example.js
example.js.map
*.example.js
*.example.js.map
/test/
/tests/
*.spec.js
*.spec.js.map

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language: node_js
sudo: required
dist: trusty
node_js:
- stable
- 6
- 4
env:
- CXX=g++-4.8
addons:
apt:
sources:
- ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
packages:
- g++-4.8
- uuid-dev
- build-essential
- qemu-utils
install:
- sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty multiverse"
- sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates multiverse"
- sudo apt-get update
- sudo -E apt-get -yq --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends --force-yes install virtualbox
- npm install
- wget https://github.com/rubiojr/vhd-util-convert/archive/master.tar.gz -O /tmp/vhd-util-convert.tar.gz
- tar -xvf /tmp/vhd-util-convert.tar.gz
- (cd vhd-util-convert-master && make)
- df
- pwd
- echo "$TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR"
script:
- npm test
- find $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR -name '*.vhd' -print0 | xargs -n 1 -0 ./vhd-util-convert-master/vhd-util scan -v

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it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published
by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If your software can interact with users remotely through a computer
network, you should also make sure that it provides a way for users to
get its source. For example, if your program is a web application, its
interface could display a "Source" link that leads users to an archive
of the code. There are many ways you could offer source, and different
solutions will be better for different programs; see section 13 for the
specific requirements.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU AGPL, see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

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# xo-vmdk-to-vhd [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/vatesfr/xen-orchestra.png?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/vatesfr/xen-orchestra)
> JS lib streaming a vmdk file to a vhd
## Install
Installation of the [npm package](https://npmjs.org/package/xo-vmdk-to-vhd):
```
> npm install --save xo-vmdk-to-vhd
```
## Usage
To convert a VMDK stream to a Fixed VHD stream without buffering the entire input or output:
```js
import convertFromVMDK from 'xo-vmdk-to-vhd'
import {createReadStream, createWriteStream} from 'fs'
(async () => {
const stream = await convertFromVMDK(fs.createReadStream(vmdkFileName))
stream.pipe(fs.createWriteStream(vhdFileName))
})()
```
or:
```js
var convertFromVMDK = require('xo-vmdk-to-vhd').default
var createReadStream = require('fs').createReadStream
var createWriteStream = require('fs').createWriteStream
convertFromVMDK(fs.createReadStream(vmdkFileName)).then(function (stream) {
stream.pipe(fs.createWriteStream(vhdFileName))
})
```
## Development
```
# Install dependencies
> npm install
# Run the tests
> npm test
# Continuously compile
> npm run dev
# Continuously run the tests
> npm run dev-test
# Build for production (automatically called by npm install)
> npm run build
```
## Contributions
Contributions are *very* welcomed, either on the documentation or on
the code.
You may:
- report any [issue](https://github.com/vatesfr/xen-orchestra/issues/)
you've encountered;
- fork and create a pull request.
## License
AGPLv3.0 © [Vates SAS](https://vates.fr)

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# Some notes about the conversion
---
## File formats
VMDK and VHD file format share the same high level principles:
- sparse format with chunks addressed in a directory
- a header copied in the footer
- the address of the directory is in the header/footer
There is a major difference: VMDK can, and most often do, compress the
chunks.
[The VMDK specification](https://www.vmware.com/support/developer/vddk/vmdk_50_technote.pdf)
[A very good help on VMDK](https://github.com/libyal/libvmdk/blob/master/documentation/VMWare%20Virtual%20Disk%20Format%20(VMDK).asciidoc)
[The VHD specification](http://download.microsoft.com/download/f/f/e/ffef50a5-07dd-4cf8-aaa3-442c0673a029/Virtual%20Hard%20Disk%20Format%20Spec_10_18_06.doc)
## StreamOptimized VMDK
The streamOptimized VMDK file format was designed so that from a file on
disk an application can generate a VMDK file going forwards without ever
needing to seek() backwards. The idea is to:
- generate a header without a
directory address in it (-1),
- dump all the compressed chunks in the stream while generating the
directory in memory
- dump the directory marker
- dump the directory and record its position
- dump the fine directory marker
- dump the fine directory
- dump the footer marker
- dump the footer, with the directory address previously recorded
- dump the end of file marker
All the files found on the internet had their chunks in ascending
position order, which was our assumption all along.
We see that (with an exception below) we'll find the directory at the
end of the file, preventing us from pre-computing the output file
topology.
The markers are here to help decoding the VMDK file from a stream
without seek(). This is not really possible for us because the VHD file
format requires the directory address to be set in the header, and said
address is not known until the end of the file.
## Variable topology
The directory can be anywhere in a VMDK or VHD file, but it will most
often be either at the top or at the bottom, ie before or after the
chunks.
Since we can't pre-compute the topology with a directory at the
bottom and variable size chunks, nor seek(), nor editing the
output VHD file(and the VHD format requires the directory address to be
in the header), and the chunks are in ascending order of position
everywhere we looked at, we decided to generate a raw VHD output file.
A raw VHD disk consists of a dense image of the disk followed by a
footer, without any directory or chunking involved
### A Strange file
When scouring the internet for test files, we stumbled on [a strange OVA file](http://blog.waldrondigital.com/2012/09/23/zoneminder-virtual-machine-appliance-for-vmware-esxi-workstation-fusion/).
The VMDK contained in the OVA (which is a tar of various files), had a
few oddities:
- it declared having markers in it's header, but there were no marker
for its primary and secondary directory, nor for its footer
- its directories are at the top, and declared in the header.
- it declared being streamOptimized
The absence of markers lead us to add code for reading and
skipping the directories when they are at the beginning. This
opportunity could be leveraged to actually generate a sparse output
file.
## Disk geometry
### Converted geometry
Some VMDK files have a geometry declared as 0/0/0, a new geometry is
created in the output file according the VHD specification.
### Geometry size vs. declared size
For their inner working some applications will compute a disk size from
the geometry while others will simply read the size from the appropriate
header. This can cause some misunderstanding when converting a file from
one application an other.
### Stream length
The VHD stream doesn't declare its length, because that breaks the
downstream computation in xo-server, but with a fixed VHD file format,
we can pre-compute the exact file length and advertise it.

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{
"name": "xo-vmdk-to-vhd",
"version": "0.0.12",
"license": "AGPL-3.0",
"description": "JS lib streaming a vmdk file to a vhd",
"keywords": [
"vhd",
"vmdk"
],
"homepage": "https://github.com/vatesfr/xen-orchestra/tree/master/packages/xo-vmdk-to-vhd",
"bugs": "https://github.com/vatesfr/xo-web/issues",
"repository": {
"type": "git",
"url": "https://github.com/vatesfr/xen-orchestra.git"
},
"preferGlobal": false,
"main": "dist/",
"bin": {},
"files": [
"dist/"
],
"engines": {
"node": ">=4"
},
"dependencies": {
"babel-runtime": "^6.18.0",
"child-process-promise": "^2.0.3",
"deflate-js": "^0.2.3",
"fs-promise": "^2.0.0",
"pipette": "^0.9.3"
},
"devDependencies": {
"babel-cli": "^6.18.0",
"babel-eslint": "^7.1.0",
"babel-plugin-transform-runtime": "^6.15.0",
"babel-preset-env": "^1.0.0",
"babel-preset-stage-0": "^6.16.0",
"cross-env": "^3.1.3",
"dependency-check": "^2.6.0",
"ghooks": "^1.3.2",
"mocha": "^3.1.2",
"must": "^0.13.2",
"rimraf": "^2.5.4",
"standard": "^8.5.0"
},
"scripts": {
"build": "cross-env NODE_ENV=production babel --source-maps --out-dir=dist/ src/",
"clean": "rimraf dist/",
"depcheck": "dependency-check ./package.json",
"dev": "cross-env NODE_ENV=development babel --watch --source-maps --out-dir=dist/ src/",
"dev-test": "mocha --watch --reporter=min \"dist/**/*.spec.js\"",
"lint": "standard",
"posttest": "npm run lint && npm run depcheck",
"prebuild": "npm run clean",
"predev": "npm run clean",
"prepublish": "npm run build",
"test": "mocha \"dist/**/*.spec.js\""
},
"babel": {
"plugins": [
"transform-runtime"
],
"presets": [
[
"env",
{
"targets": {
"node": 4
}
}
],
"stage-0"
]
},
"standard": {
"ignore": [
"dist"
],
"parser": "babel-eslint"
},
"config": {
"ghooks": {
"commit-msg": "npm test"
}
}
}

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export { convertFromVMDK as default } from './vhd-write'

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'use strict'
import {open, write} from 'fs-promise'
import stream from 'stream'
import {VMDKDirectParser} from './vmdk-read'
const footerCookie = 'conectix'
const creatorApp = 'xo '
// it looks like everybody is using Wi2k
const osString = 'Wi2k'
const headerCookie = 'cxsparse'
const fixedHardDiskType = 2
const dynamicHardDiskType = 3
const sectorSize = 512
export function computeChecksum (buffer) {
let sum = 0
for (let i = 0; i < buffer.length; i++) {
sum += buffer[i]
}
// http://stackoverflow.com/a/1908655/72637 the >>> prevents the number from going negative
return (~sum) >>> 0
}
class Block {
constructor (blockSize) {
const bitmapSize = blockSize / sectorSize / 8
const bufferSize = Math.ceil((blockSize + bitmapSize) / sectorSize) * sectorSize
this.buffer = new Buffer(bufferSize)
this.buffer.fill(0)
this.bitmapBuffer = this.buffer.slice(0, bitmapSize)
this.dataBuffer = this.buffer.slice(bitmapSize)
this.bitmapBuffer.fill(0xff)
}
writeData (buffer, offset = 0) {
buffer.copy(this.dataBuffer, offset)
}
async writeOnFile (file) {
await write(file, this.buffer, 0, this.buffer.length)
}
}
class SparseExtent {
constructor (dataSize, blockSize, startOffset) {
this.table = createEmptyTable(dataSize, blockSize)
this.blockSize = blockSize
this.startOffset = (startOffset + this.table.buffer.length) / sectorSize
}
get entryCount () {
return this.table.entryCount
}
_writeBlock (blockBuffer, tableIndex, offset) {
if (blockBuffer.length + offset > this.blockSize) {
throw new Error('invalid block geometry')
}
let entry = this.table.entries[tableIndex]
if (entry === undefined) {
entry = new Block(this.blockSize)
this.table.entries[tableIndex] = entry
}
entry.writeData(blockBuffer, offset)
}
writeBuffer (buffer, offset = 0) {
const startBlock = Math.floor(offset / this.blockSize)
const endBlock = Math.ceil((offset + buffer.length) / this.blockSize)
for (let i = startBlock; i < endBlock; i++) {
const blockDelta = offset - (i * this.blockSize)
let blockBuffer, blockOffset
if (blockDelta > 0) {
blockBuffer = buffer.slice(0, (i + 1) * this.blockSize - offset)
blockOffset = blockDelta
} else {
blockBuffer = buffer.slice(-blockDelta, (i + 1) * this.blockSize - offset)
blockOffset = 0
}
this._writeBlock(blockBuffer, i, blockOffset)
}
}
async writeOnFile (file) {
let currentOffset = this.startOffset
for (let i = 0; i < this.table.entryCount; i++) {
const block = this.table.entries[i]
if (block !== undefined) {
this.table.buffer.writeUInt32BE(currentOffset, i * 4)
currentOffset += block.buffer.length / sectorSize
}
}
await write(file, this.table.buffer, 0, this.table.buffer.length)
for (let i = 0; i < this.table.entryCount; i++) {
const block = this.table.entries[i]
if (block !== undefined) {
await block.writeOnFile(file)
}
}
}
}
export class VHDFile {
constructor (virtualSize, timestamp) {
this.geomtry = computeGeometryForSize(virtualSize)
this.timestamp = timestamp
this.blockSize = 0x00200000
this.sparseFile = new SparseExtent(this.geomtry.actualSize, this.blockSize, sectorSize * 3)
}
writeBuffer (buffer, offset = 0) {
this.sparseFile.writeBuffer(buffer, offset)
}
async writeFile (fileName) {
const fileFooter = createFooter(this.geomtry.actualSize, this.timestamp, this.geomtry, dynamicHardDiskType, 512, 0)
const diskHeader = createDynamicDiskHeader(this.sparseFile.entryCount, this.blockSize)
const file = await open(fileName, 'w')
await write(file, fileFooter, 0, fileFooter.length)
await write(file, diskHeader, 0, diskHeader.length)
await this.sparseFile.writeOnFile(file)
await write(file, fileFooter, 0, fileFooter.length)
}
}
export function computeGeometryForSize (size) {
let totalSectors = Math.ceil(size / 512)
let sectorsPerTrack
let heads
let cylinderTimesHeads
if (totalSectors > 65535 * 16 * 255) {
throw Error('disk is too big')
}
// straight copypasta from the file spec appendix on CHS Calculation
if (totalSectors >= 65535 * 16 * 63) {
sectorsPerTrack = 255
heads = 16
cylinderTimesHeads = totalSectors / sectorsPerTrack
} else {
sectorsPerTrack = 17
cylinderTimesHeads = totalSectors / sectorsPerTrack
heads = Math.floor((cylinderTimesHeads + 1023) / 1024)
if (heads < 4) {
heads = 4
}
if (cylinderTimesHeads >= (heads * 1024) || heads > 16) {
sectorsPerTrack = 31
heads = 16
cylinderTimesHeads = totalSectors / sectorsPerTrack
}
if (cylinderTimesHeads >= (heads * 1024)) {
sectorsPerTrack = 63
heads = 16
cylinderTimesHeads = totalSectors / sectorsPerTrack
}
}
let cylinders = Math.floor(cylinderTimesHeads / heads)
let actualSize = cylinders * heads * sectorsPerTrack * sectorSize
return {cylinders, heads, sectorsPerTrack, actualSize}
}
export function createFooter (size, timestamp, geometry, diskType, dataOffsetLow = 0xFFFFFFFF, dataOffsetHigh = 0xFFFFFFFF) {
let footer = new Buffer(512)
footer.fill(0)
new Buffer(footerCookie, 'ascii').copy(footer)
footer.writeUInt32BE(2, 8)
footer.writeUInt32BE(0x00010000, 12)
footer.writeUInt32BE(dataOffsetHigh, 16)
footer.writeUInt32BE(dataOffsetLow, 20)
footer.writeUInt32BE(timestamp, 24)
new Buffer(creatorApp, 'ascii').copy(footer, 28)
new Buffer(osString, 'ascii').copy(footer, 36)
// do not use & 0xFFFFFFFF to extract lower bits, that would propagate a negative sign if the 2^31 bit is one
const sizeHigh = Math.floor(size / Math.pow(2, 32)) % Math.pow(2, 32)
const sizeLow = size % Math.pow(2, 32)
footer.writeUInt32BE(sizeHigh, 40)
footer.writeUInt32BE(sizeLow, 44)
footer.writeUInt32BE(sizeHigh, 48)
footer.writeUInt32BE(sizeLow, 52)
footer.writeUInt16BE(geometry['cylinders'], 56)
footer.writeUInt8(geometry['heads'], 58)
footer.writeUInt8(geometry['sectorsPerTrack'], 59)
footer.writeUInt32BE(diskType, 60)
let checksum = computeChecksum(footer)
footer.writeUInt32BE(checksum, 64)
return footer
}
export function createDynamicDiskHeader (tableEntries, blockSize) {
let header = new Buffer(1024)
header.fill(0)
new Buffer(headerCookie, 'ascii').copy(header)
// hard code no next data
header.writeUInt32BE(0xFFFFFFFF, 8)
header.writeUInt32BE(0xFFFFFFFF, 12)
// hard code table offset
header.writeUInt32BE(0, 16)
header.writeUInt32BE(sectorSize * 3, 20)
header.writeUInt32BE(0x00010000, 24)
header.writeUInt32BE(tableEntries, 28)
header.writeUInt32BE(blockSize, 32)
let checksum = computeChecksum(header)
header.writeUInt32BE(checksum, 36)
return header
}
export function createEmptyTable (dataSize, blockSize) {
const blockCount = Math.ceil(dataSize / blockSize)
const tableSizeSectors = Math.ceil(blockCount * 4 / sectorSize)
const buffer = new Buffer(tableSizeSectors * sectorSize)
buffer.fill(0xff)
return {entryCount: blockCount, buffer: buffer, entries: []}
}
export class ReadableRawVHDStream extends stream.Readable {
constructor (size, vmdkParser) {
super()
this.size = size
var geometry = computeGeometryForSize(size)
this.footer = createFooter(size, Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000), geometry, fixedHardDiskType)
this.position = 0
this.vmdkParser = vmdkParser
this.done = false
this.busy = false
this.currentFile = []
}
filePadding (paddingLength) {
if (paddingLength !== 0) {
const chunkSize = 1024 * 1024 // 1Mo
const chunkCount = Math.floor(paddingLength / chunkSize)
for (let i = 0; i < chunkCount; i++) {
this.currentFile.push(() => {
const paddingBuffer = new Buffer(chunkSize)
paddingBuffer.fill(0)
return paddingBuffer
})
}
this.currentFile.push(() => {
const paddingBuffer = new Buffer(paddingLength % chunkSize)
paddingBuffer.fill(0)
return paddingBuffer
})
}
}
async pushNextBlock () {
const next = await this.vmdkParser.next()
if (next === null) {
const paddingLength = this.size - this.position
this.filePadding(paddingLength)
this.currentFile.push(() => this.footer)
this.currentFile.push(() => {
this.done = true
return null
})
} else {
const offset = next.lbaBytes
const buffer = next.grain
const paddingLength = offset - this.position
if (paddingLength < 0) {
process.nextTick(() => this.emit('error', 'This VMDK file does not have its blocks in the correct order'))
}
this.filePadding(paddingLength)
this.currentFile.push(() => buffer)
this.position = offset + buffer.length
}
return this.pushFileUntilFull()
}
// returns true if the file is empty
pushFileUntilFull () {
while (true) {
if (this.currentFile.length === 0) {
break
}
const result = this.push(this.currentFile.shift()())
if (!result) {
break
}
}
return this.currentFile.length === 0
}
async pushNextUntilFull () {
while (!this.done && await this.pushNextBlock()) {
}
}
_read () {
if (this.busy || this.done) {
return
}
if (this.pushFileUntilFull()) {
this.busy = true
this.pushNextUntilFull().then(() => {
this.busy = false
}).catch((error) => {
process.nextTick(() => this.emit('error', error))
})
}
}
}
export async function convertFromVMDK (vmdkReadStream) {
const parser = new VMDKDirectParser(vmdkReadStream)
const header = await parser.readHeader()
return new ReadableRawVHDStream(header.capacitySectors * sectorSize, parser)
}

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'use strict'
import expect from 'must'
import {createWriteStream} from 'fs'
import {describe, it} from 'mocha'
import {exec} from 'child-process-promise'
import {readFile} from 'fs-promise'
import {
computeChecksum,
computeGeometryForSize,
createDynamicDiskHeader,
createFooter,
ReadableRawVHDStream,
VHDFile
} from './vhd-write'
describe('VHD writing', () => {
it('computeChecksum() is correct against some reference values', () => {
// those values were taken from a file generated by qemu
const testValue1 = '636F6E6563746978000000020001000000000000000002001F34DB9F71656D75000500035769326B0000000000019800000000000001980000030411000000030000000033B3A5E17F94433498376740246E5660'
const expectedChecksum1 = 0xFFFFEFB2
const testValue2 = '6378737061727365FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF0000000000000600000100000000000100200000'
const expectedChecksum2 = 0xFFFFF476
expect(computeChecksum(new Buffer(testValue1, 'hex'))).to.equal(expectedChecksum1)
expect(computeChecksum(new Buffer(testValue2, 'hex'))).to.equal(expectedChecksum2)
})
it('createFooter() does not crash', () => {
createFooter(104448, Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000), {cylinders: 3, heads: 4, sectorsPerTrack: 17})
})
it('createDynamicDiskHeader() does not crash', () => {
createDynamicDiskHeader(1, 0x00200000)
})
it('ReadableRawVHDStream does not crash', () => {
const data = [{
lbaBytes: 100,
grain: new Buffer('azerzaerazeraze', 'ascii')
}, {
lbaBytes: 700,
grain: new Buffer('gdfslkdfguer', 'ascii')
}]
let index = 0
const mockParser = {
next: () => {
if (index < data.length) {
const result = data[index]
index++
return result
} else {
return null
}
}
}
const stream = new ReadableRawVHDStream(100000, mockParser)
const pipe = stream.pipe(createWriteStream('outputStream'))
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
pipe.on('finish', resolve)
pipe.on('error', reject)
})
})
it('ReadableRawVHDStream detects when blocks are out of order', () => {
const data = [{
lbaBytes: 700,
grain: new Buffer('azerzaerazeraze', 'ascii')
}, {
lbaBytes: 100,
grain: new Buffer('gdfslkdfguer', 'ascii')
}]
let index = 0
const mockParser = {
next: () => {
if (index < data.length) {
const result = data[index]
index++
return result
} else {
return null
}
}
}
return expect(new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const stream = new ReadableRawVHDStream(100000, mockParser)
stream.on('error', reject)
const pipe = stream.pipe(createWriteStream('outputStream'))
pipe.on('finish', resolve)
pipe.on('error', reject)
})).to.reject.to.equal('This VMDK file does not have its blocks in the correct order')
})
it('writing a known file with VHDFile is successful', async () => {
const fileName = 'output.vhd'
const rawFilename = 'output.raw'
const randomFileName = 'random.raw'
const geometry = computeGeometryForSize(1024 * 1024 * 8)
const dataSize = geometry.actualSize
await exec('base64 /dev/urandom | head -c ' + dataSize + ' > ' + randomFileName)
const buffer = await readFile(randomFileName)
const f = new VHDFile(buffer.length, 523557791)
const splitPoint = Math.floor(Math.random() * buffer.length)
f.writeBuffer(buffer.slice(splitPoint), splitPoint)
f.writeBuffer(buffer.slice(0, splitPoint), 0)
f.writeBuffer(buffer.slice(splitPoint), splitPoint)
await f.writeFile(fileName)
await exec('qemu-img convert -fvpc -Oraw ' + fileName + ' ' + rawFilename)
const fileContent = await readFile(rawFilename)
expect(fileContent.length).to.equal(dataSize)
for (let i = 0; i < fileContent.length; i++) {
expect(fileContent[i]).to.equal(buffer[i])
}
})
})

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'use strict'
import {Slicer} from 'pipette'
const chunkSize = 1024 * 1024
export class VirtualBuffer {
constructor (readStream) {
this.slicer = new Slicer(readStream)
this.position = 0
this.promise = null
}
get isDepleted () {
return !this.slicer.readable
}
// length = -1 means 'until the end'
async readChunk (length, label) {
const _this = this
if (this.promise !== null) {
throw new Error('pomise already there !!!', this.promise)
}
if (length === -1) {
const chunks = []
let error = false
do {
const res = await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
this.slicer.read(chunkSize, (error, length, data, offset) => {
if (error !== false && error !== true) {
reject(error)
} else {
resolve({error, data})
}
})
})
error = res.error
chunks.push(res.data)
} while (error === false)
return Buffer.concat(chunks)
} else {
this.promise = label
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
this.slicer.read(length, (error, actualLength, data, offset) => {
if (error !== false && error !== true) {
_this.promise = null
reject(error)
} else {
_this.promise = null
_this.position += data.length
resolve(data)
}
})
})
}
}
}

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import expect from 'must'
import {createReadStream, readFile} from 'fs-promise'
import {describe, it} from 'mocha'
import {exec} from 'child-process-promise'
import {VirtualBuffer} from './virtual-buffer'
describe('Virtual Buffer', function () {
it('can read a file correctly', async () => {
let rawFileName = 'random-data'
await exec('base64 /dev/urandom | head -c 104448 > ' + rawFileName)
const buffer = new VirtualBuffer(createReadStream(rawFileName))
const part1 = await buffer.readChunk(10)
const part2 = await buffer.readChunk(-1)
const original = await readFile(rawFileName)
expect(buffer.isDepleted).to.be.true()
expect(Buffer.concat([part1, part2]).toString('ascii')).to.equal(original.toString('ascii'))
})
})

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'use strict'
import zlib from 'zlib'
import {VirtualBuffer} from './virtual-buffer'
const sectorSize = 512
const compressionDeflate = 'COMPRESSION_DEFLATE'
const compressionNone = 'COMPRESSION_NONE'
const compressionMap = [compressionNone, compressionDeflate]
function parseS64b (buffer, offset, valueName) {
const low = buffer.readInt32LE(offset)
const high = buffer.readInt32LE(offset + 4)
// here there might be a surprise because we are reading 64 integers into double floats (53 bits mantissa)
const value = low | high << 32
if ((value & (Math.pow(2, 32) - 1)) !== low) {
throw new Error('Unsupported VMDK, ' + valueName + ' is too big')
}
return value
}
function parseU64b (buffer, offset, valueName) {
const low = buffer.readUInt32LE(offset)
const high = buffer.readUInt32LE(offset + 4)
// here there might be a surprise because we are reading 64 integers into double floats (53 bits mantissa)
const value = low | high << 32
if ((value & (Math.pow(2, 32) - 1)) !== low) {
throw new Error('Unsupported VMDK, ' + valueName + ' is too big')
}
return value
}
function parseDescriptor (descriptorSlice) {
const descriptorText = descriptorSlice.toString('ascii').replace(/\x00+$/, '')
const descriptorDict = {}
const extentList = []
const lines = descriptorText.split(/\r?\n/).filter((line) => {
return line.trim().length > 0 && line[0] !== '#'
})
for (let line of lines) {
let defLine = line.split('=')
// the wonky quote test is to avoid having an equal sign in the name of an extent
if (defLine.length === 2 && defLine[0].indexOf('"') === -1) {
descriptorDict[defLine[0]] = defLine[1].replace(/['"]+/g, '')
} else {
const items = line.split(' ')
extentList.push({
access: items[0],
sizeSectors: items[1],
type: items[2],
name: items[3],
offset: items.length > 4 ? items[4] : 0
})
}
}
return {descriptor: descriptorDict, extents: extentList}
}
function parseFlags (flagBuffer) {
const number = flagBuffer.readUInt32LE(0)
return {
newLineTest: !!(number & (1 << 0)),
useSecondaryGrain: !!(number & (1 << 1)),
useZeroedGrainTable: !!(number & (1 << 2)),
compressedGrains: !!(number & (1 << 16)),
hasMarkers: !!(number & (1 << 17))
}
}
function parseHeader (buffer) {
const magicString = buffer.slice(0, 4).toString('ascii')
if (magicString !== 'KDMV') {
throw new Error('not a VMDK file')
}
const version = buffer.readUInt32LE(4)
if (version !== 1 && version !== 3) {
throw new Error('unsupported VMDK version ' + version + ', only version 1 and 3 are supported')
}
const flags = parseFlags(buffer.slice(8, 12))
const capacitySectors = parseU64b(buffer, 12, 'capacitySectors')
const grainSizeSectors = parseU64b(buffer, 20, 'grainSizeSectors')
const descriptorOffsetSectors = parseU64b(buffer, 28, 'descriptorOffsetSectors')
const descriptorSizeSectors = parseU64b(buffer, 36, 'descriptorSizeSectors')
const numGTEsPerGT = buffer.readUInt32LE(44)
const rGrainDirectoryOffsetSectors = parseS64b(buffer, 48, 'rGrainDirectoryOffsetSectors')
const grainDirectoryOffsetSectors = parseS64b(buffer, 56, 'grainDirectoryOffsetSectors')
const overheadSectors = parseS64b(buffer, 64, 'overheadSectors')
const compressionMethod = compressionMap[buffer.readUInt16LE(77)]
const l1EntrySectors = numGTEsPerGT * grainSizeSectors
return {
flags,
compressionMethod,
grainSizeSectors,
overheadSectors,
capacitySectors,
descriptorOffsetSectors,
descriptorSizeSectors,
grainDirectoryOffsetSectors,
rGrainDirectoryOffsetSectors,
l1EntrySectors,
numGTEsPerGT
}
}
async function readGrain (offsetSectors, buffer, compressed) {
const offset = offsetSectors * sectorSize
const size = buffer.readUInt32LE(offset + 8)
const grainBuffer = buffer.slice(offset + 12, offset + 12 + size)
const grainContent = compressed ? await zlib.inflateSync(grainBuffer) : grainBuffer
const lba = parseU64b(buffer, offset, 'l2Lba')
return {
offsetSectors: offsetSectors,
offset,
lba,
lbaBytes: lba * sectorSize,
size,
buffer: grainBuffer,
grain: grainContent,
grainSize: grainContent.byteLength
}
}
function tryToParseMarker (buffer) {
const value = buffer.readUInt32LE(0)
const size = buffer.readUInt32LE(8)
const type = buffer.readUInt32LE(12)
return {value, size, type}
}
function alignSectors (number) {
return Math.ceil(number / sectorSize) * sectorSize
}
export class VMDKDirectParser {
constructor (readStream) {
this.virtualBuffer = new VirtualBuffer(readStream)
this.header = null
}
// I found a VMDK file whose L1 and L2 table did not have a marker, but they were at the top
// I detect this case and eat those tables first then let the normal loop go over the grains.
async _readL1 () {
const position = this.virtualBuffer.position
const l1entries = Math.floor((this.header.capacitySectors + this.header.l1EntrySectors - 1) / this.header.l1EntrySectors)
const sectorAlignedL1Bytes = alignSectors(l1entries * 4)
const l1Buffer = await this.virtualBuffer.readChunk(sectorAlignedL1Bytes, 'L1 table ' + position)
let l2Start = 0
let l2IsContiguous = true
for (let i = 0; i < l1entries; i++) {
const l1Entry = l1Buffer.readUInt32LE(i * 4)
if (i > 0) {
const previousL1Entry = l1Buffer.readUInt32LE((i - 1) * 4)
l2IsContiguous = l2IsContiguous && ((l1Entry - previousL1Entry) === 4)
} else {
l2IsContiguous = (l1Entry * sectorSize === this.virtualBuffer.position) || (l1Entry * sectorSize === this.virtualBuffer.position + 512)
l2Start = l1Entry * sectorSize
}
}
if (!l2IsContiguous) {
return null
}
const l1L2FreeSpace = l2Start - this.virtualBuffer.position
if (l1L2FreeSpace > 0) {
await this.virtualBuffer.readChunk(l1L2FreeSpace, 'freeSpace between L1 and L2')
}
const l2entries = Math.ceil(this.header.capacitySectors / this.header.grainSizeSectors)
const l2ByteSize = alignSectors(l1entries * this.header.numGTEsPerGT * 4)
const l2Buffer = await this.virtualBuffer.readChunk(l2ByteSize, 'L2 table ' + position)
let grainsAreInAscendingOrder = true
let previousL2Entry = 0
let firstGrain = null
for (let i = 0; i < l2entries; i++) {
const l2Entry = l2Buffer.readUInt32LE(i * 4)
if (i > 0 && previousL2Entry !== 0 && l2Entry !== 0) {
grainsAreInAscendingOrder = grainsAreInAscendingOrder && (previousL2Entry < l2Entry)
}
previousL2Entry = l2Entry
if (firstGrain === null) {
firstGrain = l2Entry
}
}
if (!grainsAreInAscendingOrder) {
// TODO: here we could transform the file to a sparse VHD on the fly because we have the complete table
throw new Error('Unsupported file format')
}
const freeSpace = firstGrain * sectorSize - this.virtualBuffer.position
if (freeSpace > 0) {
await this.virtualBuffer.readChunk(freeSpace, 'freeSpace after L2')
}
}
async readHeader () {
const headerBuffer = await this.virtualBuffer.readChunk(512, 'readHeader')
const magicString = headerBuffer.slice(0, 4).toString('ascii')
if (magicString !== 'KDMV') {
throw new Error('not a VMDK file')
}
const version = headerBuffer.readUInt32LE(4)
if (version !== 1 && version !== 3) {
throw new Error('unsupported VMDK version ' + version + ', only version 1 and 3 are supported')
}
this.header = parseHeader(headerBuffer)
// I think the multiplications are OK, because the descriptor is always at the beginning of the file
const descriptorLength = this.header.descriptorSizeSectors * sectorSize
const descriptorBuffer = await this.virtualBuffer.readChunk(descriptorLength, 'descriptor')
this.descriptor = parseDescriptor(descriptorBuffer)
let l1PositionBytes = null
if (this.header.grainDirectoryOffsetSectors !== -1 && this.header.grainDirectoryOffsetSectors !== 0) {
l1PositionBytes = this.header.grainDirectoryOffsetSectors * sectorSize
}
const endOfDescriptor = this.virtualBuffer.position
if (l1PositionBytes !== null && (l1PositionBytes === endOfDescriptor || l1PositionBytes === endOfDescriptor + sectorSize)) {
if (l1PositionBytes === endOfDescriptor + sectorSize) {
await this.virtualBuffer.readChunk(sectorSize, 'skipping L1 marker')
}
await this._readL1()
}
return this.header
}
async next () {
while (!this.virtualBuffer.isDepleted) {
const position = this.virtualBuffer.position
const sector = await this.virtualBuffer.readChunk(512, 'marker start ' + position)
if (sector.length === 0) {
break
}
const marker = tryToParseMarker(sector)
if (marker.size === 0) {
if (marker.value !== 0) {
await this.virtualBuffer.readChunk(marker.value * sectorSize, 'other marker value ' + this.virtualBuffer.position)
}
} else if (marker.size > 10) {
const grainDiskSize = marker.size + 12
const alignedGrainDiskSize = alignSectors(grainDiskSize)
const remainOfBufferSize = alignedGrainDiskSize - sectorSize
const remainderOfGrainBuffer = await this.virtualBuffer.readChunk(remainOfBufferSize, 'grain remainder ' + this.virtualBuffer.position)
const grainBuffer = Buffer.concat([sector, remainderOfGrainBuffer])
return readGrain(0, grainBuffer, this.header.compressionMethod === compressionDeflate && this.header.flags.compressedGrains)
}
}
return new Promise((resolve) => resolve(null))
}
}
export async function readRawContent (readStream) {
const virtualBuffer = new VirtualBuffer(readStream)
const headerBuffer = await virtualBuffer.readChunk(512, 'header')
let header = parseHeader(headerBuffer)
// I think the multiplications are OK, because the descriptor is always at the beginning of the file
const descriptorLength = header.descriptorSizeSectors * sectorSize
const descriptorBuffer = await virtualBuffer.readChunk(descriptorLength, 'descriptor')
const descriptor = parseDescriptor(descriptorBuffer)
// TODO: we concat them back for now so that the indices match, we'll have to introduce a bias later
const remainingBuffer = await virtualBuffer.readChunk(-1, 'remainder')
const buffer = Buffer.concat([headerBuffer, descriptorBuffer, remainingBuffer])
if (header.grainDirectoryOffsetSectors === -1) {
header = parseHeader(buffer.slice(-1024, -1024 + sectorSize))
}
const rawOutputBuffer = new Buffer(header.capacitySectors * sectorSize)
rawOutputBuffer.fill(0)
const l1Size = Math.floor((header.capacitySectors + header.l1EntrySectors - 1) / header.l1EntrySectors)
const l2Size = header.numGTEsPerGT
const l1 = []
for (let i = 0; i < l1Size; i++) {
const l1Entry = buffer.readUInt32LE(header.grainDirectoryOffsetSectors * sectorSize + 4 * i)
if (l1Entry !== 0) {
l1.push(l1Entry)
const l2 = []
for (let j = 0; j < l2Size; j++) {
const l2Entry = buffer.readUInt32LE(l1Entry * sectorSize + 4 * j)
if (l2Entry !== 0 && l2Entry !== 1) {
const grain = await readGrain(l2Entry, buffer, header['flags']['compressedGrains'])
grain.grain.copy(rawOutputBuffer, grain.lba * sectorSize)
l2[j] = grain
}
}
}
}
const vmdkType = descriptor['descriptor']['createType']
if (!vmdkType || vmdkType.toLowerCase() !== 'streamOptimized'.toLowerCase()) {
throw new Error('unsupported VMDK type "' + vmdkType + '", only streamOptimized is supported')
}
return {descriptor: descriptor.descriptor, extents: descriptor.extents, rawFile: rawOutputBuffer}
}

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import expect from 'must'
import {createReadStream} from 'fs-promise'
import {describe, it} from 'mocha'
import {exec} from 'child-process-promise'
import {VMDKDirectParser} from './vmdk-read'
describe('VMDK reading', () => {
it('VMDKDirectParser reads OK', async () => {
let rawFileName = 'random-data'
let fileName = 'random-data.vmdk'
await exec('base64 /dev/urandom | head -c 104448 > ' + rawFileName)
await exec('rm -f ' + fileName + '&& VBoxManage convertfromraw --format VMDK --variant Stream ' + rawFileName + ' ' + fileName)
const parser = new VMDKDirectParser(createReadStream(fileName))
const header = await parser.readHeader()
const harvested = []
while (true) {
const res = await parser.next()
if (res === null) {
break
}
harvested.push(res)
}
expect(harvested.length).to.equal(2)
expect(harvested[0].lba).to.equal(0)
expect(harvested[1].lba).to.equal(header['grainSizeSectors'])
}).timeout(10000)
})

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'use strict'
import {describe, it} from 'mocha'
import {exec} from 'child-process-promise'
import {createReadStream, createWriteStream} from 'fs-promise'
import {readRawContent} from './vmdk-read'
import {VHDFile, convertFromVMDK, computeGeometryForSize} from './vhd-write'
describe('VMDK to VHD conversion', () => {
it('can convert a random data file with readRawContent()', async () => {
let inputRawFileName = 'random-data.raw'
let vmdkFileName = 'random-data.vmdk'
let vhdFileName = 'from-vmdk-readRawContent.vhd'
let reconvertedRawFilemane = 'from-vhd.raw'
let dataSize = 5222400
await exec('rm -f ' + [inputRawFileName, vmdkFileName, vhdFileName, reconvertedRawFilemane].join(' '))
await exec('base64 /dev/urandom | head -c ' + dataSize + ' > ' + inputRawFileName)
await exec('VBoxManage convertfromraw --format VMDK --variant Stream ' + inputRawFileName + ' ' + vmdkFileName)
const rawContent = (await readRawContent(createReadStream(vmdkFileName))).rawFile
const f = new VHDFile(rawContent.length, 523557791)
await f.writeBuffer(rawContent)
await f.writeFile(vhdFileName)
await exec('qemu-img convert -fvpc -Oraw ' + vhdFileName + ' ' + reconvertedRawFilemane)
return exec('qemu-img compare ' + vmdkFileName + ' ' + vhdFileName)
.catch((error) => {
console.error(error.stdout)
console.error(error.stderr)
console.error(vhdFileName, vmdkFileName, error.message)
throw error
})
})
it('can convert a random data file with VMDKDirectParser', async () => {
let inputRawFileName = 'random-data.raw'
let vmdkFileName = 'random-data.vmdk'
let vhdFileName = 'from-vmdk-VMDKDirectParser.vhd'
let reconvertedRawFilemane = 'from-vhd.raw'
let reconvertedByVBoxRawFilemane = 'from-vhd-by-vbox.raw'
let dataSize = computeGeometryForSize(8 * 1024 * 1024).actualSize
await exec('rm -f ' + [inputRawFileName, vmdkFileName, vhdFileName, reconvertedRawFilemane, reconvertedByVBoxRawFilemane].join(' '))
await exec('base64 /dev/urandom | head -c ' + dataSize + ' > ' + inputRawFileName)
await exec('VBoxManage convertfromraw --format VMDK --variant Stream ' + inputRawFileName + ' ' + vmdkFileName)
const pipe = (await convertFromVMDK(createReadStream(vmdkFileName))).pipe(createWriteStream(vhdFileName))
await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
pipe.on('finish', resolve)
pipe.on('error', reject)
})
await exec('qemu-img convert -fvmdk -Oraw ' + vmdkFileName + ' ' + reconvertedByVBoxRawFilemane)
await exec('qemu-img convert -fvpc -Oraw ' + vhdFileName + ' ' + reconvertedRawFilemane)
return exec('qemu-img compare ' + reconvertedByVBoxRawFilemane + ' ' + reconvertedRawFilemane)
.catch((error) => {
console.error(error.stdout)
console.error(error.stderr)
console.error(vhdFileName, vmdkFileName, error.message)
throw error
})
})
})