Files
ResInsight/calculated-data/derivedresultsgeomech/index.html
2025-02-14 14:03:39 +01:00

618 lines
38 KiB
HTML
Raw Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters

This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-us" dir="ltr" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article" data-r-output-format="html">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="height=device-height, width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">
<meta name="generator" content="Hugo 0.142.0">
<meta name="generator" content="Relearn 7.3.2+7b470298046df2c96c0da9da07a54572b7c4e1b0">
<meta name="description" content="ResInsight computes several derived results. In this section we will explain what they are, and briefly how they are calculated.
Derived Geomechanical results ResInsight calculates several of the presented geomechanical results based on the native results present in the odb-files.
Relative Results (Time Lapse Results) ResInsight can calculate and display relative results, sometimes also referred to as Time Lapse results. When enabled, every result variable is calculated as:
$Value_{[t-b]} = Value_{[t]} - Value_{[b]}$">
<meta name="author" content="">
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Derived Results - Geomechanical :: ResInsight">
<meta name="twitter:description" content="ResInsight computes several derived results. In this section we will explain what they are, and briefly how they are calculated.
Derived Geomechanical results ResInsight calculates several of the presented geomechanical results based on the native results present in the odb-files.
Relative Results (Time Lapse Results) ResInsight can calculate and display relative results, sometimes also referred to as Time Lapse results. When enabled, every result variable is calculated as:
$Value_{[t-b]} = Value_{[t]} - Value_{[b]}$">
<meta property="og:url" content="https://resinsight.org/calculated-data/derivedresultsgeomech/index.html">
<meta property="og:site_name" content="ResInsight">
<meta property="og:title" content="Derived Results - Geomechanical :: ResInsight">
<meta property="og:description" content="ResInsight computes several derived results. In this section we will explain what they are, and briefly how they are calculated.
Derived Geomechanical results ResInsight calculates several of the presented geomechanical results based on the native results present in the odb-files.
Relative Results (Time Lapse Results) ResInsight can calculate and display relative results, sometimes also referred to as Time Lapse results. When enabled, every result variable is calculated as:
$Value_{[t-b]} = Value_{[t]} - Value_{[b]}$">
<meta property="og:locale" content="en_us">
<meta property="og:type" content="article">
<meta property="article:section" content="Calculated Data">
<meta itemprop="name" content="Derived Results - Geomechanical :: ResInsight">
<meta itemprop="description" content="ResInsight computes several derived results. In this section we will explain what they are, and briefly how they are calculated.
Derived Geomechanical results ResInsight calculates several of the presented geomechanical results based on the native results present in the odb-files.
Relative Results (Time Lapse Results) ResInsight can calculate and display relative results, sometimes also referred to as Time Lapse results. When enabled, every result variable is calculated as:
$Value_{[t-b]} = Value_{[t]} - Value_{[b]}$">
<meta itemprop="wordCount" content="1802">
<title>Derived Results - Geomechanical :: ResInsight</title>
<link href="/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1739538141" rel="stylesheet" media="print" onload="this.media='all';this.onload=null;"><noscript><link href="/css/fontawesome-all.min.css?1739538141" rel="stylesheet"></noscript>
<link href="/css/auto-complete.css?1739538141" rel="stylesheet" media="print" onload="this.media='all';this.onload=null;"><noscript><link href="/css/auto-complete.css?1739538141" rel="stylesheet"></noscript>
<link href="/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1739538141" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="/css/theme.min.css?1739538141" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="/css/format-html.min.css?1739538141" rel="stylesheet" id="R-format-style">
<script>
window.relearn = window.relearn || {};
window.relearn.relBasePath='..\/..';
window.relearn.relBaseUri='..\/..';
window.relearn.absBaseUri='https:\/\/resinsight.org';
window.relearn.min = `.min`;
window.relearn.disableAnchorCopy=false;
window.relearn.disableAnchorScrolling=false;
// variant stuff
window.relearn.themevariants = [ 'relearn' ];
window.relearn.customvariantname = "my-custom-variant";
window.relearn.changeVariant = function(variant) {
var oldVariant = document.documentElement.dataset.rThemeVariant;
window.localStorage.setItem(window.relearn.absBaseUri + "/variant", variant);
document.documentElement.dataset.rThemeVariant = variant;
if (oldVariant != variant) {
document.dispatchEvent( new CustomEvent('themeVariantLoaded', { detail: { variant, oldVariant } }) );
}
}
window.relearn.markVariant = function() {
var variant = window.localStorage.getItem(window.relearn.absBaseUri + "/variant");
var select = document.querySelector("#R-select-variant");
if (select) {
select.value = variant;
}
}
window.relearn.initVariant = function() {
var variant = window.localStorage.getItem(window.relearn.absBaseUri + "/variant") ?? "";
if( variant == window.relearn.customvariantname ){
}else if( !variant || !window.relearn.themevariants.includes(variant) ){
variant = window.relearn.themevariants[0];
window.localStorage.setItem(window.relearn.absBaseUri + "/variant", variant);
}
document.documentElement.dataset.rThemeVariant = variant;
}
window.relearn.initVariant();
window.relearn.markVariant();
// translations
window.T_Copy_to_clipboard = `Copy to clipboard`;
window.T_Copied_to_clipboard = `Copied to clipboard!`;
window.T_Copy_link_to_clipboard = `Copy link to clipboard`;
window.T_Link_copied_to_clipboard = `Copied link to clipboard!`;
window.T_Reset_view = `Reset view`;
window.T_View_reset = `View reset!`;
window.T_No_results_found = `No results found for "{0}"`;
window.T_N_results_found = `{1} results found for "{0}"`;
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" async
src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.6/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML">
MathJax.Hub.Config({
tex2jax: {
inlineMath: [['$','$'], ['\\(','\\)']],
displayMath: [['$$','$$'], ['\\[','\\]']],
processEscapes: true,
processEnvironments: true,
skipTags: ['script', 'noscript', 'style', 'textarea', 'pre'],
TeX: { equationNumbers: { autoNumber: "AMS" },
extensions: ["AMSmath.js", "AMSsymbols.js"] }
},
menuSettings: { renderer: "CommonHTML" }
});
MathJax.Hub.Queue(function() {
var all = MathJax.Hub.getAllJax();
while(jax = all.pop()) {
jax.SourceElement().parentNode.className += ' has-jax';
}
});
MathJax.Hub.Config({
TeX: { equationNumbers: { autoNumber: "AMS" } }
});
</script>
</head>
<body class="mobile-support html" data-url="/calculated-data/derivedresultsgeomech/index.html">
<div id="R-body" class="default-animation">
<div id="R-body-overlay"></div>
<nav id="R-topbar">
<div class="topbar-wrapper">
<div class="topbar-sidebar-divider"></div>
<div class="topbar-area topbar-area-start" data-area="start">
<div class="topbar-button topbar-button-sidebar" data-content-empty="disable" data-width-s="show" data-width-m="hide" data-width-l="hide"><button class="topbar-control" onclick="toggleNav()" type="button" title="Menu (CTRL&#43;ALT&#43;n)"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-bars"></i></button>
</div>
<div class="topbar-button topbar-button-toc" data-content-empty="hide" data-width-s="show" data-width-m="show" data-width-l="show"><button class="topbar-control" onclick="toggleTopbarFlyout(this)" type="button" title="Table of Contents (CTRL&#43;ALT&#43;t)"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-list-alt"></i></button>
<div class="topbar-content">
<div class="topbar-content-wrapper">
<nav class="TableOfContents">
<ul>
<li>
<ul>
<li><a href="#derived-geomechanical-results">Derived Geomechanical results</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#relative-results-time-lapse-results">Relative Results (Time Lapse Results)</a></li>
<li><a href="#derived-result-fields">Derived Result Fields</a></li>
<li><a href="#definitions-of-derived-results">Definitions of Derived Results</a></li>
<li><a href="#case-constants">Case Constants</a></li>
<li><a href="#compaction">COMPACTION</a></li>
<li><a href="#st---total-stress">ST - Total Stress</a></li>
<li><a href="#stm---total-mean-stress">STM - Total Mean Stress</a></li>
<li><a href="#q---deviatoric-stress">Q - Deviatoric Stress</a></li>
<li><a href="#dpn---shear-slip-indicator">DPN - Shear Slip Indicator</a></li>
<li><a href="#gamma---stress-path">Gamma - Stress Path</a></li>
<li><a href="#se---effective-stress">SE - Effective Stress</a></li>
<li><a href="#sem---effective-mean-stress">SEM - Effective Mean Stress</a></li>
<li><a href="#sa---stress-anisotropy">SA - Stress Anisotropy</a></li>
<li><a href="#sfi">SFI</a></li>
<li><a href="#dsm">DSM</a></li>
<li><a href="#fos">FOS</a></li>
<li><a href="#e---strain">E - Strain</a></li>
<li><a href="#ev---volumetric-strain">EV - Volumetric Strain</a></li>
<li><a href="#ed---deviatoric-strain">ED - Deviatoric Strain</a></li>
<li><a href="#element-nodal-on-face">Element Nodal On Face</a></li>
<li><a href="#sn---stress-component-normal-to-face">SN - Stress component Normal to face</a></li>
<li><a href="#tph---horizontal-in-plane-shear-component">TPH - Horizontal in-plane shear component</a></li>
<li><a href="#tnqv---horizontal-in-plane-shear-component">TNQV - Horizontal in-plane shear component</a></li>
<li><a href="#tp---total-in-plane-shear">TP - Total in-plane shear</a></li>
<li><a href="#tpinc---direction-of-tp">TPinc - Direction of TP</a></li>
<li><a href="#faultmob">FAULTMOB</a></li>
<li><a href="#pcrit">PCRIT</a></li>
<li><a href="#pinc-and-pazi---face-inclination-and-azimuth">Pinc and Pazi - Face Inclination and Azimuth</a></li>
<li><a href="#pore-compressibility">Pore Compressibility</a></li>
<li><a href="#porosity-and-permeability">Porosity and Permeability</a></li>
<li><a href="#mud-weight-window">Mud Weight Window</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<ol class="topbar-breadcrumbs breadcrumbs highlightable" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"><li
itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" itemprop="itemListElement"><a itemprop="item" href="/index.html"><span itemprop="name">ResInsight</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1">&nbsp;>&nbsp;</li><li
itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" itemprop="itemListElement"><a itemprop="item" href="/calculated-data/index.html"><span itemprop="name">Calculated Data</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="2">&nbsp;>&nbsp;</li><li
itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" itemprop="itemListElement"><span itemprop="name">Derived Results - Geomechanical</span><meta itemprop="position" content="3"></li>
</ol>
<div class="topbar-area topbar-area-end" data-area="end">
<div class="topbar-button topbar-button-prev" data-content-empty="disable" data-width-s="show" data-width-m="show" data-width-l="show"><a class="topbar-control" href="/calculated-data/faultdistance/index.html" title="Fault Distance (🡐)"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-chevron-left"></i></a>
</div>
<div class="topbar-button topbar-button-next" data-content-empty="disable" data-width-s="show" data-width-m="show" data-width-l="show"><a class="topbar-control" href="/calculated-data/casegroupsandstatistics/index.html" title="Grid Case Groups and Statistics (🡒)"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-chevron-right"></i></a>
</div>
<div class="topbar-button topbar-button-more" data-content-empty="hide" data-width-s="show" data-width-m="show" data-width-l="show"><button class="topbar-control" onclick="toggleTopbarFlyout(this)" type="button" title="More"><i class="fa-fw fas fa-ellipsis-v"></i></button>
<div class="topbar-content">
<div class="topbar-content-wrapper">
<div class="topbar-area topbar-area-more" data-area="more">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<div id="R-main-overlay"></div>
<main id="R-body-inner" class="highlightable calculated-data" tabindex="-1">
<div class="flex-block-wrapper">
<article class="default">
<header class="headline">
</header>
<h1 id="derived-results---geomechanical">Derived Results - Geomechanical</h1>
<p>ResInsight computes several derived results. In this section we will explain what they are, and briefly how they are calculated.</p>
<h2 id="derived-geomechanical-results">Derived Geomechanical results</h2>
<p>ResInsight calculates several of the presented geomechanical results based on the native results present in the odb-files.</p>
<h3 id="relative-results-time-lapse-results">Relative Results (Time Lapse Results)</h3>
<p>ResInsight can calculate and display relative results, sometimes also referred to as Time Lapse results.
When enabled, every result variable is calculated as:</p>
<p>$Value_{[t-b]} = Value_{[t]} - Value_{[b]}$</p>
<p>where:</p>
<ul>
<li>$b$ is the base time step,</li>
<li>$t$ is the current time step</li>
</ul>
<p>Select the appropriate <strong>Base Time Step</strong> option in the <strong>Difference Options</strong> group to enable the time lapse result.</p>
<p><a href="#R-image-82020922b5b5753205f0643d364ee359" class="lightbox-link"><img class="noborder lazy lightbox noshadow figure-image" loading="lazy" src="/images/appendix/DerivedRelativeResults.png" style=" height: auto; width: auto;"></a>
<a href="javascript:history.back();" class="lightbox-back" id="R-image-82020922b5b5753205f0643d364ee359"><img class="noborder lazy lightbox noshadow lightbox-image" loading="lazy" src="/images/appendix/DerivedRelativeResults.png"></a></p>
<p>Note: Relative Results calculated based on Gamma values and Stress Anisotropy are calculated slightly differently:</p>
<p>Gamma:</p>
<p>$Gamma_{i[t-b]} = \frac{ST_{i[t]} - ST_{i[b]}}{ POR_{[t]} - POR_{[b]} }$</p>
<p>Stress Anisotropy:</p>
<p>$SA_{ij[t-b]} = 2 * \frac{(ST_{i[t]} - ST_{i[b]}) - (ST_{j[t]} - ST_{j[b]})}{(ST_{i[t]} - ST_{i[b]}) + (ST_{j[t]} - ST_{j[b]})}$</p>
<h3 id="derived-result-fields">Derived Result Fields</h3>
<p>The calculated result fields are:</p>
<ul>
<li>Nodal
<ul>
<li>COMPACTION (Magnitude of compression)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Element Nodal and Integration Points
<ul>
<li>ST (Total Stress)
<ul>
<li>All tensor components</li>
<li>Principals, with directions ($S_iinc, S_iazi$)</li>
<li>STM (Mean total stress)</li>
<li>Q (Deviatoric stress)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Gamma (Stress path)</li>
<li>SE (Effective Stress)
<ul>
<li>All tensor components</li>
<li>Principals, with directions</li>
<li>SEM (Mean effective stress)</li>
<li>SFI</li>
<li>FOS</li>
<li>DSM</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>E (Strain)
<ul>
<li>All tensor components</li>
<li>EV (Volumetric strain)</li>
<li>ED (Deviatoric strain)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Element Nodal On Face
<ul>
<li>Plane
<ul>
<li>Pinc (Face inclination angle)</li>
<li>Pazi (Face azimuth angle)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Transformed Total and Effective Stress
<ul>
<li>SN (Stress component normal to face)</li>
<li>TP (Total in-plane shear)</li>
<li>TPinc (Direction of TP)</li>
<li>TPH ( Horizontal in-plane shear component )</li>
<li>TPQV ( Quasi vertical in-plane shear component )</li>
<li>FAULTMOB</li>
<li>PCRIT</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="definitions-of-derived-results">Definitions of Derived Results</h3>
<p>In this text the label Sa and Ea will be used to denote the unchanged stress and strain tensor respectively from the odb file.</p>
<p>Components with one subscript denotes the principal values 1, 2, and 3 which refers to the maximum, middle, and minimum principals respectively.</p>
<p>Components with two subscripts however, refers to the global directions 1, 2, and 3 which corresponds to X, Y, and Z and thus also easting, northing, and depth.</p>
<ul>
<li>Inclination is measured from the downwards direction</li>
<li>Azimuth is measured from the Northing (Y) Axis in Clockwise direction looking down.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="case-constants">Case Constants</h3>
<p>Two constants can be assigned to a Geomechanical case:</p>
<ul>
<li>Cohesion</li>
<li>Friction angle</li>
</ul>
<p>In the following they are denoted s0 and fa respectively. Some of the derived results use these constants, that can be changed in the property panel of the Case.</p>
<p><a href="#R-image-7164bbfee99773ae9b527160ae1cbec5" class="lightbox-link"><img class="noborder lazy lightbox noshadow figure-image" loading="lazy" src="/images/appendix/GeoMechCasePropertyPanel.png" style=" height: auto; width: auto;"></a>
<a href="javascript:history.back();" class="lightbox-back" id="R-image-7164bbfee99773ae9b527160ae1cbec5"><img class="noborder lazy lightbox noshadow lightbox-image" loading="lazy" src="/images/appendix/GeoMechCasePropertyPanel.png"></a></p>
<h3 id="compaction">COMPACTION</h3>
<p>Compaction is the difference in vertical displacement (U3) between a grid node and a specified reference K layer.
The reference K layer is specified in the property editor.</p>
<p>For each node <i>n</i> in the grid, a node <i>nref</i> in the reference K layer is found by vertical intersection from the node <i>n</i>.</p>
<p>$ If (Depth_n &lt;= Depth_{nref}) $</p>
<p>$ \space \space COMPACTION_n = -(U3_n - U3_{nref})$</p>
<p>$ else $</p>
<p>$\space \space COMPACTION_n = -(U3_{nref} - U3_n )$</p>
<h3 id="st---total-stress">ST - Total Stress</h3>
<p>$ST_{ii} = -Sa_{ii} + POR (i= 1,2,3)$</p>
<p>We use a value of $POR=0.0$ where it is not defined.</p>
<p>$ST_{ij} = -Sa_{ij} (i,j = 1,2,3 \text{ and i $\ne$ j})$</p>
<p>$Sa_{ii}$ and $Sa_{ij}$ are the stresses calculated by Abaqus.</p>
<p>$ST_i = \text{Principal value i of ST}$</p>
<h3 id="stm---total-mean-stress">STM - Total Mean Stress</h3>
<p>$STM = \frac{ST_{11} + ST_{22} + ST_{33}}{3} $</p>
<h3 id="q---deviatoric-stress">Q - Deviatoric Stress</h3>
<p>$Q = \sqrt {\frac{3}{2} * ((ST_1 - STM)^2 + (ST_2 - STM)^2 + (ST_3 - STM)^2 }$</p>
<h3 id="dpn---shear-slip-indicator">DPN - Shear Slip Indicator</h3>
<p>Excess pore pressure parameter is defined as</p>
<p>$DPN = \frac{P_p - P_0} { \sigma_v - P_0 }$</p>
<p>Where:</p>
<ul>
<li>$P_0$ is hydrostatic pore pressure,</li>
<li>$P_p$ is pore pressure (at the time of the incident) and</li>
<li>$\sigma_v$ total vertical stress ($ ST_{33} $).</li>
</ul>
<p>Hydrostatic pore pressure is</p>
<p>$ P_0 = \rho_w * TVDMSL * g $</p>
<p>Where:</p>
<ul>
<li>$\rho_w$ is (average) density of formation water (default = 1.03),</li>
<li>TVDMSL is true vertical depth mean sea level and</li>
<li>$g$ is gravity.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="gamma---stress-path">Gamma - Stress Path</h3>
<p>$Gamma_{ii} = \frac{ST_{ii}} {POR} (i= 1,2,3) $</p>
<p>$Gamma_{i} = \frac{ST_{i}} {POR} $</p>
<p>In these calculations we set Gamma to <em>undefined</em> if abs(POR) &gt; 0.01 MPa.</p>
<h3 id="se---effective-stress">SE - Effective Stress</h3>
<p>$SE_{ij} = -Sa_{ij} (i,j = 1,2,3 \text{ where POR is defined})$</p>
<p>where $Sa_{ij}$ is the stress calculated by Abaqus.</p>
<p>$SE_i = \text{Principal value i of SE} $</p>
<h3 id="sem---effective-mean-stress">SEM - Effective Mean Stress</h3>
<p>$SEM = \frac{SE_{11} + SE_{22} + SE_{33}} {3} $</p>
<h3 id="sa---stress-anisotropy">SA - Stress Anisotropy</h3>
<p>$SA_{ij} = 2 \frac{ST_{i} - ST_{j}}{ ST_{i} + ST_{j}} (i,j = 1,2,3 \text{ and i $\lt$ j})$</p>
<p>The same expressions are available for effective stresses (where SE replaces ST in the equation above).</p>
<h3 id="sfi">SFI</h3>
<p>$$SFI = \frac{\frac{S0}{tan(fa)} + 0.5 * (SE_1 + SE_3) * sin(fa)} {0.5*(SE_1-SE_3)} $$</p>
<h3 id="dsm">DSM</h3>
<p>$DSM = \frac{tan(\rho)} {tan(fa)} $</p>
<p>where</p>
<p>$$ \rho = 2 * (arctan (\sqrt \frac{ SE_1 + a} {SE_3 + a}) \space \frac {\pi} {4}) $$
$$ a = \frac {s0} {tan(fa)} $$</p>
<h3 id="fos">FOS</h3>
<p>$FOS = \frac{1}{DSM}$</p>
<h3 id="e---strain">E - Strain</h3>
<p>$E_{ij} = -Ea_{ij}$</p>
<h3 id="ev---volumetric-strain">EV - Volumetric Strain</h3>
<p>$EV = E_{11} + E_{22} + E_{33} $</p>
<h3 id="ed---deviatoric-strain">ED - Deviatoric Strain</h3>
<p>$ED = 2*\frac {E1-E3} {3} $</p>
<h3 id="element-nodal-on-face">Element Nodal On Face</h3>
<p>For each face displayed, (might be an element face or an intersection/intersection box face),
a coordinate system is established such that:</p>
<ul>
<li>Ez is normal to the face, named N - Normal</li>
<li>Ex is horizontal and in the plane of the face, named H - Horizontal</li>
<li>Ey is in the plane pointing upwards, named QV - Quasi Vertical</li>
</ul>
<p>The stress tensors in that particular face are then transformed to that coordinate system. The following quantities are derived from the transformed tensor named TS in the following:</p>
<h3 id="sn---stress-component-normal-to-face">SN - Stress component Normal to face</h3>
<p>$SN = TS_{33}$</p>
<h3 id="tph---horizontal-in-plane-shear-component">TPH - Horizontal in-plane shear component</h3>
<p>$TPH = TS_{31} = TS_{ZX} $</p>
<h3 id="tnqv---horizontal-in-plane-shear-component">TNQV - Horizontal in-plane shear component</h3>
<p>$TPQV = TS_{32} = TS_{ZY}$</p>
<h3 id="tp---total-in-plane-shear">TP - Total in-plane shear</h3>
<p>$TP = \sqrt {(TPH^2 + TPQV^2)} $</p>
<h3 id="tpinc---direction-of-tp">TPinc - Direction of TP</h3>
<p>Angle of the total in-plane shear relative to the Quasi Vertical direction</p>
<p>$TPinc = acos (\frac {TPQV} {TP}) $</p>
<h3 id="faultmob">FAULTMOB</h3>
<p>$FAULTMOB = \frac{TP}{tan(frictionAngle) * (TS_{ZZ} + \frac{cohesion}{tan(frictionAngle)} )}$</p>
<h3 id="pcrit">PCRIT</h3>
<p>$PCRIT = TS_{ZZ} - \frac{TP}{tan(frictionAngle)} $</p>
<h3 id="pinc-and-pazi---face-inclination-and-azimuth">Pinc and Pazi - Face Inclination and Azimuth</h3>
<p>These are the directional angles of the face-normal itself.</p>
<h3 id="pore-compressibility">Pore Compressibility</h3>
<h4 id="pore-compressibility-1">Pore Compressibility</h4>
<p>Pore compressibility between a reference state and the current stress state is defined as:</p>
<p>$ C_{p} = -\frac{ \alpha \Delta\epsilon_{vol}}{ \Delta P_p \phi_0} + \frac{1}{K_s} ( \frac{ \alpha } { \phi_0 } - 1) $</p>
<p>Where:</p>
<ul>
<li>$ \alpha $ is the Biot coefficient,</li>
<li>$ \Delta\epsilon_{vol} $ is volumetric strain change (EV in ResInsight) between curret state and reference state,</li>
<li>$ \phi_0 $ is porosity on the Geostatic step,</li>
<li>$ \Delta P_p $ is change in pore pressure between current state and reference state,</li>
<li>$ K_s $ bulk modulus for the solid material (grain).</li>
</ul>
<p>The Biot porelastic coefficient ($\alpha$) defines the compressibility of sand grains: $\alpha = 1.0$ for incompressible grains,
and $\alpha &lt; 1.0$ for compressible grains. $\alpha$ is not used for the initial (Geostatic) time step. The default value is 1.0, but values
per element can be imported as an <a href="/import/elementpropertytable/index.html">element property table</a>.</p>
<p>The bulk modulus for solid material is defined as:</p>
<p>$ K_s = \frac{ K_{fr} }{ 1 - \alpha}, K_{fr} = \frac{ E }{ 3(1-2\nu)} $</p>
<p>Where:</p>
<ul>
<li>$ E $ is the elastic modulus (Young&rsquo;s modulus) from element property table <a href="/import/elementpropertytable/index.html">MODULUS</a>.</li>
<li>$ \nu $ is Poisson&rsquo;s ratio imported from element property table <a href="/import/elementpropertytable/index.html">RATIO</a>.</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="vertical-compressibility">Vertical Compressibility</h4>
<p>$ C_{v} = - \frac{ \Delta\epsilon_{\nu}}{ \alpha \Delta P_p } $</p>
<p>$ \Delta\epsilon_\nu $ is the vertical strain change between current state and reference state (E33 in ResInsight).</p>
<h4 id="vertical-compressibility-ratio">Vertical Compressibility Ratio</h4>
<p>$ C_{vr} = \frac{ C_v E(1-\nu) } { (1+\nu) ( 1 - 2\nu) } $</p>
<p>Vertical Compression Ratio is the ratio between the real vertical compression and the compression in a uniaxial strain case.
All parameters are described above.</p>
<h3 id="porosity-and-permeability">Porosity and Permeability</h3>
<h4 id="porosity">Porosity</h4>
<p>Porosity change is defined as either total change in porosity between initial (geostatic) state and current state,
or change in porosity between a reference state and the current state $ \Delta\phi $. The latter is given as</p>
<p>$ \Delta\phi = \phi_0(C_p \Delta P_p + \Delta\epsilon_{vol}) $</p>
<p>Here, $\Delta\phi_0$ is found from this equation with the reference state being the initial state (geostatic).
The current porosity is then given as</p>
<p>$ \phi = \phi_0 + \Delta\phi_0 $</p>
<p>with $ \phi_0 $ being the porosity at the initial state, $\Delta\phi_0$ is porosity change between initial (geostatic)
state current, $C_p$ is pore compressibility (between reference and current state), $\Delta P_p$ is change in pore pressure
and $\Delta\epsilon_{vol}$ is volumetric strain change.</p>
<h4 id="initial-porosity">Initial Porosity</h4>
<p>Porosity at the initial state:</p>
<p>$ \phi_0 = \frac{VOIDR} {1 + VOIDR} $</p>
<p>Where:</p>
<ul>
<li>VOIDR is void ratio from Abaqus.</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="permeability">Permeability</h4>
<p>An expression for permeability is taken from Petunin (2011).</p>
<p>$ k = k_0( \frac{\phi}{\phi_0} )^A $</p>
<p>Where:</p>
<ul>
<li>$k_0$ is the permeability at the initial state (unit: mD),</li>
<li>$\phi$ is porosity at current state,</li>
<li>$\phi_0$ is initial porosity,</li>
<li>$A$ is a constant</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="mud-weight-window">Mud Weight Window</h3>
<p>Mud Weight Window (MWW) represents the difference between the minimum and the maximum possible
mud weight between specific formation layers representing top and base of a fictitious well section.</p>
<p>To find MWW a two step procedure is needed:</p>
<ul>
<li>first find the limits per element,</li>
<li>determine the MWW for each element based on the vertical column.</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="finding-upper-and-lower-mud-weight-limit">Finding Upper and Lower Mud Weight Limit</h4>
<p>The upper mud weight limit (UMWL) and lower mud weight limit (LMWL) is found for each element intersected by the fictitious well.
The UMWL is either the fracture gradient (FG) or minimum horizontal stress (SHmin) for both sand and shale.
The LMWL is defined as the maximum of shear fracture gradient (SFG) and/or pore pressure in shale, and as pore pressure in sand.</p>
<p>The calculations for fracture gradient and shear fracture gradient, and the needed input, are described in detail
in <a href="/plot-window/wellborestabilityplots/index.html">Well Bore Stability Plots</a>.</p>
<h4 id="mud-weight-window-1">Mud Weight Window</h4>
<p>Thereafter, the combined use of mud weight limits for all elements between the top and base (for a given IJ)
determines the MWW parameters as will be further described below.</p>
<p>A reference element index ($K_{ref}$) represents the base or the top of the fictitious well. Then for a set
of elements with i = I, j = J and k = K to $K_{ref}$ the maximum LWML and the minimum UWML must be found from
these element values. Then the difference between the two defines the MWW parameter.</p>
<p>Thus for a vertical stack of elements $element_{ijk} = K \to K_{ref}$, $MWW_{ijk}$ is given as</p>
<p>$ MWW_{ijk} = maximum(LMWL) - minimum(UMWL) (k = K \to K_{ref}) $</p>
<p>Similar calculations are made below the reference layer, but then with the reference layer as the top layer.</p>
<p>In addition to the MWW parameter, the mud weight representing the middle of the drilling window (MWM) is calculated if MWW &gt; 0.
Otherwise, MWM should is undefined.</p>
<footer class="footline">
</footer>
</article>
</div>
</main>
</div>
<aside id="R-sidebar" class="default-animation">
<div id="R-header-topbar" class="default-animation"></div>
<div id="R-header-wrapper" class="default-animation">
<div id="R-header" class="default-animation">
<a id="logo" href="https://resinsight.org/">
<img src="https://resinsight.org//images/ResInsightCroppedIconPicture.png">
</a>
</div>
<script>
window.index_js_url="/searchindex.en.js?1739538141";
</script>
<search><form action="/search/index.html" method="get">
<div class="searchbox default-animation">
<button class="search-detail" type="submit" title="Search (CTRL+ALT+f)"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button>
<label class="a11y-only" for="R-search-by">Search</label>
<input data-search-input id="R-search-by" name="search-by" class="search-by" type="search" placeholder="Search...">
<button class="search-clear" type="button" data-search-clear="" title="Clear search"><i class="fas fa-times" title="Clear search"></i></button>
</div>
</form></search>
<script>
var contentLangs=['en'];
</script>
<script src="/js/auto-complete.js?1739538141" defer></script>
<script src="/js/lunr/lunr.min.js?1739538141" defer></script>
<script src="/js/lunr/lunr.stemmer.support.min.js?1739538141" defer></script>
<script src="/js/lunr/lunr.multi.min.js?1739538141" defer></script>
<script src="/js/lunr/lunr.en.min.js?1739538141" defer></script>
<script src="/js/search.js?1739538141" defer></script>
<script>
(function() {
const urlParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);
const searchQuery = urlParams.get('q');
if (searchQuery) {
const newUrl = `/search/?search-by=${encodeURIComponent(searchQuery)}`;
window.location.replace(newUrl);
}
})();
</script>
</div>
<div id="R-homelinks" class="default-animation">
<hr class="padding">
</div>
<div id="R-content-wrapper" class="highlightable">
<div id="R-shortcutmenu-home" class="R-sidebarmenu">
<ul class="enlarge morespace collapsible-menu">
<li class="" data-nav-id="/releases/index.html"><a class="padding" href="/releases/index.html">Releases</a><ul id="R-subsections-a71c2f29677ba690c1b8bf454f228c9c" class="collapsible-menu"></ul></li>
<li class="" data-nav-id="/getting-started/index.html"><a class="padding" href="/getting-started/index.html">Getting Started</a><ul id="R-subsections-87c0363912f379e0725cbe1d504c985c" class="collapsible-menu"></ul></li>
<li class="" data-nav-id="/3d-main-window/index.html"><a class="padding" href="/3d-main-window/index.html">3D Main Window</a><ul id="R-subsections-122c1165ab4202e74b8e3c0619dc7420" class="collapsible-menu"></ul></li>
<li class="" data-nav-id="/plot-window/index.html"><a class="padding" href="/plot-window/index.html">Plot Main Window</a><ul id="R-subsections-6087943109d37785a7a7442a1415914b" class="collapsible-menu"></ul></li>
<li class="parent " data-nav-id="/calculated-data/index.html"><a class="padding" href="/calculated-data/index.html">Calculated Data</a><ul id="R-subsections-d7700e605b6718d9f0232aeb66e77ad1" class="collapsible-menu">
<li class="" data-nav-id="/calculated-data/calculatorexpressions/index.html"><a class="padding" href="/calculated-data/calculatorexpressions/index.html">Calculator Expressions</a></li>
<li class="alwaysopen " data-nav-id="/calculated-data/grid-property-calculations/index.html"><a class="padding" href="/calculated-data/grid-property-calculations/index.html">Grid Property Calculator</a><ul id="R-subsections-58abb9faabca23d7498e2036b01e940d" class="collapsible-menu"></ul></li>
<li class="" data-nav-id="/calculated-data/curvecalculator/index.html"><a class="padding" href="/calculated-data/curvecalculator/index.html">Curve Calculator</a></li>
<li class="" data-nav-id="/calculated-data/derivedresults/index.html"><a class="padding" href="/calculated-data/derivedresults/index.html">Derived Results - Eclipse</a></li>
<li class="" data-nav-id="/calculated-data/faultdistance/index.html"><a class="padding" href="/calculated-data/faultdistance/index.html">Fault Distance</a></li>
<li class="active " data-nav-id="/calculated-data/derivedresultsgeomech/index.html"><a class="padding" href="/calculated-data/derivedresultsgeomech/index.html">Derived Results - Geomechanical</a></li>
<li class="" data-nav-id="/calculated-data/casegroupsandstatistics/index.html"><a class="padding" href="/calculated-data/casegroupsandstatistics/index.html">Grid Case Groups and Statistics</a></li></ul></li>
<li class="" data-nav-id="/wells-and-completions/index.html"><a class="padding" href="/wells-and-completions/index.html">Wells and Completions</a><ul id="R-subsections-6bd77eb465ff0d28f042f42913bdffda" class="collapsible-menu"></ul></li>
<li class="" data-nav-id="/import/index.html"><a class="padding" href="/import/index.html">Import</a><ul id="R-subsections-6394d937fb0ab7f32a2b2b5bee229032" class="collapsible-menu"></ul></li>
<li class="" data-nav-id="/export/index.html"><a class="padding" href="/export/index.html">Export</a><ul id="R-subsections-5d95f477b90785732dc9d6d81acc75cc" class="collapsible-menu"></ul></li>
<li class="" data-nav-id="/scripting/index.html"><a class="padding" href="/scripting/index.html">Scripting</a><ul id="R-subsections-184799376902c8c3045f6aad007b8b97" class="collapsible-menu"></ul></li>
<li class="" data-nav-id="/misc/index.html"><a class="padding" href="/misc/index.html">Miscellaneous</a><ul id="R-subsections-f243eab41fb28f51378992bf36c41035" class="collapsible-menu"></ul></li>
<li class="" data-nav-id="/best-practices/index.html"><a class="padding" href="/best-practices/index.html">Best Practices</a><ul id="R-subsections-4f78aa4e6926d1389cf4d79364e23592" class="collapsible-menu"></ul></li>
<li class="" data-nav-id="/workflows/index.html"><a class="padding" href="/workflows/index.html">Workflows</a><ul id="R-subsections-87fd3d7b9e4d48a0ba290b60ba4064f4" class="collapsible-menu"></ul></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="R-shortcutmenu-shortcuts" class="R-sidebarmenu">
<ul class="space collapsible-menu">
<li class="" data-nav-id="/about"><a class="padding" href="/about"><i class='fas fa-info-circle'></i> About</a></li>
<li class="" data-nav-id="/training"><a class="padding" href="/training"><i class='fa fa-university'></i> Training</a></li>
<li class="" data-nav-id="/support"><a class="padding" href="/support"><i class='far fa-question-circle'></i> Support</a></li>
<li class="" data-nav-id="/releases"><a class="padding" href="/releases"><i class='fas fa-download'></i> Download and Install</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="padding footermargin footerLangSwitch footerVariantSwitch footerVisitedLinks footerFooter showFooter"></div>
<div id="R-menu-footer">
<hr class="padding default-animation footerLangSwitch footerVariantSwitch footerVisitedLinks footerFooter showFooter">
<div id="R-prefooter" class="footerLangSwitch footerVariantSwitch footerVisitedLinks">
<ul>
<li id="R-select-language-container" class="footerLangSwitch">
<div class="padding menu-control">
<i class="fa-fw fas fa-language"></i>
<span>&nbsp;</span>
<div class="control-style">
<label class="a11y-only" for="R-select-language">Language</label>
<select id="R-select-language" onchange="location = this.querySelector( this.value ).dataset.url;">
<option id="R-select-language-en" value="#R-select-language-en" data-url="/calculated-data/derivedresultsgeomech/index.html" lang="en-us" selected></option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="clear"></div>
</div>
</li>
<li id="R-select-variant-container" class="footerVariantSwitch">
<div class="padding menu-control">
<i class="fa-fw fas fa-paint-brush"></i>
<span>&nbsp;</span>
<div class="control-style">
<label class="a11y-only" for="R-select-variant">Theme</label>
<select id="R-select-variant" onchange="window.relearn.changeVariant( this.value );">
<option id="R-select-variant-relearn" value="relearn" selected>Relearn</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="clear"></div>
</div>
<script>window.relearn.markVariant();</script>
</li>
<li class="footerVisitedLinks">
<div class="padding menu-control">
<i class="fa-fw fas fa-history"></i>
<span>&nbsp;</span>
<div class="control-style">
<button onclick="clearHistory();">Clear History</button>
</div>
<div class="clear"></div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="R-footer" class="footerFooter showFooter"><a href="https://www.ceetronsolutions.com"><img src='https://resinsight.org//images/CeeSolLogoSmallForDarkBackground.png' style='width: 140px; '></a><br>
ResInsight is developed by <br> <a href="https://www.ceetronsolutions.com">Ceetron Solutions</a>
<p>in collaboration with</p>
<a href="https://www.equinor.com">Equinor ASA</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</aside>
<script src="/js/clipboard.min.js?1739538141" defer></script>
<script src="/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1739538141" defer></script>
<script src="/js/theme.js?1739538141" defer></script>
</body>
</html>