5b08de4244
they used to be in opm-core, but this allows to be more flexible with the dependency order: What's now called "opm-core" can easily depend on opm-material which might come in handy for the refactoring. Besides moving in classes from opm-core, the infrastructural code which was still in opm-material is moved to the directory opm/material/common. The intention is to collect these classes at a central location to make it easy to move them to a real "core" module. (if this is ever going to happen.)
279 lines
8.2 KiB
C++
279 lines
8.2 KiB
C++
/*
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Copyright (C) 2012-2013 by Andreas Lauser
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This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).
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OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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GNU General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with OPM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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*/
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/*!
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* \file
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*
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* \copydoc Opm::CO2
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*/
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#ifndef OPM_CO2_HPP
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#define OPM_CO2_HPP
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#include <opm/material/common/Exceptions.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/common/ErrorMacros.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/Constants.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/IdealGas.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/components/Component.hpp>
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#include <cmath>
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#include <iostream>
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namespace Opm {
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/*!
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* \brief A class for the CO2 fluid properties
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*
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* Under reservoir conditions, CO2 is typically in supercritical
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* state. These properties can be provided in tabulated form, which is
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* necessary for this component. The template is used by the
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* fluidsystem \c FluidSystems::BrineCO2. If thermodynamic precision
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* is not a top priority, the much simpler component \c Opm::SimpleCO2 can be
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* used instead
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*/
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template <class Scalar, class CO2Tables>
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class CO2 : public Component<Scalar, CO2<Scalar, CO2Tables> >
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{
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static const Scalar R;
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static bool warningPrinted;
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public:
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/*!
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* \brief A human readable name for the CO2.
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*/
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static const char *name()
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{ return "CO2"; }
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/*!
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* \brief The mass in [kg] of one mole of CO2.
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*/
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static Scalar molarMass()
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{ return 44e-3; }
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/*!
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* \brief Returns the critical temperature [K] of CO2
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*/
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static Scalar criticalTemperature()
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{ return 273.15 + 30.95; /* [K] */ }
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/*!
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* \brief Returns the critical pressure [Pa] of CO2
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*/
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static Scalar criticalPressure()
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{ return 73.8e5; /* [N/m^2] */ }
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/*!
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* \brief Returns the temperature [K]at CO2's triple point.
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*/
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static Scalar tripleTemperature()
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{ return 273.15 - 56.35; /* [K] */ }
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/*!
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* \brief Returns the pressure [Pa] at CO2's triple point.
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*/
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static Scalar triplePressure()
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{ return 5.11e5; /* [N/m^2] */ }
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/*!
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* \brief Returns the pressure [Pa] at CO2's triple point.
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*/
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static Scalar minTabulatedPressure()
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{ return CO2Tables::tabulatedEnthalpy.minPress(); /* [N/m^2] */ }
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/*!
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* \brief Returns the pressure [Pa] at CO2's triple point.
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*/
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static Scalar maxTabulatedPressure()
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{ return CO2Tables::tabulatedEnthalpy.maxPress(); /* [N/m^2] */ }
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/*!
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* \brief Returns the pressure [Pa] at CO2's triple point.
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*/
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static Scalar minTabulatedTemperature()
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{ return CO2Tables::tabulatedEnthalpy.minTemp(); /* [N/m^2] */ }
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/*!
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* \brief Returns the pressure [Pa] at CO2's triple point.
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*/
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static Scalar maxTabulatedTemperature()
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{ return CO2Tables::tabulatedEnthalpy.maxTemp(); /* [N/m^2] */ }
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/*!
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* \brief The vapor pressure in [N/m^2] of pure CO2
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* at a given temperature.
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*
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* See:
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*
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* R. Span and W. Wagner: A New Equation of State for Carbon
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* Dioxide Covering the Fluid Region from the Triple‐Point
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* Temperature to 1100 K at Pressures up to 800 MPa. Journal of
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* Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 25 (6), pp. 1509-1596,
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* 1996
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*/
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static Scalar vaporPressure(Scalar T)
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{
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static const Scalar a[4] =
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{ -7.0602087, 1.9391218, -1.6463597, -3.2995634 };
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static const Scalar t[4] =
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{ 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 4.0 };
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// this is on page 1524 of the reference
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Scalar exponent = 0;
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Scalar Tred = T/criticalTemperature();
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for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
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exponent += a[i]*std::pow(1 - Tred, t[i]);
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}
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exponent *= 1.0/Tred;
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return std::exp(exponent)*criticalPressure();
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}
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/*!
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* \brief Returns true iff the gas phase is assumed to be compressible
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*/
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static bool gasIsCompressible()
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{ return true; }
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/*!
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* \brief Returns true iff the gas phase is assumed to be ideal
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*/
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static bool gasIsIdeal()
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{ return false; }
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/*!
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* \brief Specific enthalpy of gaseous CO2 [J/kg].
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*/
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static Scalar gasEnthalpy(Scalar temperature,
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Scalar pressure)
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{
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return CO2Tables::tabulatedEnthalpy.eval(temperature, pressure);
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}
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/*!
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* \brief Specific internal energy of CO2 [J/kg].
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*/
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static Scalar gasInternalEnergy(Scalar temperature,
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Scalar pressure)
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{
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Scalar h = gasEnthalpy(temperature, pressure);
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Scalar rho = gasDensity(temperature, pressure);
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return h - (pressure / rho);
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}
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/*!
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* \brief The density of CO2 at a given pressure and temperature [kg/m^3].
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*/
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static Scalar gasDensity(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure)
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{
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return CO2Tables::tabulatedDensity.eval(temperature, pressure);
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}
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/*!
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* \brief The dynamic viscosity [Pa s] of CO2.
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*
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* Equations given in: - Vesovic et al., 1990
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* - Fenhour etl al., 1998
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*/
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static Scalar gasViscosity(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure)
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{
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static const double a0 = 0.235156;
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static const double a1 = -0.491266;
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static const double a2 = 5.211155E-2;
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static const double a3 = 5.347906E-2;
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static const double a4 = -1.537102E-2;
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static const double d11 = 0.4071119E-2;
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static const double d21 = 0.7198037E-4;
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static const double d64 = 0.2411697E-16;
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static const double d81 = 0.2971072E-22;
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static const double d82 = -0.1627888E-22;
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static const double ESP = 251.196;
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double mu0, SigmaStar, TStar;
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double dmu, rho;
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double visco_CO2;
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if(temperature < 275.) // regularization
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temperature = 275;
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TStar = temperature/ESP;
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/* mu0: viscosity in zero-density limit */
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SigmaStar = exp(a0 + a1*log(TStar)
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+ a2*log(TStar)*log(TStar)
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+ a3*log(TStar)*log(TStar)*log(TStar)
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+ a4*log(TStar)*log(TStar)*log(TStar)*log(TStar) );
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mu0 = 1.00697*sqrt(temperature) / SigmaStar;
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/* dmu : excess viscosity at elevated density */
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rho = gasDensity(temperature, pressure); /* CO2 mass density [kg/m^3] */
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dmu = d11*rho + d21*rho*rho + d64*pow(rho,6)/(TStar*TStar*TStar)
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+ d81*pow(rho,8) + d82*pow(rho,8)/TStar;
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/* dmucrit : viscosity increase near the critical point */
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// False (Lybke 2July2007)
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//e1 = 5.5930E-3;
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//e2 = 6.1757E-5;
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//e4 = 2.6430E-11;
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//dmucrit = e1*rho + e2*rho*rho + e4*rho*rho*rho;
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//visco_CO2 = (mu0 + dmu + dmucrit)/1.0E6; /* conversion to [Pa s] */
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visco_CO2 = (mu0 + dmu)/1.0E6; /* conversion to [Pa s] */
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return visco_CO2;
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}
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/*!
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* \brief Specific isobaric heat capacity of the component [J/kg]
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* as a liquid.
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*
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* This function uses the fact that heat capacity is the partial
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* derivative of enthalpy function with respect to temperature.
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*
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* \param temperature Temperature of component \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$
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* \param pressure Pressure of component \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$
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*/
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static Scalar gasHeatCapacity(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure)
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{
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Scalar eps = 1e-6;
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// use central differences here because one-sided methods do
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// not come with a performance improvement. (central ones are
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// more accurate, though...)
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Scalar h1 = gasEnthalpy(temperature - eps, pressure);
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Scalar h2 = gasEnthalpy(temperature + eps, pressure);
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return (h2 - h1) / (2*eps) ;
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}
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};
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template <class Scalar, class CO2Tables>
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bool CO2<Scalar, CO2Tables>::warningPrinted = false;
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template <class Scalar, class CO2Tables>
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const Scalar CO2<Scalar, CO2Tables>::R = Constants<Scalar>::R;
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} // namespace Opm
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#endif
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