b1de0bf338
this requires the possibility of specifying an offset for the SI conversion because Eclipse in its eternal wisdom chooses to specify temperatures using degrees Celsius and degrees Fahrenheit instead of using Kelvin an Rankine...
236 lines
8.9 KiB
C++
236 lines
8.9 KiB
C++
/*
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Copyright 2013 Statoil ASA.
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This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).
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OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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GNU General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with OPM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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*/
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#ifndef CONVERSION_FACTORS_HPP
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#define CONVERSION_FACTORS_HPP
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/**
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The unit sets emplyed in ECLIPSE, in particular the FIELD units,
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are quite inconsistent. Ideally one should choose units for a set
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of base quantities like Mass,Time and Length and then derive the
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units for e.g. pressure and flowrate in a consisten manner. However
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that is not the case; for instance in the metric system we have:
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[Length] = meters
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[time] = days
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[mass] = kg
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This should give:
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[Pressure] = [mass] / ([length] * [time]^2) = kg / (m * days * days)
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Instead pressure is given in Bars. When it comes to FIELD units the
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number of such examples is long.
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*/
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namespace Opm {
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namespace details {
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// Note: the following has been lifted from opm/core/utility/Units.hpp.
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namespace prefix
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/// Conversion prefix for units.
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{
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const double micro = 1.0e-6; /**< Unit prefix [\f$\mu\f$] */
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const double milli = 1.0e-3; /**< Unit prefix [m] */
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const double centi = 1.0e-2; /**< Non-standard unit prefix [c] */
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const double deci = 1.0e-1; /**< Non-standard unit prefix [d] */
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const double kilo = 1.0e3; /**< Unit prefix [k] */
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const double mega = 1.0e6; /**< Unit prefix [M] */
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const double giga = 1.0e9; /**< Unit prefix [G] */
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} // namespace prefix
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namespace unit
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/// Definition of various units.
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/// All the units are defined in terms of international standard
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/// units (SI). Example of use: We define a variable \c k which
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/// gives a permeability. We want to set \c k to \f$1\,mD\f$.
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/// \code
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/// using namespace Opm::unit
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/// double k = 0.001*darcy;
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/// \endcode
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/// We can also use one of the prefixes defined in Opm::prefix
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/// \code
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/// using namespace Opm::unit
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/// using namespace Opm::prefix
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/// double k = 1.0*milli*darcy;
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/// \endcode
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{
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///\name Common powers
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/// @{
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inline double square(double v) { return v * v; }
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inline double cubic (double v) { return v * v * v; }
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/// @}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------
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// Basic (fundamental) units and conversions
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// --------------------------------------------------------------
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/// \name Length
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/// @{
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const double meter = 1;
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const double inch = 2.54 * prefix::centi*meter;
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const double feet = 12 * inch;
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/// @}
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/// \name Time
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/// @{
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const double second = 1;
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const double minute = 60 * second;
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const double hour = 60 * minute;
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const double day = 24 * hour;
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const double year = 365 * day;
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/// @}
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/// \name Volume
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/// @{
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const double gallon = 231 * cubic(inch);
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const double stb = 42 * gallon;
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const double liter = 1 * cubic(prefix::deci*meter);
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/// @}
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/// \name Mass
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/// @{
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const double kilogram = 1;
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// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_(mass)#Avoirdupois_pound
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const double pound = 0.45359237 * kilogram;
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/// @}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------
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// Standardised constants
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// --------------------------------------------------------------
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/// \name Standardised constant
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/// @{
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const double gravity = 9.80665 * meter/square(second);
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/// @}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------
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// Derived units and conversions
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// --------------------------------------------------------------
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/// \name Force
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/// @{
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const double Newton = kilogram*meter / square(second); // == 1
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const double lbf = pound * gravity; // Pound-force
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/// @}
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/// \name Pressure
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/// @{
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const double Pascal = Newton / square(meter); // == 1
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const double barsa = 100000 * Pascal;
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const double atm = 101325 * Pascal;
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const double psia = lbf / square(inch);
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/// @}
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/// \name Temperature. This one is more complicated
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/// because the unit systems used by Eclipse (i.e. degrees
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/// Celsius and degrees Fahrenheit require to add or
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/// subtract an offset for the conversion between from/to
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/// Kelvin
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/// @{
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const double degCelsius = 1.0; // scaling factor °C -> K
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const double degCelsiusOffset = 273.15; // offset for the °C -> K conversion
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const double degFahrenheit = 5.0/9; // scaling factor °F -> K
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const double degFahrenheitOffset = 255.37; // offset for the °C -> K conversion
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/// @}
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/// \name Viscosity
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/// @{
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const double Pas = Pascal * second; // == 1
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const double Poise = prefix::deci*Pas;
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/// @}
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namespace perm_details {
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const double p_grad = atm / (prefix::centi*meter);
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const double area = square(prefix::centi*meter);
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const double flux = cubic (prefix::centi*meter) / second;
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const double velocity = flux / area;
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const double visc = prefix::centi*Poise;
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const double darcy = (velocity * visc) / p_grad;
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// == 1e-7 [m^2] / 101325
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// == 9.869232667160130e-13 [m^2]
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}
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/// \name Permeability
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/// @{
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///
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/// A porous medium with a permeability of 1 darcy permits a flow (flux)
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/// of \f$1\,\mathit{cm}^3/s\f$ of a fluid with viscosity
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/// \f$1\,\mathit{cP}\f$ (\f$1\,mPa\cdot s\f$) under a pressure gradient
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/// of \f$1\,\mathit{atm}/\mathit{cm}\f$ acting across an area of
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/// \f$1\,\mathit{cm}^2\f$.
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///
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const double darcy = perm_details::darcy;
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/// @}
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}
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} // namespace details
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namespace Metric {
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using namespace details::prefix;
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using namespace details::unit;
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const double Pressure = barsa;
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const double Temperature = degCelsius;
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const double TemperatureOffset = degCelsiusOffset;
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const double Length = meter;
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const double Time = day;
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const double Mass = kilogram;
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const double Permeability = milli*darcy;
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const double LiquidVolume = cubic(meter);
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const double GasVolume = cubic(meter);
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const double GasDissolutionFactor = GasVolume/LiquidVolume;
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const double OilDissolutionFactor = LiquidVolume/GasVolume;
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const double Density = kilogram/cubic(meter);
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const double PolymerDensity = kilogram/cubic(meter);
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const double Viscosity = centi*Poise;
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const double Timestep = day;
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}
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namespace Field {
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using namespace details::prefix;
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using namespace details::unit;
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const double Pressure = psia;
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const double Temperature = degFahrenheit;
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const double TemperatureOffset = degFahrenheitOffset;
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const double Length = feet;
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const double Time = day;
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const double Mass = pound;
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const double Permeability = milli*darcy;
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const double LiquidVolume = stb;
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const double GasVolume = 1000*cubic(feet);
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const double GasDissolutionFactor = GasVolume/LiquidVolume;
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const double OilDissolutionFactor = LiquidVolume/GasVolume;
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const double Density = pound/cubic(feet);
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const double PolymerDensity = pound/stb;
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const double Viscosity = centi*Poise;
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const double Timestep = day;
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}
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}
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#endif
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