99a61df00a
conceptually, this may not be the purest conceivable solution, but it is the most practical one.
515 lines
18 KiB
C++
515 lines
18 KiB
C++
// -*- mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*-
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// vi: set et ts=4 sw=4 sts=4:
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/*
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Copyright (C) 2009-2013 by Andreas Lauser
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This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).
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OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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GNU General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with OPM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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*/
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/*!
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* \file
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* \copydoc Opm::FluidSystems::H2OAir
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*/
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#ifndef OPM_H2O_AIR_SYSTEM_HPP
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#define OPM_H2O_AIR_SYSTEM_HPP
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#include "BaseFluidSystem.hpp"
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#include "NullParameterCache.hpp"
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#include <opm/material/IdealGas.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/binarycoefficients/H2O_Air.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/components/Air.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/components/H2O.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/components/TabulatedComponent.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/common/Valgrind.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/common/Exceptions.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/common/ErrorMacros.hpp>
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#include <iostream>
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#include <cassert>
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namespace Opm {
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namespace FluidSystems {
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/*!
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* \ingroup Fluidsystems
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*
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* \brief A fluid system with a liquid and a gaseous phase and water and air
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* as components.
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*
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* This fluidsystem is applied by default with the tabulated version of
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* water of the IAPWS-formulation.
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*/
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template <class Scalar,
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//class H2Otype = Opm::SimpleH2O<Scalar>,
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class H2Otype = Opm::TabulatedComponent<Scalar, Opm::H2O<Scalar> >,
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bool useComplexRelations = true>
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class H2OAir
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: public BaseFluidSystem<Scalar, H2OAir<Scalar, H2Otype, useComplexRelations> >
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{
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typedef H2OAir<Scalar,H2Otype, useComplexRelations > ThisType;
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typedef BaseFluidSystem <Scalar, ThisType> Base;
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typedef Opm::IdealGas<Scalar> IdealGas;
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public:
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//! \copydoc BaseFluidSystem::ParameterCache
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typedef NullParameterCache ParameterCache;
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//! The type of the water component used for this fluid system
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typedef H2Otype H2O;
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//! The type of the air component used for this fluid system
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typedef Opm::Air<Scalar> Air;
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//! \copydoc BaseFluidSystem::numPhases
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static const int numPhases = 2;
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//! The index of the liquid phase
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static const int liquidPhaseIdx = 0;
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//! The index of the gas phase
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static const int gasPhaseIdx = 1;
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//! \copydoc BaseFluidSystem::phaseName
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static const char *phaseName(int phaseIdx)
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{
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switch (phaseIdx) {
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case liquidPhaseIdx: return "liquid";
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case gasPhaseIdx: return "gas";
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};
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OPM_THROW(std::logic_error, "Invalid phase index " << phaseIdx);
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}
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//! \copydoc BaseFluidSystem::isLiquid
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static bool isLiquid(int phaseIdx)
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{
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//assert(0 <= phaseIdx && phaseIdx < numPhases);
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return phaseIdx != gasPhaseIdx;
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}
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//! \copydoc BaseFluidSystem::isCompressible
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static bool isCompressible(int phaseIdx)
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{
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//assert(0 <= phaseIdx && phaseIdx < numPhases);
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return (phaseIdx == gasPhaseIdx)
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// ideal gases are always compressible
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? true
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:
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// the water component decides for the liquid phase...
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H2O::liquidIsCompressible();
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}
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//! \copydoc BaseFluidSystem::isIdealGas
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static bool isIdealGas(int phaseIdx)
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{
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return
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(phaseIdx == gasPhaseIdx)
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? H2O::gasIsIdeal() && Air::gasIsIdeal()
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: false;
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}
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//! \copydoc BaseFluidSystem::isIdealMixture
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static bool isIdealMixture(int phaseIdx)
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{
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//assert(0 <= phaseIdx && phaseIdx < numPhases);
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// we assume Henry's and Rault's laws for the water phase and
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// and no interaction between gas molecules of different
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// components, so all phases are ideal mixtures!
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return true;
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}
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/****************************************
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* Component related static parameters
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****************************************/
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//! \copydoc BaseFluidSystem::numComponents
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static const int numComponents = 2;
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//! The index of the water component
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static const int H2OIdx = 0;
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//! The index of the air component
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static const int AirIdx = 1;
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//! \copydoc BaseFluidSystem::componentName
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static const char *componentName(int compIdx)
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{
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switch (compIdx)
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{
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case H2OIdx: return H2O::name();
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case AirIdx: return Air::name();
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};
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OPM_THROW(std::logic_error, "Invalid component index " << compIdx);
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}
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//! \copydoc BaseFluidSystem::molarMass
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static Scalar molarMass(int compIdx)
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{
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return
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(compIdx == H2OIdx)
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? H2O::molarMass()
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: (compIdx == AirIdx)
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? Air::molarMass()
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: 1e100;
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}
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/*!
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* \brief Critical temperature of a component [K].
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*
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* \param compIdx The index of the component to consider
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*/
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static Scalar criticalTemperature(int compIdx)
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{
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return
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(compIdx == H2OIdx)
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? H2O::criticalTemperature()
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: (compIdx == AirIdx)
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? Air::criticalTemperature()
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: 1e100;
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}
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/*!
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* \brief Critical pressure of a component [Pa].
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*
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* \param compIdx The index of the component to consider
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*/
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static Scalar criticalPressure(int compIdx)
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{
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return
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(compIdx == H2OIdx)
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? H2O::criticalPressure()
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: (compIdx == AirIdx)
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? Air::criticalPressure()
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: 1e100;
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}
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/*!
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* \brief The acentric factor of a component [].
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*
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* \param compIdx The index of the component to consider
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*/
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static Scalar acentricFactor(int compIdx)
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{
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return
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(compIdx == H2OIdx)
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? H2O::acentricFactor()
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: (compIdx == AirIdx)
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? Air::acentricFactor()
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: 1e100;
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}
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/****************************************
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* thermodynamic relations
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****************************************/
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/*!
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* \copydoc BaseFluidSystem::init
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*
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* If a tabulated H2O component is used, we do our best to create
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* tables that always work.
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*/
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static void init()
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{
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if (H2O::isTabulated)
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init(/*tempMin=*/273.15,
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/*tempMax=*/623.15,
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/*numTemp=*/100,
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/*pMin=*/-10,
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/*pMax=*/20e6,
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/*numP=*/200);
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}
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/*!
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* \brief Initialize the fluid system's static parameters using
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* problem specific temperature and pressure ranges
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*
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* \param tempMin The minimum temperature used for tabulation of water [K]
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* \param tempMax The maximum temperature used for tabulation of water [K]
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* \param nTemp The number of ticks on the temperature axis of the table of water
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* \param pressMin The minimum pressure used for tabulation of water [Pa]
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* \param pressMax The maximum pressure used for tabulation of water [Pa]
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* \param nPress The number of ticks on the pressure axis of the table of water
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*/
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static void init(Scalar tempMin, Scalar tempMax, unsigned nTemp,
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Scalar pressMin, Scalar pressMax, unsigned nPress)
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{
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if (H2O::isTabulated) {
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H2O::init(tempMin, tempMax, nTemp,
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pressMin, pressMax, nPress);
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}
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}
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//! \copydoc BaseFluidSystem::density
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template <class FluidState, class LhsEval = typename FluidState::Scalar>
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static LhsEval density(const FluidState &fluidState,
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const ParameterCache ¶mCache,
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int phaseIdx)
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{
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typedef Opm::MathToolbox<typename FluidState::Scalar> FsToolbox;
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typedef Opm::MathToolbox<LhsEval> LhsToolbox;
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assert(0 <= phaseIdx && phaseIdx < numPhases);
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const auto& T = FsToolbox::template toLhs<LhsEval>(fluidState.temperature(phaseIdx));
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LhsEval p;
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if (isCompressible(phaseIdx))
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p = FsToolbox::template toLhs<LhsEval>(fluidState.pressure(phaseIdx));
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else {
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// random value which will hopefully cause things to blow
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// up if it is used in a calculation!
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p = - 1e100;
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Valgrind::SetUndefined(p);
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}
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LhsEval sumMoleFrac = 0;
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for (int compIdx = 0; compIdx < numComponents; ++compIdx)
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sumMoleFrac += FsToolbox::template toLhs<LhsEval>(fluidState.moleFraction(phaseIdx, compIdx));
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if (phaseIdx == liquidPhaseIdx)
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{
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if (!useComplexRelations)
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// assume pure water
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return H2O::liquidDensity(T, p);
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else
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{
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// See: Ochs 2008 (2.6)
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const LhsEval& rholH2O = H2O::liquidDensity(T, p);
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const LhsEval& clH2O = rholH2O/H2O::molarMass();
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const auto& xlH2O = FsToolbox::template toLhs<LhsEval>(fluidState.moleFraction(liquidPhaseIdx, H2OIdx));
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const auto& xlAir = FsToolbox::template toLhs<LhsEval>(fluidState.moleFraction(liquidPhaseIdx, AirIdx));
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return clH2O*(H2O::molarMass()*xlH2O + Air::molarMass()*xlAir)/sumMoleFrac;
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}
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}
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else if (phaseIdx == gasPhaseIdx)
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{
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if (!useComplexRelations)
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// for the gas phase assume an ideal gas
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return
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IdealGas::molarDensity(T, p)
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* FsToolbox::template toLhs<LhsEval>(fluidState.averageMolarMass(gasPhaseIdx))
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/ LhsToolbox::max(1e-5, sumMoleFrac);
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LhsEval partialPressureH2O =
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FsToolbox::template toLhs<LhsEval>(fluidState.moleFraction(gasPhaseIdx, H2OIdx))
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*FsToolbox::template toLhs<LhsEval>(fluidState.pressure(gasPhaseIdx));
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LhsEval partialPressureAir =
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FsToolbox::template toLhs<LhsEval>(fluidState.moleFraction(gasPhaseIdx, AirIdx))
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*FsToolbox::template toLhs<LhsEval>(fluidState.pressure(gasPhaseIdx));
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return H2O::gasDensity(T, partialPressureH2O) + Air::gasDensity(T, partialPressureAir);
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}
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OPM_THROW(std::logic_error, "Invalid phase index " << phaseIdx);
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}
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//! \copydoc BaseFluidSystem::viscosity
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template <class FluidState, class LhsEval = typename FluidState::Scalar>
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static LhsEval viscosity(const FluidState &fluidState,
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const ParameterCache ¶mCache,
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int phaseIdx)
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{
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typedef Opm::MathToolbox<LhsEval> LhsToolbox;
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typedef Opm::MathToolbox<typename FluidState::Scalar> FsToolbox;
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assert(0 <= phaseIdx && phaseIdx < numPhases);
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const auto& T = FsToolbox::template toLhs<LhsEval>(fluidState.temperature(phaseIdx));
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const auto& p = FsToolbox::template toLhs<LhsEval>(fluidState.pressure(phaseIdx));
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if (phaseIdx == liquidPhaseIdx)
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{
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// assume pure water for the liquid phase
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// TODO: viscosity of mixture
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// couldn't find a way to solve the mixture problem
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return H2O::liquidViscosity(T, p);
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}
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else if (phaseIdx == gasPhaseIdx)
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{
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if(!useComplexRelations){
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return Air::gasViscosity(T, p);
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}
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else //using a complicated version of this fluid system
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{
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/* Wilke method. See:
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*
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* See: R. Reid, et al.: The Properties of Gases and Liquids,
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* 4th edition, McGraw-Hill, 1987, 407-410 or
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* 5th edition, McGraw-Hill, 2000, p. 9.21/22
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*
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*/
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LhsEval muResult = 0;
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const LhsEval mu[numComponents] = {
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H2O::gasViscosity(T, H2O::vaporPressure(T)),
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Air::gasViscosity(T, p)
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};
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// molar masses
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const Scalar M[numComponents] = {
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H2O::molarMass(),
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Air::molarMass()
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};
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for (int i = 0; i < numComponents; ++i)
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{
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LhsEval divisor = 0;
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for (int j = 0; j < numComponents; ++j)
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{
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LhsEval phiIJ =
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1 +
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LhsToolbox::sqrt(mu[i]/mu[j]) * // 1 + (mu[i]/mu[j]^1/2
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std::pow(M[j]/M[i], 1./4.0); // (M[i]/M[j])^1/4
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phiIJ *= phiIJ;
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phiIJ /= std::sqrt(8*(1 + M[i]/M[j]));
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divisor += FsToolbox::template toLhs<LhsEval>(fluidState.moleFraction(phaseIdx, j))*phiIJ;
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}
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const auto& xAlphaI = FsToolbox::template toLhs<LhsEval>(fluidState.moleFraction(phaseIdx, i));
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muResult += xAlphaI*mu[i]/divisor;
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}
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return muResult;
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}
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}
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OPM_THROW(std::logic_error, "Invalid phase index " << phaseIdx);
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}
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//! \copydoc BaseFluidSystem::fugacityCoefficient
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template <class FluidState, class LhsEval = typename FluidState::Scalar>
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static LhsEval fugacityCoefficient(const FluidState &fluidState,
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const ParameterCache ¶mCache,
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int phaseIdx,
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int compIdx)
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{
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typedef Opm::MathToolbox<typename FluidState::Scalar> FsToolbox;
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assert(0 <= phaseIdx && phaseIdx < numPhases);
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assert(0 <= compIdx && compIdx < numComponents);
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const auto& T = FsToolbox::template toLhs<LhsEval>(fluidState.temperature(phaseIdx));
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const auto& p = FsToolbox::template toLhs<LhsEval>(fluidState.pressure(phaseIdx));
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if (phaseIdx == liquidPhaseIdx) {
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if (compIdx == H2OIdx)
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return H2O::vaporPressure(T)/p;
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return Opm::BinaryCoeff::H2O_Air::henry(T)/p;
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}
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// for the gas phase, assume an ideal gas when it comes to
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// fugacity (-> fugacity == partial pressure)
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return 1.0;
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}
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//! \copydoc BaseFluidSystem::diffusionCoefficient
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template <class FluidState, class LhsEval = typename FluidState::Scalar>
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static LhsEval binaryDiffusionCoefficient(const FluidState &fluidState,
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const ParameterCache ¶mCache,
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int phaseIdx,
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int compIdx)
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{
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typedef Opm::MathToolbox<typename FluidState::Scalar> FsToolbox;
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const auto& T = FsToolbox::template toLhs<LhsEval>(fluidState.temperature(phaseIdx));
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const auto& p = FsToolbox::template toLhs<LhsEval>(fluidState.pressure(phaseIdx));
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if (phaseIdx == liquidPhaseIdx)
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return BinaryCoeff::H2O_Air::liquidDiffCoeff(T, p);
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assert(phaseIdx == gasPhaseIdx);
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return BinaryCoeff::H2O_Air::gasDiffCoeff(T, p);
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}
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//! \copydoc BaseFluidSystem::enthalpy
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template <class FluidState, class LhsEval = typename FluidState::Scalar>
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static LhsEval enthalpy(const FluidState &fluidState,
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const ParameterCache ¶mCache,
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int phaseIdx)
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{
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typedef Opm::MathToolbox<typename FluidState::Scalar> FsToolbox;
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const auto& T = FsToolbox::template toLhs<LhsEval>(fluidState.temperature(phaseIdx));
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const auto& p = FsToolbox::template toLhs<LhsEval>(fluidState.pressure(phaseIdx));
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Valgrind::CheckDefined(T);
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Valgrind::CheckDefined(p);
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if (phaseIdx == liquidPhaseIdx)
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{
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// TODO: correct way to deal with the solutes???
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return H2O::liquidEnthalpy(T, p);
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}
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else if (phaseIdx == gasPhaseIdx)
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{
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LhsEval result = 0.0;
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result +=
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H2O::gasEnthalpy(T, p) *
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FsToolbox::template toLhs<LhsEval>(fluidState.massFraction(gasPhaseIdx, H2OIdx));
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result +=
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Air::gasEnthalpy(T, p) *
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FsToolbox::template toLhs<LhsEval>(fluidState.massFraction(gasPhaseIdx, AirIdx));
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return result;
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}
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OPM_THROW(std::logic_error, "Invalid phase index " << phaseIdx);
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}
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//! \copydoc BaseFluidSystem::thermalConductivity
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template <class FluidState, class LhsEval = typename FluidState::Scalar>
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static LhsEval thermalConductivity(const FluidState &fluidState,
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const ParameterCache ¶mCache,
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int phaseIdx)
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{
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typedef MathToolbox<typename FluidState::Scalar> FsToolbox;
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assert(0 <= phaseIdx && phaseIdx < numPhases);
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const LhsEval& temperature =
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FsToolbox::template toLhs<LhsEval>(fluidState.temperature(phaseIdx));
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const LhsEval& pressure =
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FsToolbox::template toLhs<LhsEval>(fluidState.pressure(phaseIdx));
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if (phaseIdx == liquidPhaseIdx)
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return H2O::liquidThermalConductivity(temperature, pressure);
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else { // gas phase
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const LhsEval& lambdaDryAir = Air::gasThermalConductivity(temperature, pressure);
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if (useComplexRelations){
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const LhsEval& xAir =
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FsToolbox::template toLhs<LhsEval>(fluidState.moleFraction(phaseIdx, AirIdx));
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const LhsEval& xH2O =
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FsToolbox::template toLhs<LhsEval>(fluidState.moleFraction(phaseIdx, H2OIdx));
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LhsEval lambdaAir = xAir*lambdaDryAir;
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// Assuming Raoult's, Daltons law and ideal gas
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// in order to obtain the partial density of water in the air phase
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LhsEval partialPressure = pressure*xH2O;
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LhsEval lambdaH2O =
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xH2O*H2O::gasThermalConductivity(temperature, partialPressure);
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return lambdaAir + lambdaH2O;
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}
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else
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return lambdaDryAir; // conductivity of Nitrogen [W / (m K ) ]
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}
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}
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};
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} // namespace FluidSystems
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} // namespace Opm
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#endif
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