da401551be
this patch removes the in-file lists in favor of a global list of in the COPYING file. this is done because (a) maintaining a list of authors at the beginning of each source file is a major pain in the a**, (b) for this reason, the list of authors was not accurate in about 85% of all cases where more than one person was involved and (c) this list is not legally binding in any way (the copyright is at the person who authored a given change; if these lists had any legal relevance, one could "aquire" the copyright of the module by forking it and replacing the lists...)
279 lines
8.5 KiB
C++
279 lines
8.5 KiB
C++
// -*- mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*-
|
||
// vi: set et ts=4 sw=4 sts=4:
|
||
/*
|
||
This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).
|
||
|
||
OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
|
||
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
|
||
the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
|
||
(at your option) any later version.
|
||
|
||
OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
|
||
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
|
||
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
|
||
GNU General Public License for more details.
|
||
|
||
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
|
||
along with OPM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
|
||
|
||
Consult the COPYING file in the top-level source directory of this
|
||
module for the precise wording of the license and the list of
|
||
copyright holders.
|
||
*/
|
||
/*!
|
||
* \file
|
||
*
|
||
* \copydoc Opm::CO2
|
||
*/
|
||
#ifndef OPM_CO2_HPP
|
||
#define OPM_CO2_HPP
|
||
|
||
#include <opm/common/Exceptions.hpp>
|
||
#include <opm/common/ErrorMacros.hpp>
|
||
#include <opm/material/Constants.hpp>
|
||
#include <opm/material/IdealGas.hpp>
|
||
#include <opm/material/components/Component.hpp>
|
||
#include <opm/material/common/MathToolbox.hpp>
|
||
|
||
#include <cmath>
|
||
#include <iostream>
|
||
|
||
namespace Opm {
|
||
|
||
/*!
|
||
* \brief A class for the CO2 fluid properties
|
||
*
|
||
* Under reservoir conditions, CO2 is typically in supercritical
|
||
* state. These properties can be provided in tabulated form, which is
|
||
* necessary for this component. The template is used by the
|
||
* fluidsystem \c FluidSystems::BrineCO2. If thermodynamic precision
|
||
* is not a top priority, the much simpler component \c Opm::SimpleCO2 can be
|
||
* used instead
|
||
*/
|
||
template <class Scalar, class CO2Tables>
|
||
class CO2 : public Component<Scalar, CO2<Scalar, CO2Tables> >
|
||
{
|
||
static const Scalar R;
|
||
static bool warningPrinted;
|
||
|
||
public:
|
||
/*!
|
||
* \brief A human readable name for the CO2.
|
||
*/
|
||
static const char *name()
|
||
{ return "CO2"; }
|
||
|
||
/*!
|
||
* \brief The mass in [kg] of one mole of CO2.
|
||
*/
|
||
static Scalar molarMass()
|
||
{ return 44e-3; }
|
||
|
||
/*!
|
||
* \brief Returns the critical temperature [K] of CO2
|
||
*/
|
||
static Scalar criticalTemperature()
|
||
{ return 273.15 + 30.95; /* [K] */ }
|
||
|
||
/*!
|
||
* \brief Returns the critical pressure [Pa] of CO2
|
||
*/
|
||
static Scalar criticalPressure()
|
||
{ return 73.8e5; /* [N/m^2] */ }
|
||
|
||
/*!
|
||
* \brief Returns the temperature [K]at CO2's triple point.
|
||
*/
|
||
static Scalar tripleTemperature()
|
||
{ return 273.15 - 56.35; /* [K] */ }
|
||
|
||
/*!
|
||
* \brief Returns the pressure [Pa] at CO2's triple point.
|
||
*/
|
||
static Scalar triplePressure()
|
||
{ return 5.11e5; /* [N/m^2] */ }
|
||
|
||
/*!
|
||
* \brief Returns the pressure [Pa] at CO2's triple point.
|
||
*/
|
||
static Scalar minTabulatedPressure()
|
||
{ return CO2Tables::tabulatedEnthalpy.minPress(); /* [N/m^2] */ }
|
||
|
||
/*!
|
||
* \brief Returns the pressure [Pa] at CO2's triple point.
|
||
*/
|
||
static Scalar maxTabulatedPressure()
|
||
{ return CO2Tables::tabulatedEnthalpy.maxPress(); /* [N/m^2] */ }
|
||
|
||
/*!
|
||
* \brief Returns the pressure [Pa] at CO2's triple point.
|
||
*/
|
||
static Scalar minTabulatedTemperature()
|
||
{ return CO2Tables::tabulatedEnthalpy.minTemp(); /* [N/m^2] */ }
|
||
|
||
/*!
|
||
* \brief Returns the pressure [Pa] at CO2's triple point.
|
||
*/
|
||
static Scalar maxTabulatedTemperature()
|
||
{ return CO2Tables::tabulatedEnthalpy.maxTemp(); /* [N/m^2] */ }
|
||
|
||
/*!
|
||
* \brief The vapor pressure in [N/m^2] of pure CO2
|
||
* at a given temperature.
|
||
*
|
||
* See:
|
||
*
|
||
* R. Span and W. Wagner: A New Equation of State for Carbon
|
||
* Dioxide Covering the Fluid Region from the Triple‐Point
|
||
* Temperature to 1100 K at Pressures up to 800 MPa. Journal of
|
||
* Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 25 (6), pp. 1509-1596,
|
||
* 1996
|
||
*/
|
||
template <class Evaluation>
|
||
static Evaluation vaporPressure(const Evaluation& T)
|
||
{
|
||
typedef MathToolbox<Evaluation> Toolbox;
|
||
|
||
static const Scalar a[4] =
|
||
{ -7.0602087, 1.9391218, -1.6463597, -3.2995634 };
|
||
static const Scalar t[4] =
|
||
{ 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 4.0 };
|
||
|
||
// this is on page 1524 of the reference
|
||
Evaluation exponent = 0;
|
||
Evaluation Tred = T/criticalTemperature();
|
||
for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
|
||
exponent += a[i]*Toolbox::pow(1 - Tred, t[i]);
|
||
exponent *= 1.0/Tred;
|
||
|
||
return Toolbox::exp(exponent)*criticalPressure();
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
|
||
/*!
|
||
* \brief Returns true iff the gas phase is assumed to be compressible
|
||
*/
|
||
static bool gasIsCompressible()
|
||
{ return true; }
|
||
|
||
/*!
|
||
* \brief Returns true iff the gas phase is assumed to be ideal
|
||
*/
|
||
static bool gasIsIdeal()
|
||
{ return false; }
|
||
|
||
/*!
|
||
* \brief Specific enthalpy of gaseous CO2 [J/kg].
|
||
*/
|
||
template <class Evaluation>
|
||
static Evaluation gasEnthalpy(const Evaluation& temperature,
|
||
const Evaluation& pressure)
|
||
{
|
||
return CO2Tables::tabulatedEnthalpy.eval(temperature, pressure);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/*!
|
||
* \brief Specific internal energy of CO2 [J/kg].
|
||
*/
|
||
template <class Evaluation>
|
||
static Evaluation gasInternalEnergy(const Evaluation& temperature,
|
||
const Evaluation& pressure)
|
||
{
|
||
const Evaluation& h = gasEnthalpy(temperature, pressure);
|
||
const Evaluation& rho = gasDensity(temperature, pressure);
|
||
|
||
return h - (pressure / rho);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/*!
|
||
* \brief The density of CO2 at a given pressure and temperature [kg/m^3].
|
||
*/
|
||
template <class Evaluation>
|
||
static Evaluation gasDensity(const Evaluation& temperature, const Evaluation& pressure)
|
||
{
|
||
return CO2Tables::tabulatedDensity.eval(temperature, pressure);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/*!
|
||
* \brief The dynamic viscosity [Pa s] of CO2.
|
||
*
|
||
* Equations given in: - Vesovic et al., 1990
|
||
* - Fenhour etl al., 1998
|
||
*/
|
||
template <class Evaluation>
|
||
static Evaluation gasViscosity(Evaluation temperature, const Evaluation& pressure)
|
||
{
|
||
typedef MathToolbox<Evaluation> Toolbox;
|
||
|
||
const Scalar a0 = 0.235156;
|
||
const Scalar a1 = -0.491266;
|
||
const Scalar a2 = 5.211155e-2;
|
||
const Scalar a3 = 5.347906e-2;
|
||
const Scalar a4 = -1.537102e-2;
|
||
|
||
const Scalar d11 = 0.4071119e-2;
|
||
const Scalar d21 = 0.7198037e-4;
|
||
const Scalar d64 = 0.2411697e-16;
|
||
const Scalar d81 = 0.2971072e-22;
|
||
const Scalar d82 = -0.1627888e-22;
|
||
|
||
const Scalar ESP = 251.196;
|
||
|
||
if(temperature < 275.) // regularization
|
||
temperature = Toolbox::createConstant(275.0);
|
||
Evaluation TStar = temperature/ESP;
|
||
|
||
// mu0: viscosity in zero-density limit
|
||
const Evaluation& logTStar = Toolbox::log(TStar);
|
||
Evaluation SigmaStar = Toolbox::exp(a0 + logTStar*(a1 + logTStar*(a2 + logTStar*(a3 + logTStar*a4))));
|
||
|
||
Evaluation mu0 = 1.00697*Toolbox::sqrt(temperature) / SigmaStar;
|
||
|
||
const Evaluation& rho = gasDensity(temperature, pressure); // CO2 mass density [kg/m^3]
|
||
|
||
// dmu : excess viscosity at elevated density
|
||
Evaluation dmu =
|
||
d11*rho
|
||
+ d21*rho*rho
|
||
+ d64*Toolbox::pow(rho, 6.0)/(TStar*TStar*TStar)
|
||
+ d81*Toolbox::pow(rho, 8.0)
|
||
+ d82*Toolbox::pow(rho, 8.0)/TStar;
|
||
|
||
return (mu0 + dmu)/1.0e6; // conversion to [Pa s]
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/*!
|
||
* \brief Specific isobaric heat capacity of the component [J/kg]
|
||
* as a liquid.
|
||
*
|
||
* This function uses the fact that heat capacity is the partial
|
||
* derivative of enthalpy function with respect to temperature.
|
||
*
|
||
* \param temperature Temperature of component \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$
|
||
* \param pressure Pressure of component \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$
|
||
*/
|
||
template <class Evaluation>
|
||
static Evaluation gasHeatCapacity(const Evaluation& temperature, const Evaluation& pressure)
|
||
{
|
||
Scalar eps = 1e-6;
|
||
|
||
// use central differences here because one-sided methods do
|
||
// not come with a performance improvement. (central ones are
|
||
// more accurate, though...)
|
||
const Evaluation& h1 = gasEnthalpy(temperature - eps, pressure);
|
||
const Evaluation& h2 = gasEnthalpy(temperature + eps, pressure);
|
||
|
||
return (h2 - h1) / (2*eps) ;
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
template <class Scalar, class CO2Tables>
|
||
bool CO2<Scalar, CO2Tables>::warningPrinted = false;
|
||
|
||
template <class Scalar, class CO2Tables>
|
||
const Scalar CO2<Scalar, CO2Tables>::R = Constants<Scalar>::R;
|
||
|
||
} // namespace Opm
|
||
|
||
#endif
|