From 1e62b5f270772b92a9391ea9eecadd466f467d43 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Philipp Nuske Date: Thu, 23 Feb 2012 10:53:31 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] - administered some formula cosmetics to the models section of the handbook --- doc/handbook/box.tex | 11 ++++----- doc/handbook/models.tex | 51 +++++++++++++++++++---------------------- 2 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-) diff --git a/doc/handbook/box.tex b/doc/handbook/box.tex index 0ce70c7c4..cfd9770e5 100644 --- a/doc/handbook/box.tex +++ b/doc/handbook/box.tex @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ The advantage of the FE method is that unstructured grids can be used, while the f(\tilde u(x^k_{ij})) \cdot \mathbf n^k_{ij} \: |e^k_{ij}| \qquad \textrm{with} \qquad \tilde u(x^k_{ij}) = \sum_i N_i(x^k_{ij}) \cdot \hat u_i . \end{equation} -In the following, the discretization of the balance equation is going to be derived. From the \textsc{reynolds}s transport theorem follows the general balance equation: +In the following, the discretization of the balance equation is going to be derived. From the \textsc{Reynolds} transport theorem follows the general balance equation: \begin{equation} \underbrace{\int_G \frac{\partial}{\partial t} \: u \: dG}_{1} + \underbrace{\int_{\partial G} (\mathbf{v} u + \mathbf w) \cdot \textbf n \: d\varGamma}_{2} = \underbrace{\int_G q \: dG}_{3} @@ -26,8 +26,7 @@ In the following, the discretization of the balance equation is going to be deri \begin{equation} f(u) = \int_G \frac{\partial u}{\partial t} \: dG + \int_{G} \nabla \cdot \underbrace{\left[ \mathbf{v} u + \mathbf w(u)\right] }_{F(u)} \: dG - \int_G q \: dG = 0 \end{equation} - -where term 1 describes the changes of entity $u$ within a control volume over time, term 2 the advective, diffusive and dispersive fluxes over the interfaces of the control volume and term 3 is the source and sink term. $G$ denotes the model domain and $F(u) = F(\mathbf v, p) = F(\mathbf v(x,t), p(x,t))$.\\ +where term 1 describes the changes of entity $u$ within a control volume over time, term 2 the advective, diffusive and dispersive fluxes over the interfaces of the control volume and term 3 is the source and sink term. $G$ denotes the model domain and $F(u) = F(\mathbf v, p) = F(\mathbf v(x,t), p(x,t))$. Like the FE method, the BOX-method follows the principle of weighted residuals. In the function $f(u)$ the unknown $u$ is approximated by discrete values at the nodes of the FE mesh $\hat u_i$ and linear basis functions $N_i$ yielding an approximate function $f(\tilde u)$. For $u\in \lbrace \mathbf v, p, x^\kappa \rbrace$ this means @@ -72,14 +71,13 @@ Application of the principle of weighted residuals, meaning the multiplication o \begin{equation} \int_G W_j \cdot \varepsilon \: \overset {!}{=} \: 0 \qquad \textrm{with} \qquad \sum_j W_j =1 \end{equation} - yields the following equation: \begin{equation} \int_G W_j \frac{\partial \tilde u}{\partial t} \: dG + \int_G W_j \cdot \left[ \nabla \cdot F(\tilde u) \right] \: dG - \int_G W_j \cdot q \: dG = \int_G W_j \cdot \varepsilon \: dG \: \overset {!}{=} \: 0 . \end{equation} -Then, the chain rule and the \textsc{green-gaussian} integral theorem are applied. +Then, the chain rule and the \textsc{Green-Gaussian} integral theorem are applied. \begin{equation} \int_G W_j \frac{\partial \sum_i N_i \hat u_i}{\partial t} \: dG + \int_{\partial G} \left[ W_j \cdot F(\tilde u)\right] \cdot \mathbf n \: d\varGamma_G + \int_G \nabla W_j \cdot F(\tilde u) \: dG - \int_G W_j \cdot q \: dG = 0 @@ -92,11 +90,10 @@ A mass lumping technique is applied by assuming that the storage capacity is red 0 &i \neq j\\ \end{cases} \end{equation} - where $V_i$ is the volume of the FV box $B_i$ associated with node i. The application of this assumption in combination with $\int_G W_j \:q \: dG = V_i \: q$ yields \begin{equation} - V_i \frac{\partial \hat u_i}{\partial t} + \int_{\partial G} \left[ W_j \cdot F(\tilde u)\right] \cdot \mathbf n \: d\varGamma_G + \int_G \nabla W_j \cdot F(\tilde u) \: dG- V_i \cdot q = 0 + V_i \frac{\partial \hat u_i}{\partial t} + \int_{\partial G} \left[ W_j \cdot F(\tilde u)\right] \cdot \mathbf n \: d\varGamma_G + \int_G \nabla W_j \cdot F(\tilde u) \: dG- V_i \cdot q = 0 \, . \end{equation} Defining the weighting function $W_j$ to be piecewisely constant over a control volume box $B_i$ diff --git a/doc/handbook/models.tex b/doc/handbook/models.tex index dd4f32b5d..92237c0ff 100644 --- a/doc/handbook/models.tex +++ b/doc/handbook/models.tex @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ $\varrho_{\alpha}$ & mass density of phase $\alpha$ & $h_\alpha$ & specific enth $k_{\text{r}\alpha}$ & relative permeability & $c_\text{s}$ & specific heat enthalpy \\ $\mu_\alpha$ & phase viscosity & $\lambda_\text{pm}$ & heat conductivity \\ $D_\alpha^\kappa$ & diffusivity of component $\kappa$ in phase $\alpha$ & $q^h$ & heat source term \\ -$v_\alpha$ & Darcy velocity & $v_{a,\alpha}$ & advective velocity +$\boldsymbol{v}_\alpha$ & Darcy velocity & $\boldsymbol{v}_{a,\alpha}$ & advective velocity \end{tabular} @@ -67,21 +67,20 @@ us to drop source/sink terms for describing the mass transfer between phases. Then, the molar mass balance can be written as: % -\begin{eqnarray} +\begin{multline} \label{A3:eqmass1} - && \phi \frac{\partial (\sum_\alpha \varrho_{\text{mol}, \alpha} - x_\alpha^\kappa S_\alpha )}{\partial t} \nonumber + \phi \frac{\partial (\sum_\alpha \varrho_{\text{mol}, \alpha} + x_\alpha^\kappa S_\alpha )}{\partial t} - \sum\limits_\alpha \Div \left( \frac{k_{\text{r} \alpha}}{\mu_\alpha} \varrho_{\text{mol}, \alpha} x_\alpha^\kappa K (\grad p_\alpha - - \varrho_{\alpha} \boldsymbol{g}) \right) \nonumber \\ + \varrho_{\alpha} \boldsymbol{g}) \right) \\ + % % - \nonumber \\ - % - && - \sum\limits_\alpha \Div \left( \tau \phi S_\alpha D_\alpha^\kappa \varrho_{\text{mol}, - \alpha} \grad x_\alpha^\kappa \right) \nonumber + - \sum\limits_\alpha \Div \left( \tau \phi S_\alpha D_\alpha^\kappa \varrho_{\text{mol}, + \alpha} \grad x_\alpha^\kappa \right) - q^\kappa = 0, \qquad \kappa \in \{\text{w,a,c}\}. -\end{eqnarray} +\end{multline} The component mass balance can also be written in terms of mass fractions by replacing molar densities by mass densities and mole by mass fractions. @@ -92,46 +91,42 @@ C^\kappa = \sum_\alpha \phi S_\alpha \varrho_{\text{mass},\alpha} X_\alpha^\kapp \end{displaymath} Using this definition, the component mass balance is written as: -\begin{eqnarray} +\begin{multline} \label{A3:eqmass2} - && \frac{\partial C^\kappa}{\partial t} = + \frac{\partial C^\kappa}{\partial t} = \sum\limits_\alpha \Div \left( \frac{k_{\text{r} \alpha}}{\mu_\alpha} \varrho_{\text{mass}, \alpha} X_\alpha^\kappa K (\grad p_\alpha + - \varrho_{\text{mass}, \alpha} \boldsymbol{g}) \right) \nonumber \\ + \varrho_{\text{mass}, \alpha} \boldsymbol{g}) \right) \\ % - \nonumber \\ % - && + \sum\limits_\alpha \Div \left( \tau \phi S_\alpha D_\alpha^\kappa \varrho_{\text{mass}, - \alpha} \grad X_\alpha^\kappa \right) \nonumber + + \sum\limits_\alpha \Div \left( \tau \phi S_\alpha D_\alpha^\kappa \varrho_{\text{mass}, + \alpha} \grad X_\alpha^\kappa \right) + q^\kappa = 0, \qquad \kappa \in \{\text{w,a,c}\}. -\end{eqnarray} +\end{multline} In the case of non-isothermal systems, we further have to balance the thermal energy. We assume fully reversible processes, such that entropy is not needed as a model parameter. Furthermore, we neglect dissipative effects and the heat transport due to molecular -diffusion. The heat balance can then be +diffusion. The energy balance can then be formulated as: % -\begin{eqnarray} +\begin{multline} \label{A3:eqenergmak1} - && \phi \frac{\partial \left( \sum_\alpha \varrho_{\alpha} + \phi \frac{\partial \left( \sum_\alpha \varrho_{\alpha} u_\alpha S_\alpha \right)}{\partial t} + \left( 1 - \phi \right) \frac{\partial \varrho_{\text{s}} c_{\text{s}} - T}{\partial t} \nonumber + T}{\partial t} - \Div \left( \lambda_{\text{pm}} \grad T \right) - \nonumber \\ - % - \nonumber \\ - % - && - \sum\limits_\alpha \Div \left( \frac{k_{\text{r} + \\ + - \sum\limits_\alpha \Div \left( \frac{k_{\text{r} \alpha}}{\mu_\alpha} \varrho_{\alpha} h_\alpha K \left( \grad p_\alpha - \varrho_{\alpha} - \boldsymbol{g} \right) \right) \nonumber + \boldsymbol{g} \right) \right) - q^h \; = \; 0. -\end{eqnarray} +\end{multline} In order to close the system, supplementary constraints for capillary pressure, saturations and mole fractions are needed, \cite{A3:helmig:1997}.