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Merge pull request #1478 from GitPaean/adding_control_equations

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Adding well control equations
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Tor Harald Sandve 2018-06-04 15:12:31 +02:00 committed by GitHub
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8 changed files with 411 additions and 356 deletions
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7
opm/autodiff/BlackoilWellModel_impl.hpp
View File

@ -272,10 +272,6 @@ namespace Opm {
// Set the well primary variables based on the value of well solutions
initPrimaryVariablesEvaluation();
if (iterationIdx == 0) {
//calculateExplicitQuantities();
}
if (param_.solve_welleq_initially_ && iterationIdx == 0) {
// solve the well equations as a pre-processing step
last_report_ = solveWellEq(dt);
@ -286,6 +282,9 @@ namespace Opm {
last_report_ = solveWellEq(dt);
initial_step_ = false;
}
// TODO: should we update the explicit related here again, or even prepareTimeStep().
// basically, this is a more updated state from the solveWellEq based on fixed
// reservoir state, will tihs be a better place to inialize the explict information?
}
assembleWellEq(dt, false);

1
opm/autodiff/ISTLSolver.hpp
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@ -214,6 +214,7 @@ static inline void invertMatrix (FieldMatrix<K,4,4> &matrix)
template <typename K, int n>
static inline void invertMatrix (FieldMatrix<K,n,n> &matrix)
{
Dune::FMatrixPrecision<K>::set_singular_limit(1.e-20);
matrix.invert();
}

55
opm/autodiff/StandardWell.hpp
View File

@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
#include <opm/autodiff/WellInterface.hpp>
#include <opm/autodiff/ISTLSolver.hpp>
#include <opm/autodiff/RateConverter.hpp>
#include <opm/autodiff/ISTLSolver.hpp>
namespace Opm
{
@ -57,15 +56,34 @@ namespace Opm
using Base::has_polymer;
using Base::has_energy;
// the positions of the primary variables for StandardWell
// there are three primary variables, the second and the third ones are F_w and F_g
// the first one can be total rate (G_t) or bhp, based on the control
// polymer concentration and temperature are already known by the well, so
// polymer and energy conservation do not need to be considered explicitly
static const int numPolymerEq = has_polymer ? 1 : 0;
static const int numEnergyEq = has_energy ? 1 : 0;
// number of the conservation equations
static const int numWellConservationEq = numEq - numPolymerEq - numEnergyEq;
// number of the well control equations
static const int numWellControlEq = 1;
static const int numWellEq = numWellConservationEq + numWellControlEq;
// the positions of the primary variables for StandardWell
// the first one is the weighted total rate (WQ_t), the second and the third ones are F_w and F_g,
// which represent the fraction of Water and Gas based on the weighted total rate, the last one is BHP.
// correspondingly, we have four well equations for blackoil model, the first three are mass
// converstation equations, and the last one is the well control equation.
// primary variables related to other components, will be before the Bhp and after F_g.
// well control equation is always the last well equation.
// TODO: in the current implementation, we use the well rate as the first primary variables for injectors,
// instead of G_t.
static const bool gasoil = numEq == 2 && (Indices::compositionSwitchIdx >= 0);
static const int XvarWell = 0;
static const int WQTotal = 0;
static const int WFrac = gasoil? -1000: 1;
static const int GFrac = gasoil? 1: 2;
static const int SFrac = !has_solvent ? -1000 : 3;
// the index for Bhp in primary variables and also the index of well control equation
// they both will be the last one in their respective system.
// TODO: we should have indices for the well equations and well primary variables separately
static const int Bhp = numWellEq - numWellControlEq;
using typename Base::Scalar;
using typename Base::ConvergenceReport;
@ -76,11 +94,6 @@ namespace Opm
using Base::Oil;
using Base::Gas;
// polymer concentration and temperature are already known by the well, so
// polymer and energy conservation do not need to be considered explicitly
static const int numPolymerEq = has_polymer ? 1 : 0;
static const int numEnergyEq = has_energy ? 1 : 0;
static const int numWellEq =numEq - numPolymerEq - numEnergyEq;
using typename Base::Mat;
using typename Base::BVector;
using typename Base::Eval;
@ -177,6 +190,8 @@ namespace Opm
using Base::scalingFactor;
// protected member variables from the Base class
using Base::current_step_;
using Base::well_ecl_;
using Base::vfp_properties_;
using Base::gravity_;
using Base::param_;
@ -227,14 +242,12 @@ namespace Opm
// the saturations in the well bore under surface conditions at the beginning of the time step
std::vector<double> F0_;
// TODO: this function should be moved to the base class.
// while it faces chanllenges for MSWell later, since the calculation of bhp
// based on THP is never implemented for MSWell yet.
EvalWell getBhp() const;
const EvalWell& getBhp() const;
// TODO: it is also possible to be moved to the base class.
EvalWell getQs(const int comp_idx) const;
const EvalWell& getWQTotal() const;
EvalWell wellVolumeFractionScaled(const int phase) const;
EvalWell wellVolumeFraction(const unsigned compIdx) const;
@ -313,6 +326,18 @@ namespace Opm
void updateWaterMobilityWithPolymer(const Simulator& ebos_simulator,
const int perf,
std::vector<EvalWell>& mob_water) const;
void updatePrimaryVariablesNewton(const BVectorWell& dwells,
const WellState& well_state) const;
void updateWellStateFromPrimaryVariables(WellState& well_state) const;
void updateThp(WellState& well_state) const;
void assembleControlEq();
// handle the non reasonable fractions due to numerical overshoot
void processFractions() const;
};
}

681
opm/autodiff/StandardWell_impl.hpp
View File

@ -35,8 +35,10 @@ namespace Opm
, perf_pressure_diffs_(number_of_perforations_)
, primary_variables_(numWellEq, 0.0)
, primary_variables_evaluation_(numWellEq) // the number of the primary variables
, F0_(numWellEq)
, F0_(numWellConservationEq)
{
assert(num_components_ == numWellConservationEq);
duneB_.setBuildMode( OffDiagMatWell::row_wise );
duneC_.setBuildMode( OffDiagMatWell::row_wise );
invDuneD_.setBuildMode( DiagMatWell::row_wise );
@ -105,10 +107,7 @@ namespace Opm
void StandardWell<TypeTag>::
initPrimaryVariablesEvaluation() const
{
// TODO: using num_components_ here is only to make the 2p + dummy phase work
// TODO: in theory, we should use numWellEq here.
// for (int eqIdx = 0; eqIdx < numWellEq; ++eqIdx) {
for (int eqIdx = 0; eqIdx < num_components_; ++eqIdx) {
for (int eqIdx = 0; eqIdx < numWellEq; ++eqIdx) {
assert( (size_t)eqIdx < primary_variables_.size() );
primary_variables_evaluation_[eqIdx] = 0.0;
@ -122,34 +121,23 @@ namespace Opm
template<typename TypeTag>
typename StandardWell<TypeTag>::EvalWell
const typename StandardWell<TypeTag>::EvalWell&
StandardWell<TypeTag>::
getBhp() const
{
const WellControls* wc = well_controls_;
if (well_controls_get_current_type(wc) == BHP) {
EvalWell bhp = 0.0;
const double target_rate = well_controls_get_current_target(wc);
bhp.setValue(target_rate);
return bhp;
} else if (well_controls_get_current_type(wc) == THP) {
const int control = well_controls_get_current(wc);
return primary_variables_evaluation_[Bhp];
}
const Opm::PhaseUsage& pu = phaseUsage();
std::vector<EvalWell> rates(3, 0.0);
if (FluidSystem::phaseIsActive(FluidSystem::waterPhaseIdx)) {
rates[ Water ]= getQs(pu.phase_pos[ Water]);
}
if (FluidSystem::phaseIsActive(FluidSystem::oilPhaseIdx)) {
rates[ Oil ] = getQs(pu.phase_pos[ Oil ]);
}
if (FluidSystem::phaseIsActive(FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx)) {
rates[ Gas ] = getQs(pu.phase_pos[ Gas ]);
}
return calculateBhpFromThp(rates, control);
}
return primary_variables_evaluation_[XvarWell];
template<typename TypeTag>
const typename StandardWell<TypeTag>::EvalWell&
StandardWell<TypeTag>::
getWQTotal() const
{
return primary_variables_evaluation_[WQTotal];
}
@ -159,139 +147,33 @@ namespace Opm
template<typename TypeTag>
typename StandardWell<TypeTag>::EvalWell
StandardWell<TypeTag>::
getQs(const int comp_idx) const // TODO: phase or component?
getQs(const int comp_idx) const
{
EvalWell qs = 0.0;
const WellControls* wc = well_controls_;
const int np = number_of_phases_;
const double target_rate = well_controls_get_current_target(wc);
// Note: currently, the WQTotal definition is still depends on Injector/Producer.
assert(comp_idx < num_components_);
const auto pu = phaseUsage();
const int legacyCompIdx = ebosCompIdxToFlowCompIdx(comp_idx);
// TODO: the formulation for the injectors decides it only work with single phase
// surface rate injection control. Improvement will be required.
if (well_type_ == INJECTOR) {
if (has_solvent) {
// TODO: investigate whether the use of the comp_frac is justified.
// The usage of the comp_frac is not correct, which should be changed later.
double comp_frac = 0.0;
if (has_solvent && comp_idx == contiSolventEqIdx) { // solvent
comp_frac = comp_frac_[pu.phase_pos[ Gas ]] * wsolvent();
} else if (legacyCompIdx == pu.phase_pos[ Gas ]) {
comp_frac = comp_frac_[legacyCompIdx] * (1.0 - wsolvent());
} else {
comp_frac = comp_frac_[legacyCompIdx];
if (well_type_ == INJECTOR) { // only single phase injection
// TODO: using comp_frac here is dangerous, it should be changed later
// Most likely, it should be changed to use distr, or at least, we need to update comp_frac_ based on distr
// while solvent might complicate the situation
const auto pu = phaseUsage();
const int legacyCompIdx = ebosCompIdxToFlowCompIdx(comp_idx);
double comp_frac = 0.0;
if (has_solvent && comp_idx == contiSolventEqIdx) { // solvent
comp_frac = comp_frac_[pu.phase_pos[ Gas ]] * wsolvent();
} else if (legacyCompIdx == pu.phase_pos[ Gas ]) {
comp_frac = comp_frac_[legacyCompIdx];
if (has_solvent) {
comp_frac *= (1.0 - wsolvent());
}
if (comp_frac == 0.0) {
return qs; //zero
}
if (well_controls_get_current_type(wc) == BHP || well_controls_get_current_type(wc) == THP) {
return comp_frac * primary_variables_evaluation_[XvarWell];
}
qs.setValue(comp_frac * target_rate);
return qs;
} else {
comp_frac = comp_frac_[legacyCompIdx];
}
const double comp_frac = comp_frac_[legacyCompIdx];
if (comp_frac == 0.0) {
return qs;
}
if (well_controls_get_current_type(wc) == BHP || well_controls_get_current_type(wc) == THP) {
return primary_variables_evaluation_[XvarWell];
}
qs.setValue(target_rate);
return qs;
return comp_frac * primary_variables_evaluation_[WQTotal];
} else { // producers
return primary_variables_evaluation_[WQTotal] * wellVolumeFractionScaled(comp_idx);
}
// Producers
if (well_controls_get_current_type(wc) == BHP || well_controls_get_current_type(wc) == THP ) {
return primary_variables_evaluation_[XvarWell] * wellVolumeFractionScaled(comp_idx);
}
if (well_controls_get_current_type(wc) == SURFACE_RATE) {
// checking how many phases are included in the rate control
// to decide wheter it is a single phase rate control or not
const double* distr = well_controls_get_current_distr(wc);
int num_phases_under_rate_control = 0;
for (int phase = 0; phase < np; ++phase) {
if (distr[phase] > 0.0) {
num_phases_under_rate_control += 1;
}
}
// there should be at least one phase involved
assert(num_phases_under_rate_control > 0);
// when it is a single phase rate limit
if (num_phases_under_rate_control == 1) {
// looking for the phase under control
int phase_under_control = -1;
for (int phase = 0; phase < np; ++phase) {
if (distr[phase] > 0.0) {
phase_under_control = phase;
break;
}
}
assert(phase_under_control >= 0);
const int compIdx_under_control = flowPhaseToEbosCompIdx(phase_under_control);
EvalWell wellVolumeFractionScaledPhaseUnderControl = wellVolumeFractionScaled(compIdx_under_control);
if (has_solvent && phase_under_control == Gas) {
// for GRAT controlled wells solvent is included in the target
wellVolumeFractionScaledPhaseUnderControl += wellVolumeFractionScaled(contiSolventEqIdx);
}
if (comp_idx == compIdx_under_control) {
if (has_solvent && compIdx_under_control == FluidSystem::gasCompIdx) {
qs.setValue(target_rate * wellVolumeFractionScaled(compIdx_under_control).value() / wellVolumeFractionScaledPhaseUnderControl.value() );
return qs;
}
qs.setValue(target_rate);
return qs;
}
// TODO: not sure why the single phase under control will have near zero fraction
const double eps = 1e-6;
if (wellVolumeFractionScaledPhaseUnderControl < eps) {
return qs;
}
return (target_rate * wellVolumeFractionScaled(comp_idx) / wellVolumeFractionScaledPhaseUnderControl);
}
// when it is a combined two phase rate limit, such like LRAT
// we neec to calculate the rate for the certain phase
if (num_phases_under_rate_control == 2) {
EvalWell combined_volume_fraction = 0.;
for (int p = 0; p < np; ++p) {
const unsigned compIdxTmp = flowPhaseToEbosCompIdx(p);
if (distr[p] == 1.0) {
combined_volume_fraction += wellVolumeFractionScaled(compIdxTmp);
}
}
return (target_rate * wellVolumeFractionScaled(comp_idx) / combined_volume_fraction);
}
// TODO: three phase surface rate control is not tested yet
if (num_phases_under_rate_control == 3) {
return target_rate * wellSurfaceVolumeFraction(comp_idx);
}
} else if (well_controls_get_current_type(wc) == RESERVOIR_RATE) {
// ReservoirRate
return target_rate * wellVolumeFractionScaled(comp_idx);
} else {
OPM_THROW(std::logic_error, "Unknown control type for well " << name());
}
// avoid warning of condition reaches end of non-void function
return qs;
}
@ -722,7 +604,7 @@ namespace Opm
}
// add vol * dF/dt + Q to the well equations;
for (int componentIdx = 0; componentIdx < num_components_; ++componentIdx) {
for (int componentIdx = 0; componentIdx < numWellConservationEq; ++componentIdx) {
EvalWell resWell_loc = (wellSurfaceVolumeFraction(componentIdx) - F0_[componentIdx]) * volume / dt;
resWell_loc += getQs(componentIdx) * well_efficiency_factor_;
for (int pvIdx = 0; pvIdx < numWellEq; ++pvIdx) {
@ -731,11 +613,127 @@ namespace Opm
resWell_[0][componentIdx] += resWell_loc.value();
}
assembleControlEq();
// do the local inversion of D.
// we do this manually with invertMatrix to always get our
// specializations in for 3x3 and 4x4 matrices.
auto original = invDuneD_[0][0];
Dune::FMatrixHelp::invertMatrix(original, invDuneD_[0][0]);
Dune::ISTLUtility::invertMatrix(invDuneD_[0][0]);
}
template <typename TypeTag>
void
StandardWell<TypeTag>::
assembleControlEq()
{
EvalWell control_eq(0.0);
switch (well_controls_get_current_type(well_controls_)) {
case THP:
{
std::vector<EvalWell> rates(3, 0.);
if (FluidSystem::phaseIsActive(FluidSystem::waterPhaseIdx)) {
rates[ Water ] = getQs(flowPhaseToEbosCompIdx(Water));
}
if (FluidSystem::phaseIsActive(FluidSystem::oilPhaseIdx)) {
rates[ Oil ] = getQs(flowPhaseToEbosCompIdx(Oil));
}
if (FluidSystem::phaseIsActive(FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx)) {
rates[ Gas ] = getQs(flowPhaseToEbosCompIdx(Gas));
}
const int current = well_controls_get_current(well_controls_);
control_eq = getBhp() - calculateBhpFromThp(rates, current);
break;
}
case BHP:
{
const double target_bhp = well_controls_get_current_target(well_controls_);
control_eq = getBhp() - target_bhp;
break;
}
case SURFACE_RATE:
{
const double target_rate = well_controls_get_current_target(well_controls_); // surface rate target
if (well_type_ == INJECTOR) {
const WellInjectionProperties& injection = well_ecl_->getInjectionProperties(current_step_);
// only handles single phase injection now
assert(injection.injectorType != WellInjector::MULTI);
control_eq = getWQTotal() - target_rate;
} else if (well_type_ == PRODUCER) {
if (target_rate != 0.) {
EvalWell rate_for_control(0.);
const EvalWell& g_total = getWQTotal();
// a variable to check if we are producing any targeting fluids
double sum_fraction = 0.;
const double* distr = well_controls_get_current_distr(well_controls_);
for (int phase = 0; phase < number_of_phases_; ++phase) {
if (distr[phase] > 0.) {
const EvalWell fraction_scaled = wellVolumeFractionScaled(flowPhaseToEbosCompIdx(phase));
rate_for_control += g_total * fraction_scaled;
sum_fraction += fraction_scaled.value();
}
}
if (sum_fraction > 0.) {
control_eq = rate_for_control - target_rate;
} else {
// we are not producing any fluids that specfied for a non-zero target
// which makes it a mission impossible, we will set all the rates to be zero for this case
const std::string msg = " Setting all rates to be zero for well " + name()
+ " due to un-solvable situation. There is non-zero target for the phase "
+ " that does not exist in the wellbore for the situation";
OpmLog::warning("NON_SOLVABLE_WELL_SOLUTION", msg);
control_eq = getWQTotal() - target_rate;
}
} else {
// there is some special treatment for the zero rate control well
// 1. if the well can produce the specified phase, it means the well should not produce any fluid, this
// is a fine situation.
// 2. if the well can not produce the specified phase, it cause a under-determined problem, we
// basically assume the well not producing any fluid as a solution
// With both the situation, we can use the following well equation
control_eq = getWQTotal() - target_rate;
}
}
break;
}
case RESERVOIR_RATE:
{
const double target_rate = well_controls_get_current_target(well_controls_); // reservoir rate target
if (well_type_ == INJECTOR) {
const WellInjectionProperties& injection = well_ecl_->getInjectionProperties(current_step_);
// only handles single phase injection now
assert(injection.injectorType != WellInjector::MULTI);
const double* distr = well_controls_get_current_distr(well_controls_);
for (int phase = 0; phase < number_of_phases_; ++phase) {
if (distr[phase] > 0.0) {
control_eq = getWQTotal() * scalingFactor(phase) - target_rate;
break;
}
}
} else {
const EvalWell& g_total = getWQTotal();
EvalWell rate_for_control(0.0); // reservoir rate
for (int phase = 0; phase < number_of_phases_; ++phase) {
rate_for_control += g_total * wellVolumeFraction( flowPhaseToEbosCompIdx(phase) );
}
control_eq = rate_for_control - target_rate;
}
break;
}
default:
OPM_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Unknown well control control types for well " << name());
}
// using control_eq to update the matrix and residuals
// TODO: we should use a different index system for the well equations
resWell_[0][Bhp] = control_eq.value();
for (int pv_idx = 0; pv_idx < numWellEq; ++pv_idx) {
invDuneD_[0][0][Bhp][pv_idx] = control_eq.derivative(pv_idx + numEq);
}
}
@ -760,7 +758,7 @@ namespace Opm
const auto& intQuants = *(ebosSimulator.model().cachedIntensiveQuantities(cell_idx, /*timeIdx=*/0));
const auto& fs = intQuants.fluidState();
const EvalWell pressure = extendEval(fs.pressure(FluidSystem::oilPhaseIdx));
const EvalWell bhp = getBhp();
const EvalWell& bhp = getBhp();
// Pressure drawdown (also used to determine direction of flow)
const EvalWell well_pressure = bhp + perf_pressure_diffs_[perf];
@ -855,34 +853,71 @@ namespace Opm
updateWellState(const BVectorWell& dwells,
WellState& well_state) const
{
const int np = number_of_phases_;
const double dBHPLimit = param_.dbhp_max_rel_;
const double dFLimit = param_.dwell_fraction_max_;
const auto pu = phaseUsage();
updatePrimaryVariablesNewton(dwells, well_state);
const std::vector<double> xvar_well_old = primary_variables_;
updateWellStateFromPrimaryVariables(well_state);
}
template<typename TypeTag>
void
StandardWell<TypeTag>::
updatePrimaryVariablesNewton(const BVectorWell& dwells,
const WellState& well_state) const
{
const double dFLimit = param_.dwell_fraction_max_;
const std::vector<double> old_primary_variables = primary_variables_;
// update the second and third well variable (The flux fractions)
std::vector<double> F(np,0.0);
if (FluidSystem::phaseIsActive(FluidSystem::waterPhaseIdx)) {
const int sign2 = dwells[0][WFrac] > 0 ? 1: -1;
const double dx2_limited = sign2 * std::min(std::abs(dwells[0][WFrac]),dFLimit);
primary_variables_[WFrac] = xvar_well_old[WFrac] - dx2_limited;
primary_variables_[WFrac] = old_primary_variables[WFrac] - dx2_limited;
}
if (FluidSystem::phaseIsActive(FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx)) {
const int sign3 = dwells[0][GFrac] > 0 ? 1: -1;
const double dx3_limited = sign3 * std::min(std::abs(dwells[0][GFrac]),dFLimit);
primary_variables_[GFrac] = xvar_well_old[GFrac] - dx3_limited;
primary_variables_[GFrac] = old_primary_variables[GFrac] - dx3_limited;
}
if (has_solvent) {
const int sign4 = dwells[0][SFrac] > 0 ? 1: -1;
const double dx4_limited = sign4 * std::min(std::abs(dwells[0][SFrac]),dFLimit);
primary_variables_[SFrac] = xvar_well_old[SFrac] - dx4_limited;
primary_variables_[SFrac] = old_primary_variables[SFrac] - dx4_limited;
}
processFractions();
// updating the total rates G_t
primary_variables_[WQTotal] = old_primary_variables[WQTotal] - dwells[0][WQTotal];
// updating the bottom hole pressure
{
const double dBHPLimit = param_.dbhp_max_rel_;
const int sign1 = dwells[0][Bhp] > 0 ? 1: -1;
const double dx1_limited = sign1 * std::min(std::abs(dwells[0][Bhp]), std::abs(old_primary_variables[Bhp]) * dBHPLimit);
// 1e5 to make sure bhp will not be below 1bar
primary_variables_[Bhp] = std::max(old_primary_variables[Bhp] - dx1_limited, 1e5);
}
}
template<typename TypeTag>
void
StandardWell<TypeTag>::
processFractions() const
{
assert(FluidSystem::phaseIsActive(FluidSystem::oilPhaseIdx));
const auto pu = phaseUsage();
std::vector<double> F(number_of_phases_, 0.0);
F[pu.phase_pos[Oil]] = 1.0;
if (FluidSystem::phaseIsActive(FluidSystem::waterPhaseIdx)) {
@ -949,20 +984,50 @@ namespace Opm
if(has_solvent) {
primary_variables_[SFrac] = F_solvent;
}
}
// The interpretation of the first well variable depends on the well control
const WellControls* wc = well_controls_;
// TODO: we should only maintain one current control either from the well_state or from well_controls struct.
// Either one can be more favored depending on the final strategy for the initilzation of the well control
const int current = well_state.currentControls()[index_of_well_];
const double target_rate = well_controls_iget_target(wc, current);
for (int p = 0; p < np; ++p) {
template<typename TypeTag>
void
StandardWell<TypeTag>::
updateWellStateFromPrimaryVariables(WellState& well_state) const
{
const PhaseUsage& pu = phaseUsage();
assert( FluidSystem::phaseIsActive(FluidSystem::oilPhaseIdx) );
const int oil_pos = pu.phase_pos[Oil];
std::vector<double> F(number_of_phases_, 0.0);
F[oil_pos] = 1.0;
if ( FluidSystem::phaseIsActive(FluidSystem::waterPhaseIdx) ) {
const int water_pos = pu.phase_pos[Water];
F[water_pos] = primary_variables_[WFrac];
F[oil_pos] -= F[water_pos];
}
if ( FluidSystem::phaseIsActive(FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx) ) {
const int gas_pos = pu.phase_pos[Gas];
F[gas_pos] = primary_variables_[GFrac];
F[oil_pos] -= F[gas_pos];
}
double F_solvent = 0.0;
if (has_solvent) {
F_solvent = primary_variables_[SFrac];
F[oil_pos] -= F_solvent;
}
// convert the fractions to be Q_p / G_total to calculate the phase rates
for (int p = 0; p < number_of_phases_; ++p) {
const double scal = scalingFactor(p);
// for injection wells, there should only one non-zero scaling factor
if (scal > 0) {
F[p] /= scal ;
} else {
// this should only happens to injection wells
F[p] = 0.;
}
}
@ -974,117 +1039,50 @@ namespace Opm
F[pu.phase_pos[Gas]] += F_solvent;
}
switch (well_controls_iget_type(wc, current)) {
case THP: // The BHP and THP both uses the total rate as first well variable.
case BHP:
{
primary_variables_[XvarWell] = xvar_well_old[XvarWell] - dwells[0][XvarWell];
well_state.bhp()[index_of_well_] = primary_variables_[Bhp];
switch (well_type_) {
case INJECTOR:
for (int p = 0; p < np; ++p) {
const double comp_frac = comp_frac_[p];
well_state.wellRates()[index_of_well_ * np + p] = comp_frac * primary_variables_[XvarWell];
}
break;
case PRODUCER:
for (int p = 0; p < np; ++p) {
well_state.wellRates()[index_of_well_ * np + p] = primary_variables_[XvarWell] * F[p];
}
break;
}
if (well_controls_iget_type(wc, current) == THP) {
// Calculate bhp from thp control and well rates
std::vector<double> rates(3, 0.0); // the vfp related only supports three phases for the moment
const Opm::PhaseUsage& pu = phaseUsage();
if (FluidSystem::phaseIsActive(FluidSystem::waterPhaseIdx)) {
rates[ Water ] = well_state.wellRates()[index_of_well_ * np + pu.phase_pos[ Water ] ];
}
if (FluidSystem::phaseIsActive(FluidSystem::oilPhaseIdx)) {
rates[ Oil ]= well_state.wellRates()[index_of_well_ * np + pu.phase_pos[ Oil ] ];
}
if (FluidSystem::phaseIsActive(FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx)) {
rates[ Gas ]= well_state.wellRates()[index_of_well_ * np + pu.phase_pos[ Gas ] ];
}
well_state.bhp()[index_of_well_] = calculateBhpFromThp(rates, current);
}
// calculate the phase rates based on the primary variables
// for producers, this is not a problem, while not sure for injectors here
if (well_type_ == PRODUCER) {
const double g_total = primary_variables_[WQTotal];
for (int p = 0; p < number_of_phases_; ++p) {
well_state.wellRates()[index_of_well_ * number_of_phases_ + p] = g_total * F[p];
}
break;
case SURFACE_RATE: // Both rate controls use bhp as first well variable
case RESERVOIR_RATE:
{
const int sign1 = dwells[0][XvarWell] > 0 ? 1: -1;
const double dx1_limited = sign1 * std::min(std::abs(dwells[0][XvarWell]),std::abs(xvar_well_old[XvarWell])*dBHPLimit);
primary_variables_[XvarWell] = std::max(xvar_well_old[XvarWell] - dx1_limited,1e5);
well_state.bhp()[index_of_well_] = primary_variables_[XvarWell];
if (well_controls_iget_type(wc, current) == SURFACE_RATE) {
if (well_type_ == PRODUCER) {
double F_target = 0.0;
const double* distr = well_controls_iget_distr(wc, current);
for (int p = 0; p < np; ++p) {
F_target += distr[p] * F[p];
}
if (F_target > 0.) {
for (int p = 0; p < np; ++p) {
well_state.wellRates()[np * index_of_well_ + p] = F[p] * target_rate / F_target;
}
} else {
// F_target == 0., which creates some difficulties in term of handling things perfectly.
// The following are some temporary solution by putting all rates to be zero, while some better
// solution is required to analyze all the rate/bhp limits situation and give a more reasonable
// solution. However, it is still possible the situation is not solvable, which requires some
// test cases to find out good solution for these situation.
if (target_rate == 0.) { // zero target rate for producer
const std::string msg = " Setting all rates to be zero for well " + name()
+ " due to zero target rate for the phase that does not exist in the wellbore."
+ " however, there is no unique solution for the situation";
OpmLog::warning("NOT_UNIQUE_WELL_SOLUTION", msg);
} else {
const std::string msg = " Setting all rates to be zero for well " + name()
+ " due to un-solvable situation. There is non-zero target for the phase "
+ " that does not exist in the wellbore for the situation";
OpmLog::warning("NON_SOLVABLE_WELL_SOLUTION", msg);
}
for (int p = 0; p < np; ++p) {
well_state.wellRates()[np * index_of_well_ + p] = 0.;
}
}
} else {
for (int p = 0; p < np; ++p) {
well_state.wellRates()[index_of_well_ * np + p] = comp_frac_[p] * target_rate;
}
}
} else { // RESERVOIR_RATE
for (int p = 0; p < np; ++p) {
well_state.wellRates()[np * index_of_well_ + p] = F[p] * target_rate;
}
}
} else { // injectors
// TODO: using comp_frac_ here is very dangerous, since we do not update it based on the injection phase
// Either we use distr (might conflict with RESV related) or we update comp_frac_ based on the injection phase
for (int p = 0; p < number_of_phases_; ++p) {
const double comp_frac = comp_frac_[p];
well_state.wellRates()[index_of_well_ * number_of_phases_ + p] = comp_frac * primary_variables_[WQTotal];
}
break;
} // end of switch (well_controls_iget_type(wc, current))
}
updateThp(well_state);
}
template<typename TypeTag>
void
StandardWell<TypeTag>::
updateThp(WellState& well_state) const
{
// for the wells having a THP constaint, we should update their thp value
// If it is under THP control, it will be set to be the target value. Otherwise,
// the thp value will be calculated based on the bhp value, assuming the bhp value is correctly calculated.
// If it is under THP control, it will be set to be the target value.
// TODO: a better standard is probably whether we have the table to calculate the THP value
// TODO: it is something we need to check the output to decide.
const WellControls* wc = well_controls_;
// TODO: we should only maintain one current control either from the well_state or from well_controls struct.
// Either one can be more favored depending on the final strategy for the initilzation of the well control
const int nwc = well_controls_get_num(wc);
// Looping over all controls until we find a THP constraint
int ctrl_index = 0;
for ( ; ctrl_index < nwc; ++ctrl_index) {
for (int ctrl_index = 0; ctrl_index < nwc; ++ctrl_index) {
if (well_controls_iget_type(wc, ctrl_index) == THP) {
// the current control
const int current = well_state.currentControls()[index_of_well_];
// If under THP control at the moment
// if well under THP control at the moment
if (current == ctrl_index) {
const double thp_target = well_controls_iget_target(wc, current);
well_state.thp()[index_of_well_] = thp_target;
@ -1093,28 +1091,21 @@ namespace Opm
std::vector<double> rates(3, 0.0);
if (FluidSystem::phaseIsActive(FluidSystem::waterPhaseIdx)) {
rates[ Water ] = well_state.wellRates()[index_of_well_*np + pu.phase_pos[ Water ] ];
rates[ Water ] = well_state.wellRates()[index_of_well_ * number_of_phases_ + pu.phase_pos[ Water ] ];
}
if (FluidSystem::phaseIsActive(FluidSystem::oilPhaseIdx)) {
rates[ Oil ] = well_state.wellRates()[index_of_well_*np + pu.phase_pos[ Oil ] ];
rates[ Oil ] = well_state.wellRates()[index_of_well_ * number_of_phases_ + pu.phase_pos[ Oil ] ];
}
if (FluidSystem::phaseIsActive(FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx)) {
rates[ Gas ] = well_state.wellRates()[index_of_well_*np + pu.phase_pos[ Gas ] ];
rates[ Gas ] = well_state.wellRates()[index_of_well_ * number_of_phases_ + pu.phase_pos[ Gas ] ];
}
const double bhp = well_state.bhp()[index_of_well_];
well_state.thp()[index_of_well_] = calculateThpFromBhp(rates, ctrl_index, bhp);
}
// the THP control is found, we leave the loop now
break;
}
} // end of for loop for seaching THP constraints
// no THP constraint found
if (ctrl_index == nwc) { // not finding a THP contstraints
well_state.thp()[index_of_well_] = 0.0;
}
}
@ -1141,9 +1132,13 @@ namespace Opm
well_state.bhp()[well_index] = target;
// TODO: similar to the way below to handle THP
// we should not something related to thp here when there is thp constraint
// or when can calculate the THP (table avaiable or requested for output?)
break;
case THP: {
// TODO: this will be the big task here.
// p_bhp = BHP(THP, rates(p_bhp))
// more sophiscated techniques is required to obtain the bhp and rates here
well_state.thp()[well_index] = target;
const Opm::PhaseUsage& pu = phaseUsage();
@ -1198,12 +1193,12 @@ namespace Opm
}
if (original_rates_under_phase_control != 0.0 ) {
double scaling_factor = target / original_rates_under_phase_control;
const double scaling_factor = target / original_rates_under_phase_control;
for (int phase = 0; phase < np; ++phase) {
well_state.wellRates()[np * well_index + phase] *= scaling_factor;
}
} else { // scaling factor is not well defied when original_rates_under_phase_control is zero
} else { // scaling factor is not well defined when original_rates_under_phase_control is zero
// separating targets equally between phases under control
const double target_rate_divided = target / numPhasesWithTargetsUnderThisControl;
for (int phase = 0; phase < np; ++phase) {
@ -1501,12 +1496,10 @@ namespace Opm
const double tol_wells = param_.tolerance_wells_;
const double maxResidualAllowed = param_.max_residual_allowed_;
// TODO: it should be the number of numWellEq
// using num_components_ here for flow_ebos running 2p case.
std::vector<double> res(num_components_);
for (int comp = 0; comp < num_components_; ++comp) {
std::vector<double> res(numWellEq);
for (int eq_idx = 0; eq_idx < numWellEq; ++eq_idx) {
// magnitude of the residual matters
res[comp] = std::abs(resWell_[0][comp]);
res[eq_idx] = std::abs(resWell_[0][eq_idx]);
}
std::vector<double> well_flux_residual(num_components_);
@ -1541,11 +1534,44 @@ namespace Opm
}
}
// processing the residual of the well control equation
const double well_control_residual = res[numWellEq - 1];
// TODO: we should have better way to specify the control equation tolerance
double control_tolerance = 0.;
switch(well_controls_get_current_type(well_controls_)) {
case THP:
case BHP: // pressure type of control
control_tolerance = 1.e3; // 0.01 bar
break;
case RESERVOIR_RATE:
case SURFACE_RATE:
control_tolerance = 1.e-4; // smaller tolerance for rate control
break;
default:
OPM_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Unknown well control control types for well " << name());
}
const bool control_eq_converged = well_control_residual < control_tolerance;
if (std::isnan(well_control_residual)) {
report.nan_residual_found = true;
const typename ConvergenceReport::ProblemWell problem_well = {name(), "control"};
report.nan_residual_wells.push_back(problem_well);
} else {
// TODO: for pressure control equations, it can be pretty big during Newton iteration
if (well_control_residual > maxResidualAllowed * 10.) {
report.too_large_residual_found = true;
const typename ConvergenceReport::ProblemWell problem_well = {name(), "control"};
report.too_large_residual_wells.push_back(problem_well);
}
}
if ( !(report.nan_residual_found || report.too_large_residual_found) ) { // no abnormal residual value found
// check convergence
for ( int compIdx = 0; compIdx < num_components_; ++compIdx )
{
report.converged = report.converged && (well_flux_residual[compIdx] < tol_wells);
report.converged = report.converged && (well_flux_residual[compIdx] < tol_wells) && control_eq_converged;
}
} else { // abnormal values found and no need to check the convergence
report.converged = false;
@ -1648,9 +1674,7 @@ namespace Opm
StandardWell<TypeTag>::
computeAccumWell()
{
// TODO: it should be num_comp, while it also bring problem for
// the polymer case.
for (int eq_idx = 0; eq_idx < numWellEq; ++eq_idx) {
for (int eq_idx = 0; eq_idx < numWellConservationEq; ++eq_idx) {
F0_[eq_idx] = wellSurfaceVolumeFraction(eq_idx).value();
}
}
@ -1930,48 +1954,46 @@ namespace Opm
StandardWell<TypeTag>::
updatePrimaryVariables(const WellState& well_state) const
{
const int np = number_of_phases_;
const int well_index = index_of_well_;
const int np = number_of_phases_;
// the weighted total well rate
double total_well_rate = 0.0;
for (int p = 0; p < np; ++p) {
total_well_rate += scalingFactor(p) * well_state.wellRates()[np * well_index + p];
}
// Not: for the moment, the first primary variable for the injectors is not G_total. The injection rate
// under surface condition is used here
if (well_type_ == INJECTOR) {
primary_variables_[WQTotal] = 0.;
for (int p = 0; p < np; ++p) {
// TODO: the use of comp_frac_ here is dangerous, since the injection phase can be different from
// prefered phasse in WELSPECS, while comp_frac_ only reflect the one specified in WELSPECS
primary_variables_[WQTotal] += well_state.wellRates()[np * well_index + p] * comp_frac_[p];
}
} else {
for (int p = 0; p < np; ++p) {
primary_variables_[WQTotal] = total_well_rate;
}
}
const WellControls* wc = well_controls_;
const double* distr = well_controls_get_current_distr(wc);
const auto pu = phaseUsage();
switch (well_controls_get_current_type(wc)) {
case THP:
case BHP: {
primary_variables_[XvarWell] = 0.0;
if (well_type_ == INJECTOR) {
for (int p = 0; p < np; ++p) {
primary_variables_[XvarWell] += well_state.wellRates()[np*well_index + p] * comp_frac_[p];
}
} else {
for (int p = 0; p < np; ++p) {
primary_variables_[XvarWell] += scalingFactor(p) * well_state.wellRates()[np*well_index + p];
}
}
break;
}
case RESERVOIR_RATE: // Intentional fall-through
case SURFACE_RATE:
primary_variables_[XvarWell] = well_state.bhp()[well_index];
break;
} // end of switch
double tot_well_rate = 0.0;
for (int p = 0; p < np; ++p) {
tot_well_rate += scalingFactor(p) * well_state.wellRates()[np*well_index + p];
}
if(std::abs(tot_well_rate) > 0) {
if(std::abs(total_well_rate) > 0.) {
if (FluidSystem::phaseIsActive(FluidSystem::waterPhaseIdx)) {
primary_variables_[WFrac] = scalingFactor(pu.phase_pos[Water]) * well_state.wellRates()[np*well_index + pu.phase_pos[Water]] / tot_well_rate;
primary_variables_[WFrac] = scalingFactor(pu.phase_pos[Water]) * well_state.wellRates()[np*well_index + pu.phase_pos[Water]] / total_well_rate;
}
if (FluidSystem::phaseIsActive(FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx)) {
primary_variables_[GFrac] = scalingFactor(pu.phase_pos[Gas]) * (well_state.wellRates()[np*well_index + pu.phase_pos[Gas]] - well_state.solventWellRate(well_index)) / tot_well_rate ;
primary_variables_[GFrac] = scalingFactor(pu.phase_pos[Gas]) * (well_state.wellRates()[np*well_index + pu.phase_pos[Gas]] - well_state.solventWellRate(well_index)) / total_well_rate ;
}
if (has_solvent) {
primary_variables_[SFrac] = scalingFactor(pu.phase_pos[Gas]) * well_state.solventWellRate(well_index) / tot_well_rate ;
primary_variables_[SFrac] = scalingFactor(pu.phase_pos[Gas]) * well_state.solventWellRate(well_index) / total_well_rate ;
}
} else { // tot_well_rate == 0
} else { // total_well_rate == 0
if (well_type_ == INJECTOR) {
// only single phase injection handled
if (FluidSystem::phaseIsActive(FluidSystem::waterPhaseIdx)) {
@ -2008,6 +2030,10 @@ namespace Opm
OPM_THROW(std::logic_error, "Expected PRODUCER or INJECTOR type of well");
}
}
// BHP
primary_variables_[Bhp] = well_state.bhp()[index_of_well_];
}
@ -2038,6 +2064,7 @@ namespace Opm
const double& alq = well_controls_iget_alq(well_controls_, control_index);
// pick the density in the top layer
// TODO: it is possible it should be a Evaluation
const double rho = perf_densities_[0];
ValueType bhp = 0.;

1
opm/autodiff/StandardWells_impl.hpp
View File

@ -295,7 +295,6 @@ namespace Opm
rho += superset(fluid_->surfaceDensity(phase , well_cells), Span(nperf, pu.num_phases, phase), nperf*pu.num_phases);
}
surf_dens_perf.assign(rho.data(), rho.data() + nperf * pu.num_phases);
}

2
opm/autodiff/WellDensitySegmented.cpp
View File

@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
#include <numeric>
#include <cmath>
std::vector<double>
Opm::WellDensitySegmented::computeConnectionDensities(const Wells& wells,
const PhaseUsage& phase_usage,

16
opm/autodiff/WellStateFullyImplicitBlackoil.hpp
View File

@ -91,6 +91,17 @@ namespace Opm
well_dissolved_gas_rates_.resize(nw, 0.0);
well_vaporized_oil_rates_.resize(nw, 0.0);
is_new_well_.resize(nw, true);
if ( !prevState.wellMap().empty() ) {
const auto& end = prevState.wellMap().end();
for (int w = 0; w < nw; ++w) {
const auto& it = prevState.wellMap().find( wells->name[w]);
if (it != end) {
is_new_well_[w] = false;
}
}
}
// Ensure that we start out with zero rates by default.
perfphaserates_.clear();
perfphaserates_.resize(nperf * np, 0.0);
@ -121,8 +132,6 @@ namespace Opm
current_controls_[w] = well_controls_get_current(wells->ctrls[w]);
}
is_new_well_.resize(nw, true);
perfRateSolvent_.clear();
perfRateSolvent_.resize(nperf, 0.0);
@ -137,9 +146,6 @@ namespace Opm
const_iterator it = prevState.wellMap().find( name );
if( it != end )
{
// this is not a new added well
is_new_well_[w] = false;
const int oldIndex = (*it).second[ 0 ];
const int newIndex = w;

4
tests/test_wellmodel.cpp
View File

@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(TestBehavoir) {
BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(well->name(), "PROD1");
BOOST_CHECK(well->wellType() == PRODUCER);
BOOST_CHECK(well->numEq == 3);
BOOST_CHECK(well->numWellEq == 3);
BOOST_CHECK(well->numWellEq == 4);
const auto& wc = well->wellControls();
const int ctrl_num = well_controls_get_num(wc);
BOOST_CHECK(ctrl_num > 0);
@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(TestBehavoir) {
BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(well->name(), "INJE1");
BOOST_CHECK(well->wellType() == INJECTOR);
BOOST_CHECK(well->numEq == 3);
BOOST_CHECK(well->numWellEq == 3);
BOOST_CHECK(well->numWellEq == 4);
const auto& wc = well->wellControls();
const int ctrl_num = well_controls_get_num(wc);
BOOST_CHECK(ctrl_num > 0);