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595 lines
20 KiB
C++
595 lines
20 KiB
C++
// -*- mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*-
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// vi: set et ts=4 sw=4 sts=4:
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/*
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This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).
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OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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GNU General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with OPM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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Consult the COPYING file in the top-level source directory of this
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module for the precise wording of the license and the list of
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copyright holders.
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*/
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/*!
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* \file
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*
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* \copydoc Ewoms::WaterAirProblem
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*/
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#ifndef EWOMS_WATER_AIR_PROBLEM_HH
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#define EWOMS_WATER_AIR_PROBLEM_HH
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#include <ewoms/models/pvs/pvsproperties.hh>
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#include <ewoms/linear/parallelistlbackend.hh>
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#include <opm/material/fluidsystems/H2OAirFluidSystem.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidstates/ImmiscibleFluidState.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidstates/CompositionalFluidState.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/LinearMaterial.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/RegularizedBrooksCorey.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/EffToAbsLaw.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/MaterialTraits.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/thermal/ConstantSolidHeatCapLaw.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/thermal/SomertonThermalConductionLaw.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/constraintsolvers/ComputeFromReferencePhase.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/common/Unused.hpp>
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#include <dune/grid/yaspgrid.hh>
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#include <dune/grid/io/file/dgfparser/dgfyasp.hh>
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#include <dune/common/fvector.hh>
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#include <dune/common/fmatrix.hh>
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#include <dune/common/version.hh>
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#include <sstream>
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#include <string>
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namespace Ewoms {
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template <class TypeTag>
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class WaterAirProblem;
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}
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BEGIN_PROPERTIES
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NEW_TYPE_TAG(WaterAirBaseProblem);
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// Set the grid type
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SET_TYPE_PROP(WaterAirBaseProblem, Grid, Dune::YaspGrid<2>);
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// Set the problem property
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SET_TYPE_PROP(WaterAirBaseProblem, Problem, Ewoms::WaterAirProblem<TypeTag>);
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// Set the material Law
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SET_PROP(WaterAirBaseProblem, MaterialLaw)
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{
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private:
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Scalar) Scalar;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, FluidSystem) FluidSystem;
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typedef Opm::TwoPhaseMaterialTraits<Scalar,
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/*wettingPhaseIdx=*/FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx,
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/*nonWettingPhaseIdx=*/FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx> Traits;
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// define the material law which is parameterized by effective
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// saturations
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typedef Opm::RegularizedBrooksCorey<Traits> EffMaterialLaw;
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public:
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// define the material law parameterized by absolute saturations
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// which uses the two-phase API
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typedef Opm::EffToAbsLaw<EffMaterialLaw> type;
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};
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// Set the thermal conduction law
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SET_PROP(WaterAirBaseProblem, ThermalConductionLaw)
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{
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private:
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Scalar) Scalar;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, FluidSystem) FluidSystem;
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public:
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// define the material law parameterized by absolute saturations
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typedef Opm::SomertonThermalConductionLaw<FluidSystem, Scalar> type;
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};
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// set the energy storage law for the solid phase
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SET_TYPE_PROP(WaterAirBaseProblem, SolidEnergyLaw,
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Opm::ConstantSolidHeatCapLaw<typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Scalar)>);
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// Set the fluid system. in this case, we use the one which describes
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// air and water
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SET_TYPE_PROP(WaterAirBaseProblem, FluidSystem,
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Opm::H2OAirFluidSystem<typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Scalar)>);
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// Enable gravity
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SET_BOOL_PROP(WaterAirBaseProblem, EnableGravity, true);
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// Use forward differences instead of central differences
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SET_INT_PROP(WaterAirBaseProblem, NumericDifferenceMethod, +1);
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// Write newton convergence
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SET_BOOL_PROP(WaterAirBaseProblem, NewtonWriteConvergence, false);
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// The default for the end time of the simulation (1 year)
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SET_SCALAR_PROP(WaterAirBaseProblem, EndTime, 1.0 * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60);
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// The default for the initial time step size of the simulation
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SET_SCALAR_PROP(WaterAirBaseProblem, InitialTimeStepSize, 250);
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// The default DGF file to load
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SET_STRING_PROP(WaterAirBaseProblem, GridFile, "./data/waterair.dgf");
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// Use the restarted GMRES linear solver with the ILU-2 preconditioner from dune-istl
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SET_TAG_PROP(WaterAirBaseProblem, LinearSolverSplice, ParallelIstlLinearSolver);
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SET_TYPE_PROP(WaterAirBaseProblem, LinearSolverWrapper,
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Ewoms::Linear::SolverWrapperRestartedGMRes<TypeTag>);
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#if DUNE_VERSION_NEWER(DUNE_ISTL, 2,7)
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SET_TYPE_PROP(WaterAirBaseProblem, PreconditionerWrapper,
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Ewoms::Linear::PreconditionerWrapperILU<TypeTag>);
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#else
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SET_TYPE_PROP(WaterAirBaseProblem, PreconditionerWrapper,
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Ewoms::Linear::PreconditionerWrapperILUn<TypeTag>);
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#endif
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SET_INT_PROP(WaterAirBaseProblem, PreconditionerOrder, 2);
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END_PROPERTIES
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namespace Ewoms {
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/*!
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* \ingroup TestProblems
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* \brief Non-isothermal gas injection problem where a air
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* is injected into a fully water saturated medium.
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*
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* During buoyancy driven upward migration, the gas passes a
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* rectangular high temperature area. This decreases the temperature
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* of the high-temperature area and accelerates gas infiltration due
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* to the lower viscosity of the gas. (Be aware that the pressure of
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* the gas is approximately constant within the lens, so the density
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* of the gas is reduced. This more than off-sets the viscosity
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* increase of the gas at constant density.)
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*
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* The domain is sized 40 m times 40 m. The rectangular area with
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* increased temperature (380 K) starts at (20 m, 5 m) and ends at (30
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* m, 35 m).
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*
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* For the mass conservation equation, no-flow boundary conditions are
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* used on the top and on the bottom of the domain, while free-flow
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* conditions apply on the left and the right boundary. Gas is
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* injected at bottom from 15 m to 25 m at a rate of 0.001 kg/(s m^2)
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* by means if a forced inflow boundary condition.
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*
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* At the free-flow boundaries, the initial condition for the bulk
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* part of the domain is assumed, i. e. hydrostatic pressure, a gas
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* saturation of zero and a geothermal temperature gradient of 0.03
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* K/m.
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*/
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template <class TypeTag >
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class WaterAirProblem : public GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, BaseProblem)
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{
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, BaseProblem) ParentType;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Scalar) Scalar;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, GridView) GridView;
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// copy some indices for convenience
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, FluidSystem) FluidSystem;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Indices) Indices;
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enum {
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numPhases = FluidSystem::numPhases,
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// energy related indices
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temperatureIdx = Indices::temperatureIdx,
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energyEqIdx = Indices::energyEqIdx,
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// component indices
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H2OIdx = FluidSystem::H2OIdx,
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AirIdx = FluidSystem::AirIdx,
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// phase indices
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liquidPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx,
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gasPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx,
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// equation indices
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conti0EqIdx = Indices::conti0EqIdx,
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// Grid and world dimension
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dim = GridView::dimension,
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dimWorld = GridView::dimensionworld
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};
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static const bool enableEnergy = GET_PROP_VALUE(TypeTag, EnableEnergy);
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, EqVector) EqVector;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, RateVector) RateVector;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, BoundaryRateVector) BoundaryRateVector;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, PrimaryVariables) PrimaryVariables;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Constraints) Constraints;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Simulator) Simulator;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Model) Model;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, MaterialLaw) MaterialLaw;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, MaterialLawParams) MaterialLawParams;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, ThermalConductionLawParams) ThermalConductionLawParams;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, SolidEnergyLawParams) SolidEnergyLawParams;
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typedef typename GridView::ctype CoordScalar;
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typedef Dune::FieldVector<CoordScalar, dimWorld> GlobalPosition;
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typedef Dune::FieldMatrix<Scalar, dimWorld, dimWorld> DimMatrix;
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public:
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/*!
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* \copydoc Doxygen::defaultProblemConstructor
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*/
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WaterAirProblem(Simulator& simulator)
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: ParentType(simulator)
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{ }
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::finishInit
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*/
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void finishInit()
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{
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ParentType::finishInit();
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maxDepth_ = 1000.0; // [m]
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eps_ = 1e-6;
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FluidSystem::init(/*Tmin=*/275, /*Tmax=*/600, /*nT=*/100,
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/*pmin=*/9.5e6, /*pmax=*/10.5e6, /*np=*/200);
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layerBottom_ = 22.0;
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// intrinsic permeabilities
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fineK_ = this->toDimMatrix_(1e-13);
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coarseK_ = this->toDimMatrix_(1e-12);
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// porosities
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finePorosity_ = 0.3;
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coarsePorosity_ = 0.3;
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// residual saturations
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fineMaterialParams_.setResidualSaturation(liquidPhaseIdx, 0.2);
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fineMaterialParams_.setResidualSaturation(gasPhaseIdx, 0.0);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setResidualSaturation(liquidPhaseIdx, 0.2);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setResidualSaturation(gasPhaseIdx, 0.0);
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// parameters for the Brooks-Corey law
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fineMaterialParams_.setEntryPressure(1e4);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setEntryPressure(1e4);
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fineMaterialParams_.setLambda(2.0);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setLambda(2.0);
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fineMaterialParams_.finalize();
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coarseMaterialParams_.finalize();
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// parameters for the somerton law of thermal conduction
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computeThermalCondParams_(fineThermalCondParams_, finePorosity_);
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computeThermalCondParams_(coarseThermalCondParams_, coarsePorosity_);
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// assume constant volumetric heat capacity and granite
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solidEnergyLawParams_.setSolidHeatCapacity(790.0 // specific heat capacity of granite [J / (kg K)]
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* 2700.0); // density of granite [kg/m^3]
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solidEnergyLawParams_.finalize();
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}
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/*!
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* \name Problem parameters
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*/
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//! \{
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::name
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*/
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std::string name() const
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{
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std::ostringstream oss;
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oss << "waterair_" << Model::name();
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if (GET_PROP_VALUE(TypeTag, EnableEnergy))
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oss << "_ni";
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return oss.str();
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::endTimeStep
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*/
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void endTimeStep()
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{
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#ifndef NDEBUG
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// checkConservativeness() does not include the effect of constraints, so we
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// disable it for this problem...
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//this->model().checkConservativeness();
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// Calculate storage terms
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EqVector storage;
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this->model().globalStorage(storage);
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// Write mass balance information for rank 0
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if (this->gridView().comm().rank() == 0) {
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std::cout << "Storage: " << storage << std::endl << std::flush;
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}
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#endif // NDEBUG
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::intrinsicPermeability
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*
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* In this problem, the upper part of the domain is sightly less
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* permeable than the lower one.
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*/
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template <class Context>
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const DimMatrix& intrinsicPermeability(const Context& context, unsigned spaceIdx, unsigned timeIdx) const
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{
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const GlobalPosition& pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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if (isFineMaterial_(pos))
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return fineK_;
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return coarseK_;
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::porosity
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*/
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template <class Context>
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Scalar porosity(const Context& context, unsigned spaceIdx, unsigned timeIdx) const
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{
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const GlobalPosition& pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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if (isFineMaterial_(pos))
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return finePorosity_;
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else
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return coarsePorosity_;
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::materialLawParams
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*/
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template <class Context>
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const MaterialLawParams& materialLawParams(const Context& context,
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unsigned spaceIdx,
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unsigned timeIdx) const
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{
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const GlobalPosition& pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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if (isFineMaterial_(pos))
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return fineMaterialParams_;
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else
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return coarseMaterialParams_;
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}
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/*!
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* \brief Return the parameters for the energy storage law of the rock
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*
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* In this case, we assume the rock-matrix to be granite.
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*/
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template <class Context>
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const SolidEnergyLawParams&
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solidEnergyLawParams(const Context& context OPM_UNUSED,
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unsigned spaceIdx OPM_UNUSED,
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unsigned timeIdx OPM_UNUSED) const
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{ return solidEnergyLawParams_; }
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::thermalConductionParams
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*/
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template <class Context>
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const ThermalConductionLawParams&
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thermalConductionLawParams(const Context& context,
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unsigned spaceIdx,
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unsigned timeIdx) const
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{
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const GlobalPosition& pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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if (isFineMaterial_(pos))
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return fineThermalCondParams_;
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return coarseThermalCondParams_;
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}
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//! \}
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/*!
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* \name Boundary conditions
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*/
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//! \{
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::boundary
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*
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* For this problem, we inject air at the inlet on the center of
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* the lower domain boundary and use a no-flow condition on the
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* top boundary and a and a free-flow condition on the left and
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* right boundaries of the domain.
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*/
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template <class Context>
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void boundary(BoundaryRateVector& values,
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const Context& context,
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unsigned spaceIdx, unsigned timeIdx) const
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{
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const auto& pos = context.cvCenter(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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assert(onLeftBoundary_(pos) ||
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onLowerBoundary_(pos) ||
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onRightBoundary_(pos) ||
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onUpperBoundary_(pos));
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if (onInlet_(pos)) {
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RateVector massRate(0.0);
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massRate[conti0EqIdx + AirIdx] = -1e-3; // [kg/(m^2 s)]
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// impose an forced inflow boundary condition on the inlet
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values.setMassRate(massRate);
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if (enableEnergy) {
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Opm::CompositionalFluidState<Scalar, FluidSystem> fs;
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initialFluidState_(fs, context, spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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Scalar hl = fs.enthalpy(liquidPhaseIdx);
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Scalar hg = fs.enthalpy(gasPhaseIdx);
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values.setEnthalpyRate(values[conti0EqIdx + AirIdx] * hg +
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values[conti0EqIdx + H2OIdx] * hl);
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}
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}
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else if (onLeftBoundary_(pos) || onRightBoundary_(pos)) {
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Opm::CompositionalFluidState<Scalar, FluidSystem> fs;
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initialFluidState_(fs, context, spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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// impose an freeflow boundary condition
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values.setFreeFlow(context, spaceIdx, timeIdx, fs);
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}
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else
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// no flow on top and bottom
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values.setNoFlow();
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}
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//! \}
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/*!
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* \name Volumetric terms
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*/
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//! \{
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::initial
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*
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* For this problem, we set the medium to be fully saturated by
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* liquid water and assume hydrostatic pressure.
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*/
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template <class Context>
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void initial(PrimaryVariables& values,
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const Context& context,
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unsigned spaceIdx,
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unsigned timeIdx) const
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{
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Opm::CompositionalFluidState<Scalar, FluidSystem> fs;
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initialFluidState_(fs, context, spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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const auto& matParams = materialLawParams(context, spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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values.assignMassConservative(fs, matParams, /*inEquilibrium=*/true);
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::source
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*
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* For this problem, the source term of all components is 0
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* everywhere.
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*/
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template <class Context>
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void source(RateVector& rate,
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const Context& context OPM_UNUSED,
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unsigned spaceIdx OPM_UNUSED,
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unsigned timeIdx OPM_UNUSED) const
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{ rate = 0; }
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//! \}
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private:
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bool onLeftBoundary_(const GlobalPosition& pos) const
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{ return pos[0] < eps_; }
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bool onRightBoundary_(const GlobalPosition& pos) const
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{ return pos[0] > this->boundingBoxMax()[0] - eps_; }
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bool onLowerBoundary_(const GlobalPosition& pos) const
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{ return pos[1] < eps_; }
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bool onUpperBoundary_(const GlobalPosition& pos) const
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{ return pos[1] > this->boundingBoxMax()[1] - eps_; }
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bool onInlet_(const GlobalPosition& pos) const
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{ return onLowerBoundary_(pos) && (15.0 < pos[0]) && (pos[0] < 25.0); }
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bool inHighTemperatureRegion_(const GlobalPosition& pos) const
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{ return (20 < pos[0]) && (pos[0] < 30) && (pos[1] < 30); }
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template <class Context, class FluidState>
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void initialFluidState_(FluidState& fs,
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const Context& context,
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unsigned spaceIdx,
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unsigned timeIdx) const
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{
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const GlobalPosition& pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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|
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Scalar densityW = 1000.0;
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fs.setPressure(liquidPhaseIdx, 1e5 + (maxDepth_ - pos[1])*densityW*9.81);
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fs.setSaturation(liquidPhaseIdx, 1.0);
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fs.setMoleFraction(liquidPhaseIdx, H2OIdx, 1.0);
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fs.setMoleFraction(liquidPhaseIdx, AirIdx, 0.0);
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if (inHighTemperatureRegion_(pos))
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fs.setTemperature(380);
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else
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fs.setTemperature(283.0 + (maxDepth_ - pos[1])*0.03);
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// set the gas saturation and pressure
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fs.setSaturation(gasPhaseIdx, 0);
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Scalar pc[numPhases];
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const auto& matParams = materialLawParams(context, spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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MaterialLaw::capillaryPressures(pc, matParams, fs);
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fs.setPressure(gasPhaseIdx, fs.pressure(liquidPhaseIdx) + (pc[gasPhaseIdx] - pc[liquidPhaseIdx]));
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|
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typename FluidSystem::template ParameterCache<Scalar> paramCache;
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typedef Opm::ComputeFromReferencePhase<Scalar, FluidSystem> CFRP;
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CFRP::solve(fs, paramCache, liquidPhaseIdx, /*setViscosity=*/true, /*setEnthalpy=*/true);
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}
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void computeThermalCondParams_(ThermalConductionLawParams& params, Scalar poro)
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{
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Scalar lambdaGranite = 2.8; // [W / (K m)]
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|
|
|
// create a Fluid state which has all phases present
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Opm::ImmiscibleFluidState<Scalar, FluidSystem> fs;
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fs.setTemperature(293.15);
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for (unsigned phaseIdx = 0; phaseIdx < numPhases; ++phaseIdx) {
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fs.setPressure(phaseIdx, 1.0135e5);
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}
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|
|
|
typename FluidSystem::template ParameterCache<Scalar> paramCache;
|
|
paramCache.updateAll(fs);
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|
for (unsigned phaseIdx = 0; phaseIdx < numPhases; ++phaseIdx) {
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Scalar rho = FluidSystem::density(fs, paramCache, phaseIdx);
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fs.setDensity(phaseIdx, rho);
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}
|
|
|
|
for (unsigned phaseIdx = 0; phaseIdx < numPhases; ++phaseIdx) {
|
|
Scalar lambdaSaturated;
|
|
if (FluidSystem::isLiquid(phaseIdx)) {
|
|
Scalar lambdaFluid =
|
|
FluidSystem::thermalConductivity(fs, paramCache, phaseIdx);
|
|
lambdaSaturated = std::pow(lambdaGranite, (1-poro)) + std::pow(lambdaFluid, poro);
|
|
}
|
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else
|
|
lambdaSaturated = std::pow(lambdaGranite, (1-poro));
|
|
|
|
params.setFullySaturatedLambda(phaseIdx, lambdaSaturated);
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|
if (!FluidSystem::isLiquid(phaseIdx))
|
|
params.setVacuumLambda(lambdaSaturated);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
bool isFineMaterial_(const GlobalPosition& pos) const
|
|
{ return pos[dim-1] > layerBottom_; }
|
|
|
|
DimMatrix fineK_;
|
|
DimMatrix coarseK_;
|
|
Scalar layerBottom_;
|
|
|
|
Scalar finePorosity_;
|
|
Scalar coarsePorosity_;
|
|
|
|
MaterialLawParams fineMaterialParams_;
|
|
MaterialLawParams coarseMaterialParams_;
|
|
|
|
ThermalConductionLawParams fineThermalCondParams_;
|
|
ThermalConductionLawParams coarseThermalCondParams_;
|
|
SolidEnergyLawParams solidEnergyLawParams_;
|
|
|
|
Scalar maxDepth_;
|
|
Scalar eps_;
|
|
};
|
|
} // namespace Ewoms
|
|
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#endif
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