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388080231e
- remove stray AC_MSG_RESULT from DUMUX_CHECK_QUAD - slight reformulations of the usage message of test_2p - replace tabulators with four spaces - remove trailing whitespaceformating
395 lines
13 KiB
C++
395 lines
13 KiB
C++
// -*- mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*-
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// vi: set et ts=4 sw=4 sts=4:
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/*****************************************************************************
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* Copyright (C) 2009-2010 by Melanie Darcis *
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* Copyright (C) 2009-2010 by Andreas Lauser *
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* Institute for Modelling Hydraulic and Environmental Systems *
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* University of Stuttgart, Germany *
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* email: <givenname>.<name>@iws.uni-stuttgart.de *
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* *
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* This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify *
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* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by *
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* the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or *
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* (at your option) any later version. *
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* *
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* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, *
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* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of *
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* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the *
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* GNU General Public License for more details. *
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* *
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* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License *
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* along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. *
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*****************************************************************************/
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/*!
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* \file
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*
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* \ingroup Components
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*
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* \brief A class for the brine fluid properties,.
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*/
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#ifndef DUMUX_BRINE_HH
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#define DUMUX_BRINE_HH
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#include "component.hh"
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#include <cmath>
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namespace Dumux
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{
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/*!
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*
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* \ingroup Components
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*
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* \brief A class for the brine fluid properties.
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*
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* \tparam Scalar The type used for scalar values
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* \tparam H2O Static polymorphism: the Brine class can access all properties of the H2O class
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*/
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template <class Scalar, class H2O>
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class Brine : public Component<Scalar, Brine<Scalar, H2O> >
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{
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public:
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// HACKy
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static Scalar salinity;
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/*!
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* \brief A human readable name for the brine.
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*/
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static const char *name()
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{ return "Brine"; }
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/*!
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* \brief The molar mass in \f$\mathrm{[kg/mol]}\f$ of brine.
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*
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* This assumes that the salt is pure NaCl.
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*/
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static Scalar molarMass()
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{
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const Scalar M1 = H2O::molarMass();
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const Scalar M2 = 58e-3; // molar mass of NaCl [kg/mol]
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const Scalar X2 = salinity; // mass fraction of salt in brine
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return M1*M2/(M2 + X2*(M1 - M2));
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};
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/*!
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* \brief Returns the critical temperature \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ of brine.
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*/
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static Scalar criticalTemperature()
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{ return H2O::criticalTemperature(); /* [K] */ }
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/*!
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* \brief Returns the critical pressure \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ of brine.
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*/
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static Scalar criticalPressure()
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{ return H2O::criticalPressure(); /* [N/m^2] */ }
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/*!
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* \brief Returns the temperature \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$ at brine's triple point.
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*/
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static Scalar tripleTemperature()
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{ return H2O::tripleTemperature(); /* [K] */ }
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/*!
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* \brief Returns the pressure \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ at brine's triple point.
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*/
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static Scalar triplePressure()
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{ return H2O::triplePressure(); /* [N/m^2] */ }
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/*!
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* \brief The vapor pressure in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ of pure brine
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* at a given temperature.
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*
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* \param T temperature of component in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$
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*/
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static Scalar vaporPressure(Scalar T)
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{ return H2O::vaporPressure(T); /* [N/m^2] */ }
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/*!
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* \brief Specific enthalpy of gaseous brine \f$\mathrm{[J/kg]}\f$.
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*
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* \param temperature temperature of component in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$
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* \param pressure pressure of component in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$
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*/
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static const Scalar gasEnthalpy(Scalar temperature,
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Scalar pressure)
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{ return H2O::gasEnthalpy(temperature, pressure); /* [J/kg] */ }
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/*!
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* \brief Specific enthalpy of liquid brine \f$\mathrm{[J/kg]}\f$.
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*
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* \param T temperature of component in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$
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* \param p pressure of component in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$
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*
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* Equations given in: - Palliser & McKibbin 1997
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* - Michaelides 1981
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* - Daubert & Danner 1989
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*/
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static const Scalar liquidEnthalpy(Scalar T,
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Scalar p)
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{
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/*Numerical coefficents from PALLISER*/
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static const Scalar f[] = {
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2.63500E-1, 7.48368E-6, 1.44611E-6, -3.80860E-10
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};
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/*Numerical coefficents from MICHAELIDES for the enthalpy of brine*/
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static const Scalar a[4][3] = {
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{ -9633.6, -4080.0, +286.49 },
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{ +166.58, +68.577, -4.6856 },
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{ -0.90963, -0.36524, +0.249667E-1 },
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{ +0.17965E-2, +0.71924E-3, -0.4900E-4 }
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};
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Scalar theta, h_NaCl;
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Scalar m, h_ls, h_ls1, d_h;
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Scalar S_lSAT, delta_h;
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int i, j;
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Scalar hw;
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theta = T - 273.15;
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Scalar S = salinity;
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S_lSAT = f[0] + f[1]*theta + f[2]*pow(theta,2) + f[3]*pow(theta,3);
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/*Regularization*/
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if (S>S_lSAT) {
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S = S_lSAT;
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}
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hw = H2O::liquidEnthalpy(T, p)/1E3; /* kJ/kg */
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/*DAUBERT and DANNER*/
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/*U=*/h_NaCl = (3.6710E4*T + 0.5*(6.2770E1)*T*T - ((6.6670E-2)/3)*T*T*T
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+((2.8000E-5)/4)*pow(T,4))/(58.44E3)- 2.045698e+02; /* kJ/kg */
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m = (1E3/58.44)*(S/(1-S));
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i = 0;
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j = 0;
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d_h = 0;
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for (i = 0; i<=3; i++) {
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for (j=0; j<=2; j++) {
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d_h = d_h + a[i][j] * pow(theta, i) * pow(m, j);
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}
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}
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delta_h = (4.184/(1E3 + (58.44 * m)))*d_h;
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/* Enthalpy of brine */
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h_ls1 =(1-S)*hw + S*h_NaCl + S*delta_h; /* kJ/kg */
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h_ls = h_ls1*1E3; /*J/kg*/
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return (h_ls);
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}
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/*!
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* \brief Specific isobaric heat capacity of liquid water \f$\mathrm{[J/kg]}\f$.
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*
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* \param temperature temperature of component in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$
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* \param pressure pressure of component in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$
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*
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* See:
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*
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* IAPWS: "Revised Release on the IAPWS Industrial Formulation
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* 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam",
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* http://www.iapws.org/relguide/IF97-Rev.pdf
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*/
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static const Scalar liquidHeatCapacity(Scalar temperature,
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Scalar pressure)
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{
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Scalar eps = temperature*1e-8;
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return (liquidEnthalpy(temperature + eps, pressure) - liquidEnthalpy(temperature, pressure))/eps;
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};
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/*!
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* \brief Specific isobaric heat capacity of water steam \f$\mathrm{[J/kg]}\f$.
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*
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* \param temperature temperature of component in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$
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* \param pressure pressure of component in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$
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*
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* See:
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*
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* IAPWS: "Revised Release on the IAPWS Industrial Formulation
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* 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam",
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* http://www.iapws.org/relguide/IF97-Rev.pdf
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*/
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static const Scalar gasHeatCapacity(Scalar temperature,
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Scalar pressure)
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{
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return H2O::gasHeatCapacity(temperature, pressure);
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};
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/*!
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* \brief Specific internal energy of steam \f$\mathrm{[J/kg]}\f$.
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*
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* \param temperature temperature of component in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$
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* \param pressure pressure of component in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$
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*/
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static const Scalar gasInternalEnergy(Scalar temperature,
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Scalar pressure)
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{
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return
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gasEnthalpy(temperature, pressure) -
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pressure/gasDensity(temperature, pressure);
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}
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/*!
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* \brief Specific internal energy of liquid brine \f$\mathrm{[J/kg]}\f$.
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*
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* \param temperature temperature of component in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$
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* \param pressure pressure of component in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$
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*/
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static const Scalar liquidInternalEnergy(Scalar temperature,
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Scalar pressure)
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{
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return
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liquidEnthalpy(temperature, pressure) -
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pressure/liquidDensity(temperature, pressure);
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}
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/*!
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* \brief The density of steam at a given pressure and temperature \f$\mathrm{[kg/m^3]}\f$.
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*
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* \param temperature temperature of component in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$
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* \param pressure pressure of component in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$
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*/
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static Scalar gasDensity(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure)
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{ return H2O::gasDensity(temperature, pressure); }
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/*!
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* \brief Returns true iff the gas phase is assumed to be ideal
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*/
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static bool gasIsIdeal()
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{ return H2O::gasIsIdeal(); }
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/*!
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* \brief The density of pure brine at a given pressure and temperature \f$\mathrm{[kg/m^3]}\f$.
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*
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* \param temperature temperature of component in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$
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* \param pressure pressure of component in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$
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*
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* Equations given in: - Batzle & Wang (1992)
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* - cited by: Adams & Bachu in Geofluids (2002) 2, 257-271
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*/
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static Scalar liquidDensity(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure)
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{
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Scalar TempC = temperature - 273.15;
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Scalar pMPa = pressure/1.0E6;
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Scalar rhow = H2O::liquidDensity(temperature, pressure);
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return
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rhow +
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1000*salinity*(
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0.668 +
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0.44*salinity +
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1.0E-6*(
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300*pMPa -
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2400*pMPa*salinity +
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TempC*(
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80.0 -
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3*TempC -
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3300*salinity -
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13*pMPa +
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47*pMPa*salinity)));
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}
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/*!
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* \brief Returns true iff the gas phase is assumed to be compressible
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*/
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static bool gasIsCompressible()
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{ return H2O::gasIsCompressible(); }
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/*!
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* \brief Returns true iff the liquid phase is assumed to be compressible
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*/
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static bool liquidIsCompressible()
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{ return H2O::liquidIsCompressible(); }
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/*!
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* \brief The pressure of steam in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ at a given density and temperature.
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*
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* \param temperature temperature of component in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$
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* \param density denstiy of component in \f$\mathrm{[kg/m^3]}\f$
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*/
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static Scalar gasPressure(Scalar temperature, Scalar density)
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{ return H2O::gasPressure(temperature, density); }
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/*!
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* \brief The pressure of liquid water in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$ at a given density and
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* temperature.
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*
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* \param temperature temperature of component in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$
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* \param density density of component in \f$\mathrm{[kg/m^3]}\f$
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*/
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static Scalar liquidPressure(Scalar temperature, Scalar density)
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{
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// We use the newton method for this. For the initial value we
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// assume the pressure to be 10% higher than the vapor
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// pressure
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Scalar pressure = 1.1*vaporPressure(temperature);
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Scalar eps = pressure*1e-7;
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Scalar deltaP = pressure*2;
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for (int i = 0; i < 5 && std::abs(pressure*1e-9) < std::abs(deltaP); ++i) {
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Scalar f = liquidDensity(temperature, pressure) - density;
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Scalar df_dp;
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df_dp = liquidDensity(temperature, pressure + eps);
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df_dp -= liquidDensity(temperature, pressure - eps);
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df_dp /= 2*eps;
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deltaP = - f/df_dp;
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pressure += deltaP;
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}
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return pressure;
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}
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/*!
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* \brief The dynamic viscosity \f$\mathrm{[Pa*s]}\f$ of steam.
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*
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* \param temperature temperature of component
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* \param pressure pressure of component
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*/
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static Scalar gasViscosity(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure)
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{ return H2O::gasViscosity(temperature, pressure); };
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/*!
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* \brief The dynamic viscosity \f$\mathrm{[Pa*s]}\f$ of pure brine.
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*
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* \param temperature temperature of component in \f$\mathrm{[K]}\f$
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* \param pressure pressure of component in \f$\mathrm{[Pa]}\f$
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*
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* Equation given in: - Batzle & Wang (1992)
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* - cited by: Bachu & Adams (2002)
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* "Equations of State for basin geofluids"
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*/
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static Scalar liquidViscosity(Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure)
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{
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if(temperature <= 275.) // regularisation
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{ temperature = 275; }
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Scalar T_C = temperature - 273.15;
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Scalar A = (0.42*pow((pow(salinity, 0.8)-0.17), 2) + 0.045)*pow(T_C, 0.8);
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Scalar mu_brine = 0.1 + 0.333*salinity + (1.65+91.9*salinity*salinity*salinity)*exp(-A);
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return mu_brine/1000.0; /* unit: Pa s */
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}
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};
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/*!
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* \brief Default value for the salinity of the brine (dimensionless).
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*/
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template <class Scalar, class H2O>
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Scalar Brine<Scalar, H2O>::salinity = 0.1; // also needs to be adapted in CO2 solubility table!
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} // end namepace
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#endif
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