opm-simulators/examples/problems/cuvetteproblem.hh
2024-08-02 19:19:12 +02:00

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// -*- mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*-
// vi: set et ts=4 sw=4 sts=4:
/*
This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).
OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with OPM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Consult the COPYING file in the top-level source directory of this
module for the precise wording of the license and the list of
copyright holders.
*/
/*!
* \file
*
* \copydoc Opm::CuvetteProblem
*/
#ifndef EWOMS_CUVETTE_PROBLEM_HH
#define EWOMS_CUVETTE_PROBLEM_HH
#include <opm/models/pvs/pvsproperties.hh>
#include <opm/material/fluidstates/CompositionalFluidState.hpp>
#include <opm/material/fluidstates/ImmiscibleFluidState.hpp>
#include <opm/material/fluidsystems/H2OAirMesityleneFluidSystem.hpp>
#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/ThreePhaseParkerVanGenuchten.hpp>
#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/LinearMaterial.hpp>
#include <opm/material/thermal/ConstantSolidHeatCapLaw.hpp>
#include <opm/material/thermal/SomertonThermalConductionLaw.hpp>
#include <opm/material/constraintsolvers/MiscibleMultiPhaseComposition.hpp>
#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/MaterialTraits.hpp>
#include <opm/material/common/Valgrind.hpp>
#include <dune/grid/yaspgrid.hh>
#include <dune/grid/io/file/dgfparser/dgfyasp.hh>
#include <dune/common/version.hh>
#include <dune/common/fvector.hh>
#include <dune/common/fmatrix.hh>
#include <string>
namespace Opm {
template <class TypeTag>
class CuvetteProblem;
}
namespace Opm::Properties {
// create a new type tag for the cuvette steam injection problem
namespace TTag {
struct CuvetteBaseProblem {};
}
// Set the grid type
template<class TypeTag>
struct Grid<TypeTag, TTag::CuvetteBaseProblem> { using type = Dune::YaspGrid<2>; };
// Set the problem property
template<class TypeTag>
struct Problem<TypeTag, TTag::CuvetteBaseProblem> { using type = Opm::CuvetteProblem<TypeTag>; };
// Set the fluid system
template<class TypeTag>
struct FluidSystem<TypeTag, TTag::CuvetteBaseProblem>
{ using type = Opm::H2OAirMesityleneFluidSystem<GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Scalar>>; };
// Set the material Law
template<class TypeTag>
struct MaterialLaw<TypeTag, TTag::CuvetteBaseProblem>
{
private:
using Scalar = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Scalar>;
using FluidSystem = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::FluidSystem>;
using Traits = Opm::ThreePhaseMaterialTraits<
Scalar,
/*wettingPhaseIdx=*/FluidSystem::waterPhaseIdx,
/*nonWettingPhaseIdx=*/FluidSystem::naplPhaseIdx,
/*gasPhaseIdx=*/FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx>;
public:
using type = Opm::ThreePhaseParkerVanGenuchten<Traits>;
};
// set the energy storage law for the solid phase
template<class TypeTag>
struct SolidEnergyLaw<TypeTag, TTag::CuvetteBaseProblem>
{ using type = Opm::ConstantSolidHeatCapLaw<GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Scalar>>; };
// Set the thermal conduction law
template<class TypeTag>
struct ThermalConductionLaw<TypeTag, TTag::CuvetteBaseProblem>
{
private:
using Scalar = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Scalar>;
using FluidSystem = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::FluidSystem>;
public:
// define the material law parameterized by absolute saturations
using type = Opm::SomertonThermalConductionLaw<FluidSystem, Scalar>;
};
} // namespace Opm::Properties
namespace Opm::Parameters {
// Enable gravity
template<class TypeTag>
struct EnableGravity<TypeTag, Properties::TTag::CuvetteBaseProblem>
{ static constexpr bool value = true; };
// The default for the end time of the simulation
template<class TypeTag>
struct EndTime<TypeTag, Properties::TTag::CuvetteBaseProblem>
{
using type = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Scalar>;
static constexpr type value = 180;
};
// The default DGF file to load
template<class TypeTag>
struct GridFile<TypeTag, Properties::TTag::CuvetteBaseProblem>
{ static constexpr auto value = "./data/cuvette_11x4.dgf"; };
// The default for the initial time step size of the simulation
template<class TypeTag>
struct InitialTimeStepSize<TypeTag, Properties::TTag::CuvetteBaseProblem>
{
using type = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Scalar>;
static constexpr type value = 1;
};
// Set the maximum time step
template<class TypeTag>
struct MaxTimeStepSize<TypeTag, Properties::TTag::CuvetteBaseProblem>
{
using type = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Scalar>;
static constexpr type value = 600.;
};
} // namespace Opm::Parameters
namespace Opm {
/*!
* \ingroup TestProblems
*
* \brief Non-isothermal three-phase gas injection problem where a hot gas
* is injected into a unsaturated porous medium with a residually
* trapped NAPL contamination.
*
* The domain is a quasi-two-dimensional container (cuvette). Its
* dimensions are 1.5 m x 0.74 m. The top and bottom boundaries are
* closed, the right boundary is a free-flow boundary allowing fluids
* to escape. From the left, an injection of a hot water-air mixture
* is injected. The set-up is aimed at remediating an initial NAPL
* (Non-Aquoeus Phase Liquid) contamination in the domain. The
* contamination is initially placed partly into the ambient coarse
* sand and partly into a fine sand lens.
*
* This simulation can be varied through assigning different boundary conditions
* at the left boundary as described in Class (2001):
* Theorie und numerische Modellierung nichtisothermer Mehrphasenprozesse in
* NAPL-kontaminierten poroesen Medien, Dissertation, Eigenverlag des Instituts
* fuer Wasserbau
*
* To see the basic effect and the differences to scenarios with pure
* steam or pure air injection, it is sufficient to simulate this
* problem to about 2-3 hours simulation time. Complete remediation
* of the domain requires much longer (about 10 days simulated time).
*/
template <class TypeTag>
class CuvetteProblem : public GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::BaseProblem>
{
using ParentType = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::BaseProblem>;
using Scalar = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Scalar>;
using GridView = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::GridView>;
using MaterialLaw = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::MaterialLaw>;
using MaterialLawParams = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::MaterialLawParams>;
using ThermalConductionLawParams = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::ThermalConductionLawParams>;
using SolidEnergyLawParams = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::SolidEnergyLawParams>;
using EqVector = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::EqVector>;
using PrimaryVariables = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::PrimaryVariables>;
using RateVector = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::RateVector>;
using BoundaryRateVector = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::BoundaryRateVector>;
using Simulator = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Simulator>;
using Model = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Model>;
using FluidSystem = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::FluidSystem>;
// copy some indices for convenience
using Indices = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Indices>;
enum { numPhases = FluidSystem::numPhases };
enum { numComponents = FluidSystem::numComponents };
enum { waterPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::waterPhaseIdx };
enum { naplPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::naplPhaseIdx };
enum { gasPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx };
enum { H2OIdx = FluidSystem::H2OIdx };
enum { airIdx = FluidSystem::airIdx };
enum { NAPLIdx = FluidSystem::NAPLIdx };
enum { conti0EqIdx = Indices::conti0EqIdx };
// Grid and world dimension
enum { dimWorld = GridView::dimensionworld };
using CoordScalar = typename GridView::ctype;
using GlobalPosition = Dune::FieldVector<CoordScalar, dimWorld>;
using DimMatrix = Dune::FieldMatrix<Scalar, dimWorld, dimWorld>;
public:
/*!
* \copydoc Doxygen::defaultProblemConstructor
*/
CuvetteProblem(Simulator& simulator)
: ParentType(simulator)
, eps_(1e-6)
{ }
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::finishInit
*/
void finishInit()
{
ParentType::finishInit();
if (Opm::Valgrind::IsRunning())
FluidSystem::init(/*minT=*/283.15, /*maxT=*/500.0, /*nT=*/20,
/*minp=*/0.8e5, /*maxp=*/2e5, /*np=*/10);
else
FluidSystem::init(/*minT=*/283.15, /*maxT=*/500.0, /*nT=*/200,
/*minp=*/0.8e5, /*maxp=*/2e5, /*np=*/100);
// intrinsic permeabilities
fineK_ = this->toDimMatrix_(6.28e-12);
coarseK_ = this->toDimMatrix_(9.14e-10);
// porosities
finePorosity_ = 0.42;
coarsePorosity_ = 0.42;
// parameters for the capillary pressure law
#if 1
// three-phase Parker -- van Genuchten law
fineMaterialParams_.setVgAlpha(0.0005);
coarseMaterialParams_.setVgAlpha(0.005);
fineMaterialParams_.setVgN(4.0);
coarseMaterialParams_.setVgN(4.0);
coarseMaterialParams_.setkrRegardsSnr(true);
fineMaterialParams_.setkrRegardsSnr(true);
// residual saturations
fineMaterialParams_.setSwr(0.1201);
fineMaterialParams_.setSwrx(0.1201);
fineMaterialParams_.setSnr(0.0701);
fineMaterialParams_.setSgr(0.0101);
coarseMaterialParams_.setSwr(0.1201);
coarseMaterialParams_.setSwrx(0.1201);
coarseMaterialParams_.setSnr(0.0701);
coarseMaterialParams_.setSgr(0.0101);
#else
// linear material law
fineMaterialParams_.setPcMinSat(gasPhaseIdx, 0);
fineMaterialParams_.setPcMaxSat(gasPhaseIdx, 0);
fineMaterialParams_.setPcMinSat(naplPhaseIdx, 0);
fineMaterialParams_.setPcMaxSat(naplPhaseIdx, -1000);
fineMaterialParams_.setPcMinSat(waterPhaseIdx, 0);
fineMaterialParams_.setPcMaxSat(waterPhaseIdx, -10000);
coarseMaterialParams_.setPcMinSat(gasPhaseIdx, 0);
coarseMaterialParams_.setPcMaxSat(gasPhaseIdx, 0);
coarseMaterialParams_.setPcMinSat(naplPhaseIdx, 0);
coarseMaterialParams_.setPcMaxSat(naplPhaseIdx, -100);
coarseMaterialParams_.setPcMinSat(waterPhaseIdx, 0);
coarseMaterialParams_.setPcMaxSat(waterPhaseIdx, -1000);
// residual saturations
fineMaterialParams_.setResidSat(waterPhaseIdx, 0.1201);
fineMaterialParams_.setResidSat(naplPhaseIdx, 0.0701);
fineMaterialParams_.setResidSat(gasPhaseIdx, 0.0101);
coarseMaterialParams_.setResidSat(waterPhaseIdx, 0.1201);
coarseMaterialParams_.setResidSat(naplPhaseIdx, 0.0701);
coarseMaterialParams_.setResidSat(gasPhaseIdx, 0.0101);
#endif
fineMaterialParams_.finalize();
coarseMaterialParams_.finalize();
// initialize parameters for the thermal conduction law
computeThermalCondParams_(thermalCondParams_, finePorosity_);
// assume constant volumetric heat capacity and granite
solidEnergyLawParams_.setSolidHeatCapacity(790.0 // specific heat capacity of granite [J / (kg K)]
* 2700.0); // density of granite [kg/m^3]
solidEnergyLawParams_.finalize();
initInjectFluidState_();
}
/*!
* \name Auxiliary methods
*/
//! \{
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::shouldWriteRestartFile
*
* This problem writes a restart file after every time step.
*/
bool shouldWriteRestartFile() const
{ return true; }
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::name
*/
std::string name() const
{ return std::string("cuvette_") + Model::name(); }
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::endTimeStep
*/
void endTimeStep()
{
#ifndef NDEBUG
this->model().checkConservativeness();
// Calculate storage terms
EqVector storage;
this->model().globalStorage(storage);
// Write mass balance information for rank 0
if (this->gridView().comm().rank() == 0) {
std::cout << "Storage: " << storage << std::endl << std::flush;
}
#endif // NDEBUG
}
//! \}
/*!
* \name Soil parameters
*/
//! \{
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::temperature
*/
template <class Context>
Scalar temperature(const Context& /*context*/,
unsigned /*spaceIdx*/,
unsigned /*timeIdx*/) const
{ return 293.15; /* [K] */ }
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::intrinsicPermeability
*/
template <class Context>
const DimMatrix& intrinsicPermeability(const Context& context, unsigned spaceIdx,
unsigned timeIdx) const
{
const GlobalPosition& pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
if (isFineMaterial_(pos))
return fineK_;
return coarseK_;
}
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::porosity
*/
template <class Context>
Scalar porosity(const Context& context, unsigned spaceIdx, unsigned timeIdx) const
{
const GlobalPosition& pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
if (isFineMaterial_(pos))
return finePorosity_;
else
return coarsePorosity_;
}
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::materialLawParams
*/
template <class Context>
const MaterialLawParams& materialLawParams(const Context& context,
unsigned spaceIdx, unsigned timeIdx) const
{
const GlobalPosition& pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
if (isFineMaterial_(pos))
return fineMaterialParams_;
else
return coarseMaterialParams_;
}
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::thermalConductionParams
*/
template <class Context>
const ThermalConductionLawParams &
thermalConductionParams(const Context& /*context*/,
unsigned /*spaceIdx*/,
unsigned /*timeIdx*/) const
{ return thermalCondParams_; }
//! \}
/*!
* \name Boundary conditions
*/
//! \{
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::boundary
*/
template <class Context>
void boundary(BoundaryRateVector& values, const Context& context,
unsigned spaceIdx, unsigned timeIdx) const
{
const auto& pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
if (onRightBoundary_(pos)) {
Opm::CompositionalFluidState<Scalar, FluidSystem> fs;
initialFluidState_(fs, context, spaceIdx, timeIdx);
values.setFreeFlow(context, spaceIdx, timeIdx, fs);
values.setNoFlow();
}
else if (onLeftBoundary_(pos)) {
// injection
RateVector molarRate;
// inject with the same composition as the gas phase of
// the injection fluid state
Scalar molarInjectionRate = 0.3435; // [mol/(m^2 s)]
for (unsigned compIdx = 0; compIdx < numComponents; ++compIdx)
molarRate[conti0EqIdx + compIdx] =
-molarInjectionRate
* injectFluidState_.moleFraction(gasPhaseIdx, compIdx);
// calculate the total mass injection rate [kg / (m^2 s)
Scalar massInjectionRate =
molarInjectionRate
* injectFluidState_.averageMolarMass(gasPhaseIdx);
// set the boundary rate vector [J / (m^2 s)]
values.setMolarRate(molarRate);
values.setEnthalpyRate(-injectFluidState_.enthalpy(gasPhaseIdx) * massInjectionRate);
}
else
values.setNoFlow();
}
//! \}
/*!
* \name Volumetric terms
*/
//! \{
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::initial
*/
template <class Context>
void initial(PrimaryVariables& values, const Context& context, unsigned spaceIdx,
unsigned timeIdx) const
{
Opm::CompositionalFluidState<Scalar, FluidSystem> fs;
initialFluidState_(fs, context, spaceIdx, timeIdx);
const auto& matParams = materialLawParams(context, spaceIdx, timeIdx);
values.assignMassConservative(fs, matParams, /*inEquilibrium=*/false);
}
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::source
*
* For this problem, the source term of all components is 0
* everywhere.
*/
template <class Context>
void source(RateVector& rate,
const Context& /*context*/,
unsigned /*spaceIdx*/,
unsigned /*timeIdx*/) const
{ rate = Scalar(0.0); }
//! \}
private:
bool onLeftBoundary_(const GlobalPosition& pos) const
{ return pos[0] < eps_; }
bool onRightBoundary_(const GlobalPosition& pos) const
{ return pos[0] > this->boundingBoxMax()[0] - eps_; }
bool onLowerBoundary_(const GlobalPosition& pos) const
{ return pos[1] < eps_; }
bool onUpperBoundary_(const GlobalPosition& pos) const
{ return pos[1] > this->boundingBoxMax()[1] - eps_; }
bool isContaminated_(const GlobalPosition& pos) const
{
return (0.20 <= pos[0]) && (pos[0] <= 0.80) && (0.4 <= pos[1])
&& (pos[1] <= 0.65);
}
bool isFineMaterial_(const GlobalPosition& pos) const
{
if (0.13 <= pos[0] && 1.20 >= pos[0] && 0.32 <= pos[1] && pos[1] <= 0.57)
return true;
else if (pos[1] <= 0.15 && 1.20 <= pos[0])
return true;
else
return false;
}
template <class FluidState, class Context>
void initialFluidState_(FluidState& fs, const Context& context,
unsigned spaceIdx, unsigned timeIdx) const
{
const GlobalPosition& pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
fs.setTemperature(293.0 /*[K]*/);
Scalar pw = 1e5;
if (isContaminated_(pos)) {
fs.setSaturation(waterPhaseIdx, 0.12);
fs.setSaturation(naplPhaseIdx, 0.07);
fs.setSaturation(gasPhaseIdx, 1 - 0.12 - 0.07);
// set the capillary pressures
const auto& matParams = materialLawParams(context, spaceIdx, timeIdx);
Scalar pc[numPhases];
MaterialLaw::capillaryPressures(pc, matParams, fs);
for (unsigned phaseIdx = 0; phaseIdx < numPhases; ++phaseIdx)
fs.setPressure(phaseIdx, pw + (pc[phaseIdx] - pc[waterPhaseIdx]));
// compute the phase compositions
using MMPC = Opm::MiscibleMultiPhaseComposition<Scalar, FluidSystem>;
typename FluidSystem::template ParameterCache<Scalar> paramCache;
MMPC::solve(fs, paramCache, /*setViscosity=*/true, /*setEnthalpy=*/true);
}
else {
fs.setSaturation(waterPhaseIdx, 0.12);
fs.setSaturation(gasPhaseIdx, 1 - fs.saturation(waterPhaseIdx));
fs.setSaturation(naplPhaseIdx, 0);
// set the capillary pressures
const auto& matParams = materialLawParams(context, spaceIdx, timeIdx);
Scalar pc[numPhases];
MaterialLaw::capillaryPressures(pc, matParams, fs);
for (unsigned phaseIdx = 0; phaseIdx < numPhases; ++phaseIdx)
fs.setPressure(phaseIdx, pw + (pc[phaseIdx] - pc[waterPhaseIdx]));
// compute the phase compositions
using MMPC = Opm::MiscibleMultiPhaseComposition<Scalar, FluidSystem>;
typename FluidSystem::template ParameterCache<Scalar> paramCache;
MMPC::solve(fs, paramCache, /*setViscosity=*/true, /*setEnthalpy=*/true);
// set the contaminant mole fractions to zero. this is a little bit hacky...
for (unsigned phaseIdx = 0; phaseIdx < numPhases; ++phaseIdx) {
fs.setMoleFraction(phaseIdx, NAPLIdx, 0.0);
if (phaseIdx == naplPhaseIdx)
continue;
Scalar sumx = 0;
for (unsigned compIdx = 0; compIdx < numComponents; ++compIdx)
sumx += fs.moleFraction(phaseIdx, compIdx);
for (unsigned compIdx = 0; compIdx < numComponents; ++compIdx)
fs.setMoleFraction(phaseIdx, compIdx,
fs.moleFraction(phaseIdx, compIdx) / sumx);
}
}
}
void computeThermalCondParams_(ThermalConductionLawParams& params, Scalar poro)
{
Scalar lambdaGranite = 2.8; // [W / (K m)]
// create a Fluid state which has all phases present
Opm::ImmiscibleFluidState<Scalar, FluidSystem> fs;
fs.setTemperature(293.15);
for (unsigned phaseIdx = 0; phaseIdx < numPhases; ++phaseIdx) {
fs.setPressure(phaseIdx, 1.0135e5);
}
typename FluidSystem::template ParameterCache<Scalar> paramCache;
paramCache.updateAll(fs);
for (unsigned phaseIdx = 0; phaseIdx < numPhases; ++phaseIdx) {
Scalar rho = FluidSystem::density(fs, paramCache, phaseIdx);
fs.setDensity(phaseIdx, rho);
}
for (unsigned phaseIdx = 0; phaseIdx < numPhases; ++phaseIdx) {
Scalar lambdaSaturated;
if (FluidSystem::isLiquid(phaseIdx)) {
Scalar lambdaFluid = FluidSystem::thermalConductivity(fs, paramCache, phaseIdx);
lambdaSaturated =
std::pow(lambdaGranite, (1 - poro))
+
std::pow(lambdaFluid, poro);
}
else
lambdaSaturated = std::pow(lambdaGranite, (1 - poro));
params.setFullySaturatedLambda(phaseIdx, lambdaSaturated);
if (!FluidSystem::isLiquid(phaseIdx))
params.setVacuumLambda(lambdaSaturated);
}
}
void initInjectFluidState_()
{
injectFluidState_.setTemperature(383.0); // [K]
injectFluidState_.setPressure(gasPhaseIdx, 1e5); // [Pa]
injectFluidState_.setSaturation(gasPhaseIdx, 1.0); // [-]
Scalar xgH2O = 0.417;
injectFluidState_.setMoleFraction(gasPhaseIdx, H2OIdx, xgH2O); // [-]
injectFluidState_.setMoleFraction(gasPhaseIdx, airIdx, 1 - xgH2O); // [-]
injectFluidState_.setMoleFraction(gasPhaseIdx, NAPLIdx, 0.0); // [-]
// set the specific enthalpy of the gas phase
typename FluidSystem::template ParameterCache<Scalar> paramCache;
paramCache.updatePhase(injectFluidState_, gasPhaseIdx);
Scalar h = FluidSystem::enthalpy(injectFluidState_, paramCache, gasPhaseIdx);
injectFluidState_.setEnthalpy(gasPhaseIdx, h);
}
DimMatrix fineK_;
DimMatrix coarseK_;
Scalar finePorosity_;
Scalar coarsePorosity_;
MaterialLawParams fineMaterialParams_;
MaterialLawParams coarseMaterialParams_;
ThermalConductionLawParams thermalCondParams_;
SolidEnergyLawParams solidEnergyLawParams_;
Opm::CompositionalFluidState<Scalar, FluidSystem> injectFluidState_;
const Scalar eps_;
};
} // namespace Opm
#endif