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opm-simulators/opm/core/wells/WellsManager.cpp

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/*
Copyright 2012 SINTEF ICT, Applied Mathematics.
This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).
OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with OPM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
#include "config.h"
#include <opm/core/wells/WellsManager.hpp>
#include <opm/core/grid.h>
#include <opm/core/wells.h>
#include <opm/core/well_controls.h>
#include <opm/core/utility/ErrorMacros.hpp>
#include <opm/core/wells/WellCollection.hpp>
#include <opm/core/props/phaseUsageFromDeck.hpp>
#include <opm/parser/eclipse/EclipseState/Schedule/ScheduleEnums.hpp>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstddef>
#include <map>
#include <string>
#include <utility>
#include <iostream>
// Helper structs and functions for the implementation.
namespace WellsManagerDetail
{
namespace ProductionControl
{
namespace Details {
std::map<std::string, Mode>
init_mode_map() {
std::map<std::string, Mode> m;
m.insert(std::make_pair("ORAT", ORAT));
m.insert(std::make_pair("WRAT", WRAT));
m.insert(std::make_pair("GRAT", GRAT));
m.insert(std::make_pair("LRAT", LRAT));
m.insert(std::make_pair("CRAT", CRAT));
m.insert(std::make_pair("RESV", RESV));
m.insert(std::make_pair("BHP" , BHP ));
m.insert(std::make_pair("THP" , THP ));
m.insert(std::make_pair("GRUP", GRUP));
return m;
}
} // namespace Details
Mode mode(const std::string& control)
{
static std::map<std::string, Mode>
mode_map = Details::init_mode_map();
std::map<std::string, Mode>::iterator
p = mode_map.find(control);
if (p != mode_map.end()) {
return p->second;
}
else {
OPM_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Unknown well control mode = "
<< control << " in input file");
}
}
Mode mode(Opm::WellProducer::ControlModeEnum controlMode)
{
switch( controlMode ) {
case Opm::WellProducer::ORAT:
return ORAT;
case Opm::WellProducer::WRAT:
return WRAT;
case Opm::WellProducer::GRAT:
return GRAT;
case Opm::WellProducer::LRAT:
return LRAT;
case Opm::WellProducer::CRAT:
return CRAT;
case Opm::WellProducer::RESV:
return RESV;
case Opm::WellProducer::BHP:
return BHP;
case Opm::WellProducer::THP:
return THP;
case Opm::WellProducer::GRUP:
return GRUP;
default:
throw std::invalid_argument("unhandled enum value");
}
}
} // namespace ProductionControl
namespace InjectionControl
{
namespace Details {
std::map<std::string, Mode>
init_mode_map() {
std::map<std::string, Mode> m;
m.insert(std::make_pair("RATE", RATE));
m.insert(std::make_pair("RESV", RESV));
m.insert(std::make_pair("BHP" , BHP ));
m.insert(std::make_pair("THP" , THP ));
m.insert(std::make_pair("GRUP", GRUP));
return m;
}
} // namespace Details
Mode mode(const std::string& control)
{
static std::map<std::string, Mode>
mode_map = Details::init_mode_map();
std::map<std::string, Mode>::iterator
p = mode_map.find(control);
if (p != mode_map.end()) {
return p->second;
}
else {
OPM_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Unknown well control mode = "
<< control << " in input file");
}
}
Mode mode(Opm::WellInjector::ControlModeEnum controlMode)
{
switch ( controlMode ) {
case Opm::WellInjector::GRUP:
return GRUP;
case Opm::WellInjector::RESV:
return RESV;
case Opm::WellInjector::RATE:
return RATE;
case Opm::WellInjector::THP:
return THP;
case Opm::WellInjector::BHP:
return BHP;
default:
throw std::invalid_argument("unhandled enum value");
}
}
} // namespace InjectionControl
// Use the Peaceman well model to compute well indices.
// radius is the radius of the well.
// cubical contains [dx, dy, dz] of the cell.
// (Note that the well model asumes that each cell is a cuboid).
// cell_permeability is the permeability tensor of the given cell.
// returns the well index of the cell.
double computeWellIndex(const double radius,
const std::array<double, 3>& cubical,
const double* cell_permeability,
const double skin_factor)
{
using namespace std;
// sse: Using the Peaceman model.
// NOTE: The formula is valid for cartesian grids, so the result can be a bit
// (in worst case: there is no upper bound for the error) off the mark.
const double permx = cell_permeability[0];
const double permy = cell_permeability[3*1 + 1];
double effective_perm = sqrt(permx*permy);
// sse: The formula for r_0 can be found on page 39 of
// "Well Models for Mimetic Finite Differerence Methods and Improved Representation
// of Wells in Multiscale Methods" by Ingeborg Skjelkvåle Ligaarden.
assert(permx > 0.0);
assert(permy > 0.0);
double kxoy = permx / permy;
double kyox = permy / permx;
double r0_denominator = pow(kyox, 0.25) + pow(kxoy, 0.25);
double r0_numerator = sqrt((sqrt(kyox)*cubical[0]*cubical[0]) +
(sqrt(kxoy)*cubical[1]*cubical[1]));
assert(r0_denominator > 0.0);
double r0 = 0.28 * r0_numerator / r0_denominator;
assert(radius > 0.0);
assert(r0 > 0.0);
if (r0 < radius) {
std::cout << "ERROR: Too big well radius detected.";
std::cout << "Specified well radius is " << radius
<< " while r0 is " << r0 << ".\n";
}
const long double two_pi = 6.2831853071795864769252867665590057683943387987502116419498;
double wi_denominator = log(r0 / radius) + skin_factor;
double wi_numerator = two_pi * cubical[2];
assert(wi_denominator > 0.0);
double wi = effective_perm * wi_numerator / wi_denominator;
assert(wi > 0.0);
return wi;
}
} // anonymous namespace
namespace Opm
{
/// Default constructor.
WellsManager::WellsManager()
: w_(0)
{
}
/// Construct from existing wells object.
WellsManager::WellsManager(struct Wells* W)
: w_(clone_wells(W))
{
}
/// Construct wells from deck.
WellsManager::WellsManager(const Opm::EclipseStateConstPtr eclipseState,
const size_t timeStep,
const UnstructuredGrid& grid,
const double* permeability)
: w_(0)
{
init(eclipseState, timeStep, UgGridHelpers::numCells(grid),
UgGridHelpers::globalCell(grid), UgGridHelpers::cartDims(grid),
UgGridHelpers::dimensions(grid), UgGridHelpers::beginCellCentroids(grid),
UgGridHelpers::cell2Faces(grid), UgGridHelpers::beginFaceCentroids(grid),
permeability);
}
/// Destructor.
WellsManager::~WellsManager()
{
destroy_wells(w_);
}
/// Does the "deck" define any wells?
bool WellsManager::empty() const
{
return (w_ == 0) || (w_->number_of_wells == 0);
}
/// Access the managed Wells.
/// The method is named similarly to c_str() in std::string,
/// to make it clear that we are returning a C-compatible struct.
const Wells* WellsManager::c_wells() const
{
return w_;
}
const WellCollection& WellsManager::wellCollection() const
{
return well_collection_;
}
bool WellsManager::conditionsMet(const std::vector<double>& well_bhp,
const std::vector<double>& well_reservoirrates_phase,
const std::vector<double>& well_surfacerates_phase)
{
return well_collection_.conditionsMet(well_bhp,
well_reservoirrates_phase,
well_surfacerates_phase);
}
/// Applies explicit reinjection controls. This must be called at each timestep to be correct.
/// \param[in] well_reservoirrates_phase
/// A vector containing reservoir rates by phase for each well.
/// Is assumed to be ordered the same way as the related Wells-struct,
/// with all phase rates of a single well adjacent in the array.
/// \param[in] well_surfacerates_phase
/// A vector containing surface rates by phase for each well.
/// Is assumed to be ordered the same way as the related Wells-struct,
/// with all phase rates of a single well adjacent in the array.
void WellsManager::applyExplicitReinjectionControls(const std::vector<double>& well_reservoirrates_phase,
const std::vector<double>& well_surfacerates_phase)
{
well_collection_.applyExplicitReinjectionControls(well_reservoirrates_phase, well_surfacerates_phase);
}
void WellsManager::setupCompressedToCartesian(const int* global_cell, int number_of_cells,
std::map<int,int>& cartesian_to_compressed ) {
// global_cell is a map from compressed cells to Cartesian grid cells.
// We must make the inverse lookup.
if (global_cell) {
for (int i = 0; i < number_of_cells; ++i) {
cartesian_to_compressed.insert(std::make_pair(global_cell[i], i));
}
}
else {
for (int i = 0; i < number_of_cells; ++i) {
cartesian_to_compressed.insert(std::make_pair(i, i));
}
}
}
void WellsManager::setupWellControls(std::vector<WellConstPtr>& wells, size_t timeStep,
std::vector<std::string>& well_names, const PhaseUsage& phaseUsage) {
int well_index = 0;
for (auto wellIter= wells.begin(); wellIter != wells.end(); ++wellIter) {
WellConstPtr well = (*wellIter);
if ( !( well->getStatus( timeStep ) == WellCommon::SHUT || well->getStatus( timeStep ) == WellCommon::OPEN) ) {
OPM_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Currently we do not support well status " << WellCommon::Status2String(well->getStatus( timeStep )));
}
if (well->isInjector(timeStep)) {
const WellInjectionProperties& injectionProperties = well->getInjectionProperties(timeStep);
int ok = 1;
int control_pos[5] = { -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 };
clear_well_controls(well_index, w_);
if (injectionProperties.hasInjectionControl(WellInjector::RATE)) {
control_pos[WellsManagerDetail::InjectionControl::RATE] = well_controls_get_num(w_->ctrls[well_index]);
double distr[3] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
WellInjector::TypeEnum injectorType = injectionProperties.injectorType;
if (injectorType == WellInjector::TypeEnum::WATER) {
distr[phaseUsage.phase_pos[BlackoilPhases::Aqua]] = 1.0;
} else if (injectorType == WellInjector::TypeEnum::OIL) {
distr[phaseUsage.phase_pos[BlackoilPhases::Liquid]] = 1.0;
} else if (injectorType == WellInjector::TypeEnum::GAS) {
distr[phaseUsage.phase_pos[BlackoilPhases::Vapour]] = 1.0;
}
ok = append_well_controls(SURFACE_RATE,
injectionProperties.surfaceInjectionRate,
distr,
well_index,
w_);
}
if (ok && injectionProperties.hasInjectionControl(WellInjector::RESV)) {
control_pos[WellsManagerDetail::InjectionControl::RESV] = well_controls_get_num(w_->ctrls[well_index]);
double distr[3] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
WellInjector::TypeEnum injectorType = injectionProperties.injectorType;
if (injectorType == WellInjector::TypeEnum::WATER) {
distr[phaseUsage.phase_pos[BlackoilPhases::Aqua]] = 1.0;
} else if (injectorType == WellInjector::TypeEnum::OIL) {
distr[phaseUsage.phase_pos[BlackoilPhases::Liquid]] = 1.0;
} else if (injectorType == WellInjector::TypeEnum::GAS) {
distr[phaseUsage.phase_pos[BlackoilPhases::Vapour]] = 1.0;
}
ok = append_well_controls(RESERVOIR_RATE,
injectionProperties.reservoirInjectionRate,
distr,
well_index,
w_);
}
if (ok && injectionProperties.hasInjectionControl(WellInjector::BHP)) {
control_pos[WellsManagerDetail::InjectionControl::BHP] = well_controls_get_num(w_->ctrls[well_index]);
control_pos[WellsManagerDetail::InjectionControl::BHP] = well_controls_get_num(w_->ctrls[well_index]);
ok = append_well_controls(BHP,
injectionProperties.BHPLimit,
NULL,
well_index,
w_);
}
if (ok && injectionProperties.hasInjectionControl(WellInjector::THP)) {
OPM_THROW(std::runtime_error, "We cannot handle THP limit for well " << well_names[well_index]);
}
if (!ok) {
OPM_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Failure occured appending controls for well " << well_names[well_index]);
}
{
WellsManagerDetail::InjectionControl::Mode mode = WellsManagerDetail::InjectionControl::mode( injectionProperties.controlMode );
int cpos = control_pos[mode];
if (cpos == -1 && mode != WellsManagerDetail::InjectionControl::GRUP) {
OPM_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Control not specified in well " << well_names[well_index]);
}
// We need to check if the well is shut or not
if (well->getStatus( timeStep ) == WellCommon::SHUT) {
well_controls_shut_well( w_->ctrls[well_index] );
}
set_current_control(well_index, cpos, w_);
}
// Set well component fraction.
double cf[3] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
{
WellInjector::TypeEnum injectorType = injectionProperties.injectorType;
if (injectorType == WellInjector::WATER) {
if (!phaseUsage.phase_used[BlackoilPhases::Aqua]) {
OPM_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Water phase not used, yet found water-injecting well.");
}
cf[phaseUsage.phase_pos[BlackoilPhases::Aqua]] = 1.0;
} else if (injectorType == WellInjector::OIL) {
if (!phaseUsage.phase_used[BlackoilPhases::Liquid]) {
OPM_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Oil phase not used, yet found oil-injecting well.");
}
cf[phaseUsage.phase_pos[BlackoilPhases::Liquid]] = 1.0;
} else if (injectorType == WellInjector::GAS) {
if (!phaseUsage.phase_used[BlackoilPhases::Vapour]) {
OPM_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Gas phase not used, yet found gas-injecting well.");
}
cf[phaseUsage.phase_pos[BlackoilPhases::Vapour]] = 1.0;
}
std::copy(cf, cf + phaseUsage.num_phases, w_->comp_frac + well_index*phaseUsage.num_phases);
}
}
if (well->isProducer(timeStep)) {
// Add all controls that are present in well.
// First we must clear existing controls, in case the
// current WCONPROD line is modifying earlier controls.
const WellProductionProperties& productionProperties = well->getProductionProperties(timeStep);
int control_pos[9] = { -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 };
int ok = 1;
clear_well_controls(well_index, w_);
if (ok && productionProperties.hasProductionControl(WellProducer::ORAT)) {
if (!phaseUsage.phase_used[BlackoilPhases::Liquid]) {
OPM_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Oil phase not active and ORAT control specified.");
}
control_pos[WellsManagerDetail::ProductionControl::ORAT] = well_controls_get_num(w_->ctrls[well_index]);
double distr[3] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
distr[phaseUsage.phase_pos[BlackoilPhases::Liquid]] = 1.0;
ok = append_well_controls(SURFACE_RATE,
-productionProperties.OilRate,
distr,
well_index,
w_);
}
if (ok && productionProperties.hasProductionControl(WellProducer::WRAT)) {
if (!phaseUsage.phase_used[BlackoilPhases::Aqua]) {
OPM_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Water phase not active and WRAT control specified.");
}
control_pos[WellsManagerDetail::ProductionControl::WRAT] = well_controls_get_num(w_->ctrls[well_index]);
double distr[3] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
distr[phaseUsage.phase_pos[BlackoilPhases::Aqua]] = 1.0;
ok = append_well_controls(SURFACE_RATE,
-productionProperties.WaterRate,
distr,
well_index,
w_);
}
if (ok && productionProperties.hasProductionControl(WellProducer::GRAT)) {
if (!phaseUsage.phase_used[BlackoilPhases::Vapour]) {
OPM_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Gas phase not active and GRAT control specified.");
}
control_pos[WellsManagerDetail::ProductionControl::GRAT] = well_controls_get_num(w_->ctrls[well_index]);
double distr[3] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
distr[phaseUsage.phase_pos[BlackoilPhases::Vapour]] = 1.0;
ok = append_well_controls(SURFACE_RATE,
-productionProperties.GasRate,
distr,
well_index,
w_);
}
if (ok && productionProperties.hasProductionControl(WellProducer::LRAT)) {
if (!phaseUsage.phase_used[BlackoilPhases::Aqua]) {
OPM_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Water phase not active and LRAT control specified.");
}
if (!phaseUsage.phase_used[BlackoilPhases::Liquid]) {
OPM_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Oil phase not active and LRAT control specified.");
}
control_pos[WellsManagerDetail::ProductionControl::LRAT] = well_controls_get_num(w_->ctrls[well_index]);
double distr[3] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
distr[phaseUsage.phase_pos[BlackoilPhases::Aqua]] = 1.0;
distr[phaseUsage.phase_pos[BlackoilPhases::Liquid]] = 1.0;
ok = append_well_controls(SURFACE_RATE,
-productionProperties.LiquidRate ,
distr,
well_index,
w_);
}
if (ok && productionProperties.hasProductionControl(WellProducer::RESV)) {
control_pos[WellsManagerDetail::ProductionControl::RESV] = well_controls_get_num(w_->ctrls[well_index]);
double distr[3] = { 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 };
ok = append_well_controls(RESERVOIR_RATE,
-productionProperties.ResVRate ,
distr,
well_index,
w_);
}
if (ok && productionProperties.hasProductionControl(WellProducer::BHP)) {
control_pos[WellsManagerDetail::ProductionControl::BHP] = well_controls_get_num(w_->ctrls[well_index]);
ok = append_well_controls(BHP,
productionProperties.BHPLimit ,
NULL,
well_index,
w_);
}
if (ok && productionProperties.hasProductionControl(WellProducer::THP)) {
OPM_THROW(std::runtime_error, "We cannot handle THP limit for well " << well_names[well_index]);
}
if (!ok) {
OPM_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Failure occured appending controls for well " << well_names[well_index]);
}
WellsManagerDetail::ProductionControl::Mode mode = WellsManagerDetail::ProductionControl::mode(productionProperties.controlMode);
int cpos = control_pos[mode];
if (cpos == -1 && mode != WellsManagerDetail::ProductionControl::GRUP) {
OPM_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Control mode type " << mode << " not present in well " << well_names[well_index]);
}
// If it's shut, we complement the cpos
if (well->getStatus(timeStep) == WellCommon::SHUT) {
well_controls_shut_well( w_->ctrls[well_index] );
} else if (cpos == -1 && mode != WellsManagerDetail::ProductionControl::GRUP) {
OPM_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Control mode type " << mode << " not present in well " << well_names[well_index]);
}
set_current_control(well_index, cpos, w_);
// Set well component fraction to match preferred phase for the well.
double cf[3] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
{
switch (well->getPreferredPhase()) {
case Phase::WATER:
if (!phaseUsage.phase_used[BlackoilPhases::Aqua]) {
OPM_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Water phase not used, yet found water-preferring well.");
}
cf[phaseUsage.phase_pos[BlackoilPhases::Aqua]] = 1.0;
break;
case Phase::OIL:
if (!phaseUsage.phase_used[BlackoilPhases::Liquid]) {
OPM_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Oil phase not used, yet found oil-preferring well.");
}
cf[phaseUsage.phase_pos[BlackoilPhases::Liquid]] = 1.0;
break;
case Phase::GAS:
if (!phaseUsage.phase_used[BlackoilPhases::Vapour]) {
OPM_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Gas phase not used, yet found gas-preferring well.");
}
cf[phaseUsage.phase_pos[BlackoilPhases::Vapour]] = 1.0;
break;
default:
OPM_THROW(std::logic_error, "Unknown preferred phase: " << well->getPreferredPhase());
}
std::copy(cf, cf + phaseUsage.num_phases, w_->comp_frac + well_index*phaseUsage.num_phases);
}
}
well_index++;
}
}
void WellsManager::addChildGroups(GroupTreeNodeConstPtr parentNode, ScheduleConstPtr schedule, size_t timeStep, const PhaseUsage& phaseUsage) {
for (auto childIter = parentNode->begin(); childIter != parentNode->end(); ++childIter) {
GroupTreeNodeConstPtr childNode = (*childIter).second;
well_collection_.addGroup(schedule->getGroup(childNode->name()), parentNode->name(), timeStep, phaseUsage);
addChildGroups(childNode, schedule, timeStep, phaseUsage);
}
}
void WellsManager::setupGuideRates(std::vector<WellConstPtr>& wells, const size_t timeStep, std::vector<WellData>& well_data, std::map<std::string, int>& well_names_to_index)
{
for (auto wellIter = wells.begin(); wellIter != wells.end(); ++wellIter ) {
WellConstPtr well = *wellIter;
const int wix = well_names_to_index[well->name()];
WellNode& wellnode = *well_collection_.getLeafNodes()[wix];
if (well->getGuideRatePhase(timeStep) != GuideRate::UNDEFINED) {
if (well_data[wix].type == PRODUCER) {
wellnode.prodSpec().guide_rate_ = well->getGuideRate(timeStep);
if (well->getGuideRatePhase(timeStep) == GuideRate::OIL) {
wellnode.prodSpec().guide_rate_type_ = ProductionSpecification::OIL;
} else {
OPM_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Guide rate type " << GuideRate::GuideRatePhaseEnum2String(well->getGuideRatePhase(timeStep)) << " specified for producer "
<< well->name() << " in WGRUPCON, cannot handle.");
}
} else if (well_data[wix].type == INJECTOR) {
wellnode.injSpec().guide_rate_ = well->getGuideRate(timeStep);
if (well->getGuideRatePhase(timeStep) == GuideRate::RAT) {
wellnode.injSpec().guide_rate_type_ = InjectionSpecification::RAT;
} else {
OPM_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Guide rate type " << GuideRate::GuideRatePhaseEnum2String(well->getGuideRatePhase(timeStep)) << " specified for injector "
<< well->name() << " in WGRUPCON, cannot handle.");
}
} else {
OPM_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Unknown well type " << well_data[wix].type << " for well " << well->name());
}
}
}
}
} // namespace Opm
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