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618 lines
21 KiB
C++
618 lines
21 KiB
C++
/*
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Copyright (C) 2008-2013 by Andreas Lauser
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Copyright (C) 2012 by Holger Class
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This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).
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OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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GNU General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with OPM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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*/
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/*!
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* \file
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*
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* \copydoc Ewoms::CuvetteProblem
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*/
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#ifndef EWOMS_CUVETTE_PROBLEM_HH
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#define EWOMS_CUVETTE_PROBLEM_HH
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#include <opm/material/fluidstates/CompositionalFluidState.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidstates/ImmiscibleFluidState.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidsystems/H2OAirMesityleneFluidSystem.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/3p/3pParkerVanGenuchten.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/3pAdapter.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/LinearMaterial.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/heatconduction/Somerton.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/constraintsolvers/MiscibleMultiPhaseComposition.hpp>
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#include <ewoms/models/pvs/pvsproperties.hh>
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#include <dune/grid/yaspgrid.hh>
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#include <dune/common/version.hh>
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#include <dune/common/fvector.hh>
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#include <dune/common/fmatrix.hh>
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#include <string>
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namespace Ewoms {
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template <class TypeTag>
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class CuvetteProblem;
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}
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namespace Opm {
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namespace Properties {
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// create a new type tag for the cuvette steam injection problem
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NEW_TYPE_TAG(CuvetteBaseProblem);
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// Set the grid type
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SET_TYPE_PROP(CuvetteBaseProblem, Grid, Dune::YaspGrid<2>);
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// Set the problem property
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SET_TYPE_PROP(CuvetteBaseProblem, Problem, Ewoms::CuvetteProblem<TypeTag>);
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// Set the fluid system
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SET_TYPE_PROP(
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CuvetteBaseProblem, FluidSystem,
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Opm::FluidSystems::H2OAirMesitylene<typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Scalar)>);
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// Enable gravity
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SET_BOOL_PROP(CuvetteBaseProblem, EnableGravity, true);
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// Set the maximum time step
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SET_SCALAR_PROP(CuvetteBaseProblem, MaxTimeStepSize, 600.);
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// Set the material Law
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SET_PROP(CuvetteBaseProblem, MaterialLaw)
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{
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private:
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Scalar) Scalar;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, FluidSystem) FluidSystem;
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enum { wPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::wPhaseIdx };
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enum { nPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::nPhaseIdx };
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enum { gPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::gPhaseIdx };
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// define the three-phase material law
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typedef Opm::ThreePParkerVanGenuchten<Scalar> ThreePLaw;
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public:
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// wrap the three-phase law in an adaptor to make use the generic
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// material law API
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typedef Opm::ThreePAdapter<wPhaseIdx, nPhaseIdx, gPhaseIdx, ThreePLaw> type;
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// typedef Opm::MpLinearMaterial<FluidSystem::numPhases, Scalar> type;
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};
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// Set the heat conduction law
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SET_PROP(CuvetteBaseProblem, HeatConductionLaw)
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{
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private:
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Scalar) Scalar;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, FluidSystem) FluidSystem;
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public:
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// define the material law parameterized by absolute saturations
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typedef Opm::Somerton<FluidSystem, Scalar> type;
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};
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// The default for the end time of the simulation
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SET_SCALAR_PROP(CuvetteBaseProblem, EndTime, 180);
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// The default for the initial time step size of the simulation
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SET_SCALAR_PROP(CuvetteBaseProblem, InitialTimeStepSize, 1);
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// The default DGF file to load
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SET_STRING_PROP(CuvetteBaseProblem, GridFile, "./grids/cuvette_11x4.dgf");
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} // namespace Properties
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} // namespace Opm
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namespace Ewoms {
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/*!
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* \ingroup VcfvTestProblems
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*
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* \brief Non-isothermal three-phase gas injection problem where a hot gas
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* is injected into a unsaturated porous medium with a residually
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* trapped NAPL contamination.
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*
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* The domain is a quasi-two-dimensional container (cuvette). Its
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* dimensions are 1.5 m x 0.74 m. The top and bottom boundaries are
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* closed, the right boundary is a free-flow boundary allowing fluids
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* to escape. From the left, an injection of a hot water-air mixture
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* is injected. The set-up is aimed at remediating an initial NAPL
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* (Non-Aquoeus Phase Liquid) contamination in the domain. The
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* contamination is initially placed partly into the ambient coarse
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* sand and partly into a fine sand lens.
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*
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* This simulation can be varied through assigning different boundary conditions
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* at the left boundary as described in Class (2001):
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* Theorie und numerische Modellierung nichtisothermer Mehrphasenprozesse in
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* NAPL-kontaminierten poroesen Medien, Dissertation, Eigenverlag des Instituts
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* fuer Wasserbau
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*
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* To see the basic effect and the differences to scenarios with pure
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* steam or pure air injection, it is sufficient to simulate this
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* problem to about 2-3 hours simulation time. Complete remediation
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* of the domain requires much longer (about 10 days simulated time).
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*/
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template <class TypeTag>
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class CuvetteProblem : public GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, BaseProblem)
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{
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, BaseProblem) ParentType;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Scalar) Scalar;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, GridView) GridView;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, MaterialLaw) MaterialLaw;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, MaterialLawParams) MaterialLawParams;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, HeatConductionLaw) HeatConductionLaw;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, HeatConductionLawParams)
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HeatConductionLawParams;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, PrimaryVariables) PrimaryVariables;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, RateVector) RateVector;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, BoundaryRateVector) BoundaryRateVector;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, TimeManager) TimeManager;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Model) Model;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, FluidSystem) FluidSystem;
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// copy some indices for convenience
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Indices) Indices;
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enum { numPhases = FluidSystem::numPhases };
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enum { numComponents = FluidSystem::numComponents };
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enum { wPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::wPhaseIdx };
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enum { nPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::nPhaseIdx };
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enum { gPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::gPhaseIdx };
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enum { H2OIdx = FluidSystem::H2OIdx };
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enum { airIdx = FluidSystem::airIdx };
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enum { NAPLIdx = FluidSystem::NAPLIdx };
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enum { conti0EqIdx = Indices::conti0EqIdx };
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// Grid and world dimension
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enum { dimWorld = GridView::dimensionworld };
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typedef typename GridView::ctype CoordScalar;
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typedef Dune::FieldVector<CoordScalar, dimWorld> GlobalPosition;
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typedef Dune::FieldMatrix<Scalar, dimWorld, dimWorld> DimMatrix;
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public:
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/*!
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* \copydoc Doxygen::defaultProblemConstructor
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*/
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CuvetteProblem(TimeManager &timeManager)
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#if DUNE_VERSION_NEWER(DUNE_COMMON, 2, 3)
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: ParentType(timeManager,
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GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, GridCreator)::grid().leafGridView()),
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#else
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: ParentType(timeManager,
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GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, GridCreator)::grid().leafView()),
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#endif
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eps_(1e-6)
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{
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if (Valgrind::IsRunning())
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FluidSystem::init(/*minT=*/283.15, /*maxT=*/500.0, /*nT=*/20,
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/*minp=*/0.8e5, /*maxp=*/2e5, /*np=*/10);
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else
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FluidSystem::init(/*minT=*/283.15, /*maxT=*/500.0, /*nT=*/200,
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/*minp=*/0.8e5, /*maxp=*/2e5, /*np=*/100);
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// intrinsic permeabilities
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fineK_ = this->toDimMatrix_(6.28e-12);
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coarseK_ = this->toDimMatrix_(9.14e-10);
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// porosities
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finePorosity_ = 0.42;
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coarsePorosity_ = 0.42;
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// parameters for the capillary pressure law
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#if 1
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// three-phase van Genuchten law
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fineMaterialParams_.setVgAlpha(0.0005);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setVgAlpha(0.005);
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fineMaterialParams_.setVgN(4.0);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setVgN(4.0);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setkrRegardsSnr(true);
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fineMaterialParams_.setkrRegardsSnr(true);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setKdNAPL(0.);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setRhoBulk(1500.);
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fineMaterialParams_.setKdNAPL(0.);
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fineMaterialParams_.setRhoBulk(1500.);
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// residual saturations
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fineMaterialParams_.setSwr(0.1201);
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fineMaterialParams_.setSwrx(0.1201);
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fineMaterialParams_.setSnr(0.0701);
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fineMaterialParams_.setSgr(0.0101);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setSwr(0.1201);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setSwrx(0.1201);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setSnr(0.0701);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setSgr(0.0101);
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#else
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// linear material law
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fineMaterialParams_.setPcMinSat(gPhaseIdx, 0);
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fineMaterialParams_.setPcMaxSat(gPhaseIdx, 0);
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fineMaterialParams_.setPcMinSat(nPhaseIdx, 0);
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fineMaterialParams_.setPcMaxSat(nPhaseIdx, -1000);
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fineMaterialParams_.setPcMinSat(wPhaseIdx, 0);
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fineMaterialParams_.setPcMaxSat(wPhaseIdx, -10000);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setPcMinSat(gPhaseIdx, 0);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setPcMaxSat(gPhaseIdx, 0);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setPcMinSat(nPhaseIdx, 0);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setPcMaxSat(nPhaseIdx, -100);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setPcMinSat(wPhaseIdx, 0);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setPcMaxSat(wPhaseIdx, -1000);
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// residual saturations
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fineMaterialParams_.setResidSat(wPhaseIdx, 0.1201);
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fineMaterialParams_.setResidSat(nPhaseIdx, 0.0701);
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fineMaterialParams_.setResidSat(gPhaseIdx, 0.0101);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setResidSat(wPhaseIdx, 0.1201);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setResidSat(nPhaseIdx, 0.0701);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setResidSat(gPhaseIdx, 0.0101);
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#endif
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// initialize parameters for the heat conduction law
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computeHeatCondParams_(heatCondParams_, finePorosity_);
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initInjectFluidState_();
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}
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/*!
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* \name Auxiliary methods
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*/
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//! \{
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/*!
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* \copydoc VcfvProblem::shouldWriteRestartFile
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*
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* This problem writes a restart file after every time step.
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*/
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bool shouldWriteRestartFile() const
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{ return true; }
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/*!
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* \copydoc VcfvProblem::name
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*/
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static std::string name()
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{ return std::string("cuvette_") + Model::name(); }
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//! \}
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/*!
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* \name Soil parameters
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*/
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//! \{
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::temperature
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*/
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template <class Context>
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Scalar temperature(const Context &context, int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
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{ return 293.15; /* [K] */ }
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::intrinsicPermeability
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*/
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template <class Context>
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const DimMatrix &intrinsicPermeability(const Context &context, int spaceIdx,
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int timeIdx) const
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{
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const GlobalPosition &pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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if (isFineMaterial_(pos))
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return fineK_;
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return coarseK_;
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::porosity
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*/
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template <class Context>
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Scalar porosity(const Context &context, int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
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{
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const GlobalPosition &pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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if (isFineMaterial_(pos))
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return finePorosity_;
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else
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return coarsePorosity_;
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::materialLawParams
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*/
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template <class Context>
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const MaterialLawParams &materialLawParams(const Context &context,
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int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
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{
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const GlobalPosition &pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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if (isFineMaterial_(pos))
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return fineMaterialParams_;
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else
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return coarseMaterialParams_;
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::heatConductionParams
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*/
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template <class Context>
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const HeatConductionLawParams &
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heatConductionParams(const Context &context, int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
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{ return heatCondParams_; }
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::heatCapacitySolid
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*/
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template <class Context>
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Scalar heatCapacitySolid(const Context &context, int spaceIdx,
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int timeIdx) const
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{
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return 850 // specific heat capacity [J / (kg K)]
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* 2650; // density of sand [kg/m^3]
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}
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//! \}
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/*!
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* \name Boundary conditions
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*/
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//! \{
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/*!
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* \copydoc VcfvProblem::boundary
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*/
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template <class Context>
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void boundary(BoundaryRateVector &values, const Context &context,
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int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
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{
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const auto &pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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if (onRightBoundary_(pos)) {
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Opm::CompositionalFluidState<Scalar, FluidSystem> fs;
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initialFluidState_(fs, context, spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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values.setFreeFlow(context, spaceIdx, timeIdx, fs);
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values.setNoFlow();
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}
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else if (onLeftBoundary_(pos)) {
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// injection
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RateVector molarRate;
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// inject with the same composition as the gas phase of
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// the injection fluid state
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Scalar molarInjectionRate = 0.3435; // [mol/(m^2 s)]
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for (int compIdx = 0; compIdx < numComponents; ++compIdx)
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molarRate[conti0EqIdx + compIdx]
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= -molarInjectionRate
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* injectFluidState_.moleFraction(gPhaseIdx, compIdx);
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// calculate the total mass injection rate [kg / (m^2 s)
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Scalar massInjectionRate
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= molarInjectionRate
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* injectFluidState_.averageMolarMass(gPhaseIdx);
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// set the boundary rate vector
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values.setMolarRate(molarRate);
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values.setEnthalpyRate(-injectFluidState_.enthalpy(gPhaseIdx)
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* massInjectionRate); // [J / (m^2 s)]
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}
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else
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values.setNoFlow();
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}
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//! \}
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/*!
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* \name Volume terms
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*/
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//! \{
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/*!
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* \copydoc VcfvProblem::initial
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*/
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template <class Context>
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void initial(PrimaryVariables &values, const Context &context, int spaceIdx,
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int timeIdx) const
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{
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Opm::CompositionalFluidState<Scalar, FluidSystem> fs;
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initialFluidState_(fs, context, spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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const auto &matParams = materialLawParams(context, spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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values.assignMassConservative(fs, matParams, /*inEquilibrium=*/false);
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc VcfvProblem::source
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*
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* For this problem, the source term of all components is 0
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* everywhere.
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*/
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template <class Context>
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void source(RateVector &rate, const Context &context, int spaceIdx,
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int timeIdx) const
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{ rate = Scalar(0.0); }
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//! \}
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private:
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bool onLeftBoundary_(const GlobalPosition &pos) const
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{ return pos[0] < eps_; }
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bool onRightBoundary_(const GlobalPosition &pos) const
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{ return pos[0] > this->boundingBoxMax()[0] - eps_; }
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bool onLowerBoundary_(const GlobalPosition &pos) const
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{ return pos[1] < eps_; }
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bool onUpperBoundary_(const GlobalPosition &pos) const
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{ return pos[1] > this->boundingBoxMax()[1] - eps_; }
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bool isContaminated_(const GlobalPosition &pos) const
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{
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return (0.20 <= pos[0]) && (pos[0] <= 0.80) && (0.4 <= pos[1])
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&& (pos[1] <= 0.65);
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}
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bool isFineMaterial_(const GlobalPosition &pos) const
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{
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if (0.13 <= pos[0] && 1.20 >= pos[0] && 0.32 <= pos[1] && pos[1] <= 0.57)
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return true;
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else if (pos[1] <= 0.15 && 1.20 <= pos[0])
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return true;
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else
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return false;
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}
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template <class FluidState, class Context>
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void initialFluidState_(FluidState &fs, const Context &context,
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int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
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{
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const GlobalPosition &pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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fs.setTemperature(293.0 /*[K]*/);
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Scalar pw = 1e5;
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if (isContaminated_(pos)) {
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fs.setSaturation(wPhaseIdx, 0.12);
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fs.setSaturation(nPhaseIdx, 0.07);
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fs.setSaturation(gPhaseIdx, 1 - 0.12 - 0.07);
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// set the capillary pressures
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const auto &matParams
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= materialLawParams(context, spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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Scalar pc[numPhases];
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MaterialLaw::capillaryPressures(pc, matParams, fs);
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for (int phaseIdx = 0; phaseIdx < numPhases; ++phaseIdx)
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fs.setPressure(phaseIdx, pw + (pc[phaseIdx] - pc[wPhaseIdx]));
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// compute the phase compositions
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typedef Opm::MiscibleMultiPhaseComposition<Scalar, FluidSystem> MMPC;
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typename FluidSystem::ParameterCache paramCache;
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MMPC::solve(fs, paramCache, /*setViscosity=*/true,
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/*setEnthalpy=*/true);
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}
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else {
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fs.setSaturation(wPhaseIdx, 0.12);
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fs.setSaturation(gPhaseIdx, 1 - fs.saturation(wPhaseIdx));
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fs.setSaturation(nPhaseIdx, 0);
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// set the capillary pressures
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const auto &matParams
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= materialLawParams(context, spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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Scalar pc[numPhases];
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MaterialLaw::capillaryPressures(pc, matParams, fs);
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for (int phaseIdx = 0; phaseIdx < numPhases; ++phaseIdx)
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fs.setPressure(phaseIdx, pw + (pc[phaseIdx] - pc[wPhaseIdx]));
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// compute the phase compositions
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typedef Opm::MiscibleMultiPhaseComposition<Scalar, FluidSystem> MMPC;
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typename FluidSystem::ParameterCache paramCache;
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MMPC::solve(fs, paramCache, /*setViscosity=*/true,
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/*setEnthalpy=*/true);
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// set the contaminant mole fractions to zero. this is a
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// little bit hacky...
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for (int phaseIdx = 0; phaseIdx < numPhases; ++phaseIdx) {
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fs.setMoleFraction(phaseIdx, NAPLIdx, 0.0);
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if (phaseIdx == nPhaseIdx)
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continue;
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Scalar sumx = 0;
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for (int compIdx = 0; compIdx < numComponents; ++compIdx)
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sumx += fs.moleFraction(phaseIdx, compIdx);
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for (int compIdx = 0; compIdx < numComponents; ++compIdx)
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fs.setMoleFraction(phaseIdx, compIdx,
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fs.moleFraction(phaseIdx, compIdx) / sumx);
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}
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}
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}
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void computeHeatCondParams_(HeatConductionLawParams ¶ms, Scalar poro)
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{
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Scalar lambdaGranite = 2.8; // [W / (K m)]
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|
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// create a Fluid state which has all phases present
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Opm::ImmiscibleFluidState<Scalar, FluidSystem> fs;
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fs.setTemperature(293.15);
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for (int phaseIdx = 0; phaseIdx < numPhases; ++phaseIdx) {
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fs.setPressure(phaseIdx, 1.0135e5);
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}
|
|
|
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typename FluidSystem::ParameterCache paramCache;
|
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paramCache.updateAll(fs);
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for (int phaseIdx = 0; phaseIdx < numPhases; ++phaseIdx) {
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Scalar rho = FluidSystem::density(fs, paramCache, phaseIdx);
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fs.setDensity(phaseIdx, rho);
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|
}
|
|
|
|
for (int phaseIdx = 0; phaseIdx < numPhases; ++phaseIdx) {
|
|
Scalar lambdaSaturated;
|
|
if (FluidSystem::isLiquid(phaseIdx)) {
|
|
Scalar lambdaFluid
|
|
= FluidSystem::thermalConductivity(fs, paramCache, phaseIdx);
|
|
lambdaSaturated = std::pow(lambdaGranite, (1 - poro))
|
|
+ std::pow(lambdaFluid, poro);
|
|
}
|
|
else
|
|
lambdaSaturated = std::pow(lambdaGranite, (1 - poro));
|
|
|
|
params.setFullySaturatedLambda(phaseIdx, lambdaSaturated);
|
|
if (!FluidSystem::isLiquid(phaseIdx))
|
|
params.setVacuumLambda(lambdaSaturated);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
void initInjectFluidState_()
|
|
{
|
|
injectFluidState_.setTemperature(383.0); // [K]
|
|
injectFluidState_.setPressure(gPhaseIdx, 1e5); // [Pa]
|
|
injectFluidState_.setSaturation(gPhaseIdx, 1.0); // [-]
|
|
|
|
Scalar xgH2O = 0.417;
|
|
injectFluidState_.setMoleFraction(gPhaseIdx, H2OIdx, xgH2O); // [-]
|
|
injectFluidState_.setMoleFraction(gPhaseIdx, airIdx, 1 - xgH2O); // [-]
|
|
injectFluidState_.setMoleFraction(gPhaseIdx, NAPLIdx, 0.0); // [-]
|
|
|
|
// set the specific enthalpy of the gas phase
|
|
typename FluidSystem::ParameterCache paramCache;
|
|
paramCache.updatePhase(injectFluidState_, gPhaseIdx);
|
|
|
|
Scalar h
|
|
= FluidSystem::enthalpy(injectFluidState_, paramCache, gPhaseIdx);
|
|
injectFluidState_.setEnthalpy(gPhaseIdx, h);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
DimMatrix fineK_;
|
|
DimMatrix coarseK_;
|
|
|
|
Scalar finePorosity_;
|
|
Scalar coarsePorosity_;
|
|
|
|
MaterialLawParams fineMaterialParams_;
|
|
MaterialLawParams coarseMaterialParams_;
|
|
|
|
HeatConductionLawParams heatCondParams_;
|
|
|
|
Opm::CompositionalFluidState<Scalar, FluidSystem> injectFluidState_;
|
|
|
|
const Scalar eps_;
|
|
};
|
|
} // namespace Ewoms
|
|
|
|
#endif
|