opm-simulators/examples/problems/richardslensproblem.hh

// -*- mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*-
// vi: set et ts=4 sw=4 sts=4:
/*
  This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).

  OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
  (at your option) any later version.

  OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  GNU General Public License for more details.

  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  along with OPM.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

  Consult the COPYING file in the top-level source directory of this
  module for the precise wording of the license and the list of
  copyright holders.
*/
/*!
 * \file
 *
 * \copydoc Opm::RichardsLensProblem
 */
#ifndef EWOMS_RICHARDS_LENS_PROBLEM_HH
#define EWOMS_RICHARDS_LENS_PROBLEM_HH

#include <opm/models/richards/richardsmodel.hh>

#include <opm/material/components/SimpleH2O.hpp>
#include <opm/material/fluidsystems/LiquidPhase.hpp>
#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/RegularizedVanGenuchten.hpp>
#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/LinearMaterial.hpp>
#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/EffToAbsLaw.hpp>
#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/MaterialTraits.hpp>

#include <dune/grid/yaspgrid.hh>
#include <dune/grid/io/file/dgfparser/dgfyasp.hh>

#include <dune/common/version.hh>
#include <dune/common/fvector.hh>
#include <dune/common/fmatrix.hh>

namespace Opm {
template <class TypeTag>
class RichardsLensProblem;

} // namespace Opm

namespace Opm::Properties {

// Create new type tags
namespace TTag {
struct RichardsLensProblem { using InheritsFrom = std::tuple<Richards>; };
} // end namespace TTag

// Use 2d YaspGrid
template<class TypeTag>
struct Grid<TypeTag, TTag::RichardsLensProblem> { using type = Dune::YaspGrid<2>; };

// Set the physical problem to be solved
template<class TypeTag>
struct Problem<TypeTag, TTag::RichardsLensProblem> { using type = Opm::RichardsLensProblem<TypeTag>; };

// Set the wetting phase
template<class TypeTag>
struct WettingFluid<TypeTag, TTag::RichardsLensProblem>
{
private:
    using Scalar = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Scalar>;

public:
    using type = Opm::LiquidPhase<Scalar, Opm::SimpleH2O<Scalar> >;
};

// Set the material Law
template<class TypeTag>
struct MaterialLaw<TypeTag, TTag::RichardsLensProblem>
{
private:
    using FluidSystem = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::FluidSystem>;
    enum { wettingPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::wettingPhaseIdx };
    enum { nonWettingPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::nonWettingPhaseIdx };

    using Scalar = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Scalar>;
    using Traits = Opm::TwoPhaseMaterialTraits<Scalar,
                                               /*wettingPhaseIdx=*/FluidSystem::wettingPhaseIdx,
                                               /*nonWettingPhaseIdx=*/FluidSystem::nonWettingPhaseIdx>;

    // define the material law which is parameterized by effective
    // saturations
    using EffectiveLaw = Opm::RegularizedVanGenuchten<Traits>;

public:
    // define the material law parameterized by absolute saturations
    using type = Opm::EffToAbsLaw<EffectiveLaw>;
};

} // namespace Opm::Properties

namespace Opm::Parameters {

// Enable gravitational acceleration
template<class TypeTag>
struct EnableGravity<TypeTag, Properties::TTag::RichardsLensProblem>
{ static constexpr bool value = true; };

// The default for the end time of the simulation
template<class TypeTag>
struct EndTime<TypeTag, Properties::TTag::RichardsLensProblem>
{
    using type = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Scalar>;
    static constexpr type value = 3000;
};

// The default DGF file to load
template<class TypeTag>
struct GridFile<TypeTag, Properties::TTag::RichardsLensProblem>
{ static constexpr auto value = "./data/richardslens_24x16.dgf"; };

// The default for the initial time step size of the simulation
template<class TypeTag>
struct InitialTimeStepSize<TypeTag, Properties::TTag::RichardsLensProblem>
{
    using type = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Scalar>;
    static constexpr type value = 100;
};

// Do not write the intermediate results of the newton method
template<class TypeTag>
struct NewtonWriteConvergence<TypeTag, Properties::TTag::RichardsLensProblem>
{ static constexpr bool value = false; };

// Set the "desireable" number of newton iterations of a time step
template<class TypeTag>
struct NewtonTargetIterations<TypeTag, Properties::TTag::RichardsLensProblem>
{ static constexpr int value = 18; };

// Set the maximum number of newton iterations of a time step
template<class TypeTag>
struct NewtonMaxIterations<TypeTag, Properties::TTag::RichardsLensProblem>
{ static constexpr int value = 28; };

// Use central differences to approximate the Jacobian matrix
template<class TypeTag>
struct NumericDifferenceMethod<TypeTag, Properties::TTag::RichardsLensProblem>
{ static constexpr int value = 0; };

} // namespace Opm::Parameters

namespace Opm {

/*!
 * \ingroup TestProblems
 *
 * \brief A water infiltration problem with a low-permeability lens
 *        embedded into a high-permeability domain.
 *
 * The domain is rectangular. The left and right boundaries are
 * free-flow boundaries with fixed water pressure which corresponds to
 * a fixed saturation of \f$S_w = 0\f$ in the Richards model, the
 * bottom boundary is closed. The top boundary is also closed except
 * for an infiltration section, where water is infiltrating into an
 * initially unsaturated porous medium. This problem is very similar
 * the \c LensProblem, with the main difference being that the domain
 * is initally fully saturated by gas instead of water and water
 * instead of a \c DNAPL infiltrates from the top.
 */
template <class TypeTag>
class RichardsLensProblem : public GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::BaseProblem>
{
    using ParentType = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::BaseProblem>;

    using GridView = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::GridView>;
    using EqVector = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::EqVector>;
    using RateVector = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::RateVector>;
    using BoundaryRateVector = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::BoundaryRateVector>;
    using PrimaryVariables = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::PrimaryVariables>;
    using Stencil = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Stencil>;
    using Simulator = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Simulator>;
    using Model = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Model>;
    using FluidSystem = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::FluidSystem>;
    using Scalar = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Scalar>;

    using Indices = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Indices>;
    enum {
        // copy some indices for convenience
        pressureWIdx = Indices::pressureWIdx,
        contiEqIdx = Indices::contiEqIdx,
        wettingPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::wettingPhaseIdx,
        nonWettingPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::nonWettingPhaseIdx,
        numPhases = FluidSystem::numPhases,

        // Grid and world dimension
        dimWorld = GridView::dimensionworld
    };

    // get the material law from the property system
    using MaterialLaw = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::MaterialLaw>;
    //! The parameters of the material law to be used
    using MaterialLawParams = typename MaterialLaw::Params;

    using CoordScalar = typename GridView::ctype;
    using GlobalPosition = Dune::FieldVector<CoordScalar, dimWorld>;
    using PhaseVector = Dune::FieldVector<Scalar, numPhases>;
    using DimMatrix = Dune::FieldMatrix<Scalar, dimWorld, dimWorld>;

public:
    /*!
     * \copydoc Doxygen::defaultProblemConstructor
     */
    RichardsLensProblem(Simulator& simulator)
        : ParentType(simulator)
        , pnRef_(1e5)
    {
        dofIsInLens_.resize(simulator.model().numGridDof());
    }

    /*!
     * \copydoc FvBaseProblem::finishInit
     */
    void finishInit()
    {
        ParentType::finishInit();

        eps_ = 3e-6;
        pnRef_ = 1e5;

        lensLowerLeft_[0] = 1.0;
        lensLowerLeft_[1] = 2.0;

        lensUpperRight_[0] = 4.0;
        lensUpperRight_[1] = 3.0;

        // parameters for the Van Genuchten law
        // alpha and n
        lensMaterialParams_.setVgAlpha(0.00045);
        lensMaterialParams_.setVgN(7.3);
        lensMaterialParams_.finalize();

        outerMaterialParams_.setVgAlpha(0.0037);
        outerMaterialParams_.setVgN(4.7);
        outerMaterialParams_.finalize();

        // parameters for the linear law
        // minimum and maximum pressures
        //        lensMaterialParams_.setEntryPC(0);
        //        outerMaterialParams_.setEntryPC(0);
        //        lensMaterialParams_.setMaxPC(0);
        //        outerMaterialParams_.setMaxPC(0);

        lensK_ = this->toDimMatrix_(1e-12);
        outerK_ = this->toDimMatrix_(5e-12);

        // determine which degrees of freedom are in the lens
        Stencil stencil(this->gridView(), this->simulator().model().dofMapper() );
        for (const auto& elem : elements(this->gridView())) {
            stencil.update(elem);
            for (unsigned dofIdx = 0; dofIdx < stencil.numPrimaryDof(); ++ dofIdx) {
                unsigned globalDofIdx = stencil.globalSpaceIndex(dofIdx);
                const auto& dofPos = stencil.subControlVolume(dofIdx).center();
                dofIsInLens_[globalDofIdx] = isInLens_(dofPos);
            }
        }
    }

    /*!
     * \name Problem parameters
     */
    //! \{

    /*!
     * \copydoc FvBaseProblem::name
     */
    std::string name() const
    {
        std::ostringstream oss;
        oss << "lens_richards_"
            << Model::discretizationName();
        return oss.str();
    }

    /*!
     * \copydoc FvBaseProblem::endTimeStep
     */
    void endTimeStep()
    {
#ifndef NDEBUG
        this->model().checkConservativeness();

        // Calculate storage terms
        EqVector storage;
        this->model().globalStorage(storage);

        // Write mass balance information for rank 0
        if (this->gridView().comm().rank() == 0) {
            std::cout << "Storage: " << storage << std::endl << std::flush;
        }
#endif // NDEBUG
    }

    /*!
     * \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::temperature
     */
    template <class Context>
    Scalar temperature(const Context& context, unsigned spaceIdx, unsigned timeIdx) const
    { return temperature(context.globalSpaceIndex(spaceIdx, timeIdx), timeIdx); }

    Scalar temperature(unsigned /*globalSpaceIdx*/, unsigned /*timeIdx*/) const
    { return 273.15 + 10; } // -> 10°C

    /*!
     * \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::intrinsicPermeability
     */
    template <class Context>
    const DimMatrix& intrinsicPermeability(const Context& context,
                                           unsigned spaceIdx,
                                           unsigned timeIdx) const
    {
        const GlobalPosition& pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
        if (isInLens_(pos))
            return lensK_;
        return outerK_;
    }

    /*!
     * \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::porosity
     */
    template <class Context>
    Scalar porosity(const Context& /*context*/,
                    unsigned /*spaceIdx*/,
                    unsigned /*timeIdx*/) const
    { return 0.4; }

    /*!
     * \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::materialLawParams
     */
    template <class Context>
    const MaterialLawParams& materialLawParams(const Context& context,
                                               unsigned spaceIdx,
                                               unsigned timeIdx) const
    {
        unsigned globalSpaceIdx = context.globalSpaceIndex(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
        return materialLawParams(globalSpaceIdx, timeIdx);
    }

    const MaterialLawParams& materialLawParams(unsigned globalSpaceIdx,
                                               unsigned /*timeIdx*/) const
    {
        if (dofIsInLens_[globalSpaceIdx])
            return lensMaterialParams_;
        return outerMaterialParams_;
    }

    /*!
     * \brief Return the reference pressure [Pa] of the wetting phase.
     *
     * \copydetails Doxygen::contextParams
     */
    template <class Context>
    Scalar referencePressure(const Context& context,
                             unsigned spaceIdx,
                             unsigned timeIdx) const
    { return referencePressure(context.globalSpaceIndex(spaceIdx, timeIdx), timeIdx); }

    // the Richards model does not have an element context available at all places
    // where the reference pressure is required...
    Scalar referencePressure(unsigned /*globalSpaceIdx*/,
                             unsigned /*timeIdx*/) const
    { return pnRef_; }

    //! \}

    /*!
     * \name Boundary conditions
     */
    //! \{

    /*!
     * \copydoc FvBaseProblem::boundary
     */
    template <class Context>
    void boundary(BoundaryRateVector& values,
                  const Context& context,
                  unsigned spaceIdx,
                  unsigned timeIdx) const
    {
        const auto& pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);

        if (onLeftBoundary_(pos) || onRightBoundary_(pos)) {
            const auto& materialParams = this->materialLawParams(context, spaceIdx, timeIdx);

            Scalar Sw = 0.0;
            Opm::ImmiscibleFluidState<Scalar, FluidSystem> fs;
            fs.setSaturation(wettingPhaseIdx, Sw);
            fs.setSaturation(nonWettingPhaseIdx, 1.0 - Sw);

            PhaseVector pC;
            MaterialLaw::capillaryPressures(pC, materialParams, fs);
            fs.setPressure(wettingPhaseIdx, pnRef_ + pC[wettingPhaseIdx] - pC[nonWettingPhaseIdx]);
            fs.setPressure(nonWettingPhaseIdx, pnRef_);

            typename FluidSystem::template ParameterCache<Scalar> paramCache;
            paramCache.updateAll(fs);
            fs.setDensity(wettingPhaseIdx, FluidSystem::density(fs, paramCache, wettingPhaseIdx));
            //fs.setDensity(nonWettingPhaseIdx, FluidSystem::density(fs, paramCache, nonWettingPhaseIdx));

            fs.setViscosity(wettingPhaseIdx, FluidSystem::viscosity(fs, paramCache, wettingPhaseIdx));
            //fs.setViscosity(nonWettingPhaseIdx, FluidSystem::viscosity(fs, paramCache, nonWettingPhaseIdx));

            values.setFreeFlow(context, spaceIdx, timeIdx, fs);
        }
        else if (onInlet_(pos)) {
            RateVector massRate(0.0);

            // inflow of water
            massRate[contiEqIdx] = -0.04; // kg / (m * s)

            values.setMassRate(massRate);
        }
        else
            values.setNoFlow();
    }

    //! \}

    /*!
     * \name Volumetric terms
     */
    //! \{

    /*!
     * \copydoc FvBaseProblem::initial
     */
    template <class Context>
    void initial(PrimaryVariables& values,
                 const Context& context,
                 unsigned spaceIdx,
                 unsigned timeIdx) const
    {
        const auto& materialParams = this->materialLawParams(context, spaceIdx, timeIdx);

        Scalar Sw = 0.0;
        Opm::ImmiscibleFluidState<Scalar, FluidSystem> fs;
        fs.setSaturation(wettingPhaseIdx, Sw);
        fs.setSaturation(nonWettingPhaseIdx, 1.0 - Sw);

        PhaseVector pC;
        MaterialLaw::capillaryPressures(pC, materialParams, fs);
        values[pressureWIdx] = pnRef_ + (pC[wettingPhaseIdx] - pC[nonWettingPhaseIdx]);
    }

    /*!
     * \copydoc FvBaseProblem::source
     *
     * For this problem, the source term of all components is 0
     * everywhere.
     */
    template <class Context>
    void source(RateVector& rate,
                const Context& /*context*/,
                unsigned /*spaceIdx*/,
                unsigned /*timeIdx*/) const
    { rate = Scalar(0.0); }

    //! \}

private:
    bool onLeftBoundary_(const GlobalPosition& pos) const
    { return pos[0] < this->boundingBoxMin()[0] + eps_; }

    bool onRightBoundary_(const GlobalPosition& pos) const
    { return pos[0] > this->boundingBoxMax()[0] - eps_; }

    bool onLowerBoundary_(const GlobalPosition& pos) const
    { return pos[1] < this->boundingBoxMin()[1] + eps_; }

    bool onUpperBoundary_(const GlobalPosition& pos) const
    { return pos[1] > this->boundingBoxMax()[1] - eps_; }

    bool onInlet_(const GlobalPosition& pos) const
    {
        Scalar width = this->boundingBoxMax()[0] - this->boundingBoxMin()[0];
        Scalar lambda = (this->boundingBoxMax()[0] - pos[0]) / width;
        return onUpperBoundary_(pos) && 0.5 < lambda && lambda < 2.0 / 3.0;
    }

    bool isInLens_(const GlobalPosition& pos) const
    {
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < dimWorld; ++i) {
            if (pos[i] < lensLowerLeft_[i] || pos[i] > lensUpperRight_[i])
                return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    GlobalPosition lensLowerLeft_;
    GlobalPosition lensUpperRight_;

    DimMatrix lensK_;
    DimMatrix outerK_;
    MaterialLawParams lensMaterialParams_;
    MaterialLawParams outerMaterialParams_;

    std::vector<bool> dofIsInLens_;

    Scalar eps_;
    Scalar pnRef_;
};
} // namespace Opm

#endif