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cad639ec21
in particular, the density of undersaturated oil is now the one specified by the PVTO keyword...
621 lines
22 KiB
C++
621 lines
22 KiB
C++
/*
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Copyright (C) 2008-2013 by Andreas Lauser
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This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).
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OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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GNU General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with OPM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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*/
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/*!
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* \file
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*
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* \copydoc Ewoms::Co2InjectionProblem
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*/
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#ifndef EWOMS_CO2_INJECTION_PROBLEM_HH
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#define EWOMS_CO2_INJECTION_PROBLEM_HH
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#include <ewoms/models/immiscible/immisciblemodel.hh>
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#include <opm/material/fluidsystems/H2ON2FluidSystem.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidsystems/BrineCO2FluidSystem.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidstates/CompositionalFluidState.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidstates/ImmiscibleFluidState.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/constraintsolvers/ComputeFromReferencePhase.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/LinearMaterial.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/RegularizedBrooksCorey.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/EffToAbsLaw.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/MaterialTraits.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/heatconduction/Somerton.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/binarycoefficients/Brine_CO2.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/UniformTabulated2DFunction.hpp>
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#include <dune/grid/yaspgrid.hh>
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#include <dune/common/version.hh>
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#include <dune/common/fvector.hh>
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#include <dune/common/fmatrix.hh>
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#include <sstream>
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#include <iostream>
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#include <string>
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namespace Ewoms {
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template <class TypeTag>
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class Co2InjectionProblem;
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namespace Co2Injection {
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#include <opm/material/components/co2tables.inc>
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}
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} // namespace Ewoms
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namespace Opm {
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namespace Properties {
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NEW_TYPE_TAG(Co2InjectionBaseProblem);
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// declare the CO2 injection problem specific property tags
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NEW_PROP_TAG(FluidSystemPressureLow);
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NEW_PROP_TAG(FluidSystemPressureHigh);
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NEW_PROP_TAG(FluidSystemNumPressure);
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NEW_PROP_TAG(FluidSystemTemperatureLow);
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NEW_PROP_TAG(FluidSystemTemperatureHigh);
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NEW_PROP_TAG(FluidSystemNumTemperature);
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NEW_PROP_TAG(MaxDepth);
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NEW_PROP_TAG(Temperature);
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NEW_PROP_TAG(SimulationName);
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// Set the grid type
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SET_TYPE_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, Grid, Dune::YaspGrid<2>);
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// Set the problem property
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SET_TYPE_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, Problem,
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Ewoms::Co2InjectionProblem<TypeTag>);
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// Set fluid configuration
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SET_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, FluidSystem)
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{
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private:
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Scalar) Scalar;
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typedef Ewoms::Co2Injection::CO2Tables CO2Tables;
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static const bool useComplexRelations = false;
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public:
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typedef Opm::FluidSystems::BrineCO2<Scalar, CO2Tables> type;
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// typedef Opm::FluidSystems::H2ON2<Scalar, useComplexRelations> type;
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};
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// Set the material Law
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SET_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, MaterialLaw)
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{
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private:
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, FluidSystem) FluidSystem;
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enum { liquidPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx };
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enum { gasPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx };
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Scalar) Scalar;
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typedef Opm::TwoPhaseMaterialTraits<Scalar,
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/*wettingPhaseIdx=*/FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx,
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/*nonWettingPhaseIdx=*/FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx>
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Traits;
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// define the material law which is parameterized by effective
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// saturations
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typedef Opm::RegularizedBrooksCorey<Traits> EffMaterialLaw;
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public:
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// define the material law parameterized by absolute saturations
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typedef Opm::EffToAbsLaw<EffMaterialLaw> type;
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};
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// Set the heat conduction law
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SET_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, HeatConductionLaw)
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{
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private:
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Scalar) Scalar;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, FluidSystem) FluidSystem;
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public:
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// define the material law parameterized by absolute saturations
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typedef Opm::Somerton<FluidSystem, Scalar> type;
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};
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// Write the Newton convergence behavior to disk?
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SET_BOOL_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, NewtonWriteConvergence, false);
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// Enable gravity
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SET_BOOL_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, EnableGravity, true);
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// Reuse linearizations if possible?
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SET_BOOL_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, EnableLinearizationRecycling, true);
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// set the defaults for the problem specific properties
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SET_SCALAR_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, FluidSystemPressureLow, 3e7);
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SET_SCALAR_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, FluidSystemPressureHigh, 4e7);
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SET_INT_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, FluidSystemNumPressure, 100);
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SET_SCALAR_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, FluidSystemTemperatureLow, 290);
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SET_SCALAR_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, FluidSystemTemperatureHigh, 500);
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SET_INT_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, FluidSystemNumTemperature, 100);
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SET_SCALAR_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, MaxDepth, 2500);
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SET_SCALAR_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, Temperature, 293.15);
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SET_STRING_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, SimulationName, "co2injection");
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// The default for the end time of the simulation
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SET_SCALAR_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, EndTime, 1e4);
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// The default for the initial time step size of the simulation
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SET_SCALAR_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, InitialTimeStepSize, 250);
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// The default DGF file to load
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SET_STRING_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, GridFile, "data/co2injection.dgf");
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} // namespace Properties
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} // namespace Opm
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namespace Ewoms {
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/*!
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* \ingroup TestProblems
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*
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* \brief Problem where \f$CO_2\f$ is injected under a low permeable
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* layer at a depth of 2700m.
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*
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* The domain is sized 60m times 40m and consists of two layers, one
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* which is moderately permeable (\f$K = 10^{-12}\;m^2\f$) for \f$ y >
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* 22\; m\f$ and one with a lower intrinsic permeablility (\f$
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* K=10^{-13}\;m^2\f$) in the rest of the domain.
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*
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* \f$CO_2\f$ gets injected by means of a forced-flow boundary
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* condition into water-filled aquifer, which is situated 2700m below
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* sea level, at the lower-right boundary (\f$5m<y<15m\f$) and
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* migrates upwards due to buoyancy. It accumulates and eventually
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* enters the lower permeable aquitard.
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*
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* The boundary conditions applied by this problem are no-flow
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* conditions on the top bottom and right boundaries and a free-flow
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* boundary condition on the left. For the free-flow condition,
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* hydrostatic pressure is assumed.
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*/
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template <class TypeTag>
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class Co2InjectionProblem : public GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, BaseProblem)
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{
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, BaseProblem) ParentType;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, GridView) GridView;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Scalar) Scalar;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, FluidSystem) FluidSystem;
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enum { dim = GridView::dimension };
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enum { dimWorld = GridView::dimensionworld };
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// copy some indices for convenience
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Indices) Indices;
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enum { numPhases = FluidSystem::numPhases };
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enum { gasPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx };
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enum { liquidPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx };
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enum { CO2Idx = FluidSystem::CO2Idx };
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enum { BrineIdx = FluidSystem::BrineIdx };
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enum { conti0EqIdx = Indices::conti0EqIdx };
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enum { contiCO2EqIdx = conti0EqIdx + CO2Idx };
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, PrimaryVariables) PrimaryVariables;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, RateVector) RateVector;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, BoundaryRateVector) BoundaryRateVector;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, MaterialLaw) MaterialLaw;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Simulator) Simulator;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, MaterialLawParams) MaterialLawParams;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Model) Model;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, HeatConductionLaw) HeatConductionLaw;
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typedef typename HeatConductionLaw::Params HeatConductionLawParams;
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typedef typename GridView::ctype CoordScalar;
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typedef Dune::FieldVector<CoordScalar, dimWorld> GlobalPosition;
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typedef Dune::FieldMatrix<Scalar, dimWorld, dimWorld> DimMatrix;
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public:
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/*!
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* \copydoc Doxygen::defaultProblemConstructor
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*/
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Co2InjectionProblem(Simulator &simulator)
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: ParentType(simulator)
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{
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eps_ = 1e-6;
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temperatureLow_ = EWOMS_GET_PARAM(TypeTag, Scalar, FluidSystemTemperatureLow);
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temperatureHigh_ = EWOMS_GET_PARAM(TypeTag, Scalar, FluidSystemTemperatureHigh);
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nTemperature_ = EWOMS_GET_PARAM(TypeTag, int, FluidSystemNumTemperature);
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nPressure_ = EWOMS_GET_PARAM(TypeTag, int, FluidSystemNumPressure);
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pressureLow_ = EWOMS_GET_PARAM(TypeTag, Scalar, FluidSystemPressureLow);
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pressureHigh_ = EWOMS_GET_PARAM(TypeTag, Scalar, FluidSystemPressureHigh);
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maxDepth_ = EWOMS_GET_PARAM(TypeTag, Scalar, MaxDepth);
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temperature_ = EWOMS_GET_PARAM(TypeTag, Scalar, Temperature);
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// initialize the tables of the fluid system
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// FluidSystem::init();
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FluidSystem::init(/*Tmin=*/temperatureLow_,
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/*Tmax=*/temperatureHigh_,
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/*nT=*/nTemperature_,
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/*pmin=*/pressureLow_,
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/*pmax=*/pressureHigh_,
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/*np=*/nPressure_);
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fineLayerBottom_ = 22.0;
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// intrinsic permeabilities
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fineK_ = this->toDimMatrix_(1e-13);
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coarseK_ = this->toDimMatrix_(1e-12);
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// porosities
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finePorosity_ = 0.3;
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coarsePorosity_ = 0.3;
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// residual saturations
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fineMaterialParams_.setResidualSaturation(liquidPhaseIdx, 0.2);
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fineMaterialParams_.setResidualSaturation(gasPhaseIdx, 0.0);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setResidualSaturation(liquidPhaseIdx, 0.2);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setResidualSaturation(gasPhaseIdx, 0.0);
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// parameters for the Brooks-Corey law
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fineMaterialParams_.setEntryPressure(1e4);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setEntryPressure(5e3);
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fineMaterialParams_.setLambda(2.0);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setLambda(2.0);
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fineMaterialParams_.finalize();
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coarseMaterialParams_.finalize();
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// parameters for the somerton law of heat conduction
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computeHeatCondParams_(fineHeatCondParams_, finePorosity_);
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computeHeatCondParams_(coarseHeatCondParams_, coarsePorosity_);
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::registerParameters
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*/
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static void registerParameters()
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{
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ParentType::registerParameters();
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EWOMS_REGISTER_PARAM(TypeTag, Scalar, FluidSystemTemperatureLow,
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"The lower temperature [K] for tabulation of the "
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"fluid system");
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EWOMS_REGISTER_PARAM(TypeTag, Scalar, FluidSystemTemperatureHigh,
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"The upper temperature [K] for tabulation of the "
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"fluid system");
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EWOMS_REGISTER_PARAM(TypeTag, int, FluidSystemNumTemperature,
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"The number of intervals between the lower and "
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"upper temperature");
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EWOMS_REGISTER_PARAM(TypeTag, Scalar, FluidSystemPressureLow,
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"The lower pressure [Pa] for tabulation of the "
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"fluid system");
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EWOMS_REGISTER_PARAM(TypeTag, Scalar, FluidSystemPressureHigh,
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"The upper pressure [Pa] for tabulation of the "
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"fluid system");
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EWOMS_REGISTER_PARAM(TypeTag, int, FluidSystemNumPressure,
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"The number of intervals between the lower and "
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"upper pressure");
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EWOMS_REGISTER_PARAM(TypeTag, Scalar, Temperature,
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"The temperature [K] in the reservoir");
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EWOMS_REGISTER_PARAM(TypeTag, Scalar, MaxDepth,
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"The maximum depth [m] of the reservoir");
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EWOMS_REGISTER_PARAM(TypeTag, std::string, SimulationName,
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"The name of the simulation used for the output "
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"files");
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}
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/*!
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* \name Problem parameters
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*/
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//! \{
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::name
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*/
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std::string name() const
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{
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std::ostringstream oss;
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oss << EWOMS_GET_PARAM(TypeTag, std::string, SimulationName)
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<< "_" << Model::name();
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if (GET_PROP_VALUE(TypeTag, EnableEnergy))
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oss << "_ni";
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oss << "_" << Model::discretizationName();
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return oss.str();
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::endTimeStep
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*/
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void endTimeStep()
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{
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#ifndef NDEBUG
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Scalar tol = this->model().newtonMethod().tolerance()*5e2;
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this->model().checkConservativeness(tol);
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// Calculate storage terms
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PrimaryVariables storageL, storageG;
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this->model().globalPhaseStorage(storageL, /*phaseIdx=*/0);
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this->model().globalPhaseStorage(storageG, /*phaseIdx=*/1);
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// Write mass balance information for rank 0
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if (this->gridView().comm().rank() == 0) {
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std::cout << "Storage: liquid=[" << storageL << "]"
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<< " gas=[" << storageG << "]\n" << std::flush;
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}
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#endif // NDEBUG
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::temperature
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*/
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template <class Context>
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Scalar temperature(const Context &context, int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
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{
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const auto &pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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if (inHighTemperatureRegion_(pos))
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return temperature_ + 100;
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return temperature_;
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::intrinsicPermeability
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*/
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template <class Context>
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const DimMatrix &intrinsicPermeability(const Context &context, int spaceIdx,
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int timeIdx) const
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{
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const GlobalPosition &pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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if (isFineMaterial_(pos))
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return fineK_;
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return coarseK_;
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::porosity
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*/
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template <class Context>
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Scalar porosity(const Context &context, int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
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{
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const GlobalPosition &pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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if (isFineMaterial_(pos))
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return finePorosity_;
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return coarsePorosity_;
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::materialLawParams
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*/
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template <class Context>
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const MaterialLawParams &materialLawParams(const Context &context,
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int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
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{
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const GlobalPosition &pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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if (isFineMaterial_(pos))
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return fineMaterialParams_;
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return coarseMaterialParams_;
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::heatCapacitySolid
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*
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* In this case, we assume the rock-matrix to be granite.
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*/
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template <class Context>
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Scalar heatCapacitySolid(const Context &context, int spaceIdx,
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int timeIdx) const
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{
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return 790 // specific heat capacity of granite [J / (kg K)]
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* 2700; // density of granite [kg/m^3]
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::heatConductionParams
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*/
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template <class Context>
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const HeatConductionLawParams &
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heatConductionParams(const Context &context, int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
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{
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const GlobalPosition &pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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if (isFineMaterial_(pos))
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return fineHeatCondParams_;
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return coarseHeatCondParams_;
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}
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//! \}
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/*!
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* \name Boundary conditions
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*/
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//! \{
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::boundary
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*/
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template <class Context>
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void boundary(BoundaryRateVector &values, const Context &context,
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int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
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{
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const auto &pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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if (onLeftBoundary_(pos)) {
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Opm::CompositionalFluidState<Scalar, FluidSystem> fs;
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initialFluidState_(fs, context, spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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fs.checkDefined();
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// impose an freeflow boundary condition
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values.setFreeFlow(context, spaceIdx, timeIdx, fs);
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}
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else if (onInlet_(pos)) {
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RateVector massRate(0.0);
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massRate[contiCO2EqIdx] = -1e-3; // [kg/(m^3 s)]
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Opm::ImmiscibleFluidState<Scalar, FluidSystem> fs;
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fs.setSaturation(gasPhaseIdx, 1.0);
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fs.setPressure(gasPhaseIdx,
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context.intensiveQuantities(spaceIdx, timeIdx).fluidState().pressure(
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gasPhaseIdx));
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fs.setTemperature(temperature(context, spaceIdx, timeIdx));
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typename FluidSystem::ParameterCache paramCache;
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paramCache.updatePhase(fs, gasPhaseIdx);
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Scalar h = FluidSystem::enthalpy(fs, paramCache, gasPhaseIdx);
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// impose an forced inflow boundary condition
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values.setMassRate(massRate);
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values.setEnthalpyRate(massRate[contiCO2EqIdx] * h);
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}
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else
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// no flow on top and bottom
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values.setNoFlow();
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}
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// \}
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/*!
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* \name Volumetric terms
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*/
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//! \{
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::initial
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*/
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template <class Context>
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void initial(PrimaryVariables &values, const Context &context, int spaceIdx,
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int timeIdx) const
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{
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Opm::CompositionalFluidState<Scalar, FluidSystem> fs;
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initialFluidState_(fs, context, spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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// const auto &matParams = this->materialLawParams(context, spaceIdx,
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// timeIdx);
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// values.assignMassConservative(fs, matParams, /*inEquilibrium=*/true);
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values.assignNaive(fs);
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::source
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*
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* For this problem, the source term of all components is 0
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* everywhere.
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*/
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template <class Context>
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void source(RateVector &rate, const Context &context, int spaceIdx,
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int timeIdx) const
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{ rate = Scalar(0.0); }
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//! \}
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private:
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template <class Context, class FluidState>
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void initialFluidState_(FluidState &fs, const Context &context,
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int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
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{
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const GlobalPosition &pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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//////
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// set temperature
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//////
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fs.setTemperature(temperature(context, spaceIdx, timeIdx));
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//////
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// set saturations
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//////
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fs.setSaturation(FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx, 1.0);
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fs.setSaturation(FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx, 0.0);
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//////
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// set pressures
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//////
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Scalar densityL = FluidSystem::Brine::liquidDensity(temperature_, 1e5);
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Scalar depth = maxDepth_ - pos[dim - 1];
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Scalar pl = 1e5 - densityL * this->gravity()[dim - 1] * depth;
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Scalar pC[numPhases];
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const auto &matParams = this->materialLawParams(context, spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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MaterialLaw::capillaryPressures(pC, matParams, fs);
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fs.setPressure(liquidPhaseIdx, pl + (pC[liquidPhaseIdx] - pC[liquidPhaseIdx]));
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fs.setPressure(gasPhaseIdx, pl + (pC[gasPhaseIdx] - pC[liquidPhaseIdx]));
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//////
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// set composition of the liquid phase
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//////
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fs.setMoleFraction(liquidPhaseIdx, CO2Idx, 0.005);
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fs.setMoleFraction(liquidPhaseIdx, BrineIdx,
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1.0 - fs.moleFraction(liquidPhaseIdx, CO2Idx));
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typename FluidSystem::ParameterCache paramCache;
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typedef Opm::ComputeFromReferencePhase<Scalar, FluidSystem> CFRP;
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CFRP::solve(fs, paramCache,
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/*refPhaseIdx=*/liquidPhaseIdx,
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/*setViscosity=*/true,
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/*setEnthalpy=*/true);
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}
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bool onLeftBoundary_(const GlobalPosition &pos) const
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{ return pos[0] < eps_; }
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bool onRightBoundary_(const GlobalPosition &pos) const
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{ return pos[0] > this->boundingBoxMax()[0] - eps_; }
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bool onInlet_(const GlobalPosition &pos) const
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{ return onRightBoundary_(pos) && (5 < pos[1]) && (pos[1] < 15); }
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bool inHighTemperatureRegion_(const GlobalPosition &pos) const
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{ return (pos[0] > 20) && (pos[0] < 30) && (pos[1] > 5) && (pos[1] < 35); }
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void computeHeatCondParams_(HeatConductionLawParams ¶ms, Scalar poro)
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{
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Scalar lambdaWater = 0.6;
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Scalar lambdaGranite = 2.8;
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Scalar lambdaWet = std::pow(lambdaGranite, (1 - poro))
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* std::pow(lambdaWater, poro);
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Scalar lambdaDry = std::pow(lambdaGranite, (1 - poro));
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params.setFullySaturatedLambda(gasPhaseIdx, lambdaDry);
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params.setFullySaturatedLambda(liquidPhaseIdx, lambdaWet);
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params.setVacuumLambda(lambdaDry);
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}
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bool isFineMaterial_(const GlobalPosition &pos) const
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{ return pos[dim - 1] > fineLayerBottom_; }
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DimMatrix fineK_;
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DimMatrix coarseK_;
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Scalar fineLayerBottom_;
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Scalar finePorosity_;
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Scalar coarsePorosity_;
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MaterialLawParams fineMaterialParams_;
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MaterialLawParams coarseMaterialParams_;
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HeatConductionLawParams fineHeatCondParams_;
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HeatConductionLawParams coarseHeatCondParams_;
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Scalar temperature_;
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Scalar maxDepth_;
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Scalar eps_;
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int nTemperature_;
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int nPressure_;
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Scalar pressureLow_, pressureHigh_;
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Scalar temperatureLow_, temperatureHigh_;
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};
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} // namespace Ewoms
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#endif
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