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1193 lines
51 KiB
C++
1193 lines
51 KiB
C++
/*
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Copyright 2017 SINTEF Digital, Mathematics and Cybernetics.
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Copyright 2017 Statoil ASA.
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Copyright 2018 IRIS
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This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).
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OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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GNU General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with OPM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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*/
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#include <opm/input/eclipse/Schedule/ScheduleTypes.hpp>
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#include <opm/simulators/utils/DeferredLoggingErrorHelpers.hpp>
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#include <opm/simulators/wells/GroupState.hpp>
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#include <opm/simulators/wells/TargetCalculator.hpp>
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#include <dune/common/version.hh>
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namespace Opm
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{
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template<typename TypeTag>
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WellInterface<TypeTag>::
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WellInterface(const Well& well,
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const ParallelWellInfo& pw_info,
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const int time_step,
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const ModelParameters& param,
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const RateConverterType& rate_converter,
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const int pvtRegionIdx,
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const int num_components,
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const int num_phases,
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const int index_of_well,
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const std::vector<PerforationData>& perf_data)
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: WellInterfaceIndices<FluidSystem,Indices,Scalar>(well,
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pw_info,
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time_step,
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rate_converter,
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pvtRegionIdx,
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num_components,
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num_phases,
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index_of_well,
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perf_data)
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, param_(param)
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{
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connectionRates_.resize(this->number_of_perforations_);
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if constexpr (has_solvent || has_zFraction) {
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if (well.isInjector()) {
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auto injectorType = this->well_ecl_.injectorType();
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if (injectorType == InjectorType::GAS) {
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this->wsolvent_ = this->well_ecl_.getSolventFraction();
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}
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}
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}
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}
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template<typename TypeTag>
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void
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WellInterface<TypeTag>::
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init(const PhaseUsage* phase_usage_arg,
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const std::vector<double>& /* depth_arg */,
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const double gravity_arg,
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const int /* num_cells */,
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const std::vector< Scalar >& B_avg,
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const bool changed_to_open_this_step)
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{
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this->phase_usage_ = phase_usage_arg;
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this->gravity_ = gravity_arg;
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B_avg_ = B_avg;
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this->changed_to_open_this_step_ = changed_to_open_this_step;
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}
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template<typename TypeTag>
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double
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WellInterface<TypeTag>::
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wpolymer() const
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{
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if constexpr (has_polymer) {
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auto injectorType = this->well_ecl_.injectorType();
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if (injectorType == InjectorType::WATER) {
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WellPolymerProperties polymer = this->well_ecl_.getPolymerProperties();
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const double polymer_injection_concentration = polymer.m_polymerConcentration;
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return polymer_injection_concentration;
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} else {
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// Not a water injection well => no polymer.
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return 0.0;
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}
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}
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return 0.0;
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}
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template<typename TypeTag>
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double
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WellInterface<TypeTag>::
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wfoam() const
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{
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if constexpr (has_foam) {
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auto injectorType = this->well_ecl_.injectorType();
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if (injectorType == InjectorType::GAS) {
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WellFoamProperties fprop = this->well_ecl_.getFoamProperties();
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return fprop.m_foamConcentration;
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} else {
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// Not a gas injection well => no foam.
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return 0.0;
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}
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}
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return 0.0;
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}
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template<typename TypeTag>
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double
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WellInterface<TypeTag>::
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wsalt() const
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{
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if constexpr (has_brine) {
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auto injectorType = this->well_ecl_.injectorType();
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if (injectorType == InjectorType::WATER) {
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WellBrineProperties fprop = this->well_ecl_.getBrineProperties();
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return fprop.m_saltConcentration;
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} else {
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// Not a water injection well => no salt (?).
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return 0.0;
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}
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}
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return 0.0;
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}
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template<typename TypeTag>
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double
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WellInterface<TypeTag>::
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wmicrobes() const
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{
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if constexpr (has_micp) {
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auto injectorType = this->well_ecl_.injectorType();
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if (injectorType == InjectorType::WATER) {
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WellMICPProperties microbes = this->well_ecl_.getMICPProperties();
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const double microbial_injection_concentration = microbes.m_microbialConcentration;
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return microbial_injection_concentration;
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} else {
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// Not a water injection well => no microbes.
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return 0.0;
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}
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}
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return 0.0;
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}
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template<typename TypeTag>
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double
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WellInterface<TypeTag>::
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woxygen() const
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{
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if constexpr (has_micp) {
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auto injectorType = this->well_ecl_.injectorType();
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if (injectorType == InjectorType::WATER) {
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WellMICPProperties oxygen = this->well_ecl_.getMICPProperties();
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const double oxygen_injection_concentration = oxygen.m_oxygenConcentration;
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return oxygen_injection_concentration;
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} else {
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// Not a water injection well => no oxygen.
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return 0.0;
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}
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}
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return 0.0;
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}
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// The urea injection concentration is scaled down by a factor of 10, since its value
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// can be much bigger than 1 (not doing this slows the simulations). The
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// corresponding values are scaled accordingly in blackoilmicpmodules.hh when computing
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// the reactions and also when writing the output files (vtk and eclipse format, i.e.,
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// vtkblackoilmicpmodule.hh and ecloutputblackoilmodel.hh respectively).
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template<typename TypeTag>
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double
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WellInterface<TypeTag>::
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wurea() const
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{
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if constexpr (has_micp) {
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auto injectorType = this->well_ecl_.injectorType();
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if (injectorType == InjectorType::WATER) {
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WellMICPProperties urea = this->well_ecl_.getMICPProperties();
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const double urea_injection_concentration = urea.m_ureaConcentration / 10.; //Dividing by scaling factor 10
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return urea_injection_concentration;
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} else {
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// Not a water injection well => no urea.
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return 0.0;
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}
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}
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return 0.0;
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}
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template<typename TypeTag>
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bool
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WellInterface<TypeTag>::
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updateWellControl(const Simulator& ebos_simulator,
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const IndividualOrGroup iog,
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WellState& well_state,
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const GroupState& group_state,
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DeferredLogger& deferred_logger) /* const */
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{
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if (this->wellIsStopped()) {
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return false;
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}
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const auto& summaryState = ebos_simulator.vanguard().summaryState();
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const auto& schedule = ebos_simulator.vanguard().schedule();
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const auto& well = this->well_ecl_;
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auto& ws = well_state.well(this->index_of_well_);
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std::string from;
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if (well.isInjector()) {
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from = Well::InjectorCMode2String(ws.injection_cmode);
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} else {
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from = Well::ProducerCMode2String(ws.production_cmode);
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}
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bool oscillating = std::count(this->well_control_log_.begin(), this->well_control_log_.end(), from) >= param_.max_number_of_well_switches_;
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if (oscillating) {
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// only output frist time
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bool output = std::count(this->well_control_log_.begin(), this->well_control_log_.end(), from) == param_.max_number_of_well_switches_;
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if (output) {
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std::ostringstream ss;
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ss << " The control model for well " << this->name()
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<< " is oscillating\n"
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<< " We don't allow for more than "
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<< param_.max_number_of_well_switches_
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<< " switches. The control is kept at " << from;
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deferred_logger.info(ss.str());
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// add one more to avoid outputting the same info again
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this->well_control_log_.push_back(from);
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}
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return false;
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}
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bool changed = false;
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if (iog == IndividualOrGroup::Individual) {
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changed = this->checkIndividualConstraints(ws, summaryState, deferred_logger);
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} else if (iog == IndividualOrGroup::Group) {
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changed = this->checkGroupConstraints(well_state, group_state, schedule, summaryState, deferred_logger);
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} else {
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assert(iog == IndividualOrGroup::Both);
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changed = this->checkConstraints(well_state, group_state, schedule, summaryState, deferred_logger);
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}
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Parallel::Communication cc = ebos_simulator.vanguard().grid().comm();
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// checking whether control changed
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if (changed) {
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std::string to;
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if (well.isInjector()) {
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to = Well::InjectorCMode2String(ws.injection_cmode);
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} else {
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to = Well::ProducerCMode2String(ws.production_cmode);
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}
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std::ostringstream ss;
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ss << " Switching control mode for well " << this->name()
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<< " from " << from
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<< " to " << to;
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if (cc.size() > 1) {
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ss << " on rank " << cc.rank();
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}
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deferred_logger.debug(ss.str());
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this->well_control_log_.push_back(from);
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updateWellStateWithTarget(ebos_simulator, group_state, well_state, deferred_logger);
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updatePrimaryVariables(well_state, deferred_logger);
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}
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return changed;
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}
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template<typename TypeTag>
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void
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WellInterface<TypeTag>::
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wellTesting(const Simulator& simulator,
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const double simulation_time,
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/* const */ WellState& well_state,
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const GroupState& group_state,
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WellTestState& well_test_state,
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DeferredLogger& deferred_logger)
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{
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deferred_logger.info(" well " + this->name() + " is being tested");
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WellState well_state_copy = well_state;
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auto& ws = well_state_copy.well(this->indexOfWell());
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updateWellStateWithTarget(simulator, group_state, well_state_copy, deferred_logger);
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calculateExplicitQuantities(simulator, well_state_copy, deferred_logger);
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updatePrimaryVariables(well_state_copy, deferred_logger);
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initPrimaryVariablesEvaluation();
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WellTestState welltest_state_temp;
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bool testWell = true;
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// if a well is closed because all completions are closed, we need to check each completion
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// individually. We first open all completions, then we close one by one by calling updateWellTestState
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// untill the number of closed completions do not increase anymore.
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while (testWell) {
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const size_t original_number_closed_completions = welltest_state_temp.num_closed_completions();
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bool converged = solveWellForTesting(simulator, well_state_copy, group_state, deferred_logger);
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if (!converged) {
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const auto msg = fmt::format("WTEST: Well {} is not solvable (physical)", this->name());
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deferred_logger.debug(msg);
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return;
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}
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if (this->isProducer()) {
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gliftBeginTimeStepWellTestUpdateALQ(simulator, well_state_copy, deferred_logger);
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}
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updateWellOperability(simulator, well_state_copy, deferred_logger);
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if ( !this->isOperableAndSolvable() ) {
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const auto msg = fmt::format("WTEST: Well {} is not operable (physical)", this->name());
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deferred_logger.debug(msg);
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return;
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}
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std::vector<double> potentials;
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try {
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computeWellPotentials(simulator, well_state_copy, potentials, deferred_logger);
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} catch (const std::exception& e) {
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const std::string msg = std::string("well ") + this->name() + std::string(": computeWellPotentials() failed during testing for re-opening: ") + e.what();
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deferred_logger.info(msg);
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return;
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}
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const int np = well_state_copy.numPhases();
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for (int p = 0; p < np; ++p) {
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ws.well_potentials[p] = std::max(0.0, potentials[p]);
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}
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this->updateWellTestState(well_state_copy.well(this->indexOfWell()), simulation_time, /*writeMessageToOPMLog=*/ false, welltest_state_temp, deferred_logger);
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this->closeCompletions(welltest_state_temp);
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// Stop testing if the well is closed or shut due to all completions shut
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// Also check if number of completions has increased. If the number of closed completions do not increased
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// we stop the testing.
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// TODO: it can be tricky here, if the well is shut/closed due to other reasons
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if ( welltest_state_temp.num_closed_wells() > 0 ||
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(original_number_closed_completions == welltest_state_temp.num_closed_completions()) ) {
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testWell = false; // this terminates the while loop
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}
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}
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// update wellTestState if the well test succeeds
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if (!welltest_state_temp.well_is_closed(this->name())) {
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well_test_state.open_well(this->name());
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std::string msg = std::string("well ") + this->name() + std::string(" is re-opened");
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deferred_logger.info(msg);
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// also reopen completions
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for (auto& completion : this->well_ecl_.getCompletions()) {
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if (!welltest_state_temp.completion_is_closed(this->name(), completion.first))
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well_test_state.open_completion(this->name(), completion.first);
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}
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// set the status of the well_state to open
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ws.open();
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well_state = well_state_copy;
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}
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}
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template<typename TypeTag>
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bool
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WellInterface<TypeTag>::
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iterateWellEquations(const Simulator& ebosSimulator,
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const double dt,
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WellState& well_state,
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const GroupState& group_state,
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DeferredLogger& deferred_logger)
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{
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const auto& summary_state = ebosSimulator.vanguard().summaryState();
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const auto inj_controls = this->well_ecl_.isInjector() ? this->well_ecl_.injectionControls(summary_state) : Well::InjectionControls(0);
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const auto prod_controls = this->well_ecl_.isProducer() ? this->well_ecl_.productionControls(summary_state) : Well::ProductionControls(0);
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bool converged = false;
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try {
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converged = this->iterateWellEqWithControl(ebosSimulator, dt, inj_controls, prod_controls, well_state, group_state, deferred_logger);
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} catch (NumericalIssue& e ) {
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const std::string msg = "Inner well iterations failed for well " + this->name() + " Treat the well as unconverged. ";
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deferred_logger.warning("INNER_ITERATION_FAILED", msg);
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converged = false;
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}
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return converged;
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}
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template<typename TypeTag>
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bool
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WellInterface<TypeTag>::
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solveWellForTesting(const Simulator& ebosSimulator, WellState& well_state, const GroupState& group_state,
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DeferredLogger& deferred_logger)
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{
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// keep a copy of the original well state
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const WellState well_state0 = well_state;
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const double dt = ebosSimulator.timeStepSize();
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const auto& summary_state = ebosSimulator.vanguard().summaryState();
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const bool has_thp_limit = this->wellHasTHPConstraints(summary_state);
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if (has_thp_limit)
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well_state.well(this->indexOfWell()).production_cmode = Well::ProducerCMode::THP;
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else
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well_state.well(this->indexOfWell()).production_cmode = Well::ProducerCMode::BHP;
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const bool converged = iterateWellEquations(ebosSimulator, dt, well_state, group_state, deferred_logger);
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if (converged) {
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deferred_logger.debug("WellTest: Well equation for well " + this->name() + " converged");
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return true;
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}
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const int max_iter = param_.max_welleq_iter_;
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deferred_logger.debug("WellTest: Well equation for well " + this->name() + " failed converging in "
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+ std::to_string(max_iter) + " iterations");
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well_state = well_state0;
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return false;
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}
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template<typename TypeTag>
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void
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WellInterface<TypeTag>::
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solveWellEquation(const Simulator& ebosSimulator,
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WellState& well_state,
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const GroupState& group_state,
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DeferredLogger& deferred_logger)
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{
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if (!this->isOperableAndSolvable() && !this->wellIsStopped())
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return;
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// keep a copy of the original well state
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const WellState well_state0 = well_state;
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const double dt = ebosSimulator.timeStepSize();
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bool converged = iterateWellEquations(ebosSimulator, dt, well_state, group_state, deferred_logger);
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// Newly opened wells with THP control sometimes struggles to
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// converge due to bad initial guess. Or due to the simple fact
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// that the well needs to change to another control.
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// We therefore try to solve the well with BHP control to get
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// an better initial guess.
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// If the well is supposed to operate under THP control
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// "updateWellControl" will switch it back to THP later.
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if (!converged) {
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auto& ws = well_state.well(this->indexOfWell());
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bool thp_control = false;
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if (this->well_ecl_.isInjector()) {
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thp_control = ws.injection_cmode == Well::InjectorCMode::THP;
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if (thp_control) {
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ws.injection_cmode = Well::InjectorCMode::BHP;
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this->well_control_log_.push_back(Well::InjectorCMode2String(Well::InjectorCMode::THP));
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}
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} else {
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thp_control = ws.production_cmode == Well::ProducerCMode::THP;
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if (thp_control) {
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ws.production_cmode = Well::ProducerCMode::BHP;
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this->well_control_log_.push_back(Well::ProducerCMode2String(Well::ProducerCMode::THP));
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}
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}
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if (thp_control) {
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const std::string msg = std::string("The newly opened well ") + this->name()
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+ std::string(" with THP control did not converge during inner iterations, we try again with bhp control");
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deferred_logger.debug(msg);
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converged = this->iterateWellEquations(ebosSimulator, dt, well_state, group_state, deferred_logger);
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}
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}
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if (!converged) {
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const int max_iter = param_.max_welleq_iter_;
|
|
deferred_logger.debug("Compute initial well solution for well " + this->name() + ". Failed to converge in "
|
|
+ std::to_string(max_iter) + " iterations");
|
|
well_state = well_state0;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
template <typename TypeTag>
|
|
void
|
|
WellInterface<TypeTag>::
|
|
assembleWellEq(const Simulator& ebosSimulator,
|
|
const double dt,
|
|
WellState& well_state,
|
|
const GroupState& group_state,
|
|
DeferredLogger& deferred_logger)
|
|
{
|
|
const bool old_well_operable = this->operability_status_.isOperableAndSolvable();
|
|
|
|
if (param_.check_well_operability_iter_)
|
|
checkWellOperability(ebosSimulator, well_state, deferred_logger);
|
|
|
|
// only use inner well iterations for the first newton iterations.
|
|
const int iteration_idx = ebosSimulator.model().newtonMethod().numIterations();
|
|
if (iteration_idx < param_.max_niter_inner_well_iter_ || this->well_ecl_.isMultiSegment()) {
|
|
this->operability_status_.solvable = true;
|
|
bool converged = this->iterateWellEquations(ebosSimulator, dt, well_state, group_state, deferred_logger);
|
|
|
|
// unsolvable wells are treated as not operable and will not be solved for in this iteration.
|
|
if (!converged) {
|
|
if (param_.shut_unsolvable_wells_)
|
|
this->operability_status_.solvable = false;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
if (this->operability_status_.has_negative_potentials) {
|
|
auto well_state_copy = well_state;
|
|
std::vector<double> potentials;
|
|
try {
|
|
computeWellPotentials(ebosSimulator, well_state_copy, potentials, deferred_logger);
|
|
} catch (const std::exception& e) {
|
|
const std::string msg = std::string("well ") + this->name() + std::string(": computeWellPotentials() failed during attempt to recompute potentials for well : ") + e.what();
|
|
deferred_logger.info(msg);
|
|
this->operability_status_.has_negative_potentials = true;
|
|
}
|
|
auto& ws = well_state.well(this->indexOfWell());
|
|
const int np = well_state.numPhases();
|
|
for (int p = 0; p < np; ++p) {
|
|
ws.well_potentials[p] = std::max(0.0, potentials[p]);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
this->changed_to_open_this_step_ = false;
|
|
const bool well_operable = this->operability_status_.isOperableAndSolvable();
|
|
|
|
if (!well_operable && old_well_operable) {
|
|
if (this->well_ecl_.getAutomaticShutIn()) {
|
|
deferred_logger.info(" well " + this->name() + " gets SHUT during iteration ");
|
|
} else {
|
|
if (!this->wellIsStopped()) {
|
|
deferred_logger.info(" well " + this->name() + " gets STOPPED during iteration ");
|
|
this->stopWell();
|
|
changed_to_stopped_this_step_ = true;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
} else if (well_operable && !old_well_operable) {
|
|
deferred_logger.info(" well " + this->name() + " gets REVIVED during iteration ");
|
|
this->openWell();
|
|
changed_to_stopped_this_step_ = false;
|
|
this->changed_to_open_this_step_ = true;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
const auto& summary_state = ebosSimulator.vanguard().summaryState();
|
|
const auto inj_controls = this->well_ecl_.isInjector() ? this->well_ecl_.injectionControls(summary_state) : Well::InjectionControls(0);
|
|
const auto prod_controls = this->well_ecl_.isProducer() ? this->well_ecl_.productionControls(summary_state) : Well::ProductionControls(0);
|
|
assembleWellEqWithoutIteration(ebosSimulator, dt, inj_controls, prod_controls, well_state, group_state, deferred_logger);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
template<typename TypeTag>
|
|
bool
|
|
WellInterface<TypeTag>::isPressureControlled(const WellState& well_state) const
|
|
{
|
|
bool thp_controlled_well = false;
|
|
bool bhp_controlled_well = false;
|
|
const auto& ws = well_state.well(this->index_of_well_);
|
|
if (this->isInjector()) {
|
|
const Well::InjectorCMode& current = ws.injection_cmode;
|
|
if (current == Well::InjectorCMode::THP) {
|
|
thp_controlled_well = true;
|
|
}
|
|
if (current == Well::InjectorCMode::BHP) {
|
|
bhp_controlled_well = true;
|
|
}
|
|
} else {
|
|
const Well::ProducerCMode& current = ws.production_cmode;
|
|
if (current == Well::ProducerCMode::THP) {
|
|
thp_controlled_well = true;
|
|
}
|
|
if (current == Well::ProducerCMode::BHP) {
|
|
bhp_controlled_well = true;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
bool ispressureControlled = (bhp_controlled_well || thp_controlled_well);
|
|
return ispressureControlled;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
template<typename TypeTag>
|
|
void
|
|
WellInterface<TypeTag>::addCellRates(RateVector& rates, int cellIdx) const
|
|
{
|
|
if(!this->isOperableAndSolvable() && !this->wellIsStopped())
|
|
return;
|
|
|
|
for (int perfIdx = 0; perfIdx < this->number_of_perforations_; ++perfIdx) {
|
|
if (this->cells()[perfIdx] == cellIdx) {
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < RateVector::dimension; ++i) {
|
|
rates[i] += connectionRates_[perfIdx][i];
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
template<typename TypeTag>
|
|
typename WellInterface<TypeTag>::Scalar
|
|
WellInterface<TypeTag>::volumetricSurfaceRateForConnection(int cellIdx, int phaseIdx) const {
|
|
for (int perfIdx = 0; perfIdx < this->number_of_perforations_; ++perfIdx) {
|
|
if (this->cells()[perfIdx] == cellIdx) {
|
|
const unsigned activeCompIdx = Indices::canonicalToActiveComponentIndex(FluidSystem::solventComponentIndex(phaseIdx));
|
|
return connectionRates_[perfIdx][activeCompIdx].value();
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
// this is not thread safe
|
|
OPM_THROW(std::invalid_argument, "The well with name " + this->name()
|
|
+ " does not perforate cell " + std::to_string(cellIdx));
|
|
return 0.0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
template<typename TypeTag>
|
|
void
|
|
WellInterface<TypeTag>::
|
|
checkWellOperability(const Simulator& ebos_simulator,
|
|
const WellState& well_state,
|
|
DeferredLogger& deferred_logger)
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
if (!param_.check_well_operability_) {
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if (this->wellIsStopped() && !changed_to_stopped_this_step_) {
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
updateWellOperability(ebos_simulator, well_state, deferred_logger);
|
|
if (!this->operability_status_.isOperableAndSolvable()) {
|
|
this->operability_status_.use_vfpexplicit = true;
|
|
deferred_logger.debug("EXPLICIT_LOOKUP_VFP",
|
|
"well not operable, trying with explicit vfp lookup: " + this->name());
|
|
updateWellOperability(ebos_simulator, well_state, deferred_logger);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
template<typename TypeTag>
|
|
void
|
|
WellInterface<TypeTag>::
|
|
gliftBeginTimeStepWellTestUpdateALQ(const Simulator& ebos_simulator,
|
|
WellState& well_state,
|
|
DeferredLogger& deferred_logger)
|
|
{
|
|
const auto& summary_state = ebos_simulator.vanguard().summaryState();
|
|
const auto& well_name = this->name();
|
|
if (!this->wellHasTHPConstraints(summary_state)) {
|
|
const std::string msg = fmt::format("GLIFT WTEST: Well {} does not have THP constraints", well_name);
|
|
deferred_logger.info(msg);
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|
|
const auto& well_ecl = this->wellEcl();
|
|
const auto& schedule = ebos_simulator.vanguard().schedule();
|
|
auto report_step_idx = ebos_simulator.episodeIndex();
|
|
const auto& glo = schedule.glo(report_step_idx);
|
|
if (!glo.has_well(well_name)) {
|
|
const std::string msg = fmt::format(
|
|
"GLIFT WTEST: Well {} : Gas Lift not activated: "
|
|
"WLIFTOPT is probably missing. Skipping.", well_name);
|
|
deferred_logger.info(msg);
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|
|
const auto& gl_well = glo.well(well_name);
|
|
auto& max_alq_optional = gl_well.max_rate();
|
|
double max_alq;
|
|
if (max_alq_optional) {
|
|
max_alq = *max_alq_optional;
|
|
}
|
|
else {
|
|
const auto& controls = well_ecl.productionControls(summary_state);
|
|
const auto& table = this->vfpProperties()->getProd()->getTable(controls.vfp_table_number);
|
|
const auto& alq_values = table.getALQAxis();
|
|
max_alq = alq_values.back();
|
|
}
|
|
well_state.setALQ(well_name, max_alq);
|
|
const std::string msg = fmt::format(
|
|
"GLIFT WTEST: Well {} : Setting ALQ to max value: {}",
|
|
well_name, max_alq);
|
|
deferred_logger.info(msg);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
template<typename TypeTag>
|
|
void
|
|
WellInterface<TypeTag>::
|
|
updateWellOperability(const Simulator& ebos_simulator,
|
|
const WellState& well_state,
|
|
DeferredLogger& deferred_logger)
|
|
{
|
|
this->operability_status_.resetOperability();
|
|
|
|
bool thp_controled = this->isInjector() ? well_state.well(this->index_of_well_).injection_cmode == Well::InjectorCMode::THP:
|
|
well_state.well(this->index_of_well_).production_cmode == Well::ProducerCMode::THP;
|
|
bool bhp_controled = this->isInjector() ? well_state.well(this->index_of_well_).injection_cmode == Well::InjectorCMode::BHP:
|
|
well_state.well(this->index_of_well_).production_cmode == Well::ProducerCMode::BHP;
|
|
|
|
// Operability checking is not free
|
|
// Only check wells under BHP and THP control
|
|
bool check_thp = thp_controled || this->operability_status_.thp_limit_violated_but_not_switched;
|
|
if (check_thp || bhp_controled) {
|
|
updateIPR(ebos_simulator, deferred_logger);
|
|
checkOperabilityUnderBHPLimit(well_state, ebos_simulator, deferred_logger);
|
|
}
|
|
// we do some extra checking for wells under THP control.
|
|
if (check_thp) {
|
|
checkOperabilityUnderTHPLimit(ebos_simulator, well_state, deferred_logger);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
template<typename TypeTag>
|
|
void
|
|
WellInterface<TypeTag>::
|
|
updateWellStateWithTarget(const Simulator& ebos_simulator,
|
|
const GroupState& group_state,
|
|
WellState& well_state,
|
|
DeferredLogger& deferred_logger) const
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
// only bhp and wellRates are used to initilize the primaryvariables for standard wells
|
|
const auto& well = this->well_ecl_;
|
|
const int well_index = this->index_of_well_;
|
|
auto& ws = well_state.well(well_index);
|
|
const auto& pu = this->phaseUsage();
|
|
const int np = well_state.numPhases();
|
|
const auto& summaryState = ebos_simulator.vanguard().summaryState();
|
|
const auto& schedule = ebos_simulator.vanguard().schedule();
|
|
|
|
if (this->wellIsStopped()) {
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[p] = 0;
|
|
}
|
|
ws.thp = 0;
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if (this->isInjector() )
|
|
{
|
|
const auto& controls = well.injectionControls(summaryState);
|
|
|
|
InjectorType injectorType = controls.injector_type;
|
|
int phasePos;
|
|
switch (injectorType) {
|
|
case InjectorType::WATER:
|
|
{
|
|
phasePos = pu.phase_pos[BlackoilPhases::Aqua];
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
case InjectorType::OIL:
|
|
{
|
|
phasePos = pu.phase_pos[BlackoilPhases::Liquid];
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
case InjectorType::GAS:
|
|
{
|
|
phasePos = pu.phase_pos[BlackoilPhases::Vapour];
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
default:
|
|
OPM_DEFLOG_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Expected WATER, OIL or GAS as type for injectors " + this->name(), deferred_logger );
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
const auto current = ws.injection_cmode;
|
|
|
|
switch(current) {
|
|
case Well::InjectorCMode::RATE:
|
|
{
|
|
ws.surface_rates[phasePos] = (1.0 - this->rsRvInj()) * controls.surface_rate;
|
|
if(this->rsRvInj() > 0) {
|
|
if (injectorType == InjectorType::OIL && FluidSystem::phaseIsActive(FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx)) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[pu.phase_pos[BlackoilPhases::Vapour]] = controls.surface_rate * this->rsRvInj();
|
|
} else if (injectorType == InjectorType::GAS && FluidSystem::phaseIsActive(FluidSystem::oilPhaseIdx)) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[pu.phase_pos[BlackoilPhases::Liquid]] = controls.surface_rate * this->rsRvInj();
|
|
} else {
|
|
OPM_DEFLOG_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Expected OIL or GAS as type for injectors when RS/RV (item 10) is non-zero " + this->name(), deferred_logger );
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
case Well::InjectorCMode::RESV:
|
|
{
|
|
std::vector<double> convert_coeff(this->number_of_phases_, 1.0);
|
|
this->rateConverter_.calcCoeff(/*fipreg*/ 0, this->pvtRegionIdx_, convert_coeff);
|
|
const double coeff = convert_coeff[phasePos];
|
|
ws.surface_rates[phasePos] = controls.reservoir_rate/coeff;
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
case Well::InjectorCMode::THP:
|
|
{
|
|
auto rates = ws.surface_rates;
|
|
double bhp = this->calculateBhpFromThp(well_state, rates, well, summaryState, this->getRefDensity(), deferred_logger);
|
|
ws.bhp = bhp;
|
|
|
|
// if the total rates are negative or zero
|
|
// we try to provide a better intial well rate
|
|
// using the well potentials
|
|
double total_rate = std::accumulate(rates.begin(), rates.end(), 0.0);
|
|
if (total_rate <= 0.0)
|
|
ws.surface_rates = ws.well_potentials;
|
|
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
case Well::InjectorCMode::BHP:
|
|
{
|
|
ws.bhp = controls.bhp_limit;
|
|
double total_rate = 0.0;
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
total_rate += ws.surface_rates[p];
|
|
}
|
|
// if the total rates are negative or zero
|
|
// we try to provide a better intial well rate
|
|
// using the well potentials
|
|
if (total_rate <= 0.0)
|
|
ws.surface_rates = ws.well_potentials;
|
|
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
case Well::InjectorCMode::GRUP:
|
|
{
|
|
assert(well.isAvailableForGroupControl());
|
|
const auto& group = schedule.getGroup(well.groupName(), this->currentStep());
|
|
const double efficiencyFactor = well.getEfficiencyFactor();
|
|
std::optional<double> target =
|
|
this->getGroupInjectionTargetRate(group,
|
|
well_state,
|
|
group_state,
|
|
schedule,
|
|
summaryState,
|
|
injectorType,
|
|
efficiencyFactor,
|
|
deferred_logger);
|
|
if (target)
|
|
ws.surface_rates[phasePos] = *target;
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
case Well::InjectorCMode::CMODE_UNDEFINED:
|
|
{
|
|
OPM_DEFLOG_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Well control must be specified for well " + this->name(), deferred_logger );
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
// for wells with zero injection rate, if we assign exactly zero rate,
|
|
// we will have to assume some trivial composition in the wellbore.
|
|
// here, we use some small value (about 0.01 m^3/day ~= 1.e-7) to initialize
|
|
// the zero rate target, then we can use to retain the composition information
|
|
// within the wellbore from the previous result, and hopefully it is a good
|
|
// initial guess for the zero rate target.
|
|
ws.surface_rates[phasePos] = std::max(1.e-7, ws.surface_rates[phasePos]);
|
|
}
|
|
//Producer
|
|
else
|
|
{
|
|
const auto current = ws.production_cmode;
|
|
const auto& controls = well.productionControls(summaryState);
|
|
switch (current) {
|
|
case Well::ProducerCMode::ORAT:
|
|
{
|
|
double current_rate = -ws.surface_rates[ pu.phase_pos[Oil] ];
|
|
// for trivial rates or opposite direction we don't just scale the rates
|
|
// but use either the potentials or the mobility ratio to initial the well rates
|
|
if (current_rate > 0.0) {
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[p] *= controls.oil_rate/current_rate;
|
|
}
|
|
} else {
|
|
const std::vector<double> fractions = initialWellRateFractions(ebos_simulator, well_state);
|
|
double control_fraction = fractions[pu.phase_pos[Oil]];
|
|
if (control_fraction != 0.0) {
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[p] = - fractions[p] * controls.oil_rate/control_fraction;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
case Well::ProducerCMode::WRAT:
|
|
{
|
|
double current_rate = -ws.surface_rates[ pu.phase_pos[Water] ];
|
|
// for trivial rates or opposite direction we don't just scale the rates
|
|
// but use either the potentials or the mobility ratio to initial the well rates
|
|
if (current_rate > 0.0) {
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[p] *= controls.water_rate/current_rate;
|
|
}
|
|
} else {
|
|
const std::vector<double> fractions = initialWellRateFractions(ebos_simulator, well_state);
|
|
double control_fraction = fractions[pu.phase_pos[Water]];
|
|
if (control_fraction != 0.0) {
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[p] = - fractions[p] * controls.water_rate/control_fraction;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
case Well::ProducerCMode::GRAT:
|
|
{
|
|
double current_rate = -ws.surface_rates[pu.phase_pos[Gas] ];
|
|
// or trivial rates or opposite direction we don't just scale the rates
|
|
// but use either the potentials or the mobility ratio to initial the well rates
|
|
if (current_rate > 0.0) {
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[p] *= controls.gas_rate/current_rate;
|
|
}
|
|
} else {
|
|
const std::vector<double> fractions = initialWellRateFractions(ebos_simulator, well_state);
|
|
double control_fraction = fractions[pu.phase_pos[Gas]];
|
|
if (control_fraction != 0.0) {
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[p] = - fractions[p] * controls.gas_rate/control_fraction;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
case Well::ProducerCMode::LRAT:
|
|
{
|
|
double current_rate = -ws.surface_rates[ pu.phase_pos[Water] ]
|
|
- ws.surface_rates[ pu.phase_pos[Oil] ];
|
|
// or trivial rates or opposite direction we don't just scale the rates
|
|
// but use either the potentials or the mobility ratio to initial the well rates
|
|
if (current_rate > 0.0) {
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[p] *= controls.liquid_rate/current_rate;
|
|
}
|
|
} else {
|
|
const std::vector<double> fractions = initialWellRateFractions(ebos_simulator, well_state);
|
|
double control_fraction = fractions[pu.phase_pos[Water]] + fractions[pu.phase_pos[Oil]];
|
|
if (control_fraction != 0.0) {
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[p] = - fractions[p] * controls.liquid_rate / control_fraction;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
case Well::ProducerCMode::CRAT:
|
|
{
|
|
OPM_DEFLOG_THROW(std::runtime_error, "CRAT control not supported " << this->name(), deferred_logger);
|
|
}
|
|
case Well::ProducerCMode::RESV:
|
|
{
|
|
std::vector<double> convert_coeff(this->number_of_phases_, 1.0);
|
|
this->rateConverter_.calcCoeff(/*fipreg*/ 0, this->pvtRegionIdx_, convert_coeff);
|
|
double total_res_rate = 0.0;
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
total_res_rate -= ws.surface_rates[p] * convert_coeff[p];
|
|
}
|
|
if (controls.prediction_mode) {
|
|
// or trivial rates or opposite direction we don't just scale the rates
|
|
// but use either the potentials or the mobility ratio to initial the well rates
|
|
if (total_res_rate > 0.0) {
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[p] *= controls.resv_rate/total_res_rate;
|
|
}
|
|
} else {
|
|
const std::vector<double> fractions = initialWellRateFractions(ebos_simulator, well_state);
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[p] = - fractions[p] * controls.resv_rate / convert_coeff[p];
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
} else {
|
|
std::vector<double> hrates(this->number_of_phases_,0.);
|
|
if (FluidSystem::phaseIsActive(FluidSystem::waterPhaseIdx)) {
|
|
hrates[pu.phase_pos[Water]] = controls.water_rate;
|
|
}
|
|
if (FluidSystem::phaseIsActive(FluidSystem::oilPhaseIdx)) {
|
|
hrates[pu.phase_pos[Oil]] = controls.oil_rate;
|
|
}
|
|
if (FluidSystem::phaseIsActive(FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx)) {
|
|
hrates[pu.phase_pos[Gas]] = controls.gas_rate;
|
|
}
|
|
std::vector<double> hrates_resv(this->number_of_phases_,0.);
|
|
this->rateConverter_.calcReservoirVoidageRates(/*fipreg*/ 0, this->pvtRegionIdx_, hrates, hrates_resv);
|
|
double target = std::accumulate(hrates_resv.begin(), hrates_resv.end(), 0.0);
|
|
// or trivial rates or opposite direction we don't just scale the rates
|
|
// but use either the potentials or the mobility ratio to initial the well rates
|
|
if (total_res_rate > 0.0) {
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[p] *= target/total_res_rate;
|
|
}
|
|
} else {
|
|
const std::vector<double> fractions = initialWellRateFractions(ebos_simulator, well_state);
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[p] = - fractions[p] * target / convert_coeff[p];
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
case Well::ProducerCMode::BHP:
|
|
{
|
|
ws.bhp = controls.bhp_limit;
|
|
double total_rate = 0.0;
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
total_rate -= ws.surface_rates[p];
|
|
}
|
|
// if the total rates are negative or zero
|
|
// we try to provide a better intial well rate
|
|
// using the well potentials
|
|
if (total_rate <= 0.0){
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[p] = -ws.well_potentials[p];
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
case Well::ProducerCMode::THP:
|
|
{
|
|
auto rates = ws.surface_rates;
|
|
this->adaptRatesForVFP(rates);
|
|
double bhp = this->calculateBhpFromThp(well_state, rates, well, summaryState, this->getRefDensity(), deferred_logger);
|
|
ws.bhp = bhp;
|
|
|
|
// if the total rates are negative or zero
|
|
// we try to provide a better intial well rate
|
|
// using the well potentials
|
|
double total_rate = -std::accumulate(rates.begin(), rates.end(), 0.0);
|
|
if (total_rate <= 0.0){
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[p] = -ws.well_potentials[p];
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
case Well::ProducerCMode::GRUP:
|
|
{
|
|
assert(well.isAvailableForGroupControl());
|
|
const auto& group = schedule.getGroup(well.groupName(), this->currentStep());
|
|
const double efficiencyFactor = well.getEfficiencyFactor();
|
|
double scale = this->getGroupProductionTargetRate(group,
|
|
well_state,
|
|
group_state,
|
|
schedule,
|
|
summaryState,
|
|
efficiencyFactor);
|
|
|
|
// we don't want to scale with zero and get zero rates.
|
|
if (scale > 0) {
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[p] *= scale;
|
|
}
|
|
ws.trivial_target = false;
|
|
} else {
|
|
ws.trivial_target = true;
|
|
}
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
case Well::ProducerCMode::CMODE_UNDEFINED:
|
|
case Well::ProducerCMode::NONE:
|
|
{
|
|
OPM_DEFLOG_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Well control must be specified for well " + this->name() , deferred_logger);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
break;
|
|
} // end of switch
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
template<typename TypeTag>
|
|
std::vector<double>
|
|
WellInterface<TypeTag>::
|
|
initialWellRateFractions(const Simulator& ebosSimulator, const WellState& well_state) const
|
|
{
|
|
const int np = this->number_of_phases_;
|
|
std::vector<double> scaling_factor(np);
|
|
const auto& ws = well_state.well(this->index_of_well_);
|
|
|
|
double total_potentials = 0.0;
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
total_potentials += ws.well_potentials[p];
|
|
}
|
|
if (total_potentials > 0) {
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
scaling_factor[p] = ws.well_potentials[p] / total_potentials;
|
|
}
|
|
return scaling_factor;
|
|
}
|
|
// if we don't have any potentials we weight it using the mobilites
|
|
// We only need approximation so we don't bother with the vapporized oil and dissolved gas
|
|
double total_tw = 0;
|
|
const int nperf = this->number_of_perforations_;
|
|
for (int perf = 0; perf < nperf; ++perf) {
|
|
total_tw += this->well_index_[perf];
|
|
}
|
|
for (int perf = 0; perf < nperf; ++perf) {
|
|
const int cell_idx = this->well_cells_[perf];
|
|
const auto& intQuants = *(ebosSimulator.model().cachedIntensiveQuantities(cell_idx, /*timeIdx=*/0));
|
|
const auto& fs = intQuants.fluidState();
|
|
const double well_tw_fraction = this->well_index_[perf] / total_tw;
|
|
double total_mobility = 0.0;
|
|
for (int p = 0; p < np; ++p) {
|
|
int ebosPhaseIdx = this->flowPhaseToEbosPhaseIdx(p);
|
|
total_mobility += fs.invB(ebosPhaseIdx).value() * intQuants.mobility(ebosPhaseIdx).value();
|
|
}
|
|
for (int p = 0; p < np; ++p) {
|
|
int ebosPhaseIdx = this->flowPhaseToEbosPhaseIdx(p);
|
|
scaling_factor[p] += well_tw_fraction * fs.invB(ebosPhaseIdx).value() * intQuants.mobility(ebosPhaseIdx).value() / total_mobility;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
return scaling_factor;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
template <typename TypeTag>
|
|
void
|
|
WellInterface<TypeTag>::
|
|
updateWellStateRates(const Simulator& ebosSimulator,
|
|
WellState& well_state,
|
|
DeferredLogger& deferred_logger) const
|
|
{
|
|
// Check if the rates of this well only are single-phase, do nothing
|
|
// if more than one nonzero rate.
|
|
auto& ws = well_state.well(this->index_of_well_);
|
|
int nonzero_rate_index = -1;
|
|
const double floating_point_error_epsilon = 1e-14;
|
|
for (int p = 0; p < this->number_of_phases_; ++p) {
|
|
if (std::abs(ws.surface_rates[p]) > floating_point_error_epsilon) {
|
|
if (nonzero_rate_index == -1) {
|
|
nonzero_rate_index = p;
|
|
} else {
|
|
// More than one nonzero rate.
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Calculate the rates that follow from the current primary variables.
|
|
std::vector<double> well_q_s = computeCurrentWellRates(ebosSimulator, deferred_logger);
|
|
|
|
if (nonzero_rate_index == -1) {
|
|
// No nonzero rates.
|
|
// Use the computed rate directly
|
|
for (int p = 0; p < this->number_of_phases_; ++p) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[p] = well_q_s[this->flowPhaseToEbosCompIdx(p)];
|
|
}
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Set the currently-zero phase flows to be nonzero in proportion to well_q_s.
|
|
const double initial_nonzero_rate = ws.surface_rates[nonzero_rate_index];
|
|
const int comp_idx_nz = this->flowPhaseToEbosCompIdx(nonzero_rate_index);
|
|
for (int p = 0; p < this->number_of_phases_; ++p) {
|
|
if (p != nonzero_rate_index) {
|
|
const int comp_idx = this->flowPhaseToEbosCompIdx(p);
|
|
double& rate = ws.surface_rates[p];
|
|
rate = (initial_nonzero_rate/well_q_s[comp_idx_nz]) * (well_q_s[comp_idx]);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
template<typename TypeTag>
|
|
typename WellInterface<TypeTag>::Eval
|
|
WellInterface<TypeTag>::getPerfCellPressure(const typename WellInterface<TypeTag>::FluidState& fs) const
|
|
{
|
|
Eval pressure;
|
|
if (Indices::oilEnabled) {
|
|
pressure = fs.pressure(FluidSystem::oilPhaseIdx);
|
|
} else {
|
|
if (Indices::waterEnabled) {
|
|
pressure = fs.pressure(FluidSystem::waterPhaseIdx);
|
|
} else {
|
|
pressure = fs.pressure(FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
return pressure;
|
|
}
|
|
} // namespace Opm
|