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617 lines
26 KiB
C++
617 lines
26 KiB
C++
// -*- mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*-
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// vi: set et ts=4 sw=4 sts=4:
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/*
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This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).
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OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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GNU General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with OPM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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Consult the COPYING file in the top-level source directory of this
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module for the precise wording of the license and the list of
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copyright holders.
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*/
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/*!
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* \file
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*
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* \brief Contains the classes required to extend the black-oil model to include the effects of foam.
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*/
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#ifndef EWOMS_BLACK_OIL_FOAM_MODULE_HH
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#define EWOMS_BLACK_OIL_FOAM_MODULE_HH
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#include "blackoilproperties.hh"
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#include <dune/common/fvector.hh>
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#include <opm/common/OpmLog/OpmLog.hpp>
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#if HAVE_ECL_INPUT
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#include <opm/input/eclipse/EclipseState/EclipseState.hpp>
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#include <opm/input/eclipse/EclipseState/Tables/FoamadsTable.hpp>
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#include <opm/input/eclipse/EclipseState/Tables/FoammobTable.hpp>
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#endif
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#include <opm/models/blackoil/blackoilfoamparams.hh>
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#include <opm/models/discretization/common/fvbaseparameters.hh>
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#include <opm/models/discretization/common/fvbaseproperties.hh>
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#include <string>
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namespace Opm {
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/*!
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* \ingroup BlackOil
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* \brief Contains the high level supplements required to extend the black oil
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* model to include the effects of foam.
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*/
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template <class TypeTag, bool enableFoamV = getPropValue<TypeTag, Properties::EnableFoam>()>
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class BlackOilFoamModule
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{
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using Scalar = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Scalar>;
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using Evaluation = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Evaluation>;
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using PrimaryVariables = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::PrimaryVariables>;
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using IntensiveQuantities = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::IntensiveQuantities>;
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using ExtensiveQuantities = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::ExtensiveQuantities>;
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using ElementContext = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::ElementContext>;
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using FluidSystem = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::FluidSystem>;
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using Model = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Model>;
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using Simulator = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Simulator>;
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using EqVector = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::EqVector>;
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using RateVector = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::RateVector>;
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using Indices = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Indices>;
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using Toolbox = MathToolbox<Evaluation>;
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using TabulatedFunction = typename BlackOilFoamParams<Scalar>::TabulatedFunction;
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static constexpr unsigned foamConcentrationIdx = Indices::foamConcentrationIdx;
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static constexpr unsigned contiFoamEqIdx = Indices::contiFoamEqIdx;
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static constexpr unsigned gasPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx;
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static constexpr unsigned waterPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::waterPhaseIdx;
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static constexpr unsigned enableFoam = enableFoamV;
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static constexpr unsigned numEq = getPropValue<TypeTag, Properties::NumEq>();
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static constexpr unsigned numPhases = FluidSystem::numPhases;
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enum { enableSolvent = getPropValue<TypeTag, Properties::EnableSolvent>() };
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public:
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#if HAVE_ECL_INPUT
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/*!
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* \brief Initialize all internal data structures needed by the foam module
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*/
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static void initFromState(const EclipseState& eclState)
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{
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// some sanity checks: if foam is enabled, the FOAM keyword must be
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// present, if foam is disabled the keyword must not be present.
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if (enableFoam && !eclState.runspec().phases().active(Phase::FOAM)) {
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throw std::runtime_error("Non-trivial foam treatment requested at compile time, but "
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"the deck does not contain the FOAM keyword");
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}
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else if (!enableFoam && eclState.runspec().phases().active(Phase::FOAM)) {
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throw std::runtime_error("Foam treatment disabled at compile time, but the deck "
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"contains the FOAM keyword");
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}
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if (!eclState.runspec().phases().active(Phase::FOAM)) {
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return; // foam treatment is supposed to be disabled
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}
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params_.transport_phase_ = eclState.getInitConfig().getFoamConfig().getTransportPhase();
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if (eclState.getInitConfig().getFoamConfig().getMobilityModel() != FoamConfig::MobilityModel::TAB) {
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throw std::runtime_error("In FOAMOPTS, only TAB is allowed for the gas mobility factor reduction model.");
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}
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const auto& tableManager = eclState.getTableManager();
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const unsigned int numSatRegions = tableManager.getTabdims().getNumSatTables();
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params_.setNumSatRegions(numSatRegions);
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const unsigned int numPvtRegions = tableManager.getTabdims().getNumPVTTables();
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params_.gasMobilityMultiplierTable_.resize(numPvtRegions);
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// Get and check FOAMROCK data.
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const FoamConfig& foamConf = eclState.getInitConfig().getFoamConfig();
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if (numSatRegions != foamConf.size()) {
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throw std::runtime_error("Inconsistent sizes, number of saturation regions differ from the number of elements "
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"in FoamConfig, which typically corresponds to the number of records in FOAMROCK.");
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}
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// Get and check FOAMADS data.
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const auto& foamadsTables = tableManager.getFoamadsTables();
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if (foamadsTables.empty()) {
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throw std::runtime_error("FOAMADS must be specified in FOAM runs");
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}
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if (numSatRegions != foamadsTables.size()) {
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throw std::runtime_error("Inconsistent sizes, number of saturation regions differ from the "
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"number of FOAMADS tables.");
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}
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// Set data that vary with saturation region.
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for (std::size_t satReg = 0; satReg < numSatRegions; ++satReg) {
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const auto& rec = foamConf.getRecord(satReg);
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params_.foamCoefficients_[satReg] = typename BlackOilFoamParams<Scalar>::FoamCoefficients();
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params_.foamCoefficients_[satReg].fm_min = rec.minimumSurfactantConcentration();
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params_.foamCoefficients_[satReg].fm_surf = rec.referenceSurfactantConcentration();
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params_.foamCoefficients_[satReg].ep_surf = rec.exponent();
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params_.foamRockDensity_[satReg] = rec.rockDensity();
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params_.foamAllowDesorption_[satReg] = rec.allowDesorption();
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const auto& foamadsTable = foamadsTables.template getTable<FoamadsTable>(satReg);
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const auto& conc = foamadsTable.getFoamConcentrationColumn();
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const auto& ads = foamadsTable.getAdsorbedFoamColumn();
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params_.adsorbedFoamTable_[satReg].setXYContainers(conc, ads);
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}
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// Get and check FOAMMOB data.
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const auto& foammobTables = tableManager.getFoammobTables();
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if (foammobTables.empty()) {
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// When in the future adding support for the functional
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// model, FOAMMOB will not be required anymore (functional
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// family of keywords can be used instead, FOAMFSC etc.).
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throw std::runtime_error("FOAMMOB must be specified in FOAM runs");
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}
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if (numPvtRegions != foammobTables.size()) {
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throw std::runtime_error("Inconsistent sizes, number of PVT regions differ from the "
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"number of FOAMMOB tables.");
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}
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// Set data that vary with PVT region.
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for (std::size_t pvtReg = 0; pvtReg < numPvtRegions; ++pvtReg) {
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const auto& foammobTable = foammobTables.template getTable<FoammobTable>(pvtReg);
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const auto& conc = foammobTable.getFoamConcentrationColumn();
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const auto& mobMult = foammobTable.getMobilityMultiplierColumn();
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params_.gasMobilityMultiplierTable_[pvtReg].setXYContainers(conc, mobMult);
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}
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}
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#endif
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/*!
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* \brief Register all run-time parameters for the black-oil foam module.
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*/
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static void registerParameters()
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{
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}
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/*!
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* \brief Register all foam specific VTK and ECL output modules.
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*/
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static void registerOutputModules(Model&,
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Simulator&)
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{
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if constexpr (enableFoam) {
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if (Parameters::get<TypeTag, Parameters::EnableVtkOutput>()) {
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OpmLog::warning("VTK output requested, currently unsupported by the foam module.");
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}
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}
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//model.addOutputModule(new VtkBlackOilFoamModule<TypeTag>(simulator));
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}
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static bool primaryVarApplies(unsigned pvIdx)
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{
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if constexpr (enableFoam)
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return pvIdx == foamConcentrationIdx;
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else
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return false;
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}
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static std::string primaryVarName([[maybe_unused]] unsigned pvIdx)
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{
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assert(primaryVarApplies(pvIdx));
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return "foam_concentration";
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}
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static Scalar primaryVarWeight([[maybe_unused]] unsigned pvIdx)
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{
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assert(primaryVarApplies(pvIdx));
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// TODO: it may be beneficial to chose this differently.
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return static_cast<Scalar>(1.0);
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}
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static bool eqApplies(unsigned eqIdx)
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{
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if constexpr (enableFoam)
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return eqIdx == contiFoamEqIdx;
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else
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return false;
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}
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static std::string eqName([[maybe_unused]] unsigned eqIdx)
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{
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assert(eqApplies(eqIdx));
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return "conti^foam";
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}
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static Scalar eqWeight([[maybe_unused]] unsigned eqIdx)
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{
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assert(eqApplies(eqIdx));
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// TODO: it may be beneficial to chose this differently.
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return static_cast<Scalar>(1.0);
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}
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// must be called after water storage is computed
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template <class LhsEval>
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static void addStorage(Dune::FieldVector<LhsEval, numEq>& storage,
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const IntensiveQuantities& intQuants)
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{
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if constexpr (enableFoam) {
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const auto& fs = intQuants.fluidState();
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LhsEval surfaceVolume = Toolbox::template decay<LhsEval>(intQuants.porosity());
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if (params_.transport_phase_ == Phase::WATER) {
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surfaceVolume *= (Toolbox::template decay<LhsEval>(fs.saturation(waterPhaseIdx))
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* Toolbox::template decay<LhsEval>(fs.invB(waterPhaseIdx)));
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} else if (params_.transport_phase_ == Phase::GAS) {
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surfaceVolume *= (Toolbox::template decay<LhsEval>(fs.saturation(gasPhaseIdx))
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* Toolbox::template decay<LhsEval>(fs.invB(gasPhaseIdx)));
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} else if (params_.transport_phase_ == Phase::SOLVENT) {
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if constexpr (enableSolvent) {
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surfaceVolume *= (Toolbox::template decay<LhsEval>( intQuants.solventSaturation())
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* Toolbox::template decay<LhsEval>(intQuants.solventInverseFormationVolumeFactor()));
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}
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} else {
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throw std::runtime_error("Transport phase is GAS/WATER/SOLVENT");
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}
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// Avoid singular matrix if no gas is present.
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surfaceVolume = max(surfaceVolume, 1e-10);
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// Foam/surfactant in free phase.
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const LhsEval freeFoam = surfaceVolume
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* Toolbox::template decay<LhsEval>(intQuants.foamConcentration());
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// Adsorbed foam/surfactant.
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const LhsEval adsorbedFoam =
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Toolbox::template decay<LhsEval>(1.0 - intQuants.porosity())
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* Toolbox::template decay<LhsEval>(intQuants.foamRockDensity())
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* Toolbox::template decay<LhsEval>(intQuants.foamAdsorbed());
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LhsEval accumulationFoam = freeFoam + adsorbedFoam;
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storage[contiFoamEqIdx] += accumulationFoam;
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}
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}
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static void computeFlux([[maybe_unused]] RateVector& flux,
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[[maybe_unused]] const ElementContext& elemCtx,
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[[maybe_unused]] unsigned scvfIdx,
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[[maybe_unused]] unsigned timeIdx)
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{
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if constexpr (enableFoam) {
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const auto& extQuants = elemCtx.extensiveQuantities(scvfIdx, timeIdx);
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const unsigned inIdx = extQuants.interiorIndex();
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// The effect of the mobility reduction factor is
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// incorporated in the mobility for the relevant phase,
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// so fluxes do not need modification here.
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switch (transportPhase()) {
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case Phase::WATER: {
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const unsigned upIdx = extQuants.upstreamIndex(waterPhaseIdx);
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const auto& up = elemCtx.intensiveQuantities(upIdx, timeIdx);
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if (upIdx == inIdx) {
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flux[contiFoamEqIdx] =
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extQuants.volumeFlux(waterPhaseIdx)
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*up.fluidState().invB(waterPhaseIdx)
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*up.foamConcentration();
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} else {
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flux[contiFoamEqIdx] =
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extQuants.volumeFlux(waterPhaseIdx)
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*decay<Scalar>(up.fluidState().invB(waterPhaseIdx))
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*decay<Scalar>(up.foamConcentration());
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}
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break;
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}
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case Phase::GAS: {
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const unsigned upIdx = extQuants.upstreamIndex(gasPhaseIdx);
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const auto& up = elemCtx.intensiveQuantities(upIdx, timeIdx);
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if (upIdx == inIdx) {
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flux[contiFoamEqIdx] =
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extQuants.volumeFlux(gasPhaseIdx)
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*up.fluidState().invB(gasPhaseIdx)
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*up.foamConcentration();
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} else {
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flux[contiFoamEqIdx] =
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extQuants.volumeFlux(gasPhaseIdx)
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*decay<Scalar>(up.fluidState().invB(gasPhaseIdx))
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*decay<Scalar>(up.foamConcentration());
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}
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break;
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}
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case Phase::SOLVENT: {
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if constexpr (enableSolvent) {
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const unsigned upIdx = extQuants.solventUpstreamIndex();
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const auto& up = elemCtx.intensiveQuantities(upIdx, timeIdx);
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if (upIdx == inIdx) {
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flux[contiFoamEqIdx] =
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extQuants.solventVolumeFlux()
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*up.solventInverseFormationVolumeFactor()
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*up.foamConcentration();
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} else {
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flux[contiFoamEqIdx] =
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extQuants.solventVolumeFlux()
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*decay<Scalar>(up.solventInverseFormationVolumeFactor())
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*decay<Scalar>(up.foamConcentration());
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}
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} else {
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throw std::runtime_error("Foam transport phase is SOLVENT but SOLVENT is not activated.");
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}
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break;
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}
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default: {
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throw std::runtime_error("Foam transport phase must be GAS/WATER/SOLVENT.");
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}
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}
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}
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}
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/*!
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* \brief Return how much a Newton-Raphson update is considered an error
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*/
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static Scalar computeUpdateError(const PrimaryVariables&,
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const EqVector&)
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{
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// do not consider the change of foam primary variables for convergence
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// TODO: maybe this should be changed
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return static_cast<Scalar>(0.0);
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}
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template <class DofEntity>
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static void serializeEntity([[maybe_unused]] const Model& model,
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[[maybe_unused]] std::ostream& outstream,
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[[maybe_unused]] const DofEntity& dof)
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{
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if constexpr (enableFoam) {
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unsigned dofIdx = model.dofMapper().index(dof);
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const PrimaryVariables& priVars = model.solution(/*timeIdx=*/0)[dofIdx];
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outstream << priVars[foamConcentrationIdx];
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}
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}
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template <class DofEntity>
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static void deserializeEntity([[maybe_unused]] Model& model,
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[[maybe_unused]] std::istream& instream,
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[[maybe_unused]] const DofEntity& dof)
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{
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if constexpr (enableFoam) {
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unsigned dofIdx = model.dofMapper().index(dof);
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PrimaryVariables& priVars0 = model.solution(/*timeIdx=*/0)[dofIdx];
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PrimaryVariables& priVars1 = model.solution(/*timeIdx=*/1)[dofIdx];
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instream >> priVars0[foamConcentrationIdx];
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// set the primary variables for the beginning of the current time step.
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priVars1[foamConcentrationIdx] = priVars0[foamConcentrationIdx];
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}
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}
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static const Scalar foamRockDensity(const ElementContext& elemCtx,
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unsigned scvIdx,
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unsigned timeIdx)
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{
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unsigned satnumRegionIdx = elemCtx.problem().satnumRegionIndex(elemCtx, scvIdx, timeIdx);
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return params_.foamRockDensity_[satnumRegionIdx];
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}
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static bool foamAllowDesorption(const ElementContext& elemCtx,
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unsigned scvIdx,
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unsigned timeIdx)
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{
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unsigned satnumRegionIdx = elemCtx.problem().satnumRegionIndex(elemCtx, scvIdx, timeIdx);
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return params_.foamAllowDesorption_[satnumRegionIdx];
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}
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static const TabulatedFunction& adsorbedFoamTable(const ElementContext& elemCtx,
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unsigned scvIdx,
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unsigned timeIdx)
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{
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unsigned satnumRegionIdx = elemCtx.problem().satnumRegionIndex(elemCtx, scvIdx, timeIdx);
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return params_.adsorbedFoamTable_[satnumRegionIdx];
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}
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static const TabulatedFunction& gasMobilityMultiplierTable(const ElementContext& elemCtx,
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unsigned scvIdx,
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unsigned timeIdx)
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{
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unsigned pvtnumRegionIdx = elemCtx.problem().pvtRegionIndex(elemCtx, scvIdx, timeIdx);
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return params_.gasMobilityMultiplierTable_[pvtnumRegionIdx];
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}
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static const typename BlackOilFoamParams<Scalar>::FoamCoefficients&
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foamCoefficients(const ElementContext& elemCtx,
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const unsigned scvIdx,
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const unsigned timeIdx)
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{
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unsigned satnumRegionIdx = elemCtx.problem().satnumRegionIndex(elemCtx, scvIdx, timeIdx);
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return params_.foamCoefficients_[satnumRegionIdx];
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}
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static Phase transportPhase() {
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return params_.transport_phase_;
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}
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private:
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static BlackOilFoamParams<Scalar> params_;
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};
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template <class TypeTag, bool enableFoam>
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BlackOilFoamParams<typename BlackOilFoamModule<TypeTag, enableFoam>::Scalar>
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BlackOilFoamModule<TypeTag, enableFoam>::params_;
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/*!
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* \ingroup BlackOil
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* \class Opm::BlackOilFoamIntensiveQuantities
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*
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* \brief Provides the volumetric quantities required for the equations needed by the
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* polymers extension of the black-oil model.
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*/
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template <class TypeTag, bool enableFoam = getPropValue<TypeTag, Properties::EnableFoam>()>
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class BlackOilFoamIntensiveQuantities
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{
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using Implementation = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::IntensiveQuantities>;
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using Scalar = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Scalar>;
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using Evaluation = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Evaluation>;
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using PrimaryVariables = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::PrimaryVariables>;
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using FluidSystem = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::FluidSystem>;
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using MaterialLaw = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::MaterialLaw>;
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using Indices = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Indices>;
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using ElementContext = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::ElementContext>;
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using FoamModule = BlackOilFoamModule<TypeTag>;
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enum { numPhases = getPropValue<TypeTag, Properties::NumPhases>() };
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enum { enableSolvent = getPropValue<TypeTag, Properties::EnableSolvent>() };
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static constexpr int foamConcentrationIdx = Indices::foamConcentrationIdx;
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static constexpr unsigned waterPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::waterPhaseIdx;
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static constexpr unsigned oilPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::oilPhaseIdx;
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static constexpr int gasPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx;
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public:
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/*!
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* \brief Update the intensive properties needed to handle polymers from the
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* primary variables
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*
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*/
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void foamPropertiesUpdate_(const ElementContext& elemCtx,
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unsigned dofIdx,
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unsigned timeIdx)
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{
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const PrimaryVariables& priVars = elemCtx.primaryVars(dofIdx, timeIdx);
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foamConcentration_ = priVars.makeEvaluation(foamConcentrationIdx, timeIdx);
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const auto& fs = asImp_().fluidState_;
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// Compute gas mobility reduction factor
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Evaluation mobilityReductionFactor = 1.0;
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if (false) {
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// The functional model is used.
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// TODO: allow this model.
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// In order to do this we must allow transport to be in the water phase, not just the gas phase.
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const auto& foamCoefficients = FoamModule::foamCoefficients(elemCtx, dofIdx, timeIdx);
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const Scalar fm_mob = foamCoefficients.fm_mob;
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const Scalar fm_surf = foamCoefficients.fm_surf;
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const Scalar ep_surf = foamCoefficients.ep_surf;
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const Scalar fm_oil = foamCoefficients.fm_oil;
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const Scalar fl_oil = foamCoefficients.fl_oil;
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const Scalar ep_oil = foamCoefficients.ep_oil;
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const Scalar fm_dry = foamCoefficients.fm_dry;
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const Scalar ep_dry = foamCoefficients.ep_dry;
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const Scalar fm_cap = foamCoefficients.fm_cap;
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const Scalar ep_cap = foamCoefficients.ep_cap;
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const Evaluation C_surf = foamConcentration_;
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const Evaluation Ca = 1e10; // TODO: replace with proper capillary number.
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const Evaluation S_o = fs.saturation(oilPhaseIdx);
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const Evaluation S_w = fs.saturation(waterPhaseIdx);
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Evaluation F1 = pow(C_surf/fm_surf, ep_surf);
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Evaluation F2 = pow((fm_oil-S_o)/(fm_oil-fl_oil), ep_oil);
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Evaluation F3 = pow(fm_cap/Ca, ep_cap);
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Evaluation F7 = 0.5 + atan(ep_dry*(S_w-fm_dry))/M_PI;
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mobilityReductionFactor = 1./(1. + fm_mob*F1*F2*F3*F7);
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} else {
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// The tabular model is used.
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// Note that the current implementation only includes the effect of foam concentration (FOAMMOB),
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// and not the optional pressure dependence (FOAMMOBP) or shear dependence (FOAMMOBS).
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const auto& gasMobilityMultiplier = FoamModule::gasMobilityMultiplierTable(elemCtx, dofIdx, timeIdx);
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mobilityReductionFactor = gasMobilityMultiplier.eval(foamConcentration_, /* extrapolate = */ true);
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}
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// adjust mobility
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switch (FoamModule::transportPhase()) {
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case Phase::WATER: {
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asImp_().mobility_[waterPhaseIdx] *= mobilityReductionFactor;
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break;
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}
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case Phase::GAS: {
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asImp_().mobility_[gasPhaseIdx] *= mobilityReductionFactor;
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break;
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}
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case Phase::SOLVENT: {
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if constexpr (enableSolvent) {
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asImp_().solventMobility_ *= mobilityReductionFactor;
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} else {
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throw std::runtime_error("Foam transport phase is SOLVENT but SOLVENT is not activated.");
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}
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break;
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}
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default: {
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throw std::runtime_error("Foam transport phase must be GAS/WATER/SOLVENT.");
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}
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}
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foamRockDensity_ = FoamModule::foamRockDensity(elemCtx, dofIdx, timeIdx);
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const auto& adsorbedFoamTable = FoamModule::adsorbedFoamTable(elemCtx, dofIdx, timeIdx);
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foamAdsorbed_ = adsorbedFoamTable.eval(foamConcentration_, /*extrapolate=*/true);
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if (!FoamModule::foamAllowDesorption(elemCtx, dofIdx, timeIdx)) {
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throw std::runtime_error("Foam module does not support the 'no desorption' option.");
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}
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}
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const Evaluation& foamConcentration() const
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{ return foamConcentration_; }
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Scalar foamRockDensity() const
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{ return foamRockDensity_; }
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const Evaluation& foamAdsorbed() const
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{ return foamAdsorbed_; }
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protected:
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Implementation& asImp_()
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{ return *static_cast<Implementation*>(this); }
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Evaluation foamConcentration_;
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Scalar foamRockDensity_;
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Evaluation foamAdsorbed_;
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};
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template <class TypeTag>
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class BlackOilFoamIntensiveQuantities<TypeTag, false>
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{
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using Evaluation = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Evaluation>;
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using ElementContext = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::ElementContext>;
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using Scalar = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Scalar>;
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public:
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void foamPropertiesUpdate_(const ElementContext&,
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unsigned,
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unsigned)
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{ }
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const Evaluation& foamConcentration() const
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{ throw std::runtime_error("foamConcentration() called but foam is disabled"); }
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Scalar foamRockDensity() const
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{ throw std::runtime_error("foamRockDensity() called but foam is disabled"); }
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Scalar foamAdsorbed() const
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{ throw std::runtime_error("foamAdsorbed() called but foam is disabled"); }
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};
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} // namespace Opm
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#endif
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