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594 lines
24 KiB
C++
594 lines
24 KiB
C++
// -*- mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*-
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// vi: set et ts=4 sw=4 sts=4:
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/*
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This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).
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OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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GNU General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with OPM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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Consult the COPYING file in the top-level source directory of this
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module for the precise wording of the license and the list of
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copyright holders.
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*/
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/*!
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* \file
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*
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* \brief This file contains the flux module which is used for ECL problems
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*
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* This approach to fluxes is very specific to two-point flux approximation and applies
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* what the Eclipse Technical Description calls the "NEWTRAN" transmissibility approach.
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*/
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#ifndef EWOMS_ECL_FLUX_MODULE_HH
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#define EWOMS_ECL_FLUX_MODULE_HH
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#include <dune/common/fvector.hh>
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#include <dune/common/fmatrix.hh>
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#include <opm/common/OpmLog/OpmLog.hpp>
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#include <opm/input/eclipse/EclipseState/Grid/FaceDir.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/common/MathToolbox.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/common/Valgrind.hpp>
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#include <opm/models/discretization/common/fvbaseproperties.hh>
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#include <opm/models/blackoil/blackoilproperties.hh>
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#include <opm/models/utils/signum.hh>
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#include <array>
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namespace Opm {
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template <class TypeTag>
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class EclTransIntensiveQuantities;
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template <class TypeTag>
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class EclTransExtensiveQuantities;
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template <class TypeTag>
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class EclTransBaseProblem;
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/*!
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* \ingroup EclBlackOilSimulator
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* \brief Specifies a flux module which uses ECL transmissibilities.
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*/
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template <class TypeTag>
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struct EclTransFluxModule
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{
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using FluxIntensiveQuantities = EclTransIntensiveQuantities<TypeTag>;
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using FluxExtensiveQuantities = EclTransExtensiveQuantities<TypeTag>;
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using FluxBaseProblem = EclTransBaseProblem<TypeTag>;
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/*!
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* \brief Register all run-time parameters for the flux module.
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*/
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static void registerParameters()
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{ }
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};
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/*!
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* \ingroup EclBlackOilSimulator
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* \brief Provides the defaults for the parameters required by the
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* transmissibility based volume flux calculation.
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*/
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template <class TypeTag>
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class EclTransBaseProblem
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{ };
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/*!
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* \ingroup EclBlackOilSimulator
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* \brief Provides the intensive quantities for the ECL flux module
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*/
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template <class TypeTag>
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class EclTransIntensiveQuantities
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{
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using ElementContext = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::ElementContext>;
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protected:
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void update_(const ElementContext&, unsigned, unsigned)
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{ }
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};
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/*!
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* \ingroup EclBlackOilSimulator
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* \brief Provides the ECL flux module
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*/
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template <class TypeTag>
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class EclTransExtensiveQuantities
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{
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using Implementation = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::ExtensiveQuantities>;
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using IntensiveQuantities = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::IntensiveQuantities>;
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using FluidSystem = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::FluidSystem>;
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using ElementContext = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::ElementContext>;
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using Scalar = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Scalar>;
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using Evaluation = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Evaluation>;
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using GridView = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::GridView>;
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using MaterialLaw = GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::MaterialLaw>;
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enum { dimWorld = GridView::dimensionworld };
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enum { gasPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx };
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enum { numPhases = FluidSystem::numPhases };
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enum { enableSolvent = getPropValue<TypeTag, Properties::EnableSolvent>() };
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enum { enableExtbo = getPropValue<TypeTag, Properties::EnableExtbo>() };
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enum { enableEnergy = getPropValue<TypeTag, Properties::EnableEnergy>() };
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using Toolbox = MathToolbox<Evaluation>;
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using DimVector = Dune::FieldVector<Scalar, dimWorld>;
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using EvalDimVector = Dune::FieldVector<Evaluation, dimWorld>;
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using DimMatrix = Dune::FieldMatrix<Scalar, dimWorld, dimWorld>;
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public:
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/*!
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* \brief Return the intrinsic permeability tensor at a face [m^2]
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*/
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const DimMatrix& intrinsicPermeability() const
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{
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throw std::invalid_argument("The ECL transmissibility module does not provide an explicit intrinsic permeability");
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}
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/*!
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* \brief Return the pressure potential gradient of a fluid phase at the
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* face's integration point [Pa/m]
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*
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* \param phaseIdx The index of the fluid phase
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*/
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const EvalDimVector& potentialGrad(unsigned) const
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{
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throw std::invalid_argument("The ECL transmissibility module does not provide explicit potential gradients");
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}
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/*!
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* \brief Return the gravity corrected pressure difference between the interior and
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* the exterior of a face.
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*
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* \param phaseIdx The index of the fluid phase
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*/
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const Evaluation& pressureDifference(unsigned phaseIdx) const
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{ return pressureDifference_[phaseIdx]; }
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/*!
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* \brief Return the filter velocity of a fluid phase at the face's integration point
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* [m/s]
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*
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* \param phaseIdx The index of the fluid phase
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*/
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const EvalDimVector& filterVelocity(unsigned) const
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{
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throw std::invalid_argument("The ECL transmissibility module does not provide explicit filter velocities");
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}
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/*!
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* \brief Return the volume flux of a fluid phase at the face's integration point
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* \f$[m^3/s / m^2]\f$
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*
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* This is the fluid volume of a phase per second and per square meter of face
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* area.
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*
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* \param phaseIdx The index of the fluid phase
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*/
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const Evaluation& volumeFlux(unsigned phaseIdx) const
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{ return volumeFlux_[phaseIdx]; }
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protected:
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/*!
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* \brief Returns the local index of the degree of freedom in which is
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* in upstream direction.
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*
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* i.e., the DOF which exhibits a higher effective pressure for
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* the given phase.
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*/
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unsigned upstreamIndex_(unsigned phaseIdx) const
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{
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assert(phaseIdx < numPhases);
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return upIdx_[phaseIdx];
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}
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/*!
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* \brief Returns the local index of the degree of freedom in which is
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* in downstream direction.
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*
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* i.e., the DOF which exhibits a lower effective pressure for the
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* given phase.
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*/
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unsigned downstreamIndex_(unsigned phaseIdx) const
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{
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assert(phaseIdx < numPhases);
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return dnIdx_[phaseIdx];
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}
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void updateSolvent(const ElementContext& elemCtx, unsigned scvfIdx, unsigned timeIdx)
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{ asImp_().updateVolumeFluxTrans(elemCtx, scvfIdx, timeIdx); }
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void updatePolymer(const ElementContext& elemCtx, unsigned scvfIdx, unsigned timeIdx)
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{ asImp_().updateShearMultipliers(elemCtx, scvfIdx, timeIdx); }
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public:
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static void volumeAndPhasePressureDifferences(std::array<short, numPhases>& upIdx,
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std::array<short, numPhases>& dnIdx,
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Evaluation (&volumeFlux)[numPhases],
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Evaluation (&pressureDifferences)[numPhases],
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const ElementContext& elemCtx,
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unsigned scvfIdx,
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unsigned timeIdx)
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{
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const auto& problem = elemCtx.problem();
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const auto& stencil = elemCtx.stencil(timeIdx);
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const auto& scvf = stencil.interiorFace(scvfIdx);
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unsigned interiorDofIdx = scvf.interiorIndex();
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unsigned exteriorDofIdx = scvf.exteriorIndex();
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assert(interiorDofIdx != exteriorDofIdx);
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unsigned I = stencil.globalSpaceIndex(interiorDofIdx);
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unsigned J = stencil.globalSpaceIndex(exteriorDofIdx);
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Scalar trans = problem.transmissibility(elemCtx, interiorDofIdx, exteriorDofIdx);
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Scalar faceArea = scvf.area();
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Scalar thpres = problem.thresholdPressure(I, J);
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// estimate the gravity correction: for performance reasons we use a simplified
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// approach for this flux module that assumes that gravity is constant and always
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// acts into the downwards direction. (i.e., no centrifuge experiments, sorry.)
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Scalar g = elemCtx.problem().gravity()[dimWorld - 1];
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const auto& intQuantsIn = elemCtx.intensiveQuantities(interiorDofIdx, timeIdx);
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const auto& intQuantsEx = elemCtx.intensiveQuantities(exteriorDofIdx, timeIdx);
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// this is quite hacky because the dune grid interface does not provide a
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// cellCenterDepth() method (so we ask the problem to provide it). The "good"
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// solution would be to take the Z coordinate of the element centroids, but since
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// ECL seems to like to be inconsistent on that front, it needs to be done like
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// here...
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Scalar zIn = problem.dofCenterDepth(elemCtx, interiorDofIdx, timeIdx);
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Scalar zEx = problem.dofCenterDepth(elemCtx, exteriorDofIdx, timeIdx);
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// the distances from the DOF's depths. (i.e., the additional depth of the
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// exterior DOF)
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Scalar distZ = zIn - zEx;
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Scalar Vin = elemCtx.dofVolume(interiorDofIdx, /*timeIdx=*/0);
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Scalar Vex = elemCtx.dofVolume(exteriorDofIdx, /*timeIdx=*/0);
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for (unsigned phaseIdx=0; phaseIdx < numPhases; phaseIdx++) {
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if (!FluidSystem::phaseIsActive(phaseIdx))
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continue;
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calculatePhasePressureDiff_(upIdx[phaseIdx],
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dnIdx[phaseIdx],
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pressureDifferences[phaseIdx],
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intQuantsIn,
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intQuantsEx,
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phaseIdx,//input
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interiorDofIdx,//input
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exteriorDofIdx,//input
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Vin,
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Vex,
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I,
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J,
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distZ*g,
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thpres);
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if (pressureDifferences[phaseIdx] == 0) {
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volumeFlux[phaseIdx] = 0.0;
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continue;
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}
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const bool upwindIsInterior = (static_cast<unsigned>(upIdx[phaseIdx]) == interiorDofIdx);
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const IntensiveQuantities& up = upwindIsInterior ? intQuantsIn : intQuantsEx;
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// TODO: should the rock compaction transmissibility multiplier be upstreamed
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// or averaged? all fluids should see the same compaction?!
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const Evaluation& transMult = up.rockCompTransMultiplier();
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const auto& materialLawManager = problem.materialLawManager();
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FaceDir::DirEnum facedir = FaceDir::DirEnum::Unknown;
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if (materialLawManager->hasDirectionalRelperms()) {
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facedir = scvf.faceDirFromDirId(); // direction (X, Y, or Z) of the face
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}
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if (upwindIsInterior)
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volumeFlux[phaseIdx] =
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pressureDifferences[phaseIdx]*up.mobility(phaseIdx, facedir)*transMult*(-trans/faceArea);
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else
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volumeFlux[phaseIdx] =
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pressureDifferences[phaseIdx]*
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(Toolbox::value(up.mobility(phaseIdx, facedir))*Toolbox::value(transMult)*(-trans/faceArea));
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}
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}
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template<class EvalType>
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static void calculatePhasePressureDiff_(short& upIdx,
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short& dnIdx,
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EvalType& pressureDifference,
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const IntensiveQuantities& intQuantsIn,
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const IntensiveQuantities& intQuantsEx,
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const unsigned phaseIdx,
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const unsigned interiorDofIdx,
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const unsigned exteriorDofIdx,
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const Scalar Vin,
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const Scalar Vex,
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const unsigned globalIndexIn,
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const unsigned globalIndexEx,
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const Scalar distZg,
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const Scalar thpres
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)
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{
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// check shortcut: if the mobility of the phase is zero in the interior as
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// well as the exterior DOF, we can skip looking at the phase.
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if (intQuantsIn.mobility(phaseIdx) <= 0.0 &&
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intQuantsEx.mobility(phaseIdx) <= 0.0)
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{
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upIdx = interiorDofIdx;
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dnIdx = exteriorDofIdx;
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pressureDifference = 0.0;
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return;
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}
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// do the gravity correction: compute the hydrostatic pressure for the
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// external at the depth of the internal one
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const Evaluation& rhoIn = intQuantsIn.fluidState().density(phaseIdx);
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Scalar rhoEx = Toolbox::value(intQuantsEx.fluidState().density(phaseIdx));
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Evaluation rhoAvg = (rhoIn + rhoEx)/2;
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const Evaluation& pressureInterior = intQuantsIn.fluidState().pressure(phaseIdx);
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Evaluation pressureExterior = Toolbox::value(intQuantsEx.fluidState().pressure(phaseIdx));
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if (enableExtbo) // added stability; particulary useful for solvent migrating in pure water
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// where the solvent fraction displays a 0/1 behaviour ...
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pressureExterior += Toolbox::value(rhoAvg)*(distZg);
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else
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pressureExterior += rhoAvg*(distZg);
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pressureDifference = pressureExterior - pressureInterior;
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// decide the upstream index for the phase. for this we make sure that the
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// degree of freedom which is regarded upstream if both pressures are equal
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// is always the same: if the pressure is equal, the DOF with the lower
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// global index is regarded to be the upstream one.
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if (pressureDifference > 0.0) {
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upIdx = exteriorDofIdx;
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dnIdx = interiorDofIdx;
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}
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else if (pressureDifference < 0.0) {
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upIdx = interiorDofIdx;
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dnIdx = exteriorDofIdx;
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}
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else {
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// if the pressure difference is zero, we chose the DOF which has the
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// larger volume associated to it as upstream DOF
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if (Vin > Vex) {
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upIdx = interiorDofIdx;
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dnIdx = exteriorDofIdx;
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}
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else if (Vin < Vex) {
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upIdx = exteriorDofIdx;
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dnIdx = interiorDofIdx;
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}
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else {
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assert(Vin == Vex);
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// if the volumes are also equal, we pick the DOF which exhibits the
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// smaller global index
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if (globalIndexIn < globalIndexEx) {
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upIdx = interiorDofIdx;
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dnIdx = exteriorDofIdx;
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}
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else {
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upIdx = exteriorDofIdx;
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dnIdx = interiorDofIdx;
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}
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}
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}
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// apply the threshold pressure for the intersection. note that the concept
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// of threshold pressure is a quite big hack that only makes sense for ECL
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// datasets. (and even there, its physical justification is quite
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// questionable IMO.)
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if (thpres > 0.0) {
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if (std::abs(Toolbox::value(pressureDifference)) > thpres) {
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if (pressureDifference < 0.0)
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pressureDifference += thpres;
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else
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pressureDifference -= thpres;
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}
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else {
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pressureDifference = 0.0;
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}
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}
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}
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protected:
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/*!
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* \brief Update the required gradients for interior faces
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*/
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void calculateGradients_(const ElementContext& elemCtx, unsigned scvfIdx, unsigned timeIdx)
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{
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Valgrind::SetUndefined(*this);
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volumeAndPhasePressureDifferences(upIdx_ , dnIdx_, volumeFlux_, pressureDifference_, elemCtx, scvfIdx, timeIdx);
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}
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/*!
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* \brief Update the required gradients for boundary faces
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*/
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template <class FluidState>
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void calculateBoundaryGradients_(const ElementContext& elemCtx,
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unsigned scvfIdx,
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unsigned timeIdx,
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const FluidState& exFluidState)
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{
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const auto& scvf = elemCtx.stencil(timeIdx).boundaryFace(scvfIdx);
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const Scalar faceArea = scvf.area();
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const Scalar zEx = scvf.integrationPos()[dimWorld - 1];
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const auto& problem = elemCtx.problem();
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const unsigned globalSpaceIdx = elemCtx.globalSpaceIndex(0, timeIdx);
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const auto& intQuantsIn = elemCtx.intensiveQuantities(0, timeIdx);
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calculateBoundaryGradients_(problem,
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globalSpaceIdx,
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intQuantsIn,
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scvfIdx,
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faceArea,
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zEx,
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exFluidState,
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upIdx_,
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dnIdx_,
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volumeFlux_,
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pressureDifference_);
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// Treating solvent here and not in the static method, since that would require more
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// extensive refactoring. It means that the TpfaLinearizer will not support bcs for solvent until this is
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// addressed.
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if constexpr (enableSolvent) {
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if (upIdx_[gasPhaseIdx] == 0) {
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const Scalar trans = problem.transmissibilityBoundary(globalSpaceIdx, scvfIdx);
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const Scalar transModified = trans * Toolbox::value(intQuantsIn.rockCompTransMultiplier());
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const auto solventFlux = pressureDifference_[gasPhaseIdx] * intQuantsIn.mobility(gasPhaseIdx) * (-transModified/faceArea);
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asImp_().setSolventVolumeFlux(solventFlux);
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} else {
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asImp_().setSolventVolumeFlux(0.0);
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}
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}
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}
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public:
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/*!
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* \brief Update the required gradients for boundary faces
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*/
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template <class Problem, class FluidState, class EvaluationContainer>
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static void calculateBoundaryGradients_(const Problem& problem,
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const unsigned globalSpaceIdx,
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const IntensiveQuantities& intQuantsIn,
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const unsigned bfIdx,
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const double faceArea,
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const double zEx,
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const FluidState& exFluidState,
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std::array<short, numPhases>& upIdx,
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std::array<short, numPhases>& dnIdx,
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EvaluationContainer& volumeFlux,
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EvaluationContainer& pressureDifference)
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{
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bool enableBoundaryMassFlux = problem.nonTrivialBoundaryConditions();
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if (!enableBoundaryMassFlux)
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return;
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Scalar trans = problem.transmissibilityBoundary(globalSpaceIdx, bfIdx);
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// estimate the gravity correction: for performance reasons we use a simplified
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// approach for this flux module that assumes that gravity is constant and always
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// acts into the downwards direction. (i.e., no centrifuge experiments, sorry.)
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Scalar g = problem.gravity()[dimWorld - 1];
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// this is quite hacky because the dune grid interface does not provide a
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// cellCenterDepth() method (so we ask the problem to provide it). The "good"
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// solution would be to take the Z coordinate of the element centroids, but since
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// ECL seems to like to be inconsistent on that front, it needs to be done like
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// here...
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Scalar zIn = problem.dofCenterDepth(globalSpaceIdx);
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// the distances from the DOF's depths. (i.e., the additional depth of the
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// exterior DOF)
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Scalar distZ = zIn - zEx;
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for (unsigned phaseIdx=0; phaseIdx < numPhases; phaseIdx++) {
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if (!FluidSystem::phaseIsActive(phaseIdx))
|
|
continue;
|
|
|
|
// do the gravity correction: compute the hydrostatic pressure for the
|
|
// integration position
|
|
const Evaluation& rhoIn = intQuantsIn.fluidState().density(phaseIdx);
|
|
const auto& rhoEx = exFluidState.density(phaseIdx);
|
|
Evaluation rhoAvg = (rhoIn + rhoEx)/2;
|
|
|
|
const Evaluation& pressureInterior = intQuantsIn.fluidState().pressure(phaseIdx);
|
|
Evaluation pressureExterior = exFluidState.pressure(phaseIdx);
|
|
pressureExterior += rhoAvg*(distZ*g);
|
|
|
|
pressureDifference[phaseIdx] = pressureExterior - pressureInterior;
|
|
|
|
// decide the upstream index for the phase. for this we make sure that the
|
|
// degree of freedom which is regarded upstream if both pressures are equal
|
|
// is always the same: if the pressure is equal, the DOF with the lower
|
|
// global index is regarded to be the upstream one.
|
|
const unsigned interiorDofIdx = 0; // Valid only for cell-centered FV.
|
|
if (pressureDifference[phaseIdx] > 0.0) {
|
|
upIdx[phaseIdx] = -1;
|
|
dnIdx[phaseIdx] = interiorDofIdx;
|
|
}
|
|
else {
|
|
upIdx[phaseIdx] = interiorDofIdx;
|
|
dnIdx[phaseIdx] = -1;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
Evaluation transModified = trans;
|
|
|
|
if (upIdx[phaseIdx] == interiorDofIdx) {
|
|
|
|
// this is slightly hacky because in the automatic differentiation case, it
|
|
// only works for the element centered finite volume method. for ebos this
|
|
// does not matter, though.
|
|
const auto& up = intQuantsIn;
|
|
|
|
// deal with water induced rock compaction
|
|
const Scalar transMult = Toolbox::value(up.rockCompTransMultiplier());
|
|
transModified *= transMult;
|
|
|
|
volumeFlux[phaseIdx] =
|
|
pressureDifference[phaseIdx]*up.mobility(phaseIdx)*(-transModified/faceArea);
|
|
}
|
|
else {
|
|
// compute the phase mobility using the material law parameters of the
|
|
// interior element. TODO: this could probably be done more efficiently
|
|
const auto& matParams = problem.materialLawParams(globalSpaceIdx);
|
|
std::array<typename FluidState::Scalar,numPhases> kr;
|
|
MaterialLaw::relativePermeabilities(kr, matParams, exFluidState);
|
|
|
|
const auto& mob = kr[phaseIdx]/exFluidState.viscosity(phaseIdx);
|
|
volumeFlux[phaseIdx] =
|
|
pressureDifference[phaseIdx]*mob*(-transModified/faceArea);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
protected:
|
|
|
|
/*!
|
|
* \brief Update the volumetric fluxes for all fluid phases on the interior faces of the context
|
|
*/
|
|
void calculateFluxes_(const ElementContext&, unsigned, unsigned)
|
|
{ }
|
|
|
|
void calculateBoundaryFluxes_(const ElementContext&, unsigned, unsigned)
|
|
{}
|
|
|
|
private:
|
|
Implementation& asImp_()
|
|
{ return *static_cast<Implementation*>(this); }
|
|
|
|
const Implementation& asImp_() const
|
|
{ return *static_cast<const Implementation*>(this); }
|
|
|
|
// the volumetric flux of all phases [m^3/s]
|
|
Evaluation volumeFlux_[numPhases];
|
|
|
|
// the difference in effective pressure between the exterior and the interior degree
|
|
// of freedom [Pa]
|
|
Evaluation pressureDifference_[numPhases];
|
|
|
|
// the local indices of the interior and exterior degrees of freedom
|
|
std::array<short, numPhases> upIdx_;
|
|
std::array<short, numPhases> dnIdx_;
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
} // namespace Opm
|
|
|
|
#endif
|