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630 lines
24 KiB
C++
630 lines
24 KiB
C++
/*
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Copyright 2012 SINTEF ICT, Applied Mathematics.
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This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).
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OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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GNU General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with OPM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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*/
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#include <opm/core/WellsManager.hpp>
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#include <opm/core/eclipse/EclipseGridParser.hpp>
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#include <opm/core/grid.h>
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#include <opm/core/newwells.h>
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#include <opm/core/utility/ErrorMacros.hpp>
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#include <opm/core/utility/Units.hpp>
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#include <opm/core/WellCollection.hpp>
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#include <tr1/array>
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#include <cmath>
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// Helper structs and functions for the implementation.
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namespace
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{
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struct WellData
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{
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well_type type;
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control_type control;
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double target;
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double reference_bhp_depth;
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surface_component injected_phase;
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};
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struct PerfData
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{
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int cell;
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double well_index;
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};
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int prod_control_mode(const std::string& control)
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{
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const int num_prod_control_modes = 8;
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static std::string prod_control_modes[num_prod_control_modes] =
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{std::string("ORAT"), std::string("WRAT"), std::string("GRAT"),
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std::string("LRAT"), std::string("RESV"), std::string("BHP"),
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std::string("THP"), std::string("GRUP") };
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int m = -1;
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for (int i=0; i<num_prod_control_modes; ++i) {
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if (control == prod_control_modes[i]) {
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m = i;
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break;
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}
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}
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if (m >= 0) {
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return m;
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} else {
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THROW("Unknown well control mode = " << control << " in input file");
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}
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}
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int inje_control_mode(const std::string& control)
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{
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const int num_inje_control_modes = 5;
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static std::string inje_control_modes[num_inje_control_modes] =
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{std::string("RATE"), std::string("RESV"), std::string("BHP"),
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std::string("THP"), std::string("GRUP") };
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int m = -1;
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for (int i=0; i<num_inje_control_modes; ++i) {
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if (control == inje_control_modes[i]) {
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m = i;
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break;
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}
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}
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if (m >= 0) {
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return m;
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} else {
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THROW("Unknown well control mode = " << control << " in input file");
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}
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}
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std::tr1::array<double, 3> getCubeDim(const UnstructuredGrid& grid, int cell)
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{
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using namespace std;
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tr1::array<double, 3> cube;
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int num_local_faces = grid.cell_facepos[cell + 1] - grid.cell_facepos[cell];
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vector<double> x(num_local_faces);
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vector<double> y(num_local_faces);
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vector<double> z(num_local_faces);
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for (int lf=0; lf<num_local_faces; ++ lf) {
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int face = grid.cell_faces[grid.cell_facepos[cell] + lf];
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const double* centroid = &grid.face_centroids[grid.dimensions*face];
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x[lf] = centroid[0];
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y[lf] = centroid[1];
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z[lf] = centroid[2];
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}
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cube[0] = *max_element(x.begin(), x.end()) - *min_element(x.begin(), x.end());
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cube[1] = *max_element(y.begin(), y.end()) - *min_element(y.begin(), y.end());
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cube[2] = *max_element(z.begin(), z.end()) - *min_element(z.begin(), z.end());
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return cube;
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}
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// Use the Peaceman well model to compute well indices.
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// radius is the radius of the well.
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// cubical contains [dx, dy, dz] of the cell.
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// (Note that the well model asumes that each cell is a cuboid).
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// cell_permeability is the permeability tensor of the given cell.
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// returns the well index of the cell.
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double computeWellIndex(const double radius,
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const std::tr1::array<double, 3>& cubical,
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const double* cell_permeability,
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const double skin_factor)
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{
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using namespace std;
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// sse: Using the Peaceman model.
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// NOTE: The formula is valid for cartesian grids, so the result can be a bit
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// (in worst case: there is no upper bound for the error) off the mark.
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const double permx = cell_permeability[0];
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const double permy = cell_permeability[3*1 + 1];
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double effective_perm = sqrt(permx*permy);
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// sse: The formula for r_0 can be found on page 39 of
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// "Well Models for Mimetic Finite Differerence Methods and Improved Representation
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// of Wells in Multiscale Methods" by Ingeborg Skjelkvåle Ligaarden.
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assert(permx > 0.0);
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assert(permy > 0.0);
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double kxoy = permx / permy;
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double kyox = permy / permx;
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double r0_denominator = pow(kyox, 0.25) + pow(kxoy, 0.25);
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double r0_numerator = sqrt((sqrt(kyox)*cubical[0]*cubical[0]) +
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(sqrt(kxoy)*cubical[1]*cubical[1]));
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assert(r0_denominator > 0.0);
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double r0 = 0.28 * r0_numerator / r0_denominator;
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assert(radius > 0.0);
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assert(r0 > 0.0);
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if (r0 < radius) {
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std::cout << "ERROR: Too big well radius detected.";
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std::cout << "Specified well radius is " << radius
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<< " while r0 is " << r0 << ".\n";
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}
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const long double two_pi = 6.2831853071795864769252867665590057683943387987502116419498;
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double wi_denominator = log(r0 / radius) + skin_factor;
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double wi_numerator = two_pi * cubical[2];
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assert(wi_denominator > 0.0);
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double wi = effective_perm * wi_numerator / wi_denominator;
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assert(wi > 0.0);
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return wi;
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}
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} // anonymous namespace
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namespace Opm
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{
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/// Default constructor.
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WellsManager::WellsManager()
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: w_(0)
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{
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}
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/// Construct wells from deck.
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WellsManager::WellsManager(const Opm::EclipseGridParser& deck,
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const UnstructuredGrid& grid,
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const double* permeability)
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: w_(0)
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{
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if (grid.dimensions != 3) {
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THROW("We cannot initialize wells from a deck unless the corresponding grid is 3-dimensional.");
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}
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// NOTE: Implementation copied and modified from dune-porsol's class BlackoilWells.
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std::vector<std::string> keywords;
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keywords.push_back("WELSPECS");
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keywords.push_back("COMPDAT");
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// keywords.push_back("WELTARG");
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if (!deck.hasFields(keywords)) {
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MESSAGE("Missing well keywords in deck, initializing no wells.");
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return;
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}
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if (!(deck.hasField("WCONINJE") || deck.hasField("WCONPROD")) ) {
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THROW("Needed field is missing in file");
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}
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// These data structures will be filled in this constructor,
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// then used to initialize the Wells struct.
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std::vector<std::string> well_names;
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std::vector<WellData> well_data;
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std::vector<std::vector<PerfData> > wellperf_data;
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// For easy lookup:
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std::map<std::string, int> well_names_to_index;
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// Get WELSPECS data
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const WELSPECS& welspecs = deck.getWELSPECS();
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const int num_wells = welspecs.welspecs.size();
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well_names.reserve(num_wells);
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well_data.reserve(num_wells);
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wellperf_data.resize(num_wells);
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for (int w = 0; w < num_wells; ++w) {
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well_names.push_back(welspecs.welspecs[w].name_);
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WellData wd;
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well_data.push_back(wd);
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well_names_to_index[welspecs.welspecs[w].name_] = w;
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well_data.back().reference_bhp_depth = welspecs.welspecs[w].datum_depth_BHP_;
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if (welspecs.welspecs[w].datum_depth_BHP_ < 0.0) {
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// Set refdepth to a marker value, will be changed
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// after getting perforation data to the centroid of
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// the cell of the top well perforation.
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well_data.back().reference_bhp_depth = -1e100;
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}
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}
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// global_cell is a map from compressed cells to Cartesian grid cells.
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// We must make the inverse lookup.
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const int* global_cell = grid.global_cell;
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const int* cpgdim = grid.cartdims;
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std::map<int,int> cartesian_to_compressed;
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for (int i = 0; i < grid.number_of_cells; ++i) {
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cartesian_to_compressed.insert(std::make_pair(global_cell[i], i));
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}
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// Get COMPDAT data
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const COMPDAT& compdat = deck.getCOMPDAT();
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const int num_compdat = compdat.compdat.size();
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for (int kw = 0; kw < num_compdat; ++kw) {
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// Extract well name, or the part of the well name that
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// comes before the '*'.
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std::string name = compdat.compdat[kw].well_;
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std::string::size_type len = name.find('*');
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if (len != std::string::npos) {
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name = name.substr(0, len);
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}
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// Look for well with matching name.
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bool found = false;
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for (int wix = 0; wix < num_wells; ++wix) {
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if (well_names[wix].compare(0,len, name) == 0) { // equal
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// We have a matching name.
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int ix = compdat.compdat[kw].grid_ind_[0] - 1;
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int jy = compdat.compdat[kw].grid_ind_[1] - 1;
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int kz1 = compdat.compdat[kw].grid_ind_[2] - 1;
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int kz2 = compdat.compdat[kw].grid_ind_[3] - 1;
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for (int kz = kz1; kz <= kz2; ++kz) {
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int cart_grid_indx = ix + cpgdim[0]*(jy + cpgdim[1]*kz);
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std::map<int, int>::const_iterator cgit =
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cartesian_to_compressed.find(cart_grid_indx);
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if (cgit == cartesian_to_compressed.end()) {
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THROW("Cell with i,j,k indices " << ix << ' ' << jy << ' '
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<< kz << " not found in grid!");
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}
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int cell = cgit->second;
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PerfData pd;
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pd.cell = cell;
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if (compdat.compdat[kw].connect_trans_fac_ > 0.0) {
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pd.well_index = compdat.compdat[kw].connect_trans_fac_;
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} else {
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double radius = 0.5*compdat.compdat[kw].diameter_;
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if (radius <= 0.0) {
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radius = 0.5*unit::feet;
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MESSAGE("**** Warning: Well bore internal radius set to " << radius);
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}
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std::tr1::array<double, 3> cubical = getCubeDim(grid, cell);
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const double* cell_perm = &permeability[grid.dimensions*grid.dimensions*cell];
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pd.well_index = computeWellIndex(radius, cubical, cell_perm,
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compdat.compdat[kw].skin_factor_);
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}
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wellperf_data[wix].push_back(pd);
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}
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found = true;
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break;
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}
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}
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if (!found) {
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THROW("Undefined well name: " << compdat.compdat[kw].well_
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<< " in COMPDAT");
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}
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}
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// Set up reference depths that were defaulted. Count perfs.
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int num_perfs = 0;
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for (int w = 0; w < num_wells; ++w) {
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num_perfs += wellperf_data[w].size();
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if (well_data[w].reference_bhp_depth == -1e100) {
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// It was defaulted. Set reference depth to minimum perforation depth.
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double min_depth = 1e100;
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int num_wperfs = wellperf_data[w].size();
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for (int perf = 0; perf < num_wperfs; ++perf) {
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double depth = grid.cell_centroids[3*wellperf_data[w][perf].cell + 2];
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min_depth = std::min(min_depth, depth);
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}
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well_data[w].reference_bhp_depth = min_depth;
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}
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}
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// Get WCONINJE data
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if (deck.hasField("WCONINJE")) {
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const WCONINJE& wconinjes = deck.getWCONINJE();
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const int num_wconinjes = wconinjes.wconinje.size();
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for (int kw = 0; kw < num_wconinjes; ++kw) {
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// Extract well name, or the part of the well name that
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// comes before the '*'.
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std::string name = wconinjes.wconinje[kw].well_;
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std::string::size_type len = name.find('*');
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if (len != std::string::npos) {
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name = name.substr(0, len);
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}
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bool well_found = false;
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for (int wix = 0; wix < num_wells; ++wix) {
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if (well_names[wix].compare(0,len, name) == 0) { //equal
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well_found = true;
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well_data[wix].type = INJECTOR;
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int m = inje_control_mode(wconinjes.wconinje[kw].control_mode_);
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switch(m) {
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case 0: // RATE
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well_data[wix].control = RATE;
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well_data[wix].target = wconinjes.wconinje[kw].surface_flow_max_rate_;
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break;
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case 1: // RESV
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well_data[wix].control = RATE;
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well_data[wix].target = wconinjes.wconinje[kw].fluid_volume_max_rate_;
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break;
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case 2: // BHP
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well_data[wix].control = BHP;
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well_data[wix].target = wconinjes.wconinje[kw].BHP_limit_;
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break;
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case 3: // THP
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well_data[wix].control = BHP;
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well_data[wix].target = wconinjes.wconinje[kw].THP_limit_;
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break;
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case 4:
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break;
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default:
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THROW("Unknown well control mode; WCONIJE = "
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<< wconinjes.wconinje[kw].control_mode_
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<< " in input file");
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}
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if (wconinjes.wconinje[kw].injector_type_ == "WATER") {
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well_data[wix].injected_phase = WATER;
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} else if (wconinjes.wconinje[kw].injector_type_ == "OIL") {
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well_data[wix].injected_phase = OIL;
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} else if (wconinjes.wconinje[kw].injector_type_ == "GAS") {
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well_data[wix].injected_phase = GAS;
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} else {
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THROW("Error in injector specification, found no known fluid type.");
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}
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}
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}
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if (!well_found) {
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THROW("Undefined well name: " << wconinjes.wconinje[kw].well_
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<< " in WCONINJE");
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}
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}
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}
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// Get WCONPROD data
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if (deck.hasField("WCONPROD")) {
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const WCONPROD& wconprods = deck.getWCONPROD();
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const int num_wconprods = wconprods.wconprod.size();
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std::cout << "num_wconprods = " <<num_wconprods << std::endl;
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for (int kw = 0; kw < num_wconprods; ++kw) {
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std::string name = wconprods.wconprod[kw].well_;
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std::string::size_type len = name.find('*');
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if (len != std::string::npos) {
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name = name.substr(0, len);
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}
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bool well_found = false;
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for (int wix = 0; wix < num_wells; ++wix) {
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if (well_names[wix].compare(0,len, name) == 0) { //equal
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well_found = true;
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well_data[wix].type = PRODUCER;
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int m = prod_control_mode(wconprods.wconprod[kw].control_mode_);
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switch(m) {
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case 0: // ORAT
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well_data[wix].control = RATE;
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well_data[wix].target = wconprods.wconprod[kw].oil_max_rate_;
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break;
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case 1: // WRAT
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well_data[wix].control = RATE;
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well_data[wix].target = wconprods.wconprod[kw].water_max_rate_;
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break;
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case 2: // GRAT
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well_data[wix].control = RATE;
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well_data[wix].target = wconprods.wconprod[kw].gas_max_rate_;
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break;
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case 3: // LRAT
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well_data[wix].control = RATE;
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well_data[wix].target = wconprods.wconprod[kw].liquid_max_rate_;
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break;
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case 4: // RESV
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well_data[wix].control = RATE;
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well_data[wix].target = wconprods.wconprod[kw].fluid_volume_max_rate_;
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break;
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case 5: // BHP
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well_data[wix].control = BHP;
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well_data[wix].target = wconprods.wconprod[kw].BHP_limit_;
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break;
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case 6: // THP
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well_data[wix].control = BHP;
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well_data[wix].target = wconprods.wconprod[kw].THP_limit_;
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break;
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case 7:
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// Handle group here.
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break;
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default:
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THROW("Unknown well control mode; WCONPROD = "
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<< wconprods.wconprod[kw].control_mode_
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<< " in input file");
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}
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}
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}
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if (!well_found) {
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THROW("Undefined well name: " << wconprods.wconprod[kw].well_
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<< " in WCONPROD");
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}
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}
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}
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// Get WELTARG data
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if (deck.hasField("WELTARG")) {
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const WELTARG& weltargs = deck.getWELTARG();
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const int num_weltargs = weltargs.weltarg.size();
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for (int kw = 0; kw < num_weltargs; ++kw) {
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std::string name = weltargs.weltarg[kw].well_;
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std::string::size_type len = name.find('*');
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if (len != std::string::npos) {
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name = name.substr(0, len);
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}
|
|
bool well_found = false;
|
|
for (int wix = 0; wix < num_wells; ++wix) {
|
|
if (well_names[wix].compare(0,len, name) == 0) { //equal
|
|
well_found = true;
|
|
well_data[wix].target = weltargs.weltarg[kw].new_value_;
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
if (!well_found) {
|
|
THROW("Undefined well name: " << weltargs.weltarg[kw].well_
|
|
<< " in WELTARG");
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Debug output.
|
|
#define EXTRA_OUTPUT
|
|
#ifdef EXTRA_OUTPUT
|
|
std::cout << "\t WELL DATA" << std::endl;
|
|
for(int i = 0; i< num_wells; ++i) {
|
|
std::cout << i << ": " << well_data[i].type << " "
|
|
<< well_data[i].control << " " << well_data[i].target
|
|
<< std::endl;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
std::cout << "\n\t PERF DATA" << std::endl;
|
|
for(int i=0; i< int(wellperf_data.size()); ++i) {
|
|
for(int j=0; j< int(wellperf_data[i].size()); ++j) {
|
|
std::cout << i << ": " << wellperf_data[i][j].cell << " "
|
|
<< wellperf_data[i][j].well_index << std::endl;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (deck.hasField("GRUPTREE")) {
|
|
std::cout << "Found gruptree" << std::endl;
|
|
const GRUPTREE& gruptree = deck.getGRUPTREE();
|
|
|
|
std::map<std::string, std::string>::const_iterator it = gruptree.tree.begin();
|
|
for( ; it != gruptree.tree.end(); ++it) {
|
|
well_collection_.addChild(it->first, it->second, deck);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
for (size_t i = 0; i < welspecs.welspecs.size(); ++i) {
|
|
WelspecsLine line = welspecs.welspecs[i];
|
|
well_collection_.addChild(line.name_, line.group_, deck);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Set the guide rates:
|
|
if (deck.hasField("WGRUPCON")) {
|
|
std::cout << "Found Wgrupcon" << std::endl;
|
|
WGRUPCON wgrupcon = deck.getWGRUPCON();
|
|
const std::vector<WgrupconLine>& lines = wgrupcon.wgrupcon;
|
|
std::cout << well_collection_.getLeafNodes().size() << std::endl;
|
|
for (size_t i = 0; i < lines.size(); i++) {
|
|
std::string name = lines[i].well_;
|
|
int index = well_names_to_index[name];
|
|
ASSERT(well_collection_.getLeafNodes()[index]->name() == name);
|
|
well_collection_.getLeafNodes()[index]->prodSpec().guide_rate_ = lines[i].guide_rate_;
|
|
well_collection_.getLeafNodes()[index]->prodSpec().guide_rate_type_
|
|
= lines[i].phase_ == "OIL" ? ProductionSpecification::OIL : ProductionSpecification::RAT;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
well_collection_.calculateGuideRates();
|
|
|
|
// Apply guide rates:
|
|
for (size_t i = 0; i < well_data.size(); i++) {
|
|
if (well_collection_.getLeafNodes()[i]->prodSpec().control_mode_ == ProductionSpecification::GRUP) {
|
|
switch (well_collection_.getLeafNodes()[i]->prodSpec().guide_rate_type_ ) {
|
|
case ProductionSpecification::OIL:
|
|
{
|
|
well_data[i].control = RATE;
|
|
double parent_oil_rate = well_collection_.getLeafNodes()[i]->getParent()->prodSpec().oil_max_rate_;
|
|
double guide_rate = well_collection_.getLeafNodes()[i]->prodSpec().guide_rate_;
|
|
well_data[i].target = guide_rate * parent_oil_rate;
|
|
std::cout << "Applying guide rate" << std::endl;
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
case ProductionSpecification::NONE_GRT:
|
|
{
|
|
// Will use the group control type:
|
|
const ProductionSpecification& parent_prod_spec =
|
|
well_collection_.getLeafNodes()[i]->getParent()->prodSpec();
|
|
double guide_rate = well_collection_.getLeafNodes()[i]->prodSpec().guide_rate_;
|
|
switch(parent_prod_spec.control_mode_) {
|
|
case ProductionSpecification::LRAT:
|
|
well_data[i].target = guide_rate * parent_prod_spec.liquid_max_rate_;
|
|
well_data[i].control = RATE;
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if (well_collection_.getLeafNodes()[i]->injSpec().control_mode_ == InjectionSpecification::GRUP) {
|
|
if (well_collection_.getLeafNodes()[i]->prodSpec().guide_rate_type_ == ProductionSpecification::RAT) {
|
|
well_data[i].control = RATE;
|
|
well_data[i].type = INJECTOR;
|
|
double parent_surface_rate = well_collection_.getLeafNodes()[i]->getParent()->injSpec().surface_flow_max_rate_;
|
|
double guide_rate = well_collection_.getLeafNodes()[i]->prodSpec().guide_rate_;
|
|
well_data[i].target = guide_rate * parent_surface_rate;
|
|
std::cout << "Applying guide rate" << std::endl;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Set up the Wells struct.
|
|
w_ = wells_create(num_wells, num_perfs);
|
|
if (!w_) {
|
|
THROW("Failed creating Wells struct.");
|
|
}
|
|
double fracs[3][3] = { { 1.0, 0.0, 0.0 },
|
|
{ 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 },
|
|
{ 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 } };
|
|
for (int w = 0; w < num_wells; ++w) {
|
|
int nperf = wellperf_data[w].size();
|
|
std::vector<int> cells(nperf);
|
|
std::vector<double> wi(nperf);
|
|
for (int perf = 0; perf < nperf; ++perf) {
|
|
cells[perf] = wellperf_data[w][perf].cell;
|
|
wi[perf] = wellperf_data[w][perf].well_index;
|
|
}
|
|
const double* zfrac = (well_data[w].type == INJECTOR) ? fracs[well_data[w].injected_phase] : 0;
|
|
|
|
int ok = wells_add(well_data[w].type, well_data[w].reference_bhp_depth, nperf,
|
|
zfrac, &cells[0], &wi[0], w_);
|
|
if (!ok) {
|
|
THROW("Failed to add a well.");
|
|
}
|
|
// We only append a single control at this point.
|
|
// TODO: Handle multiple controls.
|
|
ok = well_controls_append(well_data[w].control, well_data[w].target, w_->ctrls[w]);
|
|
if (!ok) {
|
|
THROW("Failed to add well controls.");
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
for(size_t i = 0; i < well_collection_.getLeafNodes().size(); i++) {
|
|
WellNode* node = static_cast<WellNode*>(well_collection_.getLeafNodes()[i].get());
|
|
|
|
// We know that getLeafNodes() is ordered the same way as they're indexed in w_
|
|
node->setWellsPointer(w_, i);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/// Destructor.
|
|
WellsManager::~WellsManager()
|
|
{
|
|
wells_destroy(w_);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/// Access the managed Wells.
|
|
/// The method is named similarly to c_str() in std::string,
|
|
/// to make it clear that we are returning a C-compatible struct.
|
|
const Wells* WellsManager::c_wells() const
|
|
{
|
|
return w_;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
const WellCollection& WellsManager::wellCollection() const
|
|
{
|
|
return well_collection_;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
} // namespace Opm
|