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546 lines
17 KiB
C++
546 lines
17 KiB
C++
/*
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Copyright (C) 2008-2013 by Andreas Lauser
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This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).
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OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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GNU General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with OPM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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*/
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/*!
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* \file
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*
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* \copydoc Ewoms::ObstacleProblem
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*/
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#ifndef EWOMS_OBSTACLE_PROBLEM_HH
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#define EWOMS_OBSTACLE_PROBLEM_HH
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#include <ewoms/models/ncp/ncpproperties.hh>
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#include <opm/material/fluidsystems/H2ON2FluidSystem.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/constraintsolvers/ComputeFromReferencePhase.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidstates/CompositionalFluidState.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/RegularizedBrooksCorey.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/EffToAbsLaw.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/LinearMaterial.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/MaterialTraits.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/heatconduction/Somerton.hpp>
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#include <dune/grid/yaspgrid.hh>
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#include <dune/common/version.hh>
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#include <dune/common/fvector.hh>
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#include <dune/common/fmatrix.hh>
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#include <sstream>
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#include <string>
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#include <iostream>
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namespace Ewoms {
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template <class TypeTag>
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class ObstacleProblem;
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}
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namespace Opm {
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namespace Properties {
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NEW_TYPE_TAG(ObstacleBaseProblem);
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// Set the grid type
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SET_TYPE_PROP(ObstacleBaseProblem, Grid, Dune::YaspGrid<2>);
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// Set the problem property
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SET_TYPE_PROP(ObstacleBaseProblem, Problem, Ewoms::ObstacleProblem<TypeTag>);
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// Set fluid configuration
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SET_TYPE_PROP(ObstacleBaseProblem, FluidSystem,
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Opm::FluidSystems::H2ON2<typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Scalar)>);
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// Set the material Law
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SET_PROP(ObstacleBaseProblem, MaterialLaw)
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{
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private:
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// define the material law
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Scalar) Scalar;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, FluidSystem) FluidSystem;
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typedef Opm::TwoPhaseMaterialTraits<Scalar,
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/*wettingPhaseIdx=*/FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx,
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/*nonWettingPhaseIdx=*/FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx>
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MaterialTraits;
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typedef Opm::LinearMaterial<MaterialTraits> EffMaterialLaw;
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public:
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typedef Opm::EffToAbsLaw<EffMaterialLaw> type;
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};
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// Set the heat conduction law
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SET_PROP(ObstacleBaseProblem, HeatConductionLaw)
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{
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private:
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Scalar) Scalar;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, FluidSystem) FluidSystem;
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public:
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// define the material law parameterized by absolute saturations
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typedef Opm::Somerton<FluidSystem, Scalar> type;
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};
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// Enable gravity
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SET_BOOL_PROP(ObstacleBaseProblem, EnableGravity, true);
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// The default for the end time of the simulation
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SET_SCALAR_PROP(ObstacleBaseProblem, EndTime, 1e4);
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// The default for the initial time step size of the simulation
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SET_SCALAR_PROP(ObstacleBaseProblem, InitialTimeStepSize, 250);
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// The default DGF file to load
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SET_STRING_PROP(ObstacleBaseProblem, GridFile, "./data/obstacle_24x16.dgf");
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} // namespace Properties
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} // namespace Opm
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namespace Ewoms {
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/*!
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* \ingroup TestProblems
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*
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* \brief Problem where liquid water is first stopped by a
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* low-permeability lens and then seeps though it.
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*
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* Liquid water is injected by using of a free-flow condition on the
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* lower right of the domain. This water level then raises until
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* hydrostatic pressure is reached. On the left of the domain, a
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* rectangular obstacle with \f$10^3\f$ lower permeability than the
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* rest of the domain first stops the for a while until it seeps
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* through it.
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*
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* The domain is sized 60m times 40m and consists of two media, a
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* moderately permeable soil (\f$ K_0=10e-12 m^2\f$) and an obstacle
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* at \f$[10; 20]m \times [0; 35]m \f$ with a lower permeablility of
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* \f$ K_1=K_0/1000\f$.
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*
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* Initially the whole domain is filled by nitrogen, the temperature
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* is \f$20^\circ C\f$ for the whole domain. The gas pressure is
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* initially 1 bar, at the inlet of the liquid water on the right side
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* it is 2 bar.
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*
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* The boundary is no-flow except on the lower 10 meters of the left
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* and the right boundary where a free flow condition is assumed.
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*/
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template <class TypeTag>
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class ObstacleProblem : public GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, BaseProblem)
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{
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, BaseProblem) ParentType;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, GridView) GridView;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Scalar) Scalar;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, EqVector) EqVector;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, RateVector) RateVector;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, PrimaryVariables) PrimaryVariables;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, BoundaryRateVector) BoundaryRateVector;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, FluidSystem) FluidSystem;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, MaterialLaw) MaterialLaw;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, MaterialLawParams) MaterialLawParams;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, HeatConductionLaw) HeatConductionLaw;
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typedef typename HeatConductionLaw::Params HeatConductionLawParams;
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enum {
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// Grid and world dimension
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dim = GridView::dimension,
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dimWorld = GridView::dimensionworld,
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numPhases = GET_PROP_VALUE(TypeTag, NumPhases),
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gasPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx,
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liquidPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx,
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H2OIdx = FluidSystem::H2OIdx,
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N2Idx = FluidSystem::N2Idx
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};
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typedef Dune::FieldVector<typename GridView::ctype, dimWorld> GlobalPosition;
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typedef Dune::FieldVector<Scalar, numPhases> PhaseVector;
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typedef Dune::FieldMatrix<Scalar, dimWorld, dimWorld> DimMatrix;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Simulator) Simulator;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Model) Model;
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public:
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/*!
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* \copydoc Doxygen::defaultProblemConstructor
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*/
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ObstacleProblem(Simulator &simulator)
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: ParentType(simulator)
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{ }
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::finishInit
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*/
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void finishInit()
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{
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ParentType::finishInit();
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eps_ = 1e-6;
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temperature_ = 273.15 + 25; // -> 25°C
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// initialize the tables of the fluid system
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Scalar Tmin = temperature_ - 1.0;
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Scalar Tmax = temperature_ + 1.0;
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int nT = 3;
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Scalar pmin = 1.0e5 * 0.75;
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Scalar pmax = 2.0e5 * 1.25;
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int np = 1000;
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FluidSystem::init(Tmin, Tmax, nT, pmin, pmax, np);
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// intrinsic permeabilities
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coarseK_ = this->toDimMatrix_(1e-12);
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fineK_ = this->toDimMatrix_(1e-15);
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// the porosity
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finePorosity_ = 0.3;
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coarsePorosity_ = 0.3;
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// residual saturations
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fineMaterialParams_.setResidualSaturation(liquidPhaseIdx, 0.0);
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fineMaterialParams_.setResidualSaturation(gasPhaseIdx, 0.0);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setResidualSaturation(liquidPhaseIdx, 0.0);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setResidualSaturation(gasPhaseIdx, 0.0);
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// parameters for the linear law, i.e. minimum and maximum
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// pressures
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fineMaterialParams_.setPcMinSat(liquidPhaseIdx, 0.0);
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fineMaterialParams_.setPcMaxSat(liquidPhaseIdx, 0.0);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setPcMinSat(liquidPhaseIdx, 0.0);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setPcMaxSat(liquidPhaseIdx, 0.0);
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/*
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// entry pressures for Brooks-Corey
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fineMaterialParams_.setEntryPressure(5e3);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setEntryPressure(1e3);
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// Brooks-Corey shape parameters
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fineMaterialParams_.setLambda(2);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setLambda(2);
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*/
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fineMaterialParams_.finalize();
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coarseMaterialParams_.finalize();
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// parameters for the somerton law of heat conduction
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computeHeatCondParams_(fineHeatCondParams_, finePorosity_);
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computeHeatCondParams_(coarseHeatCondParams_, coarsePorosity_);
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initFluidStates_();
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::endTimeStep
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*/
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void endTimeStep()
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{
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#ifndef NDEBUG
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this->model().checkConservativeness();
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// Calculate storage terms of the individual phases
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for (int phaseIdx = 0; phaseIdx < numPhases; ++phaseIdx) {
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PrimaryVariables phaseStorage;
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this->model().globalPhaseStorage(phaseStorage, phaseIdx);
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if (this->gridView().comm().rank() == 0) {
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std::cout << "Storage in " << FluidSystem::phaseName(phaseIdx)
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<< "Phase: [" << phaseStorage << "]"
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<< "\n" << std::flush;
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}
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}
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// Calculate total storage terms
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EqVector storage;
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this->model().globalStorage(storage);
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// Write mass balance information for rank 0
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if (this->gridView().comm().rank() == 0) {
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std::cout << "Storage total: [" << storage << "]"
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<< "\n" << std::flush;
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}
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#endif // NDEBUG
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}
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/*!
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* \name Problem parameters
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*/
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//! \{
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::name
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*/
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std::string name() const
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{
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std::ostringstream oss;
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oss << "obstacle"
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<< "_" << Model::name();
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return oss.str();
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::temperature
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*
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* This problem simply assumes a constant temperature.
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*/
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template <class Context>
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Scalar temperature(const Context &context, int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
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{ return temperature_; }
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::intrinsicPermeability
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*/
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template <class Context>
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const DimMatrix &intrinsicPermeability(const Context &context, int spaceIdx,
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int timeIdx) const
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{
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if (isFineMaterial_(context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx)))
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return fineK_;
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return coarseK_;
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::porosity
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*/
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template <class Context>
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Scalar porosity(const Context &context, int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
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{
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const GlobalPosition &pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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if (isFineMaterial_(pos))
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return finePorosity_;
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else
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return coarsePorosity_;
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::materialLawParams
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*/
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template <class Context>
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const MaterialLawParams &materialLawParams(const Context &context,
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int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
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{
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const GlobalPosition &pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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if (isFineMaterial_(pos))
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return fineMaterialParams_;
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else
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return coarseMaterialParams_;
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::heatCapacitySolid
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*
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* For this problem, we assume that the solid phase of the porous
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* medium is granite.
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*/
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template <class Context>
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Scalar heatCapacitySolid(const Context &context, int spaceIdx,
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int timeIdx) const
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{
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return 790 // specific heat capacity of granite [J / (kg K)]
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* 2700; // density of granite [kg/m^3]
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::heatConductionParams
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*/
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template <class Context>
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const HeatConductionLawParams &
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heatConductionParams(const Context &context, int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
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{
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const GlobalPosition &pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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if (isFineMaterial_(pos))
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return fineHeatCondParams_;
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return coarseHeatCondParams_;
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}
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//! \}
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/*!
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* \name Boundary conditions
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*/
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//! \{
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::boundary
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*/
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template <class Context>
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void boundary(BoundaryRateVector &values, const Context &context,
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int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
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{
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const auto &pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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if (onInlet_(pos))
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values.setFreeFlow(context, spaceIdx, timeIdx, inletFluidState_);
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else if (onOutlet_(pos))
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values.setFreeFlow(context, spaceIdx, timeIdx, outletFluidState_);
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else
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values.setNoFlow();
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}
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//! \}
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/*!
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* \name Volumetric terms
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*/
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//! \{
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::initial
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*/
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template <class Context>
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void initial(PrimaryVariables &values, const Context &context, int spaceIdx,
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int timeIdx) const
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{
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const auto &matParams = materialLawParams(context, spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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values.assignMassConservative(outletFluidState_, matParams);
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::source
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*
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* For this problem, the source term of all components is 0
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* everywhere.
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*/
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template <class Context>
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void source(RateVector &rate, const Context &context, int spaceIdx,
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int timeIdx) const
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{ rate = 0.0; }
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//! \}
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private:
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/*!
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* \brief Returns whether a given global position is in the
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* fine-permeability region or not.
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*/
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bool isFineMaterial_(const GlobalPosition &pos) const
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{ return 10 <= pos[0] && pos[0] <= 20 && 0 <= pos[1] && pos[1] <= 35; }
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bool onInlet_(const GlobalPosition &globalPos) const
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{
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Scalar x = globalPos[0];
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Scalar y = globalPos[1];
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return x >= 60 - eps_ && y <= 10;
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}
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bool onOutlet_(const GlobalPosition &globalPos) const
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{
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Scalar x = globalPos[0];
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Scalar y = globalPos[1];
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return x < eps_ && y <= 10;
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}
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void initFluidStates_()
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{
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initFluidState_(inletFluidState_, coarseMaterialParams_,
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/*isInlet=*/true);
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initFluidState_(outletFluidState_, coarseMaterialParams_,
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/*isInlet=*/false);
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}
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template <class FluidState>
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void initFluidState_(FluidState &fs, const MaterialLawParams &matParams,
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bool isInlet)
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{
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int refPhaseIdx;
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int otherPhaseIdx;
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// set the fluid temperatures
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fs.setTemperature(temperature_);
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if (isInlet) {
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// only liquid on inlet
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refPhaseIdx = liquidPhaseIdx;
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otherPhaseIdx = gasPhaseIdx;
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// set liquid saturation
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fs.setSaturation(liquidPhaseIdx, 1.0);
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// set pressure of the liquid phase
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fs.setPressure(liquidPhaseIdx, 2e5);
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// set the liquid composition to pure water
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fs.setMoleFraction(liquidPhaseIdx, N2Idx, 0.0);
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fs.setMoleFraction(liquidPhaseIdx, H2OIdx, 1.0);
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}
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else {
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// elsewhere, only gas
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refPhaseIdx = gasPhaseIdx;
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otherPhaseIdx = liquidPhaseIdx;
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// set gas saturation
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fs.setSaturation(gasPhaseIdx, 1.0);
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// set pressure of the gas phase
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fs.setPressure(gasPhaseIdx, 1e5);
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// set the gas composition to 99% nitrogen and 1% steam
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fs.setMoleFraction(gasPhaseIdx, N2Idx, 0.99);
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fs.setMoleFraction(gasPhaseIdx, H2OIdx, 0.01);
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}
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// set the other saturation
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fs.setSaturation(otherPhaseIdx, 1.0 - fs.saturation(refPhaseIdx));
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// calulate the capillary pressure
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PhaseVector pC;
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MaterialLaw::capillaryPressures(pC, matParams, fs);
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fs.setPressure(otherPhaseIdx, fs.pressure(refPhaseIdx)
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+ (pC[otherPhaseIdx] - pC[refPhaseIdx]));
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// make the fluid state consistent with local thermodynamic
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// equilibrium
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typedef Opm::ComputeFromReferencePhase<Scalar, FluidSystem>
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ComputeFromReferencePhase;
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typename FluidSystem::ParameterCache paramCache;
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ComputeFromReferencePhase::solve(fs, paramCache, refPhaseIdx,
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/*setViscosity=*/false,
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/*setEnthalpy=*/false);
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}
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void computeHeatCondParams_(HeatConductionLawParams ¶ms, Scalar poro)
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{
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Scalar lambdaWater = 0.6;
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Scalar lambdaGranite = 2.8;
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Scalar lambdaWet = std::pow(lambdaGranite, (1 - poro))
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* std::pow(lambdaWater, poro);
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Scalar lambdaDry = std::pow(lambdaGranite, (1 - poro));
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params.setFullySaturatedLambda(gasPhaseIdx, lambdaDry);
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params.setFullySaturatedLambda(liquidPhaseIdx, lambdaWet);
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params.setVacuumLambda(lambdaDry);
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}
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DimMatrix coarseK_;
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DimMatrix fineK_;
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Scalar coarsePorosity_;
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Scalar finePorosity_;
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MaterialLawParams fineMaterialParams_;
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MaterialLawParams coarseMaterialParams_;
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HeatConductionLawParams fineHeatCondParams_;
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HeatConductionLawParams coarseHeatCondParams_;
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Opm::CompositionalFluidState<Scalar, FluidSystem> inletFluidState_;
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Opm::CompositionalFluidState<Scalar, FluidSystem> outletFluidState_;
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Scalar temperature_;
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Scalar eps_;
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};
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} // namespace Ewoms
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#endif
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