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2c17b1942c
The cell pressure is independent of well model and belongs to the interface This should move the MSW model one step closer to supporting GasWater cases
1044 lines
43 KiB
C++
1044 lines
43 KiB
C++
/*
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Copyright 2017 SINTEF Digital, Mathematics and Cybernetics.
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Copyright 2017 Statoil ASA.
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Copyright 2018 IRIS
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This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).
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OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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GNU General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with OPM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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*/
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#include <opm/parser/eclipse/EclipseState/Schedule/ScheduleTypes.hpp>
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#include <opm/simulators/utils/DeferredLoggingErrorHelpers.hpp>
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#include <opm/simulators/wells/GroupState.hpp>
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#include <opm/simulators/wells/TargetCalculator.hpp>
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#include <dune/common/version.hh>
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namespace Opm
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{
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template<typename TypeTag>
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WellInterface<TypeTag>::
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WellInterface(const Well& well,
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const ParallelWellInfo& pw_info,
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const int time_step,
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const ModelParameters& param,
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const RateConverterType& rate_converter,
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const int pvtRegionIdx,
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const int num_components,
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const int num_phases,
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const int index_of_well,
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const std::vector<PerforationData>& perf_data)
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: WellInterfaceIndices<FluidSystem,Indices,Scalar>(well,
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pw_info,
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time_step,
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rate_converter,
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pvtRegionIdx,
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num_components,
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num_phases,
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index_of_well,
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perf_data)
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, param_(param)
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{
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connectionRates_.resize(this->number_of_perforations_);
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if constexpr (has_solvent || has_zFraction) {
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if (well.isInjector()) {
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auto injectorType = this->well_ecl_.injectorType();
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if (injectorType == InjectorType::GAS) {
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this->wsolvent_ = this->well_ecl_.getSolventFraction();
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}
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}
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}
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}
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template<typename TypeTag>
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void
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WellInterface<TypeTag>::
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init(const PhaseUsage* phase_usage_arg,
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const std::vector<double>& /* depth_arg */,
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const double gravity_arg,
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const int /* num_cells */,
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const std::vector< Scalar >& B_avg)
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{
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this->phase_usage_ = phase_usage_arg;
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this->gravity_ = gravity_arg;
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B_avg_ = B_avg;
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}
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template<typename TypeTag>
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double
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WellInterface<TypeTag>::
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wpolymer() const
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{
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if constexpr (has_polymer) {
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auto injectorType = this->well_ecl_.injectorType();
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if (injectorType == InjectorType::WATER) {
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WellPolymerProperties polymer = this->well_ecl_.getPolymerProperties();
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const double polymer_injection_concentration = polymer.m_polymerConcentration;
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return polymer_injection_concentration;
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} else {
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// Not a water injection well => no polymer.
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return 0.0;
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}
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}
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return 0.0;
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}
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template<typename TypeTag>
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double
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WellInterface<TypeTag>::
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wfoam() const
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{
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if constexpr (has_foam) {
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auto injectorType = this->well_ecl_.injectorType();
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if (injectorType == InjectorType::GAS) {
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WellFoamProperties fprop = this->well_ecl_.getFoamProperties();
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return fprop.m_foamConcentration;
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} else {
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// Not a gas injection well => no foam.
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return 0.0;
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}
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}
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return 0.0;
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}
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template<typename TypeTag>
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double
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WellInterface<TypeTag>::
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wsalt() const
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{
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if constexpr (has_brine) {
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auto injectorType = this->well_ecl_.injectorType();
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if (injectorType == InjectorType::WATER) {
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WellBrineProperties fprop = this->well_ecl_.getBrineProperties();
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return fprop.m_saltConcentration;
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} else {
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// Not a water injection well => no salt (?).
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return 0.0;
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}
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}
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return 0.0;
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}
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template<typename TypeTag>
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double
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WellInterface<TypeTag>::
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wmicrobes() const
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{
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if constexpr (has_micp) {
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auto injectorType = this->well_ecl_.injectorType();
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if (injectorType == InjectorType::WATER) {
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WellMICPProperties microbes = this->well_ecl_.getMICPProperties();
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const double microbial_injection_concentration = microbes.m_microbialConcentration;
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return microbial_injection_concentration;
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} else {
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// Not a water injection well => no microbes.
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return 0.0;
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}
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}
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return 0.0;
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}
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template<typename TypeTag>
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double
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WellInterface<TypeTag>::
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woxygen() const
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{
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if constexpr (has_micp) {
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auto injectorType = this->well_ecl_.injectorType();
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if (injectorType == InjectorType::WATER) {
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WellMICPProperties oxygen = this->well_ecl_.getMICPProperties();
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const double oxygen_injection_concentration = oxygen.m_oxygenConcentration;
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return oxygen_injection_concentration;
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} else {
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// Not a water injection well => no oxygen.
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return 0.0;
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}
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}
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return 0.0;
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}
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// The urea injection concentration is scaled down by a factor of 10, since its value
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// can be much bigger than 1 (not doing this slows the simulations). The
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// corresponding values are scaled accordingly in blackoilmicpmodules.hh when computing
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// the reactions and also when writing the output files (vtk and eclipse format, i.e.,
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// vtkblackoilmicpmodule.hh and ecloutputblackoilmodel.hh respectively).
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template<typename TypeTag>
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double
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WellInterface<TypeTag>::
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wurea() const
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{
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if constexpr (has_micp) {
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auto injectorType = this->well_ecl_.injectorType();
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if (injectorType == InjectorType::WATER) {
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WellMICPProperties urea = this->well_ecl_.getMICPProperties();
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const double urea_injection_concentration = urea.m_ureaConcentration / 10.; //Dividing by scaling factor 10
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return urea_injection_concentration;
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} else {
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// Not a water injection well => no urea.
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return 0.0;
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}
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}
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return 0.0;
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}
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template<typename TypeTag>
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bool
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WellInterface<TypeTag>::
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updateWellControl(const Simulator& ebos_simulator,
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const IndividualOrGroup iog,
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WellState& well_state,
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const GroupState& group_state,
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DeferredLogger& deferred_logger) /* const */
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{
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if (this->wellIsStopped()) {
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return false;
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}
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const auto& summaryState = ebos_simulator.vanguard().summaryState();
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const auto& schedule = ebos_simulator.vanguard().schedule();
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const auto& well = this->well_ecl_;
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auto& ws = well_state.well(this->index_of_well_);
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std::string from;
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if (well.isInjector()) {
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from = Well::InjectorCMode2String(ws.injection_cmode);
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} else {
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from = Well::ProducerCMode2String(ws.production_cmode);
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}
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bool oscillating = std::count(this->well_control_log_.begin(), this->well_control_log_.end(), from) >= param_.max_number_of_well_switches_;
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if (oscillating) {
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// only output frist time
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bool output = std::count(this->well_control_log_.begin(), this->well_control_log_.end(), from) == param_.max_number_of_well_switches_;
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if (output) {
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std::ostringstream ss;
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ss << " The control model for well " << this->name()
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<< " is oscillating\n"
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<< " We don't allow for more than "
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<< param_.max_number_of_well_switches_
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<< " switches. The control is kept at " << from;
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deferred_logger.info(ss.str());
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// add one more to avoid outputting the same info again
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this->well_control_log_.push_back(from);
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}
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return false;
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}
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bool changed = false;
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if (iog == IndividualOrGroup::Individual) {
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changed = this->checkIndividualConstraints(ws, summaryState);
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} else if (iog == IndividualOrGroup::Group) {
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changed = this->checkGroupConstraints(well_state, group_state, schedule, summaryState, deferred_logger);
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} else {
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assert(iog == IndividualOrGroup::Both);
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changed = this->checkConstraints(well_state, group_state, schedule, summaryState, deferred_logger);
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}
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Parallel::Communication cc = ebos_simulator.vanguard().grid().comm();
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// checking whether control changed
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if (changed) {
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std::string to;
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if (well.isInjector()) {
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to = Well::InjectorCMode2String(ws.injection_cmode);
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} else {
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to = Well::ProducerCMode2String(ws.production_cmode);
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}
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std::ostringstream ss;
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ss << " Switching control mode for well " << this->name()
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<< " from " << from
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<< " to " << to;
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if (cc.size() > 1) {
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ss << " on rank " << cc.rank();
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}
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deferred_logger.debug(ss.str());
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this->well_control_log_.push_back(from);
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updateWellStateWithTarget(ebos_simulator, group_state, well_state, deferred_logger);
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updatePrimaryVariables(well_state, deferred_logger);
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}
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return changed;
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}
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template<typename TypeTag>
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void
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WellInterface<TypeTag>::
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wellTesting(const Simulator& simulator,
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const double simulation_time,
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/* const */ WellState& well_state,
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const GroupState& group_state,
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WellTestState& well_test_state,
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DeferredLogger& deferred_logger)
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{
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deferred_logger.info(" well " + this->name() + " is being tested");
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WellState well_state_copy = well_state;
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auto& ws = well_state_copy.well(this->indexOfWell());
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updateWellStateWithTarget(simulator, group_state, well_state_copy, deferred_logger);
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calculateExplicitQuantities(simulator, well_state_copy, deferred_logger);
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updatePrimaryVariables(well_state_copy, deferred_logger);
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initPrimaryVariablesEvaluation();
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WellTestState welltest_state_temp;
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bool testWell = true;
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// if a well is closed because all completions are closed, we need to check each completion
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// individually. We first open all completions, then we close one by one by calling updateWellTestState
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// untill the number of closed completions do not increase anymore.
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while (testWell) {
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const size_t original_number_closed_completions = welltest_state_temp.num_closed_completions();
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bool converged = solveWellForTesting(simulator, well_state_copy, group_state, deferred_logger);
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if (!converged) {
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const auto msg = fmt::format("WTEST: Well {} is not solvable (physical)", this->name());
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deferred_logger.debug(msg);
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return;
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}
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updateWellOperability(simulator, well_state_copy, deferred_logger);
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if ( !this->isOperableAndSolvable() ) {
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const auto msg = fmt::format("WTEST: Well {} is not operable (physical)", this->name());
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deferred_logger.debug(msg);
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return;
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}
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std::vector<double> potentials;
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try {
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computeWellPotentials(simulator, well_state_copy, potentials, deferred_logger);
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} catch (const std::exception& e) {
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const std::string msg = std::string("well ") + this->name() + std::string(": computeWellPotentials() failed during testing for re-opening: ") + e.what();
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deferred_logger.info(msg);
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return;
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}
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const int np = well_state_copy.numPhases();
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for (int p = 0; p < np; ++p) {
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ws.well_potentials[p] = std::max(0.0, potentials[p]);
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}
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this->updateWellTestState(well_state_copy.well(this->indexOfWell()), simulation_time, /*writeMessageToOPMLog=*/ false, welltest_state_temp, deferred_logger);
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this->closeCompletions(welltest_state_temp);
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// Stop testing if the well is closed or shut due to all completions shut
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// Also check if number of completions has increased. If the number of closed completions do not increased
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// we stop the testing.
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// TODO: it can be tricky here, if the well is shut/closed due to other reasons
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if ( welltest_state_temp.num_closed_wells() > 0 ||
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(original_number_closed_completions == welltest_state_temp.num_closed_completions()) ) {
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testWell = false; // this terminates the while loop
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}
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}
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// update wellTestState if the well test succeeds
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if (!welltest_state_temp.well_is_closed(this->name())) {
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well_test_state.open_well(this->name());
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std::string msg = std::string("well ") + this->name() + std::string(" is re-opened");
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deferred_logger.info(msg);
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// also reopen completions
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for (auto& completion : this->well_ecl_.getCompletions()) {
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if (!welltest_state_temp.completion_is_closed(this->name(), completion.first))
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well_test_state.open_completion(this->name(), completion.first);
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}
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// set the status of the well_state to open
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ws.open();
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well_state = well_state_copy;
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}
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}
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template<typename TypeTag>
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bool
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WellInterface<TypeTag>::
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iterateWellEquations(const Simulator& ebosSimulator,
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const double dt,
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WellState& well_state,
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const GroupState& group_state,
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DeferredLogger& deferred_logger)
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{
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const auto& summary_state = ebosSimulator.vanguard().summaryState();
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const auto inj_controls = this->well_ecl_.isInjector() ? this->well_ecl_.injectionControls(summary_state) : Well::InjectionControls(0);
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const auto prod_controls = this->well_ecl_.isProducer() ? this->well_ecl_.productionControls(summary_state) : Well::ProductionControls(0);
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bool converged = false;
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try {
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converged = this->iterateWellEqWithControl(ebosSimulator, dt, inj_controls, prod_controls, well_state, group_state, deferred_logger);
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} catch (NumericalIssue& e ) {
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const std::string msg = "Inner well iterations failed for well " + this->name() + " Treat the well as unconverged. ";
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deferred_logger.warning("INNER_ITERATION_FAILED", msg);
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converged = false;
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}
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return converged;
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}
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template<typename TypeTag>
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bool
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WellInterface<TypeTag>::
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solveWellForTesting(const Simulator& ebosSimulator, WellState& well_state, const GroupState& group_state,
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DeferredLogger& deferred_logger)
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{
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// keep a copy of the original well state
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const WellState well_state0 = well_state;
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const double dt = ebosSimulator.timeStepSize();
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const bool converged = iterateWellEquations(ebosSimulator, dt, well_state, group_state, deferred_logger);
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if (converged) {
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deferred_logger.debug("WellTest: Well equation for well " + this->name() + " converged");
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return true;
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}
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const int max_iter = param_.max_welleq_iter_;
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deferred_logger.debug("WellTest: Well equation for well " + this->name() + " failed converging in "
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+ std::to_string(max_iter) + " iterations");
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well_state = well_state0;
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return false;
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}
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template<typename TypeTag>
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void
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WellInterface<TypeTag>::
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solveWellEquation(const Simulator& ebosSimulator,
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WellState& well_state,
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const GroupState& group_state,
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DeferredLogger& deferred_logger)
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{
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if (!this->isOperableAndSolvable())
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return;
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// keep a copy of the original well state
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const WellState well_state0 = well_state;
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const double dt = ebosSimulator.timeStepSize();
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const bool converged = iterateWellEquations(ebosSimulator, dt, well_state, group_state, deferred_logger);
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if (!converged) {
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const int max_iter = param_.max_welleq_iter_;
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deferred_logger.debug("Compute initial well solution for well " + this->name() + ". Failed to converge in "
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+ std::to_string(max_iter) + " iterations");
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well_state = well_state0;
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}
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}
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template <typename TypeTag>
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void
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WellInterface<TypeTag>::
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assembleWellEq(const Simulator& ebosSimulator,
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const double dt,
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WellState& well_state,
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const GroupState& group_state,
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DeferredLogger& deferred_logger)
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{
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const bool old_well_operable = this->operability_status_.isOperableAndSolvable();
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if (param_.check_well_operability_iter_)
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checkWellOperability(ebosSimulator, well_state, deferred_logger);
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// only use inner well iterations for the first newton iterations.
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const int iteration_idx = ebosSimulator.model().newtonMethod().numIterations();
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if (iteration_idx < param_.max_niter_inner_well_iter_) {
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this->operability_status_.solvable = true;
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bool converged = this->iterateWellEquations(ebosSimulator, dt, well_state, group_state, deferred_logger);
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// unsolvable wells are treated as not operable and will not be solved for in this iteration.
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if (!converged) {
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if (param_.shut_unsolvable_wells_)
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this->operability_status_.solvable = false;
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}
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}
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if (this->operability_status_.has_negative_potentials) {
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auto well_state_copy = well_state;
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std::vector<double> potentials;
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try {
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computeWellPotentials(ebosSimulator, well_state_copy, potentials, deferred_logger);
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} catch (const std::exception& e) {
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const std::string msg = std::string("well ") + this->name() + std::string(": computeWellPotentials() failed during attempt to recompute potentials for well : ") + e.what();
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deferred_logger.info(msg);
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this->operability_status_.has_negative_potentials = true;
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}
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auto& ws = well_state.well(this->indexOfWell());
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const int np = well_state.numPhases();
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for (int p = 0; p < np; ++p) {
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ws.well_potentials[p] = std::max(0.0, potentials[p]);
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}
|
|
}
|
|
this->changed_to_open_this_step_ = false;
|
|
const bool well_operable = this->operability_status_.isOperableAndSolvable();
|
|
if (!well_operable && old_well_operable) {
|
|
if (this->well_ecl_.getAutomaticShutIn()) {
|
|
deferred_logger.info(" well " + this->name() + " gets SHUT during iteration ");
|
|
} else {
|
|
if (!this->wellIsStopped()) {
|
|
deferred_logger.info(" well " + this->name() + " gets STOPPED during iteration ");
|
|
this->stopWell();
|
|
changed_to_stopped_this_step_ = true;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
} else if (well_operable && !old_well_operable) {
|
|
deferred_logger.info(" well " + this->name() + " gets REVIVED during iteration ");
|
|
this->openWell();
|
|
changed_to_stopped_this_step_ = false;
|
|
this->changed_to_open_this_step_ = true;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
const auto& summary_state = ebosSimulator.vanguard().summaryState();
|
|
const auto inj_controls = this->well_ecl_.isInjector() ? this->well_ecl_.injectionControls(summary_state) : Well::InjectionControls(0);
|
|
const auto prod_controls = this->well_ecl_.isProducer() ? this->well_ecl_.productionControls(summary_state) : Well::ProductionControls(0);
|
|
assembleWellEqWithoutIteration(ebosSimulator, dt, inj_controls, prod_controls, well_state, group_state, deferred_logger);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
template<typename TypeTag>
|
|
void
|
|
WellInterface<TypeTag>::addCellRates(RateVector& rates, int cellIdx) const
|
|
{
|
|
for (int perfIdx = 0; perfIdx < this->number_of_perforations_; ++perfIdx) {
|
|
if (this->cells()[perfIdx] == cellIdx) {
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < RateVector::dimension; ++i) {
|
|
rates[i] += connectionRates_[perfIdx][i];
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
template<typename TypeTag>
|
|
typename WellInterface<TypeTag>::Scalar
|
|
WellInterface<TypeTag>::volumetricSurfaceRateForConnection(int cellIdx, int phaseIdx) const {
|
|
for (int perfIdx = 0; perfIdx < this->number_of_perforations_; ++perfIdx) {
|
|
if (this->cells()[perfIdx] == cellIdx) {
|
|
const unsigned activeCompIdx = Indices::canonicalToActiveComponentIndex(FluidSystem::solventComponentIndex(phaseIdx));
|
|
return connectionRates_[perfIdx][activeCompIdx].value();
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
// this is not thread safe
|
|
OPM_THROW(std::invalid_argument, "The well with name " + this->name()
|
|
+ " does not perforate cell " + std::to_string(cellIdx));
|
|
return 0.0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
template<typename TypeTag>
|
|
void
|
|
WellInterface<TypeTag>::
|
|
checkWellOperability(const Simulator& ebos_simulator,
|
|
const WellState& well_state,
|
|
DeferredLogger& deferred_logger)
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
if (!param_.check_well_operability_) {
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if (this->wellIsStopped() && !changed_to_stopped_this_step_) {
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
updateWellOperability(ebos_simulator, well_state, deferred_logger);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
template<typename TypeTag>
|
|
void
|
|
WellInterface<TypeTag>::
|
|
updateWellOperability(const Simulator& ebos_simulator,
|
|
const WellState& well_state,
|
|
DeferredLogger& deferred_logger)
|
|
{
|
|
this->operability_status_.resetOperability();
|
|
|
|
bool thp_controled = this->isInjector() ? well_state.well(this->index_of_well_).injection_cmode == Well::InjectorCMode::THP:
|
|
well_state.well(this->index_of_well_).production_cmode == Well::ProducerCMode::THP;
|
|
bool bhp_controled = this->isInjector() ? well_state.well(this->index_of_well_).injection_cmode == Well::InjectorCMode::BHP:
|
|
well_state.well(this->index_of_well_).production_cmode == Well::ProducerCMode::BHP;
|
|
|
|
// Operability checking is not free
|
|
// Only check wells under BHP and THP control
|
|
if(bhp_controled || thp_controled) {
|
|
updateIPR(ebos_simulator, deferred_logger);
|
|
checkOperabilityUnderBHPLimit(well_state, ebos_simulator, deferred_logger);
|
|
}
|
|
// we do some extra checking for wells under THP control.
|
|
if (thp_controled) {
|
|
checkOperabilityUnderTHPLimit(ebos_simulator, well_state, deferred_logger);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
template<typename TypeTag>
|
|
void
|
|
WellInterface<TypeTag>::
|
|
updateWellStateWithTarget(const Simulator& ebos_simulator,
|
|
const GroupState& group_state,
|
|
WellState& well_state,
|
|
DeferredLogger& deferred_logger) const
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
// only bhp and wellRates are used to initilize the primaryvariables for standard wells
|
|
const auto& well = this->well_ecl_;
|
|
const int well_index = this->index_of_well_;
|
|
auto& ws = well_state.well(well_index);
|
|
const auto& pu = this->phaseUsage();
|
|
const int np = well_state.numPhases();
|
|
const auto& summaryState = ebos_simulator.vanguard().summaryState();
|
|
const auto& schedule = ebos_simulator.vanguard().schedule();
|
|
|
|
if (this->wellIsStopped()) {
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[p] = 0;
|
|
}
|
|
ws.thp = 0;
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if (this->isInjector() )
|
|
{
|
|
const auto& controls = well.injectionControls(summaryState);
|
|
|
|
InjectorType injectorType = controls.injector_type;
|
|
int phasePos;
|
|
switch (injectorType) {
|
|
case InjectorType::WATER:
|
|
{
|
|
phasePos = pu.phase_pos[BlackoilPhases::Aqua];
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
case InjectorType::OIL:
|
|
{
|
|
phasePos = pu.phase_pos[BlackoilPhases::Liquid];
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
case InjectorType::GAS:
|
|
{
|
|
phasePos = pu.phase_pos[BlackoilPhases::Vapour];
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
default:
|
|
OPM_DEFLOG_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Expected WATER, OIL or GAS as type for injectors " + this->name(), deferred_logger );
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
const auto current = ws.injection_cmode;
|
|
|
|
switch(current) {
|
|
case Well::InjectorCMode::RATE:
|
|
{
|
|
ws.surface_rates[phasePos] = controls.surface_rate;
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
case Well::InjectorCMode::RESV:
|
|
{
|
|
std::vector<double> convert_coeff(this->number_of_phases_, 1.0);
|
|
this->rateConverter_.calcCoeff(/*fipreg*/ 0, this->pvtRegionIdx_, convert_coeff);
|
|
const double coeff = convert_coeff[phasePos];
|
|
ws.surface_rates[phasePos] = controls.reservoir_rate/coeff;
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
case Well::InjectorCMode::THP:
|
|
{
|
|
auto rates = ws.surface_rates;
|
|
double bhp = this->calculateBhpFromThp(well_state, rates, well, summaryState, this->getRefDensity(), deferred_logger);
|
|
ws.bhp = bhp;
|
|
|
|
// if the total rates are negative or zero
|
|
// we try to provide a better intial well rate
|
|
// using the well potentials
|
|
double total_rate = std::accumulate(rates.begin(), rates.end(), 0.0);
|
|
if (total_rate <= 0.0)
|
|
ws.surface_rates = ws.well_potentials;
|
|
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
case Well::InjectorCMode::BHP:
|
|
{
|
|
ws.bhp = controls.bhp_limit;
|
|
double total_rate = 0.0;
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
total_rate += ws.surface_rates[p];
|
|
}
|
|
// if the total rates are negative or zero
|
|
// we try to provide a better intial well rate
|
|
// using the well potentials
|
|
if (total_rate <= 0.0)
|
|
ws.surface_rates = ws.well_potentials;
|
|
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
case Well::InjectorCMode::GRUP:
|
|
{
|
|
assert(well.isAvailableForGroupControl());
|
|
const auto& group = schedule.getGroup(well.groupName(), this->currentStep());
|
|
const double efficiencyFactor = well.getEfficiencyFactor();
|
|
std::optional<double> target =
|
|
this->getGroupInjectionTargetRate(group,
|
|
well_state,
|
|
group_state,
|
|
schedule,
|
|
summaryState,
|
|
injectorType,
|
|
efficiencyFactor,
|
|
deferred_logger);
|
|
if (target)
|
|
ws.surface_rates[phasePos] = *target;
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
case Well::InjectorCMode::CMODE_UNDEFINED:
|
|
{
|
|
OPM_DEFLOG_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Well control must be specified for well " + this->name(), deferred_logger );
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
//Producer
|
|
else
|
|
{
|
|
const auto current = ws.production_cmode;
|
|
const auto& controls = well.productionControls(summaryState);
|
|
switch (current) {
|
|
case Well::ProducerCMode::ORAT:
|
|
{
|
|
double current_rate = -ws.surface_rates[ pu.phase_pos[Oil] ];
|
|
// for trivial rates or opposite direction we don't just scale the rates
|
|
// but use either the potentials or the mobility ratio to initial the well rates
|
|
if (current_rate > 0.0) {
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[p] *= controls.oil_rate/current_rate;
|
|
}
|
|
} else {
|
|
const std::vector<double> fractions = initialWellRateFractions(ebos_simulator, well_state);
|
|
double control_fraction = fractions[pu.phase_pos[Oil]];
|
|
if (control_fraction != 0.0) {
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[p] = - fractions[p] * controls.oil_rate/control_fraction;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
case Well::ProducerCMode::WRAT:
|
|
{
|
|
double current_rate = -ws.surface_rates[ pu.phase_pos[Water] ];
|
|
// for trivial rates or opposite direction we don't just scale the rates
|
|
// but use either the potentials or the mobility ratio to initial the well rates
|
|
if (current_rate > 0.0) {
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[p] *= controls.water_rate/current_rate;
|
|
}
|
|
} else {
|
|
const std::vector<double> fractions = initialWellRateFractions(ebos_simulator, well_state);
|
|
double control_fraction = fractions[pu.phase_pos[Water]];
|
|
if (control_fraction != 0.0) {
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[p] = - fractions[p] * controls.water_rate/control_fraction;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
case Well::ProducerCMode::GRAT:
|
|
{
|
|
double current_rate = -ws.surface_rates[pu.phase_pos[Gas] ];
|
|
// or trivial rates or opposite direction we don't just scale the rates
|
|
// but use either the potentials or the mobility ratio to initial the well rates
|
|
if (current_rate > 0.0) {
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[p] *= controls.gas_rate/current_rate;
|
|
}
|
|
} else {
|
|
const std::vector<double> fractions = initialWellRateFractions(ebos_simulator, well_state);
|
|
double control_fraction = fractions[pu.phase_pos[Gas]];
|
|
if (control_fraction != 0.0) {
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[p] = - fractions[p] * controls.gas_rate/control_fraction;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
break;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
case Well::ProducerCMode::LRAT:
|
|
{
|
|
double current_rate = -ws.surface_rates[ pu.phase_pos[Water] ]
|
|
- ws.surface_rates[ pu.phase_pos[Oil] ];
|
|
// or trivial rates or opposite direction we don't just scale the rates
|
|
// but use either the potentials or the mobility ratio to initial the well rates
|
|
if (current_rate > 0.0) {
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[p] *= controls.liquid_rate/current_rate;
|
|
}
|
|
} else {
|
|
const std::vector<double> fractions = initialWellRateFractions(ebos_simulator, well_state);
|
|
double control_fraction = fractions[pu.phase_pos[Water]] + fractions[pu.phase_pos[Oil]];
|
|
if (control_fraction != 0.0) {
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[p] = - fractions[p] * controls.liquid_rate / control_fraction;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
case Well::ProducerCMode::CRAT:
|
|
{
|
|
OPM_DEFLOG_THROW(std::runtime_error, "CRAT control not supported " << this->name(), deferred_logger);
|
|
}
|
|
case Well::ProducerCMode::RESV:
|
|
{
|
|
std::vector<double> convert_coeff(this->number_of_phases_, 1.0);
|
|
this->rateConverter_.calcCoeff(/*fipreg*/ 0, this->pvtRegionIdx_, convert_coeff);
|
|
double total_res_rate = 0.0;
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
total_res_rate -= ws.surface_rates[p] * convert_coeff[p];
|
|
}
|
|
if (controls.prediction_mode) {
|
|
// or trivial rates or opposite direction we don't just scale the rates
|
|
// but use either the potentials or the mobility ratio to initial the well rates
|
|
if (total_res_rate > 0.0) {
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[p] *= controls.resv_rate/total_res_rate;
|
|
}
|
|
} else {
|
|
const std::vector<double> fractions = initialWellRateFractions(ebos_simulator, well_state);
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[p] = - fractions[p] * controls.resv_rate / convert_coeff[p];
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
} else {
|
|
std::vector<double> hrates(this->number_of_phases_,0.);
|
|
if (FluidSystem::phaseIsActive(FluidSystem::waterPhaseIdx)) {
|
|
hrates[pu.phase_pos[Water]] = controls.water_rate;
|
|
}
|
|
if (FluidSystem::phaseIsActive(FluidSystem::oilPhaseIdx)) {
|
|
hrates[pu.phase_pos[Oil]] = controls.oil_rate;
|
|
}
|
|
if (FluidSystem::phaseIsActive(FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx)) {
|
|
hrates[pu.phase_pos[Gas]] = controls.gas_rate;
|
|
}
|
|
std::vector<double> hrates_resv(this->number_of_phases_,0.);
|
|
this->rateConverter_.calcReservoirVoidageRates(/*fipreg*/ 0, this->pvtRegionIdx_, hrates, hrates_resv);
|
|
double target = std::accumulate(hrates_resv.begin(), hrates_resv.end(), 0.0);
|
|
// or trivial rates or opposite direction we don't just scale the rates
|
|
// but use either the potentials or the mobility ratio to initial the well rates
|
|
if (total_res_rate > 0.0) {
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[p] *= target/total_res_rate;
|
|
}
|
|
} else {
|
|
const std::vector<double> fractions = initialWellRateFractions(ebos_simulator, well_state);
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[p] = - fractions[p] * target / convert_coeff[p];
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
case Well::ProducerCMode::BHP:
|
|
{
|
|
ws.bhp = controls.bhp_limit;
|
|
double total_rate = 0.0;
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
total_rate -= ws.surface_rates[p];
|
|
}
|
|
// if the total rates are negative or zero
|
|
// we try to provide a better intial well rate
|
|
// using the well potentials
|
|
if (total_rate <= 0.0){
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[p] = -ws.well_potentials[p];
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
case Well::ProducerCMode::THP:
|
|
{
|
|
auto rates = ws.surface_rates;
|
|
double bhp = this->calculateBhpFromThp(well_state, rates, well, summaryState, this->getRefDensity(), deferred_logger);
|
|
ws.bhp = bhp;
|
|
|
|
// if the total rates are negative or zero
|
|
// we try to provide a better intial well rate
|
|
// using the well potentials
|
|
double total_rate = -std::accumulate(rates.begin(), rates.end(), 0.0);
|
|
if (total_rate <= 0.0){
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[p] = -ws.well_potentials[p];
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
case Well::ProducerCMode::GRUP:
|
|
{
|
|
assert(well.isAvailableForGroupControl());
|
|
const auto& group = schedule.getGroup(well.groupName(), this->currentStep());
|
|
const double efficiencyFactor = well.getEfficiencyFactor();
|
|
double scale = this->getGroupProductionTargetRate(group,
|
|
well_state,
|
|
group_state,
|
|
schedule,
|
|
summaryState,
|
|
efficiencyFactor);
|
|
|
|
// we don't want to scale with zero and get zero rates.
|
|
if (scale > 0) {
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
ws.surface_rates[p] *= scale;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
case Well::ProducerCMode::CMODE_UNDEFINED:
|
|
case Well::ProducerCMode::NONE:
|
|
{
|
|
OPM_DEFLOG_THROW(std::runtime_error, "Well control must be specified for well " + this->name() , deferred_logger);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
break;
|
|
} // end of switch
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
template<typename TypeTag>
|
|
std::vector<double>
|
|
WellInterface<TypeTag>::
|
|
initialWellRateFractions(const Simulator& ebosSimulator, const WellState& well_state) const
|
|
{
|
|
const int np = this->number_of_phases_;
|
|
std::vector<double> scaling_factor(np);
|
|
const auto& ws = well_state.well(this->index_of_well_);
|
|
|
|
double total_potentials = 0.0;
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
total_potentials += ws.well_potentials[p];
|
|
}
|
|
if (total_potentials > 0) {
|
|
for (int p = 0; p<np; ++p) {
|
|
scaling_factor[p] = ws.well_potentials[p] / total_potentials;
|
|
}
|
|
return scaling_factor;
|
|
}
|
|
// if we don't have any potentials we weight it using the mobilites
|
|
// We only need approximation so we don't bother with the vapporized oil and dissolved gas
|
|
double total_tw = 0;
|
|
const int nperf = this->number_of_perforations_;
|
|
for (int perf = 0; perf < nperf; ++perf) {
|
|
total_tw += this->well_index_[perf];
|
|
}
|
|
for (int perf = 0; perf < nperf; ++perf) {
|
|
const int cell_idx = this->well_cells_[perf];
|
|
const auto& intQuants = *(ebosSimulator.model().cachedIntensiveQuantities(cell_idx, /*timeIdx=*/0));
|
|
const auto& fs = intQuants.fluidState();
|
|
const double well_tw_fraction = this->well_index_[perf] / total_tw;
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|
double total_mobility = 0.0;
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|
for (int p = 0; p < np; ++p) {
|
|
int ebosPhaseIdx = this->flowPhaseToEbosPhaseIdx(p);
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|
total_mobility += fs.invB(ebosPhaseIdx).value() * intQuants.mobility(ebosPhaseIdx).value();
|
|
}
|
|
for (int p = 0; p < np; ++p) {
|
|
int ebosPhaseIdx = this->flowPhaseToEbosPhaseIdx(p);
|
|
scaling_factor[p] += well_tw_fraction * fs.invB(ebosPhaseIdx).value() * intQuants.mobility(ebosPhaseIdx).value() / total_mobility;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
return scaling_factor;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
template <typename TypeTag>
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|
void
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|
WellInterface<TypeTag>::
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|
updateWellStateRates(const Simulator& ebosSimulator,
|
|
WellState& well_state,
|
|
DeferredLogger& deferred_logger) const
|
|
{
|
|
// Check if the rates of this well only are single-phase, do nothing
|
|
// if more than one nonzero rate.
|
|
auto& ws = well_state.well(this->index_of_well_);
|
|
int nonzero_rate_index = -1;
|
|
for (int p = 0; p < this->number_of_phases_; ++p) {
|
|
if (ws.surface_rates[p] != 0.0) {
|
|
if (nonzero_rate_index == -1) {
|
|
nonzero_rate_index = p;
|
|
} else {
|
|
// More than one nonzero rate.
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
if (nonzero_rate_index == -1) {
|
|
// No nonzero rates.
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Calculate the rates that follow from the current primary variables.
|
|
std::vector<double> well_q_s = computeCurrentWellRates(ebosSimulator, deferred_logger);
|
|
|
|
// Set the currently-zero phase flows to be nonzero in proportion to well_q_s.
|
|
const double initial_nonzero_rate = ws.surface_rates[nonzero_rate_index];
|
|
const int comp_idx_nz = this->flowPhaseToEbosCompIdx(nonzero_rate_index);
|
|
for (int p = 0; p < this->number_of_phases_; ++p) {
|
|
if (p != nonzero_rate_index) {
|
|
const int comp_idx = this->flowPhaseToEbosCompIdx(p);
|
|
double& rate = ws.surface_rates[p];
|
|
rate = (initial_nonzero_rate/well_q_s[comp_idx_nz]) * (well_q_s[comp_idx]);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
template<typename TypeTag>
|
|
typename WellInterface<TypeTag>::Eval
|
|
WellInterface<TypeTag>::getPerfCellPressure(const typename WellInterface<TypeTag>::FluidState& fs) const
|
|
{
|
|
Eval pressure;
|
|
if (Indices::oilEnabled) {
|
|
pressure = fs.pressure(FluidSystem::oilPhaseIdx);
|
|
} else {
|
|
if (Indices::waterEnabled) {
|
|
pressure = fs.pressure(FluidSystem::waterPhaseIdx);
|
|
} else {
|
|
pressure = fs.pressure(FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
return pressure;
|
|
}
|
|
} // namespace Opm
|