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622 lines
21 KiB
C++
622 lines
21 KiB
C++
/*
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Copyright (C) 2009-2013 by Andreas Lauser
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Copyright (C) 2010 by Melanie Darcis
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This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).
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OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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GNU General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with OPM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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*/
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/*!
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* \file
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*
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* \copydoc Ewoms::ReservoirProblem
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*/
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#ifndef EWOMS_RESERVOIR_PROBLEM_HH
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#define EWOMS_RESERVOIR_PROBLEM_HH
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#include <ewoms/models/blackoil/blackoilproperties.hh>
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#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/LinearMaterial.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/MaterialTraits.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidstates/CompositionalFluidState.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidsystems/blackoilpvt/DryGasPvt.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidsystems/blackoilpvt/LiveOilPvt.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidsystems/blackoilpvt/ConstantCompressibilityWaterPvt.hpp>
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#include <dune/grid/yaspgrid.hh>
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#include <dune/grid/io/file/dgfparser/dgfyasp.hh>
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#include <dune/common/version.hh>
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#include <dune/common/fvector.hh>
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#include <dune/common/fmatrix.hh>
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#include <vector>
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#include <string>
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namespace Ewoms {
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template <class TypeTag>
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class ReservoirProblem;
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}
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namespace Ewoms {
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namespace Properties {
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NEW_TYPE_TAG(ReservoirBaseProblem);
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// Maximum depth of the reservoir
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NEW_PROP_TAG(MaxDepth);
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// The temperature inside the reservoir
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NEW_PROP_TAG(Temperature);
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// The name of the simulation (used for writing VTK files)
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NEW_PROP_TAG(SimulationName);
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// Set the grid type
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SET_TYPE_PROP(ReservoirBaseProblem, Grid, Dune::YaspGrid<2>);
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// Set the problem property
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SET_TYPE_PROP(ReservoirBaseProblem, Problem, Ewoms::ReservoirProblem<TypeTag>);
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// Set the material Law
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SET_PROP(ReservoirBaseProblem, MaterialLaw)
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{
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private:
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Scalar) Scalar;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, FluidSystem) FluidSystem;
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typedef Opm::
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ThreePhaseMaterialTraits<Scalar,
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/*wettingPhaseIdx=*/FluidSystem::waterPhaseIdx,
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/*nonWettingPhaseIdx=*/FluidSystem::oilPhaseIdx,
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/*gasPhaseIdx=*/FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx> Traits;
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public:
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typedef Opm::LinearMaterial<Traits> type;
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};
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// Write the Newton convergence behavior to disk?
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SET_BOOL_PROP(ReservoirBaseProblem, NewtonWriteConvergence, false);
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// Enable gravity
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SET_BOOL_PROP(ReservoirBaseProblem, EnableGravity, true);
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// Reuse the last linearization if possible?
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SET_BOOL_PROP(ReservoirBaseProblem, EnableLinearizationRecycling, true);
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// Enable constraint DOFs?
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SET_BOOL_PROP(ReservoirBaseProblem, EnableConstraints, true);
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// set the defaults for some problem specific properties
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SET_SCALAR_PROP(ReservoirBaseProblem, MaxDepth, 2500);
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SET_SCALAR_PROP(ReservoirBaseProblem, Temperature, 293.15);
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SET_STRING_PROP(ReservoirBaseProblem, SimulationName, "reservoir");
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// The default for the end time of the simulation [s]
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SET_SCALAR_PROP(ReservoirBaseProblem, EndTime, 100);
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// The default for the initial time step size of the simulation [s]
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SET_SCALAR_PROP(ReservoirBaseProblem, InitialTimeStepSize, 10);
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// The default DGF file to load
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SET_STRING_PROP(ReservoirBaseProblem, GridFile, "data/reservoir.dgf");
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}} // namespace Properties, Opm
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namespace Ewoms {
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/*!
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* \ingroup TestProblems
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*
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* \brief Some simple test problem for the black-oil VCVF discretization
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* inspired by an oil reservoir.
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*
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* The domain is two-dimensional and exhibits a size of 6000m times
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* 60m. Initially, the reservoir is assumed by oil with a bubble point
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* pressure of 20 MPa, which also the initial pressure in the
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* domain. No-flow boundaries are used for all boundaries. The
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* permeability of the lower 10 m is reduced compared to the upper 10
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* m of the domain witch capillary pressure always being
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* neglected. Three wells are approximated using constraints: Two
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* water-injector wells, one at the lower-left boundary one at the
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* lower-right boundary and one producer well in the upper part of the
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* center of the domain. The pressure for the producer is assumed to
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* be 2/3 of the reservoir pressure, the injector wells use a pressure
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* which is 50% above the reservoir pressure.
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*/
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template <class TypeTag>
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class ReservoirProblem : public GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, BaseProblem)
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{
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, BaseProblem) ParentType;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, GridView) GridView;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Scalar) Scalar;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, FluidSystem) FluidSystem;
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// Grid and world dimension
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enum { dim = GridView::dimension };
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enum { dimWorld = GridView::dimensionworld };
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// copy some indices for convenience
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enum { numPhases = FluidSystem::numPhases };
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enum { numComponents = FluidSystem::numComponents };
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enum { gasPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx };
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enum { oilPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::oilPhaseIdx };
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enum { waterPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::waterPhaseIdx };
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enum { gasCompIdx = FluidSystem::gasCompIdx };
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enum { oilCompIdx = FluidSystem::oilCompIdx };
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enum { waterCompIdx = FluidSystem::waterCompIdx };
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, PrimaryVariables) PrimaryVariables;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, EqVector) EqVector;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, RateVector) RateVector;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, BoundaryRateVector) BoundaryRateVector;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Constraints) Constraints;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, MaterialLaw) MaterialLaw;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, BlackOilFluidState) BlackOilFluidState;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Simulator) Simulator;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, MaterialLawParams) MaterialLawParams;
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typedef typename GridView::ctype CoordScalar;
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typedef Dune::FieldVector<CoordScalar, dimWorld> GlobalPosition;
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typedef Dune::FieldMatrix<Scalar, dimWorld, dimWorld> DimMatrix;
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typedef Dune::FieldVector<Scalar, numPhases> PhaseVector;
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public:
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/*!
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* \copydoc Doxygen::defaultProblemConstructor
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*/
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ReservoirProblem(Simulator &simulator)
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: ParentType(simulator)
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{ }
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::finishInit
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*/
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void finishInit()
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{
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ParentType::finishInit();
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eps_ = 1e-6;
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temperature_ = EWOMS_GET_PARAM(TypeTag, Scalar, Temperature);
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maxDepth_ = EWOMS_GET_PARAM(TypeTag, Scalar, MaxDepth);
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FluidSystem::initBegin(/*numPvtRegions=*/1);
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std::vector<std::pair<Scalar, Scalar> > Bo = {
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{ 101353, 1.062 },
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{ 1.82504e+06, 1.15 },
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{ 3.54873e+06, 1.207 },
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{ 6.99611e+06, 1.295 },
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{ 1.38909e+07, 1.435 },
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{ 1.73382e+07, 1.5 },
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{ 2.07856e+07, 1.565 },
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{ 2.76804e+07, 1.695 },
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{ 3.45751e+07, 1.827 }
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};
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std::vector<std::pair<Scalar, Scalar> > muo = {
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{ 101353, 0.00104 },
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{ 1.82504e+06, 0.000975 },
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{ 3.54873e+06, 0.00091 },
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{ 6.99611e+06, 0.00083 },
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{ 1.38909e+07, 0.000695 },
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{ 1.73382e+07, 0.000641 },
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{ 2.07856e+07, 0.000594 },
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{ 2.76804e+07, 0.00051 },
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{ 3.45751e+07, 0.000449 }
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};
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std::vector<std::pair<Scalar, Scalar> > Rs = {
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{ 101353, 0.178108 },
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{ 1.82504e+06, 16.1187 },
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{ 3.54873e+06, 32.0594 },
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{ 6.99611e+06, 66.0779 },
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{ 1.38909e+07, 113.276 },
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{ 1.73382e+07, 138.033 },
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{ 2.07856e+07, 165.64 },
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{ 2.76804e+07, 226.197 },
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{ 3.45751e+07, 288.178 }
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};
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std::vector<std::pair<Scalar, Scalar> > Bg = {
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{ 101353, 0.93576 },
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{ 1.82504e+06, 0.0678972 },
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{ 3.54873e+06, 0.0352259 },
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{ 6.99611e+06, 0.0179498 },
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{ 1.38909e+07, 0.00906194 },
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{ 1.73382e+07, 0.00726527 },
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{ 2.07856e+07, 0.00606375 },
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{ 2.76804e+07, 0.00455343 },
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{ 3.45751e+07, 0.00364386 },
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{ 6.21542e+07, 0.00216723 }
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};
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std::vector<std::pair<Scalar, Scalar> > mug = {
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{ 101353, 8e-06 },
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{ 1.82504e+06, 9.6e-06 },
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{ 3.54873e+06, 1.12e-05 },
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{ 6.99611e+06, 1.4e-05 },
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{ 1.38909e+07, 1.89e-05 },
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{ 1.73382e+07, 2.08e-05 },
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{ 2.07856e+07, 2.28e-05 },
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{ 2.76804e+07, 2.68e-05 },
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{ 3.45751e+07, 3.09e-05 },
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{ 6.21542e+07, 4.7e-05 }
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};
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FluidSystem::setReferenceDensities(/*oil=*/786,
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/*water=*/1037,
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/*gas=*/0.97,
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/*pvtRegionIdx=*/0);
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Opm::DryGasPvt<Scalar> *gasPvt = new Opm::DryGasPvt<Scalar>;
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gasPvt->setNumRegions(/*numPvtRegion=*/1);
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gasPvt->setGasFormationVolumeFactor(/*regionIdx=*/0, Bg);
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gasPvt->setGasViscosity(/*regionIdx=*/0, mug);
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gasPvt->initEnd();
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typedef std::shared_ptr<const Opm::GasPvtInterface<Scalar> > GasPvtSharedPtr;
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FluidSystem::setGasPvt(GasPvtSharedPtr(gasPvt));
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Opm::LiveOilPvt<Scalar> *oilPvt = new Opm::LiveOilPvt<Scalar>;
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oilPvt->setNumRegions(/*numPvtRegion=*/1);
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oilPvt->setSaturatedOilGasDissolutionFactor(/*regionIdx=*/0, Rs);
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oilPvt->setSaturatedOilFormationVolumeFactor(/*regionIdx=*/0, Bo);
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oilPvt->setSaturatedOilViscosity(/*regionIdx=*/0, muo);
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oilPvt->initEnd();
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typedef std::shared_ptr<const Opm::OilPvtInterface<Scalar> > OilPvtSharedPtr;
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FluidSystem::setOilPvt(OilPvtSharedPtr(oilPvt));
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Opm::ConstantCompressibilityWaterPvt<Scalar> *waterPvt =
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new Opm::ConstantCompressibilityWaterPvt<Scalar>;
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waterPvt->setNumRegions(/*numPvtRegions=*/1);
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waterPvt->setViscosity(/*regionIdx=*/0, 9.6e-4);
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waterPvt->setCompressibility(/*regionIdx=*/0, 1.450377e-10);
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waterPvt->initEnd();
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typedef std::shared_ptr<const Opm::WaterPvtInterface<Scalar> > WaterPvtSharedPtr;
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FluidSystem::setWaterPvt(WaterPvtSharedPtr(waterPvt));
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FluidSystem::initEnd();
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pReservoir_ = 330e5;
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layerBottom_ = 22.0;
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// intrinsic permeabilities
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fineK_ = this->toDimMatrix_(1e-12);
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coarseK_ = this->toDimMatrix_(1e-11);
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// porosities
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finePorosity_ = 0.2;
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coarsePorosity_ = 0.3;
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for (int phaseIdx = 0; phaseIdx < numPhases; ++phaseIdx) {
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fineMaterialParams_.setPcMinSat(phaseIdx, 0.0);
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fineMaterialParams_.setPcMaxSat(phaseIdx, 0.0);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setPcMinSat(phaseIdx, 0.0);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setPcMaxSat(phaseIdx, 0.0);
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}
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// wrap up the initialization of the material law's parameters
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fineMaterialParams_.finalize();
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coarseMaterialParams_.finalize();
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initFluidState_();
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::registerParameters
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*/
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static void registerParameters()
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{
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ParentType::registerParameters();
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EWOMS_REGISTER_PARAM(TypeTag, Scalar, Temperature,
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"The temperature [K] in the reservoir");
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EWOMS_REGISTER_PARAM(TypeTag, Scalar, MaxDepth,
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"The maximum depth [m] of the reservoir");
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EWOMS_REGISTER_PARAM(TypeTag, std::string, SimulationName,
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"The name of the simulation used for the output "
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"files");
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::name
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*/
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std::string name() const
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{ return EWOMS_GET_PARAM(TypeTag, std::string, SimulationName); }
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::endTimeStep
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*/
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void endTimeStep()
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{
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#ifndef NDEBUG
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// checkConservativeness() does not include the effect of constraints, so we
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// disable it for this problem...
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//this->model().checkConservativeness();
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// Calculate storage terms
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EqVector storage;
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this->model().globalStorage(storage);
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// Write mass balance information for rank 0
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if (this->gridView().comm().rank() == 0) {
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std::cout << "Storage: " << storage << std::endl << std::flush;
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}
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#endif // NDEBUG
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::intrinsicPermeability
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*
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* For this problem, a layer with high permability is located
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* above one with low permeability.
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*/
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template <class Context>
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const DimMatrix &intrinsicPermeability(const Context &context, int spaceIdx,
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int timeIdx) const
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{
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const GlobalPosition &pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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if (isFineMaterial_(pos))
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return fineK_;
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return coarseK_;
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::porosity
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*/
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template <class Context>
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Scalar porosity(const Context &context, int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
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{
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const GlobalPosition &pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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if (isFineMaterial_(pos))
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return finePorosity_;
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return coarsePorosity_;
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::materialLawParams
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*/
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template <class Context>
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const MaterialLawParams &materialLawParams(const Context &context,
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int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
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{
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const GlobalPosition &pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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if (isFineMaterial_(pos))
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return fineMaterialParams_;
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return coarseMaterialParams_;
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}
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/*!
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* \name Problem parameters
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*/
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//! \{
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::temperature
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*
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* The black-oil model assumes constant temperature to define its
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* parameters. Although temperature is thus not really used by the
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* model, it gets written to the VTK output. Who nows, maybe we
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* will need it one day?
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*/
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template <class Context>
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Scalar temperature(const Context &context, int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
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{ return temperature_; }
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// \}
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/*!
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* \name Boundary conditions
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*/
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//! \{
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::boundary
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*
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* The reservoir problem uses constraints to approximate
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* extraction and production wells, so all boundaries are no-flow.
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*/
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template <class Context>
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void boundary(BoundaryRateVector &values, const Context &context,
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int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
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{
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// no flow on top and bottom
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values.setNoFlow();
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}
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//! \}
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/*!
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* \name Volumetric terms
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*/
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//! \{
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::initial
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*
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* The reservoir problem uses a constant boundary condition for
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* the whole domain.
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*/
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template <class Context>
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void initial(PrimaryVariables &values, const Context &context, int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
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{ values.assignNaive(initialFluidState_); }
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::constraints
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*
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* The reservoir problem places two water-injection wells on the
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* lower parts of the left and right edges of the domains and on
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* production well in the middle. The injection wells are fully
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* water saturated with a higher pressure, the producer is fully
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* oil saturated with a lower pressure than the remaining
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* reservoir.
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*/
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template <class Context>
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void constraints(Constraints &constraints, const Context &context,
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int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
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{
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const auto &pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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Scalar x = pos[0] - this->boundingBoxMin()[0];
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Scalar y = pos[dim - 1] - this->boundingBoxMin()[dim - 1];
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Scalar height = this->boundingBoxMax()[dim - 1] - this->boundingBoxMin()[dim - 1];
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Scalar width = this->boundingBoxMax()[0] - this->boundingBoxMin()[0];
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if ((onLeftBoundary_(pos) || onRightBoundary_(pos)) && y < height / 2) {
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// injectors
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auto fs = initialFluidState_;
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Scalar pInj = pReservoir_ * 1.5;
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fs.setPressure(waterPhaseIdx, pInj);
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fs.setPressure(oilPhaseIdx, pInj);
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fs.setPressure(gasPhaseIdx, pInj);
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fs.setSaturation(waterPhaseIdx, 1.0);
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fs.setSaturation(oilPhaseIdx, 0.0);
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fs.setSaturation(gasPhaseIdx, 0.0);
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// set the compositions to only water
|
|
for (int phaseIdx = 0; phaseIdx < numPhases; ++phaseIdx)
|
|
for (int compIdx = 0; compIdx < numComponents; ++compIdx)
|
|
fs.setMoleFraction(phaseIdx, compIdx, 0.0);
|
|
|
|
// set the composition of the oil phase to the initial
|
|
// composition
|
|
for (int compIdx = 0; compIdx < numComponents; ++compIdx)
|
|
fs.setMoleFraction(oilPhaseIdx, compIdx,
|
|
initialFluidState_.moleFraction(oilPhaseIdx,
|
|
compIdx));
|
|
|
|
fs.setMoleFraction(waterPhaseIdx, waterCompIdx, 1.0);
|
|
|
|
constraints.setAllConstraint();
|
|
constraints.assignNaive(fs);
|
|
}
|
|
else if (width / 2 - 1 < x && x < width / 2 + 1 && y > height / 2) {
|
|
// producer
|
|
auto fs = initialFluidState_;
|
|
|
|
Scalar pProd = pReservoir_ / 1.5;
|
|
fs.setPressure(waterPhaseIdx, pProd);
|
|
fs.setPressure(oilPhaseIdx, pProd);
|
|
fs.setPressure(gasPhaseIdx, pProd);
|
|
fs.setSaturation(waterPhaseIdx, 0.0);
|
|
fs.setSaturation(oilPhaseIdx, 1.0);
|
|
fs.setSaturation(gasPhaseIdx, 0.0);
|
|
|
|
// set the compositions to the initial composition
|
|
for (int phaseIdx = 0; phaseIdx < numPhases; ++phaseIdx)
|
|
for (int compIdx = 0; compIdx < numComponents; ++compIdx)
|
|
fs.setMoleFraction(phaseIdx, compIdx,
|
|
initialFluidState_.moleFraction(phaseIdx,
|
|
compIdx));
|
|
|
|
constraints.setAllConstraint();
|
|
constraints.assignNaive(fs);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/*!
|
|
* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::source
|
|
*
|
|
* For this problem, the source term of all components is 0 everywhere.
|
|
*/
|
|
template <class Context>
|
|
void source(RateVector &rate, const Context &context, int spaceIdx,
|
|
int timeIdx) const
|
|
{ rate = Scalar(0.0); }
|
|
|
|
//! \}
|
|
|
|
private:
|
|
void initFluidState_()
|
|
{
|
|
auto &fs = initialFluidState_;
|
|
|
|
//////
|
|
// set temperatures
|
|
//////
|
|
fs.setTemperature(temperature_);
|
|
|
|
//////
|
|
// set saturations
|
|
//////
|
|
fs.setSaturation(FluidSystem::oilPhaseIdx, 1.0);
|
|
fs.setSaturation(FluidSystem::waterPhaseIdx, 0.0);
|
|
fs.setSaturation(FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx, 0.0);
|
|
|
|
//////
|
|
// set pressures
|
|
//////
|
|
Scalar pw = pReservoir_;
|
|
|
|
PhaseVector pC;
|
|
const auto &matParams = fineMaterialParams_;
|
|
MaterialLaw::capillaryPressures(pC, matParams, fs);
|
|
|
|
fs.setPressure(oilPhaseIdx, pw + (pC[oilPhaseIdx] - pC[waterPhaseIdx]));
|
|
fs.setPressure(waterPhaseIdx, pw + (pC[waterPhaseIdx] - pC[waterPhaseIdx]));
|
|
fs.setPressure(gasPhaseIdx, pw + (pC[gasPhaseIdx] - pC[waterPhaseIdx]));
|
|
|
|
// reset all mole fractions to 0
|
|
for (int phaseIdx = 0; phaseIdx < numPhases; ++phaseIdx)
|
|
for (int compIdx = 0; compIdx < numComponents; ++compIdx)
|
|
fs.setMoleFraction(phaseIdx, compIdx, 0.0);
|
|
|
|
//////
|
|
// set composition of the gas and water phases
|
|
//////
|
|
fs.setMoleFraction(waterPhaseIdx, waterCompIdx, 1.0);
|
|
fs.setMoleFraction(gasPhaseIdx, gasCompIdx, 1.0);
|
|
|
|
//////
|
|
// set composition of the oil phase
|
|
//////
|
|
|
|
Scalar xoG = 0.95*FluidSystem::saturatedOilGasMoleFraction(temperature_,
|
|
fs.pressure(oilPhaseIdx),
|
|
/*pvtRegionIdx=*/0);
|
|
Scalar xoO = 1 - xoG;
|
|
|
|
// finally set the oil-phase composition
|
|
fs.setMoleFraction(oilPhaseIdx, gasCompIdx, xoG);
|
|
fs.setMoleFraction(oilPhaseIdx, oilCompIdx, xoO);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
bool onLeftBoundary_(const GlobalPosition &pos) const
|
|
{ return pos[0] < eps_; }
|
|
|
|
bool onRightBoundary_(const GlobalPosition &pos) const
|
|
{ return pos[0] > this->boundingBoxMax()[0] - eps_; }
|
|
|
|
bool onInlet_(const GlobalPosition &pos) const
|
|
{ return onRightBoundary_(pos) && (5 < pos[1]) && (pos[1] < 15); }
|
|
|
|
bool isFineMaterial_(const GlobalPosition &pos) const
|
|
{ return pos[dim - 1] > layerBottom_; }
|
|
|
|
DimMatrix fineK_;
|
|
DimMatrix coarseK_;
|
|
Scalar layerBottom_;
|
|
Scalar pReservoir_;
|
|
|
|
Scalar finePorosity_;
|
|
Scalar coarsePorosity_;
|
|
|
|
MaterialLawParams fineMaterialParams_;
|
|
MaterialLawParams coarseMaterialParams_;
|
|
|
|
BlackOilFluidState initialFluidState_;
|
|
|
|
Scalar temperature_;
|
|
Scalar maxDepth_;
|
|
Scalar eps_;
|
|
};
|
|
} // namespace Ewoms
|
|
|
|
#endif
|