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594 lines
27 KiB
C++
594 lines
27 KiB
C++
/*
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Copyright 2012 SINTEF ICT, Applied Mathematics.
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This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).
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OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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GNU General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with OPM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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*/
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#ifndef OPM_INITSTATE_IMPL_HEADER_INCLUDED
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#define OPM_INITSTATE_IMPL_HEADER_INCLUDED
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#include <opm/core/utility/parameters/ParameterGroup.hpp>
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#include <opm/core/grid.h>
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#include <opm/core/eclipse/EclipseGridParser.hpp>
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#include <opm/core/utility/ErrorMacros.hpp>
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#include <opm/core/utility/MonotCubicInterpolator.hpp>
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#include <opm/core/utility/Units.hpp>
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#include <opm/core/fluid/IncompPropertiesInterface.hpp>
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#include <opm/core/fluid/BlackoilPropertiesInterface.hpp>
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#include <cmath>
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namespace Opm
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{
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namespace
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{
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// Find the cells that are below and above a depth.
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// TODO: add 'anitialiasing', obtaining a more precise split
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// by f. ex. subdividing cells cut by the split depths.
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void cellsBelowAbove(const UnstructuredGrid& grid,
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const double depth,
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std::vector<int>& below,
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std::vector<int>& above)
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{
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const int num_cells = grid.number_of_cells;
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below.reserve(num_cells);
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above.reserve(num_cells);
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const int dim = grid.dimensions;
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for (int c = 0; c < num_cells; ++c) {
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const double z = grid.cell_centroids[dim*c + dim - 1];
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if (z > depth) {
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below.push_back(c);
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} else {
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above.push_back(c);
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}
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}
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}
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enum WaterInit { WaterBelow, WaterAbove };
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// Initialize saturations so that there is water below woc,
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// and oil above.
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// If invert is true, water is instead above, oil below.
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template <class Props, class State>
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void initWaterOilContact(const UnstructuredGrid& grid,
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const Props& props,
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const double woc,
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const WaterInit waterinit,
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State& state)
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{
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// Find out which cells should have water and which should have oil.
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std::vector<int> water;
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std::vector<int> oil;
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// Assuming that water should go below the woc, but warning if oil is heavier.
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// if (props.density()[0] < props.density()[1]) {
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// std::cout << "*** warning: water density is less than oil density, "
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// "but initialising water below woc." << std::endl;
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// }
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switch (waterinit) {
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case WaterBelow:
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cellsBelowAbove(grid, woc, water, oil);
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break;
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case WaterAbove:
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cellsBelowAbove(grid, woc, oil, water);
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}
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// Set saturations.
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state.setFirstSat(oil, props, State::MinSat);
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state.setFirstSat(water, props, State::MaxSat);
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}
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// Initialize hydrostatic pressures depending only on gravity,
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// (constant) phase densities and a water-oil contact depth.
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// The pressure difference between points is equal to
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// delta_p = delta_z * gravity * rho
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// where rho is the (assumed constant) oil density above the
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// woc, water density below woc.
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// Note that even if there is (immobile) water in the oil zone,
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// it does not contribute to the pressure difference.
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// Note that by manipulating the densities parameter,
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// it is possible to initialise with water on top instead of
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// on the bottom etc.
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template <class State>
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void initHydrostaticPressure(const UnstructuredGrid& grid,
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const double* densities,
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const double woc,
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const double gravity,
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const double datum_z,
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const double datum_p,
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State& state)
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{
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std::vector<double>& p = state.pressure();
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const int num_cells = grid.number_of_cells;
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const int dim = grid.dimensions;
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// Compute pressure at woc
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const double rho_datum = datum_z > woc ? densities[0] : densities[1];
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const double woc_p = datum_p + (woc - datum_z)*gravity*rho_datum;
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for (int c = 0; c < num_cells; ++c) {
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// Compute pressure as delta from woc pressure.
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const double z = grid.cell_centroids[dim*c + dim - 1];
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const double rho = z > woc ? densities[0] : densities[1];
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p[c] = woc_p + (z - woc)*gravity*rho;
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}
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}
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// Facade to initHydrostaticPressure() taking a property object,
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// for similarity to initHydrostaticPressure() for compressible fluids.
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template <class State>
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void initHydrostaticPressure(const UnstructuredGrid& grid,
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const IncompPropertiesInterface& props,
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const double woc,
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const double gravity,
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const double datum_z,
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const double datum_p,
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State& state)
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{
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const double* densities = props.density();
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initHydrostaticPressure(grid, densities, woc, gravity, datum_z, datum_p, state);
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}
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// Helper functor for initHydrostaticPressure() for compressible fluids.
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struct Density
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{
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const BlackoilPropertiesInterface& props_;
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Density(const BlackoilPropertiesInterface& props) : props_(props) {}
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double operator()(const double pressure, const int phase)
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{
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ASSERT(props_.numPhases() == 2);
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const double surfvol[2][2] = { { 1.0, 0.0 },
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{ 0.0, 1.0 } };
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// We do not handle multi-region PVT/EQUIL at this point.
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const int* cells = 0;
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double A[4] = { 0.0 };
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props_.matrix(1, &pressure, surfvol[phase], cells, A, 0);
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double rho[2] = { 0.0 };
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props_.density(1, A, rho);
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return rho[phase];
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}
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};
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// Initialize hydrostatic pressures depending only on gravity,
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// phase densities that may vary with pressure and a water-oil
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// contact depth. The pressure ODE is given as
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// \grad p = \rho g \grad z
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// where rho is the oil density above the woc, water density
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// below woc. Note that even if there is (immobile) water in
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// the oil zone, it does not contribute to the pressure there.
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template <class State>
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void initHydrostaticPressure(const UnstructuredGrid& grid,
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const BlackoilPropertiesInterface& props,
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const double woc,
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const double gravity,
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const double datum_z,
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const double datum_p,
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State& state)
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{
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ASSERT(props.numPhases() == 2);
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// Obtain max and min z for which we will need to compute p.
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const int num_cells = grid.number_of_cells;
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const int dim = grid.dimensions;
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double zlim[2] = { 1e100, -1e100 };
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for (int c = 0; c < num_cells; ++c) {
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const double z = grid.cell_centroids[dim*c + dim - 1];
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zlim[0] = std::min(zlim[0], z);
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zlim[1] = std::max(zlim[1], z);
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}
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// We'll use a minimum stepsize of 1/100 of the z range.
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const double hmin = (zlim[1] - zlim[0])/100.0;
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// Store p(z) results in an associative array.
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std::map<double, double> press_by_z;
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press_by_z[datum_z] = datum_p;
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// Set up density evaluator.
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Density rho(props);
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// Solve the ODE from datum_z to woc.
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int phase = (datum_z > woc) ? 0 : 1;
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int num_steps = int(std::ceil(std::fabs(woc - datum_z)/hmin));
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double pval = datum_p;
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double zval = datum_z;
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double h = (woc - datum_z)/double(num_steps);
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for (int i = 0; i < num_steps; ++i) {
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zval += h;
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const double dp = rho(pval, phase)*gravity;
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pval += h*dp;
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press_by_z[zval] = pval;
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}
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double woc_p = pval;
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// Solve the ODE from datum_z to the end of the interval.
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double z_end = (datum_z > woc) ? zlim[1] : zlim[0];
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num_steps = int(std::ceil(std::fabs(z_end - datum_z)/hmin));
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pval = datum_p;
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zval = datum_z;
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h = (z_end - datum_z)/double(num_steps);
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for (int i = 0; i < num_steps; ++i) {
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zval += h;
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const double dp = rho(pval, phase)*gravity;
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pval += h*dp;
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press_by_z[zval] = pval;
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}
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// Solve the ODE from woc to the other end of the interval.
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// Switching phase and z_end.
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phase = (phase + 1) % 2;
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z_end = (datum_z > woc) ? zlim[0] : zlim[1];
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pval = woc_p;
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zval = woc;
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h = (z_end - datum_z)/double(num_steps);
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for (int i = 0; i < num_steps; ++i) {
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zval += h;
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const double dp = rho(pval, phase)*gravity;
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pval += h*dp;
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press_by_z[zval] = pval;
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}
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// Create monotone spline for interpolating solution.
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std::vector<double> zv, pv;
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zv.reserve(press_by_z.size());
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pv.reserve(press_by_z.size());
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for (std::map<double, double>::const_iterator it = press_by_z.begin();
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it != press_by_z.end(); ++it) {
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zv.push_back(it->first);
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pv.push_back(it->second);
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}
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MonotCubicInterpolator press(zv, pv);
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// Evaluate pressure at each cell centroid.
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std::vector<double>& p = state.pressure();
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for (int c = 0; c < num_cells; ++c) {
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const double z = grid.cell_centroids[dim*c + dim - 1];
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p[c] = press(z);
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}
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}
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// Initialize face pressures to distance-weighted average of adjacent cell pressures.
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template <class State>
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void initFacePressure(const UnstructuredGrid& grid,
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State& state)
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{
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const int dim = grid.dimensions;
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const std::vector<double>& cp = state.pressure();
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std::vector<double>& fp = state.facepressure();
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for (int f = 0; f < grid.number_of_faces; ++f) {
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double dist[2] = { 0.0, 0.0 };
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double press[2] = { 0.0, 0.0 };
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int bdy_idx = -1;
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for (int j = 0; j < 2; ++j) {
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const int c = grid.face_cells[2*f + j];
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if (c >= 0) {
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dist[j] = 0.0;
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for (int dd = 0; dd < dim; ++dd) {
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double diff = grid.face_centroids[dim*f + dd] - grid.cell_centroids[dim*c + dd];
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dist[j] += diff*diff;
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}
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dist[j] = std::sqrt(dist[j]);
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press[j] = cp[c];
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} else {
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bdy_idx = j;
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}
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}
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if (bdy_idx == -1) {
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fp[f] = press[0]*(dist[1]/(dist[0] + dist[1])) + press[1]*(dist[0]/(dist[0] + dist[1]));
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} else {
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fp[f] = press[(bdy_idx + 1) % 2];
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}
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}
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}
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} // anonymous namespace
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/// Initialize a twophase state from parameters.
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/// The following parameters are accepted (defaults):
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/// convection_testcase (false) Water in the 'left' part of the grid.
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/// ref_pressure (100) Initial pressure in bar for all cells
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/// (if convection_testcase is true),
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/// or pressure at woc depth.
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/// segregation_testcase (false) Water above the woc instead of below.
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/// water_oil_contact (none) Depth of water-oil contact (woc).
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/// init_saturation (none) Initial water saturation for all cells.
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/// If convection_testcase is true, the saturation is initialised
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/// as indicated, and pressure is initialised to a constant value
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/// ('ref_pressure').
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/// If segregation_testcase is true, the saturation is initialised
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/// as indicated, and pressure is initialised hydrostatically.
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/// Otherwise we have 3 cases:
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/// 1) If 'water_oil_contact' is given, saturation is initialised
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/// accordingly.
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/// 2) If 'water_oil_contact' is not given, but 'init_saturation'
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/// is given, water saturation is set to that value everywhere.
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/// 3) If neither are given, water saturation is set to minimum.
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/// In all three cases, pressure is initialised hydrostatically.
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/// In case 2) and 3), the depth of the first cell is used as reference depth.
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template <class State>
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void initStateBasic(const UnstructuredGrid& grid,
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const IncompPropertiesInterface& props,
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const parameter::ParameterGroup& param,
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const double gravity,
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State& state)
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{
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const int num_phases = props.numPhases();
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if (num_phases != 2) {
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THROW("initStateTwophaseBasic(): currently handling only two-phase scenarios.");
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}
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state.init(grid, num_phases);
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const int num_cells = props.numCells();
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// By default: initialise water saturation to minimum everywhere.
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std::vector<int> all_cells(num_cells);
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for (int i = 0; i < num_cells; ++i) {
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all_cells[i] = i;
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}
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state.setFirstSat(all_cells, props, State::MinSat);
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const bool convection_testcase = param.getDefault("convection_testcase", false);
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const bool segregation_testcase = param.getDefault("segregation_testcase", false);
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if (convection_testcase) {
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// Initialise water saturation to max in the 'left' part.
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std::vector<int> left_cells;
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left_cells.reserve(num_cells/2);
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const int *glob_cell = grid.global_cell;
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const int* cd = grid.cartdims;
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for (int cell = 0; cell < num_cells; ++cell) {
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const int gc = glob_cell == 0 ? cell : glob_cell[cell];
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bool left = (gc % cd[0]) < cd[0]/2;
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if (left) {
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left_cells.push_back(cell);
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}
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}
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state.setFirstSat(left_cells, props, State::MaxSat);
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const double init_p = param.getDefault("ref_pressure", 100)*unit::barsa;
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std::fill(state.pressure().begin(), state.pressure().end(), init_p);
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} else if (segregation_testcase) {
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// Warn against error-prone usage.
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if (gravity == 0.0) {
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std::cout << "**** Warning: running gravity segregation scenario, but gravity is zero." << std::endl;
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}
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if (grid.cartdims[2] <= 1) {
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std::cout << "**** Warning: running gravity segregation scenario, which expects nz > 1." << std::endl;
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}
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// Initialise water saturation to max *above* water-oil contact.
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const double woc = param.get<double>("water_oil_contact");
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initWaterOilContact(grid, props, woc, WaterAbove, state);
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// Initialise pressure to hydrostatic state.
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const double ref_p = param.getDefault("ref_pressure", 100)*unit::barsa;
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double dens[2] = { props.density()[1], props.density()[0] };
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initHydrostaticPressure(grid, dens, woc, gravity, woc, ref_p, state);
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} else if (param.has("water_oil_contact")) {
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// Warn against error-prone usage.
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if (gravity == 0.0) {
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std::cout << "**** Warning: running gravity convection scenario, but gravity is zero." << std::endl;
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}
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if (grid.cartdims[2] <= 1) {
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std::cout << "**** Warning: running gravity convection scenario, which expects nz > 1." << std::endl;
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}
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// Initialise water saturation to max below water-oil contact.
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const double woc = param.get<double>("water_oil_contact");
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initWaterOilContact(grid, props, woc, WaterBelow, state);
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// Initialise pressure to hydrostatic state.
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const double ref_p = param.getDefault("ref_pressure", 100)*unit::barsa;
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initHydrostaticPressure(grid, props.density(), woc, gravity, woc, ref_p, state);
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} else if (param.has("init_saturation")) {
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// Initialise water saturation to init_saturation parameter.
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const double init_saturation = param.get<double>("init_saturation");
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for (int cell = 0; cell < num_cells; ++cell) {
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state.saturation()[2*cell] = init_saturation;
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state.saturation()[2*cell + 1] = 1.0 - init_saturation;
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}
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// Initialise pressure to hydrostatic state.
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const double ref_p = param.getDefault("ref_pressure", 100)*unit::barsa;
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const double rho = props.density()[0]*init_saturation + props.density()[1]*(1.0 - init_saturation);
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const double dens[2] = { rho, rho };
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const double ref_z = grid.cell_centroids[0 + grid.dimensions - 1];
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initHydrostaticPressure(grid, dens, ref_z, gravity, ref_z, ref_p, state);
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} else {
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// Use default: water saturation is minimum everywhere.
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// Initialise pressure to hydrostatic state.
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const double ref_p = param.getDefault("ref_pressure", 100)*unit::barsa;
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const double rho = props.density()[1];
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const double dens[2] = { rho, rho };
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const double ref_z = grid.cell_centroids[0 + grid.dimensions - 1];
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initHydrostaticPressure(grid, dens, ref_z, gravity, ref_z, ref_p, state);
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}
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// Finally, init face pressures.
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initFacePressure(grid, state);
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}
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/// Initialize a blackoil state from parameters.
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/// The following parameters are accepted (defaults):
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/// convection_testcase (false) Water in the 'left' part of the grid.
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/// ref_pressure (100) Initial pressure in bar for all cells
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/// (if convection_testcase is true),
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/// or pressure at woc depth.
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/// water_oil_contact (none) Depth of water-oil contact (woc).
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/// If convection_testcase is true, the saturation is initialised
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/// as indicated, and pressure is initialised to a constant value
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/// ('ref_pressure').
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/// Otherwise we have 2 cases:
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/// 1) If 'water_oil_contact' is given, saturation is initialised
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/// accordingly.
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/// 2) Water saturation is set to minimum.
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/// In both cases, pressure is initialised hydrostatically.
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/// In case 2), the depth of the first cell is used as reference depth.
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template <class State>
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void initStateBasic(const UnstructuredGrid& grid,
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const BlackoilPropertiesInterface& props,
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const parameter::ParameterGroup& param,
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const double gravity,
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State& state)
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{
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// TODO: Refactor to exploit similarity with IncompProp* case.
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const int num_phases = props.numPhases();
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if (num_phases != 2) {
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THROW("initStateTwophaseBasic(): currently handling only two-phase scenarios.");
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}
|
|
state.init(grid, num_phases);
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|
const int num_cells = props.numCells();
|
|
// By default: initialise water saturation to minimum everywhere.
|
|
std::vector<int> all_cells(num_cells);
|
|
for (int i = 0; i < num_cells; ++i) {
|
|
all_cells[i] = i;
|
|
}
|
|
state.setFirstSat(all_cells, props, State::MinSat);
|
|
const bool convection_testcase = param.getDefault("convection_testcase", false);
|
|
if (convection_testcase) {
|
|
// Initialise water saturation to max in the 'left' part.
|
|
std::vector<int> left_cells;
|
|
left_cells.reserve(num_cells/2);
|
|
const int *glob_cell = grid.global_cell;
|
|
const int* cd = grid.cartdims;
|
|
for (int cell = 0; cell < num_cells; ++cell) {
|
|
const int gc = glob_cell == 0 ? cell : glob_cell[cell];
|
|
bool left = (gc % cd[0]) < cd[0]/2;
|
|
if (left) {
|
|
left_cells.push_back(cell);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
state.setFirstSat(left_cells, props, State::MaxSat);
|
|
const double init_p = param.getDefault("ref_pressure", 100)*unit::barsa;
|
|
std::fill(state.pressure().begin(), state.pressure().end(), init_p);
|
|
} else if (param.has("water_oil_contact")) {
|
|
// Warn against error-prone usage.
|
|
if (gravity == 0.0) {
|
|
std::cout << "**** Warning: running gravity convection scenario, but gravity is zero." << std::endl;
|
|
}
|
|
if (grid.cartdims[2] <= 1) {
|
|
std::cout << "**** Warning: running gravity convection scenario, which expects nz > 1." << std::endl;
|
|
}
|
|
// Initialise water saturation to max below water-oil contact.
|
|
const double woc = param.get<double>("water_oil_contact");
|
|
initWaterOilContact(grid, props, woc, WaterBelow, state);
|
|
// Initialise pressure to hydrostatic state.
|
|
const double ref_p = param.getDefault("ref_pressure", 100)*unit::barsa;
|
|
initHydrostaticPressure(grid, props, woc, gravity, woc, ref_p, state);
|
|
} else {
|
|
// Use default: water saturation is minimum everywhere.
|
|
// Initialise pressure to hydrostatic state.
|
|
const double ref_p = param.getDefault("ref_pressure", 100)*unit::barsa;
|
|
const double ref_z = grid.cell_centroids[0 + grid.dimensions - 1];
|
|
const double woc = -1e100;
|
|
initHydrostaticPressure(grid, props, woc, gravity, ref_z, ref_p, state);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Finally, init face pressures.
|
|
initFacePressure(grid, state);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
/// Initialize a state from input deck.
|
|
/// If EQUIL is present:
|
|
/// - saturation is set according to the water-oil contact,
|
|
/// - pressure is set to hydrostatic equilibrium.
|
|
/// Otherwise:
|
|
/// - saturation is set according to SWAT,
|
|
/// - pressure is set according to PRESSURE.
|
|
template <class Props, class State>
|
|
void initStateFromDeck(const UnstructuredGrid& grid,
|
|
const Props& props,
|
|
const EclipseGridParser& deck,
|
|
const double gravity,
|
|
State& state)
|
|
{
|
|
const int num_phases = props.numPhases();
|
|
if (num_phases != 2) {
|
|
THROW("initStateFromDeck(): currently handling only two-phase scenarios.");
|
|
}
|
|
state.init(grid, num_phases);
|
|
if (deck.hasField("EQUIL")) {
|
|
// Set saturations depending on oil-water contact.
|
|
const EQUIL& equil= deck.getEQUIL();
|
|
if (equil.equil.size() != 1) {
|
|
THROW("No region support yet.");
|
|
}
|
|
const double woc = equil.equil[0].water_oil_contact_depth_;
|
|
initWaterOilContact(grid, props, woc, WaterBelow, state);
|
|
// Set pressure depending on densities and depths.
|
|
const double datum_z = equil.equil[0].datum_depth_;
|
|
const double datum_p = equil.equil[0].datum_depth_pressure_;
|
|
initHydrostaticPressure(grid, props, woc, gravity, datum_z, datum_p, state);
|
|
} else if (deck.hasField("SWAT") && deck.hasField("PRESSURE")) {
|
|
// Set saturations from SWAT, pressure from PRESSURE.
|
|
std::vector<double>& s = state.saturation();
|
|
std::vector<double>& p = state.pressure();
|
|
const std::vector<double>& sw_deck = deck.getFloatingPointValue("SWAT");
|
|
const std::vector<double>& p_deck = deck.getFloatingPointValue("PRESSURE");
|
|
const int num_cells = grid.number_of_cells;
|
|
for (int c = 0; c < num_cells; ++c) {
|
|
int c_deck = (grid.global_cell == NULL) ? c : grid.global_cell[c];
|
|
s[2*c] = sw_deck[c_deck];
|
|
s[2*c + 1] = 1.0 - s[2*c];
|
|
p[c] = p_deck[c_deck];
|
|
}
|
|
} else {
|
|
THROW("initStateFromDeck(): we must either have EQUIL, or both SWAT and PRESSURE.");
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Finally, init face pressures.
|
|
initFacePressure(grid, state);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/// Initialize surface volume from pressure and saturation by z = As.
|
|
template <class Props, class State>
|
|
void initBlackoilSurfvol(const UnstructuredGrid& grid,
|
|
const Props& props,
|
|
State& state)
|
|
{
|
|
state.surfacevol() = state.saturation();
|
|
const int np = props.numPhases();
|
|
const int nc = grid.number_of_cells;
|
|
std::vector<double> allA(nc*np*np);
|
|
std::vector<int> allcells(nc);
|
|
for (int c = 0; c < nc; ++c) {
|
|
allcells[c] = c;
|
|
}
|
|
// Assuming that using the saturation as z argument here does not change
|
|
// the outcome. This is not guaranteed unless we have only a single phase
|
|
// per cell.
|
|
props.matrix(nc, &state.pressure()[0], &state.surfacevol()[0], &allcells[0], &allA[0], 0);
|
|
for (int c = 0; c < nc; ++c) {
|
|
// Using z = As
|
|
double* z = &state.surfacevol()[c*np];
|
|
const double* s = &state.saturation()[c*np];
|
|
const double* A = &allA[c*np*np];
|
|
for (int row = 0; row < np; ++row) {
|
|
z[row] = 0.0;
|
|
for (int col = 0; col < np; ++col) {
|
|
// Recall: A has column-major ordering.
|
|
z[row] += A[row + np*col]*s[col];
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
} // namespace Opm
|
|
|
|
|
|
#endif // OPM_INITSTATE_IMPL_HEADER_INCLUDED
|