mirror of
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676 lines
23 KiB
C++
676 lines
23 KiB
C++
// -*- mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*-
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// vi: set et ts=4 sw=4 sts=4:
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/*
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This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).
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OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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GNU General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with OPM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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Consult the COPYING file in the top-level source directory of this
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module for the precise wording of the license and the list of
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copyright holders.
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*/
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/*!
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* \file
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*
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* \copydoc Opm::FractureProblem
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*/
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#ifndef EWOMS_FRACTURE_PROBLEM_HH
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#define EWOMS_FRACTURE_PROBLEM_HH
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#if HAVE_DUNE_ALUGRID
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// avoid reordering of macro elements, otherwise this problem won't work
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#define DISABLE_ALUGRID_SFC_ORDERING 1
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#include <dune/alugrid/grid.hh>
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#include <dune/alugrid/dgf.hh>
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#else
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#error "dune-alugrid not found!"
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#endif
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#include <opm/models/discretefracture/discretefracturemodel.hh>
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#include <opm/models/io/dgfvanguard.hh>
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#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/RegularizedBrooksCorey.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/RegularizedVanGenuchten.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/LinearMaterial.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/EffToAbsLaw.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/MaterialTraits.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/thermal/SomertonThermalConductionLaw.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/thermal/ConstantSolidHeatCapLaw.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidsystems/TwoPhaseImmiscibleFluidSystem.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/components/SimpleH2O.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/components/Dnapl.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/common/Unused.hpp>
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#include <dune/common/version.hh>
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#include <dune/common/fmatrix.hh>
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#include <dune/common/fvector.hh>
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#include <iostream>
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#include <sstream>
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#include <string>
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namespace Opm {
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template <class TypeTag>
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class FractureProblem;
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}
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namespace Opm::Properties {
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// Create a type tag for the problem
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// Create new type tags
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namespace TTag {
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struct FractureProblem { using InheritsFrom = std::tuple<DiscreteFractureModel>; };
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} // end namespace TTag
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// Set the grid type
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SET_TYPE_PROP(
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FractureProblem, Grid,
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Dune::ALUGrid</*dim=*/2, /*dimWorld=*/2, Dune::simplex, Dune::nonconforming>);
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// Set the Vanguard property
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template<class TypeTag>
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struct Vanguard<TypeTag, TTag::FractureProblem> { using type = Opm::DgfVanguard<TypeTag>; };
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// Set the problem property
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template<class TypeTag>
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struct Problem<TypeTag, TTag::FractureProblem> { using type = Opm::FractureProblem<TypeTag>; };
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// Set the wetting phase
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template<class TypeTag>
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struct WettingPhase<TypeTag, TTag::FractureProblem>
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{
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private:
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typedef GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Scalar> Scalar;
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public:
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typedef Opm::LiquidPhase<Scalar, Opm::SimpleH2O<Scalar> > type;
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};
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// Set the non-wetting phase
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template<class TypeTag>
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struct NonwettingPhase<TypeTag, TTag::FractureProblem>
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{
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private:
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typedef GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Scalar> Scalar;
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public:
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typedef Opm::LiquidPhase<Scalar, Opm::DNAPL<Scalar> > type;
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};
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// Set the material Law
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template<class TypeTag>
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struct MaterialLaw<TypeTag, TTag::FractureProblem>
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{
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private:
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typedef GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::FluidSystem> FluidSystem;
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enum { wettingPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::wettingPhaseIdx };
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enum { nonWettingPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::nonWettingPhaseIdx };
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typedef GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Scalar> Scalar;
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typedef Opm::TwoPhaseMaterialTraits<Scalar,
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/*wettingPhaseIdx=*/FluidSystem::wettingPhaseIdx,
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/*nonWettingPhaseIdx=*/FluidSystem::nonWettingPhaseIdx>
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Traits;
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// define the material law which is parameterized by effective
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// saturations
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typedef Opm::RegularizedBrooksCorey<Traits> EffectiveLaw;
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// typedef RegularizedVanGenuchten<Traits> EffectiveLaw;
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// typedef LinearMaterial<Traits> EffectiveLaw;
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public:
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typedef Opm::EffToAbsLaw<EffectiveLaw> type;
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};
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// Enable the energy equation
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template<class TypeTag>
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struct EnableEnergy<TypeTag, TTag::FractureProblem> { static constexpr bool value = true; };
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// Set the thermal conduction law
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template<class TypeTag>
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struct ThermalConductionLaw<TypeTag, TTag::FractureProblem>
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{
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private:
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typedef GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Scalar> Scalar;
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typedef GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::FluidSystem> FluidSystem;
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public:
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// define the material law parameterized by absolute saturations
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typedef Opm::SomertonThermalConductionLaw<FluidSystem, Scalar> type;
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};
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// set the energy storage law for the solid phase
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SET_TYPE_PROP(FractureProblem, SolidEnergyLaw,
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Opm::ConstantSolidHeatCapLaw<GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Scalar>>);
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// Disable gravity
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template<class TypeTag>
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struct EnableGravity<TypeTag, TTag::FractureProblem> { static constexpr bool value = false; };
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// For this problem, we use constraints to specify the left boundary
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template<class TypeTag>
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struct EnableConstraints<TypeTag, TTag::FractureProblem> { static constexpr bool value = true; };
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// Set the default value for the file name of the grid
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SET_STRING_PROP(FractureProblem, GridFile, "data/fracture.art.dgf");
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// Set the default value for the end time
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template<class TypeTag>
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struct EndTime<TypeTag, TTag::FractureProblem>
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{
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using type = GetPropType<TypeTag, Scalar>;
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static constexpr type value = 3e3;
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};
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// Set the default value for the initial time step size
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template<class TypeTag>
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struct InitialTimeStepSize<TypeTag, TTag::FractureProblem>
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{
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using type = GetPropType<TypeTag, Scalar>;
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static constexpr type value = 100;
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};
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} // namespace Opm::Properties
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namespace Opm {
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/*!
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* \ingroup TestProblems
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*
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* \brief Two-phase problem which involves fractures
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*
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* The domain is initially completely saturated by the oil phase,
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* except for the left side, which is fully water saturated. Since the
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* capillary pressure in the fractures is lower than in the rock
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* matrix and the material is hydrophilic, water infiltrates through
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* the fractures and gradually pushes the oil out on the right side,
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* where the pressure is kept constant.
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*/
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template <class TypeTag>
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class FractureProblem : public GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::BaseProblem>
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{
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typedef GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::BaseProblem> ParentType;
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typedef GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::GridView> GridView;
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typedef GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::FluidSystem> FluidSystem;
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typedef GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::WettingPhase> WettingPhase;
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typedef GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::NonwettingPhase> NonwettingPhase;
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typedef GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Constraints> Constraints;
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typedef GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::EqVector> EqVector;
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typedef GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::PrimaryVariables> PrimaryVariables;
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typedef GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::BoundaryRateVector> BoundaryRateVector;
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typedef GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::RateVector> RateVector;
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typedef GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Simulator> Simulator;
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typedef GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Scalar> Scalar;
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typedef GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::MaterialLaw> MaterialLaw;
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typedef GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::MaterialLawParams> MaterialLawParams;
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typedef GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::ThermalConductionLawParams> ThermalConductionLawParams;
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typedef GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::SolidEnergyLawParams> SolidEnergyLawParams;
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typedef GetPropType<TypeTag, Properties::Model> Model;
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enum {
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// phase indices
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wettingPhaseIdx = MaterialLaw::wettingPhaseIdx,
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nonWettingPhaseIdx = MaterialLaw::nonWettingPhaseIdx,
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// number of phases
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numPhases = FluidSystem::numPhases,
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// Grid and world dimension
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dim = GridView::dimension,
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dimWorld = GridView::dimensionworld
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};
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typedef Opm::ImmiscibleFluidState<Scalar, FluidSystem> FluidState;
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typedef Dune::FieldVector<Scalar, dimWorld> GlobalPosition;
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typedef Dune::FieldMatrix<Scalar, dimWorld, dimWorld> DimMatrix;
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template <int dim>
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struct FaceLayout
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{
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bool contains(Dune::GeometryType gt)
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{ return gt.dim() == dim - 1; }
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};
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typedef Dune::MultipleCodimMultipleGeomTypeMapper<GridView, FaceLayout> FaceMapper;
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typedef Opm::FractureMapper<TypeTag> FractureMapper;
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public:
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/*!
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* \copydoc Doxygen::defaultProblemConstructor
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*/
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FractureProblem(Simulator& simulator)
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: ParentType(simulator)
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{ }
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::finishInit
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*/
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void finishInit()
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{
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ParentType::finishInit();
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eps_ = 3e-6;
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temperature_ = 273.15 + 20; // -> 20°C
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matrixMaterialParams_.setResidualSaturation(wettingPhaseIdx, 0.0);
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matrixMaterialParams_.setResidualSaturation(nonWettingPhaseIdx, 0.0);
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fractureMaterialParams_.setResidualSaturation(wettingPhaseIdx, 0.0);
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fractureMaterialParams_.setResidualSaturation(nonWettingPhaseIdx, 0.0);
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#if 0 // linear
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matrixMaterialParams_.setEntryPC(0.0);
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matrixMaterialParams_.setMaxPC(2000.0);
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fractureMaterialParams_.setEntryPC(0.0);
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fractureMaterialParams_.setMaxPC(1000.0);
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#endif
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#if 1 // Brooks-Corey
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matrixMaterialParams_.setEntryPressure(2000);
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matrixMaterialParams_.setLambda(2.0);
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matrixMaterialParams_.setPcLowSw(1e-1);
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fractureMaterialParams_.setEntryPressure(1000);
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fractureMaterialParams_.setLambda(2.0);
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fractureMaterialParams_.setPcLowSw(5e-2);
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#endif
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#if 0 // van Genuchten
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matrixMaterialParams_.setVgAlpha(0.0037);
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matrixMaterialParams_.setVgN(4.7);
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fractureMaterialParams_.setVgAlpha(0.0025);
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fractureMaterialParams_.setVgN(4.7);
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#endif
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matrixMaterialParams_.finalize();
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fractureMaterialParams_.finalize();
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matrixK_ = this->toDimMatrix_(1e-15); // m^2
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fractureK_ = this->toDimMatrix_(1e5 * 1e-15); // m^2
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matrixPorosity_ = 0.10;
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fracturePorosity_ = 0.25;
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fractureWidth_ = 1e-3; // [m]
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// initialize the energy-related parameters
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initEnergyParams_(thermalConductionParams_, matrixPorosity_);
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}
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/*!
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* \name Auxiliary methods
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*/
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//! \{
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::name
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*/
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std::string name() const
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{
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std::ostringstream oss;
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oss << "fracture_" << Model::name();
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return oss.str();
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}
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/*!
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* \brief Called directly after the time integration.
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*/
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void endTimeStep()
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{
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#ifndef NDEBUG
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// checkConservativeness() does not include the effect of constraints, so we
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// disable it for this problem...
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//this->model().checkConservativeness();
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// Calculate storage terms
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EqVector storage;
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this->model().globalStorage(storage);
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// Write mass balance information for rank 0
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if (this->gridView().comm().rank() == 0) {
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std::cout << "Storage: " << storage << std::endl << std::flush;
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}
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#endif // NDEBUG
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::temperature
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*/
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template <class Context>
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Scalar temperature(const Context& context OPM_UNUSED,
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unsigned spaceIdx OPM_UNUSED,
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unsigned timeIdx OPM_UNUSED) const
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{ return temperature_; }
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// \}
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/*!
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* \name Soil parameters
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*/
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//! \{
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::intrinsicPermeability
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*/
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template <class Context>
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const DimMatrix& intrinsicPermeability(const Context& context OPM_UNUSED,
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unsigned spaceIdx OPM_UNUSED,
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unsigned timeIdx OPM_UNUSED) const
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{ return matrixK_; }
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/*!
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* \brief Intrinsic permeability of fractures.
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*
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* \copydoc Doxygen::contextParams
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*/
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template <class Context>
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const DimMatrix& fractureIntrinsicPermeability(const Context& context OPM_UNUSED,
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unsigned spaceIdx OPM_UNUSED,
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unsigned timeIdx OPM_UNUSED) const
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{ return fractureK_; }
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::porosity
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*/
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template <class Context>
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Scalar porosity(const Context& context OPM_UNUSED,
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unsigned spaceIdx OPM_UNUSED,
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unsigned timeIdx OPM_UNUSED) const
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{ return matrixPorosity_; }
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/*!
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* \brief The porosity inside the fractures.
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*
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* \copydoc Doxygen::contextParams
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*/
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template <class Context>
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Scalar fracturePorosity(const Context& context OPM_UNUSED,
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unsigned spaceIdx OPM_UNUSED,
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unsigned timeIdx OPM_UNUSED) const
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{ return fracturePorosity_; }
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::materialLawParams
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*/
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template <class Context>
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const MaterialLawParams& materialLawParams(const Context& context OPM_UNUSED,
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unsigned spaceIdx OPM_UNUSED,
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unsigned timeIdx OPM_UNUSED) const
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{ return matrixMaterialParams_; }
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/*!
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* \brief The parameters for the material law inside the fractures.
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*
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* \copydoc Doxygen::contextParams
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*/
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template <class Context>
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const MaterialLawParams& fractureMaterialLawParams(const Context& context OPM_UNUSED,
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unsigned spaceIdx OPM_UNUSED,
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unsigned timeIdx OPM_UNUSED) const
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{ return fractureMaterialParams_; }
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/*!
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* \brief Returns the object representating the fracture topology.
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*/
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const FractureMapper& fractureMapper() const
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{ return this->simulator().vanguard().fractureMapper(); }
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/*!
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* \brief Returns the width of the fracture.
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*
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* \todo This method should get one face index instead of two
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* vertex indices. This probably requires a new context
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* class, though.
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*
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* \param context The execution context.
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* \param spaceIdx1 The local index of the edge's first edge.
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* \param spaceIdx2 The local index of the edge's second edge.
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* \param timeIdx The index used by the time discretization.
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*/
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template <class Context>
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Scalar fractureWidth(const Context& context OPM_UNUSED,
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unsigned spaceIdx1 OPM_UNUSED,
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unsigned spaceIdx2 OPM_UNUSED,
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unsigned timeIdx OPM_UNUSED) const
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{ return fractureWidth_; }
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::thermalConductionParams
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*/
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template <class Context>
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const ThermalConductionLawParams&
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thermalConductionLawParams(const Context& context OPM_UNUSED,
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unsigned spaceIdx OPM_UNUSED,
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unsigned timeIdx OPM_UNUSED) const
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{ return thermalConductionParams_; }
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/*!
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* \brief Return the parameters for the energy storage law of the rock
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*
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* In this case, we assume the rock-matrix to be granite.
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*/
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template <class Context>
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const SolidEnergyLawParams&
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solidEnergyLawParams(const Context& context OPM_UNUSED,
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unsigned spaceIdx OPM_UNUSED,
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unsigned timeIdx OPM_UNUSED) const
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{ return solidEnergyParams_; }
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// \}
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/*!
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* \name Boundary conditions
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*/
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// \{
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::boundary
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*/
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template <class Context>
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void boundary(BoundaryRateVector& values, const Context& context,
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unsigned spaceIdx, unsigned timeIdx) const
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{
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const GlobalPosition& pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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if (onRightBoundary_(pos)) {
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// on the right boundary, we impose a free-flow
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// (i.e. Dirichlet) condition
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FluidState fluidState;
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fluidState.setTemperature(temperature_);
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fluidState.setSaturation(wettingPhaseIdx, 0.0);
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fluidState.setSaturation(nonWettingPhaseIdx,
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1.0 - fluidState.saturation(wettingPhaseIdx));
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fluidState.setPressure(wettingPhaseIdx, 1e5);
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fluidState.setPressure(nonWettingPhaseIdx, fluidState.pressure(wettingPhaseIdx));
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typename FluidSystem::template ParameterCache<Scalar> paramCache;
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paramCache.updateAll(fluidState);
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for (unsigned phaseIdx = 0; phaseIdx < numPhases; ++ phaseIdx) {
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fluidState.setDensity(phaseIdx,
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FluidSystem::density(fluidState, paramCache, phaseIdx));
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fluidState.setViscosity(phaseIdx,
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FluidSystem::viscosity(fluidState, paramCache, phaseIdx));
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}
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// set a free flow (i.e. Dirichlet) boundary
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values.setFreeFlow(context, spaceIdx, timeIdx, fluidState);
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}
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else
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// for the upper, lower and left boundaries, use a no-flow
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// condition (i.e. a Neumann 0 condition)
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values.setNoFlow();
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}
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// \}
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/*!
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* \name Volumetric terms
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*/
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// \{
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::constraints
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*/
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template <class Context>
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void constraints(Constraints& constraints, const Context& context,
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unsigned spaceIdx, unsigned timeIdx) const
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{
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const GlobalPosition& pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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if (!onLeftBoundary_(pos))
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// only impose constraints adjacent to the left boundary
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return;
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unsigned globalIdx = context.globalSpaceIndex(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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if (!fractureMapper().isFractureVertex(globalIdx)) {
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// do not impose constraints if the finite volume does
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// not contain fractures.
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return;
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}
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// if the current finite volume is on the left boundary
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// and features a fracture, specify the fracture fluid
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// state.
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FluidState fractureFluidState;
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fractureFluidState.setTemperature(temperature_ + 10.0);
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fractureFluidState.setSaturation(wettingPhaseIdx, 1.0);
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fractureFluidState.setSaturation(nonWettingPhaseIdx,
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1.0 - fractureFluidState.saturation(
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wettingPhaseIdx));
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Scalar pCFracture[numPhases];
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MaterialLaw::capillaryPressures(pCFracture, fractureMaterialParams_,
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fractureFluidState);
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fractureFluidState.setPressure(wettingPhaseIdx, /*pressure=*/1.0e5);
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fractureFluidState.setPressure(nonWettingPhaseIdx,
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fractureFluidState.pressure(wettingPhaseIdx)
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+ (pCFracture[nonWettingPhaseIdx]
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- pCFracture[wettingPhaseIdx]));
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constraints.setActive(true);
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constraints.assignNaiveFromFracture(fractureFluidState,
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matrixMaterialParams_);
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::initial
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*/
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template <class Context>
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void initial(PrimaryVariables& values,
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const Context& context OPM_UNUSED,
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unsigned spaceIdx OPM_UNUSED,
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unsigned timeIdx OPM_UNUSED) const
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{
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FluidState fluidState;
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fluidState.setTemperature(temperature_);
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fluidState.setPressure(FluidSystem::wettingPhaseIdx, /*pressure=*/1e5);
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fluidState.setPressure(nonWettingPhaseIdx, fluidState.pressure(wettingPhaseIdx));
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fluidState.setSaturation(wettingPhaseIdx, 0.0);
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fluidState.setSaturation(nonWettingPhaseIdx,
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1.0 - fluidState.saturation(wettingPhaseIdx));
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values.assignNaive(fluidState);
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::source
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*
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* For this problem, the source term of all components is 0
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* everywhere.
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*/
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template <class Context>
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void source(RateVector& rate,
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const Context& context OPM_UNUSED,
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unsigned spaceIdx OPM_UNUSED,
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unsigned timeIdx OPM_UNUSED) const
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{ rate = Scalar(0.0); }
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// \}
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private:
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bool onLeftBoundary_(const GlobalPosition& pos) const
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{ return pos[0] < this->boundingBoxMin()[0] + eps_; }
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bool onRightBoundary_(const GlobalPosition& pos) const
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{ return pos[0] > this->boundingBoxMax()[0] - eps_; }
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bool onLowerBoundary_(const GlobalPosition& pos) const
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{ return pos[1] < this->boundingBoxMin()[1] + eps_; }
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bool onUpperBoundary_(const GlobalPosition& pos) const
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{ return pos[1] > this->boundingBoxMax()[1] - eps_; }
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void initEnergyParams_(ThermalConductionLawParams& params, Scalar poro)
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{
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// assume the volumetric heat capacity of granite
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solidEnergyParams_.setSolidHeatCapacity(790.0 // specific heat capacity of granite [J / (kg K)]
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* 2700.0); // density of granite [kg/m^3]
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solidEnergyParams_.finalize();
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Scalar lambdaGranite = 2.8; // [W / (K m)]
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// create a Fluid state which has all phases present
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Opm::ImmiscibleFluidState<Scalar, FluidSystem> fs;
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fs.setTemperature(293.15);
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for (unsigned phaseIdx = 0; phaseIdx < numPhases; ++phaseIdx) {
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fs.setPressure(phaseIdx, 1.0135e5);
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}
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typename FluidSystem::template ParameterCache<Scalar> paramCache;
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paramCache.updateAll(fs);
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for (unsigned phaseIdx = 0; phaseIdx < numPhases; ++phaseIdx) {
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Scalar rho = FluidSystem::density(fs, paramCache, phaseIdx);
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fs.setDensity(phaseIdx, rho);
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}
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for (unsigned phaseIdx = 0; phaseIdx < numPhases; ++phaseIdx) {
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Scalar lambdaSaturated;
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if (FluidSystem::isLiquid(phaseIdx)) {
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Scalar lambdaFluid = FluidSystem::thermalConductivity(fs, paramCache, phaseIdx);
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lambdaSaturated =
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std::pow(lambdaGranite, (1 - poro))
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+ std::pow(lambdaFluid, poro);
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}
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else
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lambdaSaturated = std::pow(lambdaGranite, (1 - poro));
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params.setFullySaturatedLambda(phaseIdx, lambdaSaturated);
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}
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Scalar lambdaVac = std::pow(lambdaGranite, (1 - poro));
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params.setVacuumLambda(lambdaVac);
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}
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DimMatrix matrixK_;
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DimMatrix fractureK_;
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Scalar matrixPorosity_;
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Scalar fracturePorosity_;
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Scalar fractureWidth_;
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MaterialLawParams fractureMaterialParams_;
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MaterialLawParams matrixMaterialParams_;
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ThermalConductionLawParams thermalConductionParams_;
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SolidEnergyLawParams solidEnergyParams_;
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Scalar temperature_;
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Scalar eps_;
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};
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} // namespace Opm
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#endif // EWOMS_FRACTURE_PROBLEM_HH
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